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Rationale: The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata (AKH) play a key role in determining its effects such as organoleptic properties, medicinal properties, and consumer preferences. The nonmedicinal parts (roots, fibrous roots, stems, leaves, and shells) in AKH are also rich in VOCs and different degrees of antibacterial activity. Therefore, it is important to comprehensively characterize the VOCs in different parts of AKH and learn about their potential antimicrobial abilities. Methods: In this study, headspace gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (HS‐GC‐IMS) and headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS) were used to comprehensively investigate the compositional characteristics and differences of roots, fibrous roots, stems, leaves, shells, and seeds in AKH. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to determine the differential VOCs in different parts of AKH. The inhibition zone diameter method was used to compare the antibacterial ability of different parts. Results: HS‐GC‐IMS and HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS analyses identified 67 and 125 VOCs, respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis showed the differences in the six parts is obvious. Compounds such as (E)‐2‐heptenal and thymol were selected as potential VOCs to distinguish six sites of AKH. In general, the inhibition effect of the volatile oils from shell and root on the two colonies was better, and the volatile oils of the four parts of AKH have better inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: This research conducted a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental volatile components in AKH. It subsequently elucidated the distinctions and specificities in different parts. The antibacterial effect of volatile oil in different parts was further compared, which was conducive to finding alternative parts for seeds in some active aspects, and the utilization of AKH was more sufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: This study aimed to explore multiple effects of hyperbranched poly‐l‐lysine (HBPL) titanium (Ti) surfaces on osseointegration, bacteriostasis, and anti‐inflammation across three different animal models. Methods: Ti surfaces were covalently modified with HBPL, with uncoated surfaces as controls. Characterization included scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface chemistry and elemental analysis (EDX). Ti and Ti‐HBPL implants were placed in conventional canine edentulous sites, post‐operative infection canine edentulous sites, and diabetic rat tibias. Implants from canine edentulous models were analyzed using micro‐CT and histomorphometry to assess osseointegration at 8 weeks. Post‐operative infection beagles were used to evaluate antibacterial efficacy through clinical parameters and bacterial cultures at 1 week. In diabetic rats, micro‐CT and histomorphometry were performed at 8 weeks. Results: HBPL was uniformly grafted on Ti‐HBPL surfaces. Ti‐HBPL surfaces showed higher bone volume/total volume (BV/TV, p < 0.001), bone‐implant contact (BIC%, p < 0.001), and trabecular number (Tb.N, p < 0.01) in beagles. Besides, it displayed higher BIC% (p < 0.001) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO%, p < 0.01) in hard tissue sections. In an infected model, Ti‐HBPL surfaces exhibited lower bleeding on probing (BOP, p < 0.001), and plaque index (DI, p < 0.01), with reduced bacterial colony formation (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. In diabetic rats, Ti‐HBPL surfaces showed an increase in BV/TV (p < 0.01) and Tb.N (p < 0.001), downregulated TNF‐α and IL‐1β (p < 0.01), and upregulated IL‐10 (p < 0.01) and osteocalcin (OCN) expression (p < 0.01). Conclusions: HBPL‐Ti surfaces demonstrated enhanced osseointegration, bacteriostasis, and anti‐inflammatory effects in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compare the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of Sophora flavescens and its eight different processed products, providing experimental basis for the use of different processed products of So⁃ phora flavescens in feed additives. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate RAW264.7 mouse macrophages as an in vitro anti-inflammatory model, the proliferation rate of cells was determined by CCK-8 method. The contents of TNF- α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were determined by ELISA. The contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in LPS stimulated cells were reduced by Sophora flavescens and different processed products. Bran-processed and rice-washed processed are significantly lower than raw products (P<0.01). Sophora flavescens and its different processed products have inhibitory effect on both bacteria, the MIC of carbonized-processed, branprocessed and rice-washed processed was less than that of raw Sophora flavescens, and the bacteriostasis circle was larger than that of raw Sophora flavescens (P<0.05). Sophora flavescens and its different processed products all have good anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, among which bran-processed and rice-washed processed are better than raw Sophora flavescens. Therefore, bran-processed and rice-washed processed can be added to animal feed, providing ideas for the subsequent application of Sophora flavescens processed products in the feed field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Open wounds are susceptible to bacterial infections, and antibiotics are commonly used to treat these infections. However, widespread use of antibiotics will easily induce bacterial resistance. Green antibacterial agents serve as excellent alternative for antibiotics in infection therapy. In this work, polydopamine (PDA) was used to modify the surface of ZIF-8, which not only enhances the water stability of Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8) but also improves its photocatalytic and photothermal capabilities. ZIF-8@PDA was incorporated into carboxylated chitosan (CCS) films as an antibacterial agent, the resulting ZIF-8@PDA-CCS films exhibit excellent ionic/photocatalytic/photothermal antibacterial performance. The film exhibited an impressive 99% in vitro bacterial inhibition rate. After treatment with ZIF-8@PDA-CCS, the bacteria in infected wounds can be completely suppressed. These findings suggest that ZIF-8@PDA-CCS could serve as a potentional antibacterial dressing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), such as size, surface charge, and the ability to release silver ions, contribute to DNA damage, inducing of oxidative stress, and apoptosis in cancer cells. Thus, the potential application of AgNPs in the field of biomedicine, and cancer therapy are rapidly increasing day by day. Therefore, in this study, AgNPs were synthesized by extract of Chuanminshen violaceum, and then the synthesized CM-AgNPs were fully characterized. The biological activity of CM-AgNPs was investigated for antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. The cytotoxic activity of CM-AgNPs was tested for various kinds of cancer cells including MKN45 gastric cancer cells, HCT116 human colon cancer cells, A549 human lung cancer cells, and HepG2 liver cancer cells. Among these cancer cells, the induced apoptosis activity of CM-AgNPs on HCT116 cancer cells was better and was used for further investigation. Besides, the CM-AgNPs exhibited great antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with 50% free radical scavenging activity, and CM-AgNPs also showed a significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, our pilot data demonstrated that the green synthesis of CM-AgNPs would be considered a good candidate for the treatment of HCT116 cancer cells, with its strong antioxidant activity and antibacterial effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to effectively prevent and treat microbial contamination in foods, L-methionine-modified microcrystalline cellulose (M-MCC) with antibacterial effect was prepared by loading L-methionine (L-Met) on microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The morphology, element composition and stability of M-MCC were characterized, indicating the successful grafting of L-Met. M-MCC had a good scavenging effect on 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cationic radicals, with a scavenging percentage of 97.47% at 20 mg/mL. M-MCC had a marked antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, with minimal inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of 15 and 30 mg/mL, respectively. Finally, the effect of M-MCC on the cell membrane permeability, cell membrane integrity, cellular contents and DNA content of the two bacteria was studied. The results showed that M-MCC treatment had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus, and delayed the time taken to reach the logarithmic phase compared with the untreated group. Furthermore, it resulted in obvious changes in extracellular conductivity and the contents of nucleic acid and protein, which was closely related to the treatment time. This study shows that M-MCC has great application potential as an antibacterial agent.

The objective of this study was to validate the preservation and bacteriostasis effects of a citral nanoemulsion on golden pomfret (Trachinotus ovatus) stored at 4°C, in comparison with sterile saline and blank nanoemulsion without citral addition, aiming at keeping the freshness of T. ovatus and enhancing the quality maintenance technology for aquatic products. The analysis of microbial composition revealed that Shewanella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were predominant spoilage organisms in T. ovatus (accounting for more than 90% of the total proportion during most storage time), when the citral nanoemulsion treatment led to an abundance decrease of Shewanella spp. and an increase of Pseudomonas spp. The total viable count (TVC) of fish samples treated with citral nanoemulsion consistently exhibited the lowest TVC values, surpassing the limit (7.0 log CFU/g) on Day 10, which was observed with a delay of 2–4 days compared to the other two groups. Meanwhile, the fish samples of the citral nanoemulsion group exhibited significantly reduced levels in total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and K value, with better attributes in texture and sensory evaluation. Furthermore, the Pearson analysis revealed highly significant correlations between TVC and these quality indices (correlation coefficients exceeding 0.9), underscoring the importance of microbial control in T. ovatus. These findings highlighted the potential application of citral nanoemulsion on the preservation and bacteriostasis of T. ovatus during refrigeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the anti‐inflammatory and bacteriostatic effects of hydrogen‐rich water (HRW) intake on Wistar rats with periodontitis. Methods: The periodontitis model of rats was established by silk ligature and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) solution smearing. The rats were divided into normal control group, model group, and HRW group. The rats in normal control group were given normal feeding without any intervention, while periodontitis was induced in the rats of model group and HRW group, and the rats were given HRW intake and normal saline, respectively, during the whole procedure of the experiments. The antibacterial effect and clinical symptoms (plaque index and gingival sulcus bleeding index (SBI)) were then observed, and peripheral blood (PB), gingival sulcus fluid, and jaw samples were collected to evaluate the changes of inflammatory factors and the curative effect. Results: In the rats of model group, alveolar bone resorption was obvious, which indicated that the rats with periodontitis were successfully constructed, and HRW intake mitigated it. Pg colony number of the rats fed with HRW was significantly lower than that of the model rats. The contents of proinflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in PB serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of rats in model group were significantly increased, and HRW intake reversed these and promoted the level of anti‐inflammatory factor interleukin‐10 (IL‐10). Conclusion: HRW can effectively inhibit the growth of periodontal pathogens and reduce inflammation and may be used to prevent or ameliorate periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To investigate and identify the antibacterial action and mechanism of rose essential oil (REO) against Aeromonas veronii isolated from Northern snakehead for the first time by the phenotypic and metabolic analysis. Methods and results The 2-fold broth microdilution and spread-plate method identified that the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of REO against A. veronii were 1.25 μl ml−1 and REO impaired the growth in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that REO possessed a significant bacteriostatic activity. Electron microscopy and live-dead cell staining found that REO caused a severe disruption of cellular morphology and increased the membrane permeability. Additionally, REO treatment induced the leakage of intracellular biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids from the bacteria. Metabolomics analysis showed that compared with the control, the REO treatment group exhibited a total of 190 differential metabolites (118 down-regulated and 72 up-regulated), which involved in the main metabolic pathways such as biotin metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, lysine degradation, and histidine metabolism and the TCA cycle. These results verified that REO disturbed the metabolic processes of A. veronii to achieve the bacteriostatic effect. Conclusion The rose essential oil exhibited the effective antibacterial activity against A. veronii via breaking the cellular structure, increasing the membrane permeation and disrupting the metabolic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Eugenol is the main antioxidant and antimicrobial component of essential oils, however, its volatility and water solubility limit its application. In this study, eugenol liposomes (Eug‐Lip) by the ethanol injection method. The average particle size of Eug‐Lip was measured to be between 40 and 70 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.2934, a potential between −30 and −60 mV, and an encapsulation rate of 87.12%. The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐based nanofiber membrane (Eug‐Lip‐NF) was prepared by the electrostatic spinning technique. This not only improved the water solubility and stability of eugenol, but also extended its release time and preserved its biological activity. The high‐voltage electric field facilitates the retention of the antioxidant ability of the membrane, as well as the inhibition of both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). These results indicate that the combination of liposome and electrostatic spinning technology provides feasibility and promise for eugenol in food and medicine fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To combine the activity characteristics of 18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid (18β‐GA) and anthraquinone compounds (rhein and emodin), reduce toxicity, and explore the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of anthraquinones, 18β‐GA‐anthraquinone ester compounds were synthesized by one‐step organic synthesis. The products were separated and purified by HPLC and characterized by NMR and EI‐MS. It was finally determined as di‐18β‐GA‐3‐rhein ester (1, New), GA dimer (2, known), 18β‐GA‐3‐emodin ester (3, known), and di‐18β‐GA‐1‐emodin ester (4, new). The MIC of three reactants and four products against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in vitro. Its developmental toxicity and cardiotoxicity were assessed using zebrafish embryos. The experimental results showed that rhein had the best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC50 of 2.4 mM, and it was speculated that –COOH, –OH, and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in anthraquinone compounds would enhance the antibacterial effect, while the presence of‐CH3 might weaken the antibacterial activity. Product 1 increased the hatching rate and survival rate of zebrafish embryos and reduced the malformation rate and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. This experiment lays the foundation for further studying the SAR of anthraquinones and providing new drug candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vitro evaluation method was used to study the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of extracts of Rhizoma imperataein in oral care products. Water, 50% ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone and petroleum ether were used as solvents to extract Rhizoma imperatae, which was added to the toothpaste of silica system. The periodontitis model of 20 5-week-old SD rats was established by "cutting the gum+wire ligation+drop into the bacterial culture of periodontitis patients+feeding with high sugar sticky food". The effects of extract from Rhizoma imperatae on periodontal pathogens Actinobacteria Aa, Porphyromonas gingivalis Pg, Fusobacterium nucleatum Fn, Puccinia intermedia Pi, Selenium class standard bacteria Tf, Puccinia melanogenes Pn, peripheral blood, inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid C-reactive protein CRP, tumor necrosis factor-α TNF-α, interleukin-1β IL-1β, interleukin-6 IL-6, prostaglandin E2 PGE2, and periodontal health indicators Plaque index PLI, depth of exploration PD, bleeding index BI of the rat periodontitis model were determined, and the acute oral toxicity experiment in mice was used to verify the safety of the extracts of Rhizoma imperatae used in oral care products. The results show that the extracts of Rhizoma imperatae can significantly reduce Aa, Pg, Fn, Pi, Tf, Pn, and reduce the expression of CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2. It has the activity of inhibiting periodontal pathogens, resisting periodontal inflammation, improving periodontal health, and is safe and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a natural preservative, nisin is widely used in the food industry, while its application in biomedicine is limited due to its susceptibility to interference from external conditions. In this study, a nanoparticle–hydrogel composite system was designed to encapsulate and release nisin. Nisin nanoparticles were identified with a smooth, spherical visual morphology, particle size of 122.72 ± 4.88 nm, polydispersity coefficient of 0.473 ± 0.063, and zeta potential of 23.89 ± 0.37 mV. Based on the sample state and critical properties, three temperature-sensitive hydrogels based on chitosan were ultimately chosen with a rapid gelation time of 112 s, outstanding reticular structure, and optimal swelling ratio of 239.05 ± 7.15%. The composite system exhibited the same antibacterial properties as nisin, demonstrated by the composite system's inhibition zone diameter of 17.06 ± 0.83 mm, compared to 20.20 ± 0.58 mm for nisin, which was attributed to the prolonged release effect of the hydrogel at the appropriate temperature. The composite system also demonstrated good biocompatibility and safety, making it suitable for application as short-term wound dressings in biomedicine due to its low hemolysis rate of less than 2%. In summary, our nanoparticle-based hydrogel composite system offers a novel application form of nisin while ensuring its stability, thereby deepening and broadening the employment of nisin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemopexin as an acute-phase protein binds heme with a high affinity and participates in a variety of processes of physiology and pathology. Hemopexin plays an important role in regulating inflammatory response by regulating pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, the hemopexin gene was identified from black rockfish. The open reading frame of the black rockfish hemopexin (SsHPX) gene was predicted and amplified. The different expression patterns of SsHPX in microbial-challenged tissues and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) were analyzed by RT-qPCR. The results indicated that SsHPX showed high evolutionary conservations in sequence and structure. The expression of SsHPX was significantly induced in a time-dependent manner in black rockfish intestine after Edwardsiella piscicida infection, while the evidently down-regulations were observed in the PBLs following the stimulations of two microbial ligands. The recombinant SsHPX protein (rSsHPX) exhibited microbial binding ability. In addition, rSsHPX could reduce bacterial proliferation with effect, thereby alleviating the inflammatory responses induced by bacteria. Moreover, almost all the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tnfα, il-1β, il-8 and il-17c) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) were inhibited in black rockfish intestine cells stimulated by the mixing solution of LPS + rSsHPX comparing with the group with LPS stimulation. Overall, this study provides a theoretical basis for investigating the key roles of an acute-phase protein hemopexin in bacteriostatic ability and inflammatory regulations in black rockfish during bacterial infection. These findings also contribute to a better understanding of the relatively stable and conserved biological function of hemopexin during species evolution.

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (2097-2806) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rapid wilting after harvest greatly decreases the ornamental and economic value of fresh-cut flowers. To determine how chlorine dioxide (ClO2) affects postharvest flower quality, Paeonia lactiflora 'Hushui Dangxia' cut flowers in bottles were treated with different concentrations of ClO2 (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L−1). Among the treatments, ClO2 75 (i.e., 75 mg L−1) decreased the bacterial growth and lignin content at the P. lactiflora flower stem base, while also decreasing the degree of flower stem vessel blockage. Additionally, the ClO2 75 treatment increased the relative fresh weight, water balance, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase), but decreased the malondialdehyde content and ethylene release rate of P. lactiflora cut flowers. Thus, the aging of P. lactiflora flowers was delayed, thereby maintaining the cut flower quality. Furthermore, the vase life (i.e., ornamental period) increased by three days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure characteristics of lignin were summarized・ The inhibitory mechanism of lignin on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was described, that is, the phenol hydroxyl group can promote the decrease of pH value around cells, thus destroying cell membranes, denaturating proteins, inhibiting the activity of respiratory system and electron transfer enzyme system of microbial cells, and achieving the inhibitory effect, while the reduction of molecular weight can increase the phenol hydroxyl group content of lignin・ The water solubility of lignin can be improved effectively with the increase of hydrophilicity ・ Based on the research status at home and abroad, the main methods to improve the antibacterial activity of lignin (depolymerization, fractionation, extraction of lignin and lignin-silver complex) were introduced, the methods for improving the antibacterial activity of lignin modified by different methods were discussed, and the prospect of improving the antibacterial activity of lignin was also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Detergent & Cosmetics is the property of Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Food safety incidents caused by bacterial contamination have always been one of the public safety issues of social concern. Planktonic cells, viable but non‐culturable (VBNC) cells, and biofilm cells of bacteria can coexist in food or food processing, posing more serious challenges to public health and safety by increasing bacterial survival and difficulty in detection. As a non‐toxic, no side effect, and highly effective bacteriostatic substance, nisin has received wide attention from researchers. In this review, we summarized the species and biosynthesis of nisin, the effects of nisin alone or in combination with other treatments on planktonic and biofilm cells, and its applications in the fields of food, feed, and medicine by consulting numerous studies. Meanwhile, the mechanism of nisin on planktonic and biofilm cells was proposed based on existing researches. Nisin not only has antibacterial activity against most G+ bacteria but also exhibits a bacteriostatic effect on G− bacteria when combined with other antibacterial treatments. In addition to planktonic cells, nisin also has significant effects on bacterial cells in biofilms by changing the thickness, density, and composition of biofilms. Based on the three action processes of nisin on biofilms, we summarized the changes of bacteria in biofilms, including the causes of bacterial death and the formation of the VBNC state. We consider that research on the relationship between nisin and VBNC state should be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to compare the antioxidant activity and bacteriostasis of ethanol extracts from Zizyphus jujuba leaves in main producing areas of Shanxi Province. The samples of Zizyphus jujuba leaves from main producing areas such as northern Shanxi, central Shanxi, southeastern Shanxi and southern Shanxi were collected, and the antioxidant active sites of Zizyphus jujuba leaves were screened by organic solvent extraction of ethanol extract method, and the antioxidant activity of different polar parts of Zizyphus jujuba leaves from different main producing areas were compared, and the bacteriostasis of ethanol extract aqueous solution of Zizyphus jujuba leaves was tested. The results showed that the total flavonoids content in the ethyl acetate phase of ethanol extract of Zizyphus jujuba leaves was the highest. Ethyl acetate phase has the strongest scavenging ability against ABTS radical and DPPH radical, which indicates that ethyl acetate phase was the strongest site of antioxidant activity. In different producing areas, the antioxidant activity of different polar parts of Zizyphus jujuba leaves in central Shanxi was the strongest, while that in southern Shanxi was the weakest. The aqueous solution of ethanol extract of Zizyphus jujuba leaves in Taigu District and Pingyao County has the strongest bacteriostatic effect. The study indicates that the ethanol extract of Zizyphus jujuba leaves in central Shanxi has higher antioxidant activity, and the ethyl acetate phase has higher antioxidant activity than other polar parts, and the aqueous solution of ethanol extract of Zizyphus jujuba leaves in central Shanxi has the strongest antibacterial and bactericidal effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the antibacterial effect of extracts of Astragalus membranaceus, Licorice, and Sophora alopecuroides and their compounds, water extraction was used to prepare single-dose extracts of Chinese herbal medicines, and nine different compounds were obtained according to L9(34) orthogonal design. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella were used as test bacteria for antibacterial test in vitro. The results showed that Astragalus membranaceus, Licorice, and Sophora alopecuroides had a certain antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella. Among the three different single extracts, Astragalus membranaceus had the best antibacterial effect on the three bacteria, followed by Licorice and Sophora alopecuroides. Compared with the single dose, the antibacterial effects of the three kinds of Chinese herbal medicines were improved as a whole, and the best ratios of antibacterial effects on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella were 1∶1∶2, 2∶2∶1 and 4∶1∶2, respectively. It was proved that when the ratio of the three Chinese herbal medicines was 1∶1∶2, the antibacterial effect was the best, and the diameter of the antibacterial zone of the compound against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella was 15.20, 14.10, and 12.92 mm, respectively. The results showed that in livestock production, it is suggested that the compound addition ratio of Astragalus membranaceus, Licorice, and Sophora alopecuroides water extracts should be 1∶1∶2, and the concentrations should be 0.6, 0.6, and 1.2 g/mL at this time, so as to maximize the antibacterial effect of Chinese herbal medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was a safe, efficient and feasible way to control diseases by antagonizing pathogenic bacteria with microorganisms. Screening and identification of microorganisms on the fruit surface were carried out in order to obtain a biological control strain that can effectively inhibit gray mold. Morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the biocontrol strain H-1 against Botrytis cinerea were analyzed, and combined with the 16S rDNA sequence analysis and gyrB gene sequence analysis to construct a phylogenetic tree. The antifungal effects of antagonistic H-1 on vitro and pear fruit surface were determined by plate confrontation method combined with fruit wound experiments. H-1 strain was identified as Bacillus velezensis. B. velezensis H-1 could significantly inhibit the hyphae growth of Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria tenuissima and Fusarium verticillioides on vitro, among which inhibitory effect on Botrytis cinerida hyphae was the strongest. Fruit wound experiments showed that 1x1011 CFU/mL of B. velezensis H-1 could completely inhibit the growth of Botrymyces on the surface of pear fruit. B. velezensis H-1 could effectively inhibit the occurrence of Botrytis cinerea in postharvest pear fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a natural preservative, nisin is widely used in the food industry, while its application in biomedicine is limited due to its susceptibility to interference from external conditions. In this study, a nanoparticle–hydrogel composite system was designed to encapsulate and release nisin. Nisin nanoparticles were identified with a smooth, spherical visual morphology, particle size of 122.72 ± 4.88 nm, polydispersity coefficient of 0.473 ± 0.063, and zeta potential of 23.89 ± 0.37 mV. Based on the sample state and critical properties, three temperature-sensitive hydrogels based on chitosan were ultimately chosen with a rapid gelation time of 112 s, outstanding reticular structure, and optimal swelling ratio of 239.05 ± 7.15%. The composite system exhibited the same antibacterial properties as nisin, demonstrated by the composite system’s inhibition zone diameter of 17.06 ± 0.83 mm, compared to 20.20 ± 0.58 mm for nisin, which was attributed to the prolonged release effect of the hydrogel at the appropriate temperature. The composite system also demonstrated good biocompatibility and safety, making it suitable for application as short-term wound dressings in biomedicine due to its low hemolysis rate of less than 2%. In summary, our nanoparticle-based hydrogel composite system offers a novel application form of nisin while ensuring its stability, thereby deepening and broadening the employment of nisin.

In order to improve the stability and bacteriostasis of patchouli essential oil, high-energy emulsification method was used to prepare patchouli essential oil nanoemulsion by using a mixture of tween 80, thiamine pyrophosphate and chitosan, its structure, particle size, ζ potential and polymer dispersity index were analysed. The results showed that the particle size of the newly prepared patchouli essential oil nanoemulsion was about 89.5 nm. The encapsulation rate of patchouli essential oil was 95.85%, and the retention rate remained above 85% for up to 7 days at room temperature. Furthermore, fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the droplets of the emulsion were spherical and the dispersion of oil droplets was relatively uniform. It was also showed that the patchouli essential oil was encapsulated in nanoemulsion based on the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction experiments. The results of the antioxidation and antibacterial experiments showed that the patchouli essential oil nanoemulsion exhibited a better oxidation stability, it had a good inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli within a period of 7 days. Altogether, patchouli essential oil nanoemulsion showed a better stability and bacteriostatic activity compared to pure essential oil, and had a broad application prospect in the fields of food preservation.

The use of endovascular stent-graft has become an important option in the treatment of aortic pathologies. However, the currently used endograft membranes have limited ability to prevent bacterial colonization. This makes them unsuitable for the treatment of mycotic aneurysms, as the infection is prone to progress after endograft implantation. Moreover, even in non-mycotic aortic pathologies, endograft infections can occur in the short or long term, especially for patients with diabetes mellitus or in immune insufficiency conditions. So, this study aimed to develop a kind of Ag-NPs-loaded endograft membrane by coaxial electrospinning technique, and a series of physical and chemical properties and biological properties of the Ag-NPs-loaded membrane were characterized. Animal experiments conducted in pigs confirmed that the Ag-NPs-loaded membrane was basically non-toxic, exhibited good biocompatibility, and effectively prevented bacterial growth in a mycotic aortic aneurysm model. In conclusion, the Ag-NPs-loaded membrane exhibited good biocompatibility, good anti-infection function and slow-release of Ag-NPs for long-term bacteriostasis. Thus, the Ag-NPs-loaded membrane might hold potential for preventing infection progression and treating mycotic aortic aneurysms in an endovascular way.

Copyright of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases is the property of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An increasing amount of sewage has been discharged into water bodies in the progression of industrialization and urbanization, causing serious water pollution. Meanwhile, the increase of nutrients in the water induces water eutrophication and rapid growth of algae. Photocatalysis is a common technique for algal inhibition and sterilization. To improve the utilization of visible light and the conversion efficiency of solar energy, more organic photocatalytic materials have been gradually developed. In addition to ultraviolet light, partial infrared light and visible light could also be used by organic photocatalysts compared with inorganic photocatalysts. Simultaneously, organic photocatalysts also exhibit favorable stability. Most organic photocatalysts can maintain a high degradation rate for algae and bacteria after several cycles. There are various organic semiconductors, mainly including small organic molecules, such as perylene diimide (PDI), porphyrin (TCPP), and new carbon materials (fullerene (C60), graphene (GO), and carbon nanotubes (CNT)), and large organic polymers, such as graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene (PTH), polyaniline (PANI), and polyimide (PI). In this review, the classification and synthesis methods of organic photocatalytic materials were elucidated. It was demonstrated that the full visible spectral response (400–750 nm) could be stimulated by modifying organic photocatalysts. Moreover, some problems were summarized based on the research status related to algae and bacteria, and corresponding suggestions were also provided for the development of organic photocatalytic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Developing an effective strategy to combat multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and promote wound healing without overuse of antibiotics remains an important and challenging goal. Herein, we established a synergistic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-mediated nanocatalytic therapy, which was consisted of a multifunctional Cu single-atom nanozyme loaded with the l -arginine (l -Arg@Cu-SAzymes) and a low level of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) as a trigger. l -Arg@Cu-SAzymes can possess excellent dual enzyme-like activities: catalase (CAT)-like activity that decompose H 2 O 2 into O 2 , and subsequent oxidase (OXD)-like activity that convert O 2 to cytotoxic superoxide anion radical (•O 2 −). Meanwhile, l -Arg@Cu-SAzymes can also be triggered by H 2 O 2 to release nitric oxide (NO), which can continue to react with •O 2 – to generate more lethal peroxynitrite (ONOO−). Collectively, the synergistic ROS and RNS mediated by l -Arg@Cu-SAzymes endow the treatment system with an outstanding antibacterial ability against MDR bacteria and reduce the inflammation at the wound site. Furthermore, l -Arg@Cu-SAzymes-mediated NO and O 2 release promote the cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and the angiogenesis, as well as facilitate macrophage polarization to reparative M2 phenotype, thereby accelerating wound closure and tissue remodeling. Therefore, l -Arg@Cu-SAzymes-based synergistic nanocatalytic therapy can be regarded as a promising strategy for MDR bacterial infected wounds treatment, owing to their potent antibacterial efficacy and enhanced tissue remodeling effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Packaging & Food Machinery is the property of Packaging & Food Machinery Magazine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products is the property of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of polysaccharides from Stropharia rugosoannulata in Bo'ai County and the antibacterial and antioxidant activities were analyzed. On the basis of single factor experiments, with the polysaccharide yield as response value, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of polysaccharides from Stropharia rugosoannulata in Bo'ai County was optimized using Box-Behnken experimental design with three factors and three levels. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the polysaccharides extracted from Stropharia rugosoannulata in Bo'ai County were determined using the double dilution method and the plate coating method, respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined using ABTS method and FRAP methods. The results showed that the optimal ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions were 62 ℃ (ultrasonic temperature), 1:30 g/mL (solid-liquid ratio) and 62 min (ultrasonic time). Under these conditions, the average yield of polysaccharide was 13.25%, which agreed well with the predicted value of 13.35%, the relative error was 0.75%. Among the five common pathogenic bacteria tested, the polysaccharide extract showed the strongest inhibitory effect on Salmonella typhimurium with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 6.25 mg/mL and the minimum bactericidal concentration of 12.5 mg/mL. Meanwhile, the polysaccharide extract showed strong ability to scavenge ABTS+ free radicals and reduce Fe3+, and showed dose-effect relationship within a certain concentration range, although weaker than the positive control (VC) at the same concentration. The results suggested that the regression models were stable and feasible for polysaccharide extraction from Stropharia rugosoannulata in Bo'ai County and the extract had strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities, but its antibacterial effect was selective.

At present, effective fixation and anti-infection implant materials represent the mainstay for the treatment of open fractures. However, external fixation can cause nail tract infections and is ineffective for fixing small fracture fragments. Moreover, closed reduction and internal fixation during the early stage of injury can lead to potential bone infection, conducive to bone nonunion and delayed healing. Herein, we designed a bone adhesive with anti-infection, osteogenic and bone adhesion fixation properties to promote reduction and fixation of open fractures and subsequent soft tissue repair. It was prepared by the reaction of gelatin (Gel) and oxidized starch (OS) with vancomycin (VAN)-loaded mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) covalently cross-linked with Schiff bases. Characterization and adhesion experiments were conducted to validate the successful preparation of the Gel-OS/VAN@MBGNs (GOVM-gel) adhesive. Meanwhile, in vitro cell experiments demonstrated its good antibacterial effects with the ability to stimulate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) proliferation, upregulate the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteogenic proteins (RunX2 and OPN) and enhance the deposition of calcium nodules. Additionally, we established a rat skull fracture model and a subcutaneous infection model. The histological analysis showed that bone adhesive enhanced osteogenesis, and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the number of inflammatory cells and bacteria was significantly reduced. Overall, the adhesive could promote early reduction of fractures and antibacterial and osteogenic effects, providing the foothold for treatment of this patient population.

Marine fish are rich in minerals (calcium and iron), vitamins (riboflavin and niacin), nutrients that are beneficial for brain (fatty acids), docosahexaenoic acid that prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and are an important source of protein for humans. In recent years, the nexus between the increased demand of high-quality protein and the decrease in marine fishery resources resulted in the intensification of marine farming. However, this high-density farming has led to various bacterial diseases frequently due to lack of disease control methods, which has caused economic losses in the farming industry and impeded the healthy development of the industry. Therefore, it is particularly important to reduce the rates of bacterial diseases and improve the survival rate of cultured fish. It is of particular concern on how to maintain intestinal health of cultured fish under this farming method. Probiotics, a kind of living microorganisms, are beneficial to the health of the host. In the 1980s, probiotics have been viewed as an environmentally friendly and effective product in aquaculture; they improve the host health by influencing intestinal microbiota and nonspecific immunity to increase disease resistance ability. Moreover, they can be used as an ideal substitute for antibiotics in aquaculture production. Probiotics from Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomyces, and nitrobacteria are diverse, and the function of each varies widely. As the typical representative of probiotics, lactic acid bacteria, may inhibit the growth of pathogens by the production of its metabolites, such as lactic acid, acetic acid, peroxide hydrogen, and bacteriocin. Lactic acid bacteria are also able to balance intestinal microecological imbalance and maintain intestinal microbiota balance when the intestinal microbiota contains pathogenic bacteria or the host is treated with antibiotics. Bacillus is an aerobic or facultative anaerobic gram-positive bacteria, which is stable, possesses strong stress resistance and high resurrection rate, and can produce various macromolecules, such as proteases and amylases and thus can improve the digestive function of the host by promoting the absorption of nutrients. Furthermore, as a non-specific immune antigen, Bacillus can improve the immune resistance of the host by stimulation of the components of cells or cell walls. The application of lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus has demonstrated favorable results, but this has been limited in marine fish culture because the non-fish origin of some strains and the different specificity of strains for different fish species or the same growth stage make their application difficult. Thus, it is essential to develop marine fish-derived probiotics, analyze their characteristics, define growth conditions, verify safety effects, and determine dosage and methods for their administer in marine fish culture. In this study, probiotics from marine fish were screened for the development of microbial ecological agents; 80 strains of culturable bacteria were obtained by separating bacteria from the mucosa samples of the digestive tract of wild Sebastes schlegelii and Hexagrammos otakii. The enzyme-producing ability of the strains was determined using a selective culture medium. The common pathogenic bacteria infecting marine fish were selected as indicator bacteria to determine the antibacterial activity of the isolated strains. Two potential probiotics, strains TS2 and TH8, were screened, and their physiological and biochemical identification, 16S rDNA sequence, growth characteristics, and host safety were determined. The results showed that TS2 had the strongest ability to hydrolyze starch, protein, and fat, and its sterile culture products could significantly inhibit the growth of Vibrio anguillarum, V. parahaemolyticus, V. Harvey, and Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens. TH8 has the strongest ability to hydrolyze protein and fat, and its sterile culture products could significantly inhibit the growth of V. anguillarum, V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, P. nigrifaciens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphyloccocus aureus, and Escherichia coli. According to the analysis of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the bacteria and 16S rDNA sequence alignment analysis, strain TS2 was identified as Bacillus subtilis and strain TH8 as Vagococcus fluvialis. Strain TS2 showed significant growth at 15–40 ℃, sodium chloride concentration of 0–0.08 g/L, and pH of 5–9; it entered the logarithmic phase after 6 h and the stable phase after 26 h. TH8 grew rapidly at 20–40 ℃, sodium chloride concentration of 0–0.08 g/L, and pH of 5–12; it entered the logarithmic phase after 2 h and the stable phase after 14 h. The safety of strains TS2 and TH8 was analyzed on a homologous host, and it was found that the strains were relatively safe for the homologous host at the concentration of 108 CFU/mL. The screened B. subtilis TS2 and V. fluvialis TH8 strains have a strong enzyme production ability and inhibit the growth of various pathogens by their metabolites; they have the following advantages: Wide temperature and salt tolerance, acid and alkali resistance, and fast growth speed. Thus, they could be considered as potential probiotic candidates for the development of microbial pharmaceuticals and can be used in more applications in marine aquaculture.

Objective: By analyzing bacteriostasis and efficacy, the possibility of Artemisia argyi extract to be a plant extract preservative is clarified. It provides a message for the development of natural non-irritating plant extract preservative. Methods: Water and ethanol extracts of A. argyi were prepared. The content of its main active components was determined. Its inhibitory effect and stability on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were analyzed. Antioxidant activity, ultraviolet absorption capacity and security were also discussed. Results: The ethanol extract of A. argyi had a significant inhibitory effect on the two kinds of bacteria, which was related to the content of active components to some extent. Temperature and UV irradiation had no significant effect on antibacterial activity, while pH had a greater effect on antibacterial activity. At the concentration of 0.96 mg/mL, ethanol extract of A. argyi leaves could eliminate 98% of DPPH and ABTS free radicals, and more than 50% of superoxide anion and hydroxyl free radicals. When the concentration was 0.5 mg/mL, the two extracts had good ultraviolet absorption capacity. The HET-CAM test showed that the extract of A. argyi had high security at the concentration of 62.5 mg/mL. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of A. argyi has good and stable bacteriostatic effect, certain antioxidant activity, ultraviolet absorption performance and security.

Objective: The effects of ginkgo powder on the physicochemical indexes of wheat flour, as well as the nutrition, sensory, texture, cooking quality and bacteriostasis of noodles were studied. Methods: The physicochemical, nutritional and microbial indexes of flour and noodles were determined by instrumental analysis and chemical analysis respectively. And the sensory indexes of noodles were evaluated by sensory method. Results: The results showed that adding 0~18% ginkgo powder to wheat flour could reduce dough stability time, falling number wet and gluten content. It could increase the water absorption, whiteness of wheat flour, the taste and hardness of noodles. The contents of protein, dietary fiber, fat and ash in noodles showed an upward trend. The total number of bacteria in noodles showed a downward trend. When the appropriate addition amount of ginkgo powder in wheat flour was 12%, the elasticity, chewiness, sensory quality and cooking quality of noodles reached the maximum. Conclusion: Ginkgo powder could improve the sensory quality, nutritional value, preservation and freshness of wheat flour noodles, which has good application value in wheat flour noodles.

Rapid wilting after harvest greatly decreases the ornamental and economic value of fresh-cut flowers. To determine how chlorine dioxide (ClO2) affects postharvest flower quality, Paeonia lactiflora ‘Hushui Dangxia’ cut flowers in bottles were treated with different concentrations of ClO2 (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L−1). Among the treatments, ClO2 75 (i.e., 75 mg L−1) decreased the bacterial growth and lignin content at the P. lactiflora flower stem base, while also decreasing the degree of flower stem vessel blockage. Additionally, the ClO2 75 treatment increased the relative fresh weight, water balance, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase), but decreased the malondialdehyde content and ethylene release rate of P. lactiflora cut flowers. Thus, the aging of P. lactiflora flowers was delayed, thereby maintaining the cut flower quality. Furthermore, the vase life (i.e., ornamental period) increased by three days.

Aerobic fermentation is an effective technique for the large-scale processing of tobacco waste. However, the specificity of the structure and composition of tobacco-derived organic matter and the toxic alkaloids in the material make it currently difficult to directly use microbial agents. In this study, a functional strain FYZ1-3 was isolated and screened from thermophilic phase samples of tobacco waste composting. This strain could withstand temperatures as high as 80°C and grow normally at 0.6% nicotine content. Furthermore, it had a strong decomposition capacity of tobacco-derived starch and protein, with amylase activity of 122.3 U/mL and protease activity and 52.3 U/mL, respectively. To further understand the mechanism of the metabolic transformation of the target, whole genome sequencing was used and the secondary metabolite gene cluster was predicted. The inhibitory effect of the strain on common tobacco fungi was verified using the plate confrontation and agar column methods. The results showed that the strain FYZ1-3 was Bacillus subtilis, with a genome size of 4.17 Mb and GC content of 43.68%; 4,338 coding genes were predicted. The genome was annotated and analyzed using multiple databases to determine its ability to efficiently degrade starch proteins at the molecular level. Moreover, 14 functional genes related to nicotine metabolism were identified, primarily located on the distinct genomic island of FYZ1-3, giving a speculation for its nicotine tolerance capability on the molecular mechanism. By mining the secondary metabolite gene cluster prediction, we found potential synthetic bacteriocin, antimicrobial peptide, and other gene clusters on its chromosome, which may have certain antibacterial properties. Further experiments confirmed that the FYZ1-3 strain was a potent growth inhibitor of Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus sydowii, A. fumigatus, and Talaromyces funiculosus. The creation and industrial use of the functional strains obtained in this study provide a theoretical basis for its industrial use, where it would be of great significance to improve the utilization rate of tobacco waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]