Search

Background and objective: School-based sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education is often reported as being inadequate and/or inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the educational interventions for promoting SRH in school counselors and compare the results in three groups: lecturing, buzz group and role-play. Materials and methods: An intervention quasi-experimental design was employed to evaluate the usefulness of educating SRH topics by using interactive teaching methods for 120 school counselors. Changes in the participants' knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy toward SRH education were evaluated by each group using a pretest and a posttest. Results: The results of this study revealed that 75% of counselors deemed SRH training vital and felt that the best SRH educators are health care providers and the reason might be their lack of educational skills. They also stated that the most significant barriers to education in schools include concerns about parental feedback and lack of appropriate abilities. Conclusion: The present study showed that the use of all three methods (lecturing, buzz groups and role-play) in SRH training improves the level of knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy; although role-play could have been more effective than lecturing in improving counselors' knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buzz is an unwanted and inevitable phenomenon occurring due to the subcritical operation of intake which needs a comprehensive understanding. The buzz pattern in axisymmetric intakes differs from 2D counterpart and requires further investigation. The current study emphasizes the ways of buzz formation and its sustenance at supersonic speeds. In the present study URANS simulations have been done for various throttling ratios to simulate the engine demand conditions. It has been found that the onset of intake buzz happens for anything above the throttling ratio of 0.54. An active flow control technique using plasma actuator was used here to mitigate the influence of buzz. The study also emphases on the impact of plasma power densities on the intake performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buzz is an unwanted and inevitable phenomenon occurring due to the subcritical operation of intake which needs a comprehensive understanding. The buzz pattern in axisymmetric intakes differs from 2D counterpart and requires further investigation. The current study emphasizes the ways of buzz formation and its sustenance at supersonic speeds. In the present study URANS simulations have been done for various throttling ratios to simulate the engine demand conditions. It has been found that the onset of intake buzz happens for anything above the throttling ratio of 0.54. An active flow control technique using plasma actuator was used here to mitigate the influence of buzz. The study also emphases on the impact of plasma power densities on the intake performance.

Using the vortex-resolving RANS/ILES method, the flow in a paired model supersonic air intake (SAI) of mixed compression with a boundary layer (BL) bleed system is investigated. The influence of the type of BL bleed system and throttling of each of the SAI on the flow characteristics, the level and spectra of pressure pulsations in the neighboring SAIs is analyzed. Cases with the same and different throttling in each of the SAIs, as well as a common and individual bleed system for neighboring SAIs, are considered. A brief description of the calculation method and boundary conditions is given. The levels of OASPL in the SAI are presented depending on the degree of throttling. The influence of throttling of one of the SAIs on the flow and features of the 1/3-octave spectra of pressure pulsations in the neighboring SAI is revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The role of sounds produced by free‐flying insects is challenging to research due to technical difficulties in obtaining audio recordings suitable for playback experiments. Experimental studies using flight sounds are needed to understand if buzzes carry information and by whom it is perceived. We developed the ‘buzzOmeter system’ for recording untethered, flying insects in their habitat, followed by file processing that allows precise measurements of acoustic parameters, including those dependent on the distance of the sound source from the microphone, that is signal magnitude measurements. The system consists of commercially available elements and open source software. We provide a practical guide for the assembly and use of two alternative setups of the buzzOmeter system, followed by a video tutorial on file processing and an R script for the assignment of audio recordings to the corresponding species based on mixture discriminant analysis. Recordings of nine insect species (bees, wasps and lepidopterans) obtained with the use of our system in various habitats demonstrate its feasibility for field studies. Diverse species interactions are based on sound, and our new tool can aid researchers studying acoustical signalling in predator–prey, pollinator‐plant and mimic‐model complexes, among others.

The paper focuses on the role of distributed mechanisms in cognitive processes. It discusses the results of research in economics, geography and organization theory on the spatial concentration of actors in innovative industries. Although geographic economics and other disciplines have demonstrated a relationship between geographic concentration and inventiveness and innovation, they have not offered explanation in terms of mechanisms. Employing the concept of distributed mechanisms, this article proposes a reinterpretation of concepts such as buzz and the knowledge spillover effect that geography and economics refer to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-speed air intakes often exhibit intricate flow patterns, with a specific type of flow instability known as 'buzz', characterized by unsteady shock oscillations at the inlet. This paper presents a comprehensive review of prior research, focused on unraveling the mechanisms that trigger buzz and its implications for engine stability and performance. The literature survey delves into studies concerning complex-shaped diffusers and isolators, offering a thorough examination of flow aerodynamics in unstable environments. Furthermore, this paper provides an overview of contemporary techniques for mitigating flow instability through both active and passive flow control methods. These techniques encompass boundary layer bleeding, the application of vortex generators, and strategies involving mass injection and energy deposition. The study concludes by discussing future prospects in the domain of engine-intake aerodynamic compatibility. This work serves as a valuable resource for researchers and engineers striving to address and understand the complexities of high-speed air induction systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of sounds produced by free‐flying insects is challenging to research due to technical difficulties in obtaining audio recordings suitable for playback experiments. Experimental studies using flight sounds are needed to understand if buzzes carry information and by whom it is perceived.We developed the 'buzzOmeter system' for recording untethered, flying insects in their habitat, followed by file processing that allows precise measurements of acoustic parameters, including those dependent on the distance of the sound source from the microphone, that is signal magnitude measurements. The system consists of commercially available elements and open source software.We provide a practical guide for the assembly and use of two alternative setups of the buzzOmeter system, followed by a video tutorial on file processing and an R script for the assignment of audio recordings to the corresponding species based on mixture discriminant analysis. Recordings of nine insect species (bees, wasps and lepidopterans) obtained with the use of our system in various habitats demonstrate its feasibility for field studies.Diverse species interactions are based on sound, and our new tool can aid researchers studying acoustical signalling in predator–prey, pollinator‐plant and mimic‐model complexes, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study illustrates neglected elements of knowledge transfer from trade fairs to industrial clusters. Based on a case study of the knowledge interactions between a trade fair and a furniture industrial cluster in China, the article presents several non-pipeline-based knowledge creation and diffusion mechanisms that have been downplayed in existing literature. Major findings of this article include that, first, trade fairs do not exist in isolation from each other; rather, they are hierarchically related with each other mainly by unidirectional knowledge flows. Trade fairs in different hierarchical levels have distinct market or technology positioning, meeting variegated knowledge needs of inferior fair participating firms. Second, trade fairs are not simply places where exhibiting firms from afar meet and establish "global pipelines"; rather, due to the openness of the market they offer opportunities for many nonexhibiting (but visiting) firms to gain critical knowledge at the site and the vicinity (including back regions) of trade fairs. Third, if trade fairs are in geographical proximity to industrial clusters, they are connected not necessarily by established global pipelines, but rather by improvised unique knowledge spillovers in the local space that are neither typical local nor global buzz. Findings suggest that existing literature has paid much attention to the pipelines of trade fairs as temporary clusters while downplaying their attribute as an open market that can facilitate more spillovers of (quasi) public knowledge both at and beyond the fair venue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Here, we discover a player in root development. Recovered from a forward‐genetic screen in Brachypodium distachyon, the buzz mutant initiates root hairs but they fail to elongate. In addition, buzz roots grow twice as fast as wild‐type roots. Also, lateral roots show increased sensitivity to nitrate, whereas primary roots are less sensitive to nitrate.Using whole‐genome resequencing, we identified the causal single nucleotide polymorphism as occurring in a conserved but previously uncharacterized cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK)‐like gene. The buzz mutant phenotypes are rescued by the wild‐type B. distachyon BUZZ coding sequence and by an apparent homolog in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, T‐DNA mutants in A. thaliana BUZZ have shorter root hairs.BUZZ mRNA localizes to epidermal cells and develops root hairs and, in the latter, partially colocalizes with the NRT1.1A nitrate transporter. Based on qPCR and RNA‐Seq, buzz overexpresses ROOT HAIRLESS LIKE SIX‐1 and ‐2 and misregulates genes related to hormone signaling, RNA processing, cytoskeletal, and cell wall organization, and to the assimilation of nitrate.Overall, these data demonstrate that BUZZ is required for tip growth after root hair initiation and root architectural responses to nitrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Due to their Arctic habitat and elusive nature, little is known about the narwhal (Monodon monoceros) and its foraging behaviour. Understanding its ability to catch prey is essential for understanding its ecological role, but also to assess its ability to withstand climate changes and anthropogenic activities. Narwhals produce echolocation clicks and buzzing sounds as part of their foraging behaviour and these can be used as indicators of prey capture attempts. However, acoustic data are expensive to store on the tagging devices and require complicated post-processing. The main goal of this paper is to predict prey capture attempts directly from acceleration and depth data. The aim is to apply broadly used statistical models with interpretable parameters. The ultimate goal is to be able to estimate prey consumption without the more demanding acoustic data. Results We predict narwhal buzzing activity using mixed-effects logistic regression models with 83 features extracted from acceleration and depth data as explanatory variables. The features encompass both instantaneous values as well as delayed values to capture behavioural patterns lasting several seconds. The data correlations were not strong enough to predict the exact timing of the buzzes, but were reliably able to detect buzzes within a few seconds. Most of the of the buzz predictions were within 2 s of an observed buzz (68%), increasing to 94% within 30 s. Conversely, 46% of the observed buzzes were within 2 s of a predicted buzz, increasing to 82% within 30 s. Additionally, the model performed well, although with a tendency towards underestimation of the number of buzzes per dive. In total, we predicted 17, 557 buzzes versus 25, 543 observed across data from 10 narwhals. Classifying foraging and non-foraging dives yielded a precision of 86% and a recall of 91%. Conclusion We conclude that narwhal foraging estimation through acceleration and depth data is a valid alternative or supplement to buzz recordings, even when using somewhat simple statistical methods, such as logistic regression. The methods in this paper can be extended to foraging detection in similar marine species and can aid instrument development.

Background: Due to their Arctic habitat and elusive nature, little is known about the narwhal (Monodon monoceros) and its foraging behaviour. Understanding its ability to catch prey is essential for understanding its ecological role, but also to assess its ability to withstand climate changes and anthropogenic activities. Narwhals produce echolocation clicks and buzzing sounds as part of their foraging behaviour and these can be used as indicators of prey capture attempts. However, acoustic data are expensive to store on the tagging devices and require complicated post-processing. The main goal of this paper is to predict prey capture attempts directly from acceleration and depth data. The aim is to apply broadly used statistical models with interpretable parameters. The ultimate goal is to be able to estimate prey consumption without the more demanding acoustic data. Results: We predict narwhal buzzing activity using mixed-effects logistic regression models with 83 features extracted from acceleration and depth data as explanatory variables. The features encompass both instantaneous values as well as delayed values to capture behavioural patterns lasting several seconds. The data correlations were not strong enough to predict the exact timing of the buzzes, but were reliably able to detect buzzes within a few seconds. Most of the of the buzz predictions were within 2 s of an observed buzz (68%), increasing to 94% within 30 s. Conversely, 46% of the observed buzzes were within 2 s of a predicted buzz, increasing to 82% within 30 s. Additionally, the model performed well, although with a tendency towards underestimation of the number of buzzes per dive. In total, we predicted 17, 557 buzzes versus 25, 543 observed across data from 10 narwhals. Classifying foraging and non-foraging dives yielded a precision of 86% and a recall of 91%. Conclusion: We conclude that narwhal foraging estimation through acceleration and depth data is a valid alternative or supplement to buzz recordings, even when using somewhat simple statistical methods, such as logistic regression. The methods in this paper can be extended to foraging detection in similar marine species and can aid instrument development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomato is one of the crops that require buzz pollination, for which a pollinator vibrates the tubular anthers for pollen to be released. This process is efficiently carried out by wild bees, whose distribution varies according to the geographical location and the particular characteristics of the different agroecosystems. The pollination network associated with tomato fields located in an agricultural area of ​​ Cuba was determined by field observations. In addition, it was studied whether pollination influences tomato yield, through exclusion experiments and comparing the characteristics of the fruits obtained in the presence or absence of pollinators. The pollination network consisted of 241 interactions between 12 plants, including tomato, adjacent crops such as papaya and pumpkin, and ruderal species, and 11 floral visitors, fundamentally bees, with 5 species involved. Tomato flowers were almost exclusively visited by the bee species Exomalopsis pulchella, capable of buzz pollination. Species of the genus Exomalopsis are frequent pollinators of tomato in the Neotropic. This denotes a temporary specialization in the use of tomato´s floral resources by Exomalopsis pulchella. Apis mellifera was not detected visiting tomato flowers, despite being present in the pollination network associated with the studied agroecosystem. Pollination significantly increased the dimensions of tomato fruits. Exomalopsis pulchella also visited the ruderal plants Asteraceae sp., Commelinaceae sp. and Milleria quinqueflora. This should be taken into account in the management of the ruderal plant communities that surround the tomato fields, in order to promote and guarantee the presence of the main pollinator of this crop.

High-speed air intakes often exhibit intricate flow patterns, with a specific type of flow instability known as ‘buzz’, characterized by unsteady shock oscillations at the inlet. This paper presents a comprehensive review of prior research, focused on unraveling the mechanisms that trigger buzz and its implications for engine stability and performance. The literature survey delves into studies concerning complex-shaped diffusers and isolators, offering a thorough examination of flow aerodynamics in unstable environments. Furthermore, this paper provides an overview of contemporary techniques for mitigating flow instability through both active and passive flow control methods. These techniques encompass boundary layer bleeding, the application of vortex generators, and strategies involving mass injection and energy deposition. The study concludes by discussing future prospects in the domain of engine-intake aerodynamic compatibility. This work serves as a valuable resource for researchers and engineers striving to address and understand the complexities of high-speed air induction systems.

In this paper we provide a description of the project DrIVE-MATH, highlighting the main goals, intellectual outputs, outcomes, the involved partners, and activities and reports from the three-years’ project. At the end we discuss the impact of the new proposed Education models at various levels, from students, to HEIs, to stakeholders.

By-catch is the most direct threat to marine mammals globally. Acoustic repellent devices (pingers) have been developed to reduce dolphin by-catch. However, mixed results regarding their efficiency have been reported. Here, we present a new bio-inspired acoustic beacon, emitting returning echoes from the echolocation clicks of a common dolphin 'Delphinus delphis' from a fishing net, to inform dolphins of its presence. Using surface visual observations and the automatic detection of echolocation clicks, buzzes, burst-pulses and whistles, we assessed wild dolphins' behavioural responses during sequential experiments (i.e., before, during and after the beacon's emission), with or without setting a net. When the device was activated, the mean number of echolocation clicks and whistling time of dolphins significantly increased by a factor of 2.46 and 3.38, respectively (p < 0.01). Visual surface observations showed attentive behaviours of dolphins, which kept a distance of several metres away from the emission source before calmly leaving. No differences were observed among sequences for buzzes/burst-pulses. Our results highlight that this prototype led common dolphins to echolocate more and communicate differently, and it would favour net detection. Complementary tests of the device during the fishing activities of professional fishermen should further contribute to assessment of its efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For odontocetes, passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) can be used to differentiate between occurrence and foraging through analysis of click characteristics. Feeding buzzes and navigation/searching echolocation clicks of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) were differentiated within C‐POD data from northwest Ireland between 2009 and 2017. The spatiotemporal distribution of foraging behavior was investigated using generalized additive modelling, at multiple temporal scales. Both the presence/absence of buzzes and foraging intensity (defined by buzz:click ratios) were determined. Feeding buzzes were identified in one third of porpoise positive hours, ranging from 15% in summer, to 40% in autumn, highlighting seasonal variation irrespective of porpoise occurrence. Complex interannual variation in foraging behavior was also shown across the time series. A strong nocturnal peak in foraging intensity was observed. We found increased porpoise foraging with dolphin species detections within the same hour, and a negative impact of construction activities, involving both impulsive and broadband noise. Results highlight the value of long‐term acoustic time series, by quantifying variation, and show that extracting foraging behavior from occurrence data can help to unravel habitat use patterns, responses to disturbance, and seasonal changes in behavior. Understanding when and how a species uses an area can better inform marine spatial planning and help mitigate anthropogenic impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulsed signal trains comprising clicks, buzzes, and burst-pulses play important roles in the life activities of odontocetes, but they have not been distinguished in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins. Underwater vocalizations of this species were recorded from 27 September to 2 October 2019 in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. Pulsed signal trains were detected with variations in the pulsed signal number (range of 6–76), mean inter-pulse interval (IPIs_m: 0.1–315 ms), and mean duration (D ranged from tens to thousands of milliseconds). Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis based on six acoustic parameters in the pulsed signal trains identified three categories of trains designated as clicks, burst-pulses, and buzzes. Buzzes and burst-pulses (different from those described in previous research) were detected for the first time in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins in China. The results indicated that the IPIs_m was longest for clicks but shortest for buzzes, and the D values were longer for both clicks and burst-pulses than buzzes. The three train types could be identified based on the IPIs_m, with threshold values of 4.9 and 15.5 ms. The significant variations in the three vocalization types were related to surface behaviors, and buzzes could have a special function in foraging by this species, thereby requiring further research. These findings may facilitate future quantitative evaluations of the echolocation performance in wild Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins and provide important guidance regarding acoustic observations and the identification of this species.

When a movement occurs on the Internet, it often affects the real world. For example, “buzz,” as a positive phenomenon, and “flames,” as a negative one. Therefore, it is important to understand social phenomena on the Internet for social marketing. However, large scale diffusion events on the net may not reflect real-world phenomena; that is, there may be segregation between online opinions and actual opinions. Therefore, data analysis is needed to determine whether internet phenomena affect the real world. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the phenomenon of bursts in the Twitter demo over the Public Prosecutor’s Office Act. We found that 50% of tweets and retweets are posted by only 2% of users; that is, the volume of the tweets is overstated. However, the Twitter demo was supported by a diverse community; that is, the Twitter demo was not only a noisy minority phenomenon. The analysis presented in this paper can also be applied to other burst phenomena such as flames and buzz, and may be useful to analyze the effect of social marketing.

This paper presents a novel approach to capture 'buzz', the vibrancy and knowledge exchange propensity of localised informal communication flows. Building on a conceptual framework based on relational economic geography, we argue the content of buzz may allow to probe into the character of places and investigate what is 'in the air' within regional entrepreneurial milieux. In particular, we analyse big data to listen for the presence of buzz about innovation – defined by discursive practices that reflect an innovative atmosphere – and explore how this may influence regional firm creation. Using information from 180 million geolocated Tweets comprising almost two billion words across NUTS3 regions in the UK for the year 2014, our results offer novel evidence, robust to different model specifications, that regions characterised by a relatively higher intensity of discussion and vibrancy around topics related to innovation may provide a more effective set of informal resources for sharing and recombination of ideas, defining regional capabilities to support and facilitate entrepreneurial processes. The findings contribute to the literature on the intangible dimensions in the geography of innovation and offer new insights on the potential of natural language processing for economic geography research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is devoted to violations in the speech sphere of the characters in the novel Голубое сало by Vladimir Sorokin. The characters of the novel suff er from mental disorders, which are manifested in their letters and dialogues. V. Sorokin uses obvious grammatical errors in Chinese characters, Chinese in Cyrillic (since one of the main characters does not accept Russian language), German, French, English (English in Cyrillic, or contamination of English and Russian within one lexeme) ), occasional words, repetitions, speech “stuttering”, specifi c use of numerals, lack of speech symmetry in sentences, etc. The absurdity of the characters’ speech has some hidden meaning, refl ecting the subconscious experiences and mental states (including mental deviations) of the characters.

This article shows how India's popular Hindi cinema markets celebrity actors to promote films where they only appear in supporting roles. Focusing on promotional images of Shah Rukh Khan and Aishwarya Rai Bachchan from two 2016 Bollywood releases, we consider how 'studio actions' build on existing celebrity profiles to entice audiences to films. The combined promotion of these stars' on- and off-screen personas and their ability to transcend Hindi cinema affords them a base of fans that increases their celebrity status across India, its diasporas and globally. As a marketing strategy, the 'studio actions' approach has its antecedents in Hollywood and is clearly aimed at increasing box office revenues. The highly visible inclusion of Khan and Rai on promotional materials creates a 'buzz' that reminds audiences of the star's past successes and hints at the promise of seeing them again for an extended screen time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract— Supersonic intake buzz is a type of shock oscillation that could occur at any supersonic inlet of an aircraft and which can alter the mass flow and pressure at inlet. It may lead to combustion instability also. A lot of experiments have been performed to understand the buzz characteristics while visualizing the flow characteristics through flow visualization techniques. Also, there have been a great effort and research to understand the supersonic buzz phenomenon through numerical simulation with the help of computational software packages. There could be different parameters affecting the buzz. Some of them was discovered by the researchers all over the world. Intake buzz distortion get substantially affected by change in angle of attack. Decrease in throttle area was also found to produce prominent effect on buzz by increasing its dominant frequency. The suppression of buzz has become a topic of active research. The suppression of buzz can help in increasing the efficiency of supersonic inlet and efficient compression, so can result in benefit of increasing the economic output and reducing the fuel consumption. Intake performance was found to be increased with small cowl deflection and by the use of buzz predictor and margin controller. Buzz could be controlled by deflecting the air in an advantageous way and generating a weaker gradient at inlet lip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how entrepreneurial opportunities co-evolve within a sustainable entrepreneurship ecosystem (SEE). Most of the literature on entrepreneurial ecosystems falls short on integrating the entrepreneurial process in empirical research. To analyze data collected from pre-start-up teams within a nascent SEE on high-tech cellulose-based materials over 3 years, we apply a design science approach that helps understand actors' collaborative sensemaking in designing and structuring ecosystem features and relationships. Our findings show that the SEE can be seen as a design artifact which evolves by ecosystem actors collectively engaging in new venture ideation and developing opportunity confidence. Furthermore, the paper presents a novel SEE framework, which elaborates on phases and enablers of the opportunity co-evolution process within an emerging ecosystem. We contribute to the literature on sustainable as well as general entrepreneurial ecosystems and offer a new theoretical foundation for a process view on ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to analyze the brand loyalty formation by positive labeling. Affecting such factors as involvement, self-image, community engagement, preference, and choice cutback, positive labeling can be seen as one of psychological factors that shapes consumer’s behavior and their decision. This study was carried out because little research was done to examine the influence of positive labeling toward brand loyalty, and also to find out the benefits that consumers can get from being labeled in positive terms. Data were collected through survey questionnaire and 151 usable responses were used. Following a series of pretests and confirmatory factor analysis helped to purify measures and verify the psychometric properties of the scale. Structural equation modeling with AMOS was used for testing of research hypotheses. The result of data analysis demonstrated the positive relationship between labeling and brand loyalty, i.e. positive labeling indirectly leads to consumers’ loyalty toward a brand. Findings revealed significant relationship between involvement and emotional attachment, as well as the relationship between community engagement and choice cutback. The results gave support for the hypothesis of moderating effect of buzz on the relationship between involvement and emotional attachment, even though the hypothesis of moderating effect of distinction was rejected. Taking Apple’s rivalry strategy as initial point, this study highlights the role of labeling in creating social identity. The study attempts to show the positive consequences of labeling strategy for firms that seeks ways of good competition without engaging into conflicts.

This article surveys the literature to explore whether and how internet technologies and applications such as social network sites (SNS) support social interactions and, through them, knowledge transfers at different spatial scales and settings. By employing concepts from economic geography and combining them with ideas and empirics from urban sociology, business, and media studies, this article informs urban thinking about the underpinning mechanisms behind SNS-mediated vis-à-vis face-to-face knowledge-related interactions and how they mirror but also challenge established spatial patterns of knowledge spillovers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)/Implicit Large Eddy Simulation (ILES) method is applied to analyze the effect of variable heat capacity on the flow characteristics and pressure pulsation spectra for various operation modes of a model high-speed air intake. The dependence of the heat capacity on temperature is described by a fourth-degree polynomial. The calculation method and the technique for calculating the high-order heat capacity on the faces of the computational cells consistent with the technique for calculating flow parameters are briefly outlined. The calculations are performed under the incoming flow temperature corresponding to real flight conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the RANS/ILES high-resolution method application for studying the influence of a nonuniformity of the inflow temperature field on the throttle characteristics of a supersonic mixed compression inlet, and the intensity and spectral characteristics of pressure pulsations in the inlet duct. Five cases of inflow parameters are investigated, three of which have a nonuniform temperature field. The sound pressure level distributions in the inlet duct and the pressure pulsation spectra at points on the inlet walls are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike a limited number of success stories of industrial clusters such as Silicon Valley and the Third Italy, many local industrial clusters in advanced economies are shrinking due to severe international competition. Some firms, however, continue to be resilient even in struggling clusters. This paper argues that managing a balanced web of trust‐based "pipelines" and "buzz" in the glocal relational space – balancing detachment and embeddedness – plays a crucial part in the success of these firms. In recent decades, economic geography has had a significant focus on intra‐ and inter‐firm pipelines and buzz inside and outside the cluster. Theoretical debates on the topic have flourished. However, empirical case studies, particularly from Japan, are limited. This study attempts to fill the gap through a longitudinal case study of leading firms in a local industry – the glove‐related industry of Shikoku, Japan. The paper suggests that bringing together the flying geese theory with the pipeline and buzz concept furthers our understanding of the processes at work. The study's results suggest that successful firms – "the lead geese" – manage long‐held pipelines as well as newly established ones in the glocal relational space. The paper concludes that it is forward‐looking, international‐oriented leading firms which have the potential to make the cluster resilient in sales and employment rather than the cluster taking the dominant role itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many social media handbooks recommend targeting customers’ close connections and encouraging consumers to spread the word about their products and services among friends. But according to the findings of this research this strategy might not be the most effective way to build positive momentum. In fact, it might just do the opposite. The feelings of closeness that WOM senders experience toward their recipients determine what they share. Being close instills the desire to protect a recipient from having a bad experience. Therefore, communicating negative information, which highlights potential negative outcomes or attributes of a product, becomes more likely to be shared among close friends. In relations with loose acquaintances the motive to impress is more prevalent. Therefore, communicating positive information, which is more likely to shed a positive light on the WOM sender, is more likely to be shared in such instances. To encourage positive WOM for seeding campaigns, marketers should select the right platform and monitor closeness. Further, by framing the context of the campaign in the right way, they can also insure more positive WOM for a brand.

Presidential elections, by their nature, provoke fierce debates. During the 2017 French campaign the heated exchange between C. Angot and F. Fillon attracted public attention: that “clash” was making a “buzz”. Our attention was first caught by the terminology recurrently used by the media: in which ways are “clashes” and “buzzes” different from but also similar to old rhetorical mechanisms? And, more specifically, would New Rhetoric’s sensitivity to historical relativity shed some light on the issue? At first, we assumed that, polemic being a typical argumentative situation, there was no incompatibility between that theoretical framework and the study of a concrete polemical exchange. Of course, New Rhetoric doesn’t focus on polemical exchanges; we do, however, share Nicolas’ unease at saying that Perelman idealizes philosophical agreement (e.g. Nicolas, 2015a, § 7). After addressing that issue and the ambivalence of Perelman’s position, we will say a few words about the end / consequence dis-tinction.

While previous research on clusters has shed light on innovation at macro and meso levels, little research has explored the impact of co-location for individual creativity. Additionally, the significance of tranquility and solitude for creativity also remains largely unexplored. To explore these two aspects, this paper examines forces that matter for the creativity of game workers in Shanghai. The results manifest that, online platforms and learning through projects play a noticeable role for the individual creativity of game developers. While the value of co-location and local buzz has been stressed much in the literature, it turns out to be less significant for the creativity of most creative workers. Similarly, the role of attending temporary events is found to be less important as it claimed to be. Whereas research on the impact of tranquility and solitude for individual creativity has not been taken up sufficiently in economic geography, this research attaches high value to places and moments that creative workers can retreat from the buzzy environment to recover from attention fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to understand temporary spatial proximity beyond temporary clusters, and to analyse rationales for the use of various spatial settings for temporary spatial proximity in the work processes of knowledge-intensive services. To contrast different types of temporary spatial proximity two basic types, 'Meet and Mingle' and 'Move and Manage', are identified. On the basis of qualitative interviews in knowledge-intensive sectors in six German cities, the distinct use of three types of spatial settings (workplaces, transit places and retreat places) to create the targeted temporary spatial proximity type of 'Move and Manage' is analysed. The paper discusses how such settings contribute to creating a specific atmosphere to support the work processes of knowledge-intensive services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on a specific strategy that developers of mobile applications may use to stimulate demand: The release of updates. We develop a theoretical analysis that shows that developers have incentives to release updates when experiencing a drop in performance. The predictions of the model are then tested using an unbalanced panel of top 1,000 apps in iTunes and Google Play for five European countries. We estimate that while in iTunes the release of an update stimulates a 26% increase in download growth, in Google Play updates play a less significant role. This difference is partly due to systematic differences in apps and in developers operating in the two stores ("selection effect"), and partly to a lack of quality control on apps and updates in Google Play ("quality check effect"). These findings highlight the crucial importance of an appropriate management of updates as well as the relevance of institutional characteristics of the app stores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We address the problem of progressively deploying a set of robots to a formation defined as a point cloud, in a decentralized manner. To achieve this, we present an algorithm that transforms a given point cloud into an acyclic directed graph. This graph is used by the control law to allow a swarm of robots to progressively form the target shape based only on local decisions. This means that free robots (i.e., not yet part of the formation) find their location based on the perceived location of the robots already in the formation. We prove that for a 2D shape it is sufficient for a free robot to compute its distance from two robots in the formation to achieve this objective. We validate our method using physics-based simulations and robotic experiments, showing consistent convergence and minimal formation placement error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transonic control surface buzz is an obstacle in the designing and using processes of modern aircraft, which can cause damages or serious deformation of the control surface. The limitation of previous investigations on transonic buzz is that they failed to predict the instability boundaries, which are key parameters to aircraft designers. In this paper, towards the typical buzz cases (A/B/C types), the inducing flow and structure conditions as well as the physical meaning of these parameters are studied by using the ROM-based aeroelastic analysis model and CFD/CSD time domain simulation method. Relevant results show that these buzzes are all the result of the instability on the structural branch owing to the coupling effect between the least-stable fluid mode and the structural mode. The eigenvalue analysis further reveals that the occurrence of transonic buzz requires the followings: (i) the stability margin of the flow is low enough (often near transonic buffet onset and offset conditions); (ii) the structural frequency is between those of zero-pole points of the open-loop Bode graph. This study helps to understand the physics and to propose new suppression methods for transonic buzz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]