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Raising awareness to combat scams has become a central strategy of fraud/scam prevention. Using data from a wider evaluation of a targeted campaign to improve fraud prevention and awareness for older adults predominantly over 75, this paper offers findings on the most effective means of dissemination of anti-scam communications to this group. The paper draws upon almost 1000 questionnaire responses and qualitative data from older adults, as well as volunteers and workers involved in the project. The research finds many older adults have not received any fraud prevention or awareness communications in the prior six months, illustrating a gap in fraud prevention messaging reaching this group. The paper also shows that the preferred method of dissemination is one-to-one through friends and family and that is also the case for the most isolated. The paper offers some potential solutions to address these gaps, particularly for lonely older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the influence of electoral manifestos on the online communication of electoral candidates. Our study addresses electoral candidates' conflict between party discipline and individual issue prioritisation. Building on the salience framework, we examine the thematic congruence between manifestos and online communication. Moreover, we test which issues are emphasised during the 2017 German federal election campaign. To this end, we created an original topic dictionary based on party manifestos. Applying the dictionary, we classify 143,969 tweets by 797 candidates. Our analyses demonstrate that manifestos shape the online communication of electoral candidates substantially. The findings show that electoral candidates of left–wing parties focus on core issues over time. Our results not only highlight the authority of party leadership, but also suggest that politicians do not tap the whole potential of online communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-Mao reforms ranging from de-collectivization to the abolition of agricultural taxes have eroded the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) control over the rural periphery. However, with an agenda to strengthen the CCP's all-around control over the economy and society, the Xi Jinping era saw a reversal of the long-term trend. We argue that Xi's high-profile anti-poverty campaign from 2015 to 2020 consisted of massive Party building attempts and served as an important strategy for the Party to repenetrate the rural periphery. Based on in-depth fieldwork, archival research, and secondary information sources, we show that by injecting human and financial resources into poverty regions, the CCP reinvigorated its previously underfunded and demoralized grassroots organs, expanded rural Party member recruitment, and enhanced the Party's intervention in village affairs. Therefore, despite its seemingly economic nature, Xi's anti-poverty campaign may lead to the long-lasting effect of Party power consolidation in the countryside. This finding suggests that authoritarian regimes can use campaigns with appealing policy goals to advance broader political agendas and enhance authoritarian resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practices of insurgent or bottom-up planning, of community-based organisations, networks and social movements are understood to be peripheral to the dominant paradigm of planning in southern contexts. Yet there is a lot of knowledge collectively held and coproduced within and through these practices, which are also sites of knowledge production. This paper reflects on the process of coproduction of knowledge within a campaign for equitable urban planning in Delhi – Main Bhi Dilli Campaign. The campaign brings together urban actors with diverse positionalities – informal worker's and resident's collectives, researchers and academic actors, social movements, and civil society organisations, across sectors and lived experiences. In this paper we ask: how does co-production of knowledge take place at the scale of the city, and within a campaign with diverse membership and priorities? We reflect on the role of academic actors in such coproduction of knowledge. We draw from the archival material of the campaign produced through prolonged dialogue and practice-based research. We focus on one particular knowledge product that the campaign has produced called the Factsheets. Factsheets are 4-page documents that simply provide an overview of the theme (such as informal livelihood, housing, gender), and what the Master Plan can do to address the gaps in planning that exist. We use the 'factsheets' produced through the campaign, as an artefact of co-production, as a site that holds the processes of coproducing knowledge together. We reflect upon the processes of holding, contesting and channeling multiple knowledges within the campaign, highlighting the value of these internal processes for coproduction of knowledge. While the exact format and material may not be translatable in contexts with different social and political realities, we argue that the processes of coproducing knowledge for action while in a diverse coalition are useful across contexts for more equitable urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Group B arbovirus is the cause of Japanese encephalitis (JE), with a 20–40% case fatality rate, is spread by the culicine mosquito.¹ Due to the rise in incidence reported in Karnataka, JE immunization campaign with inactivated JENVAC vaccine was conducted in December 2022 in 10 Karnataka districts including Kalaburagi, an undeveloped district vaccinating children aged 1-15 years.² Objectives: To evaluate vaccine coverage and the challenges faced among children in Kalaburagi city, following the campaign. Materials & Methods: 210 children were chosen using 30*7 cluster sample method.3 Eligible children residing at Kalaburagi city were included, although recently immigrated and immunized residents of surrounding talukas were not. This survey was conducted two months following the campaign. JE vaccination status was assessed using a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire from reliable informants.SPSS software version 16 was used for analysis after the data were entered into an Excel sheet. Statistical tests like Chisquare, frequency and percentage were used. Results: Of the 210 children, the majority were younger than five years old. Estimated vaccine coverage was 68.6% with the major reason being unawareness followed by hesitancy for vaccination with no significant association with sociodemographic factors. Conclusion: Raising awareness through the media and medical professionals contributes to the vaccination’s ability to lower the prevalence of JE and vaccinating nonvaccinators unless contraindicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyzes the public communication strategies used in the campaign to utilize biogas from livestock manure as renewable energy. This research understands the effectiveness of public communication strategies in raising public awareness about the potential of renewable energy from animal waste. The research method used is a qualitative approach, campaign theories, such as innovation diffusion theory and participatory communication theory, to analyze the effectiveness of the communication strategies used. Data were collected through interviews with campaign-related stakeholders, direct observation, and analysis of related documents. The results showed that public communication strategies were used, such as counseling, workshops, social media campaigns and mass media, successfully increasing the understanding of public interest in the utilization of livestock manure biogas. The campaign "Green Energy Revolution: Biogas for a Sustainable Future." The campaign will focus on promoting the utilization of biogas from livestock manure as an environmentally friendly and sustainable renewable energy solution. The findings provide insights into the development of effective public communication strategies in supporting the utilization of biogas, livestock manure as a renewable energy source at the local level. This research contributes to positive, sustainable policy and program development promoting animal manure renewable energy. A better understanding of effective public communication strategies, it is expected that the community will be more involved and supportive of efforts to create a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy future [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Group B arbovirus is the cause of Japanese encephalitis (JE), with a 20–40% case fatality rate, is spread by the culicine mosquito.1 Due to the rise in incidence reported in Karnataka, JE immunization campaign with inactivated JENVAC vaccine was conducted in December 2022 in 10 Karnataka districts including Kalaburagi, an undeveloped district vaccinating children aged 1-15 years.2 Objectives: To evaluate vaccine coverage and the challenges faced among children in Kalaburagi city, following the campaign. Materials & Methods: 210 children were chosen using 30*7 cluster sample method.3 Eligible children residing at Kalaburagi city were included, although recently immigrated and immunized residents of surrounding talukas were not. This survey was conducted two months following the campaign. JE vaccination status was assessed using a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire from reliable informants.SPSS software version 16 was used for analysis after the data were entered into an Excel sheet. Statistical tests like Chisquare, frequency and percentage were used. Results: Of the 210 children, the majority were younger than five years old. Estimated vaccine coverage was 68.6% with the major reason being unawareness followed by hesitancy for vaccination with no significant association with sociodemographic factors. Conclusion: Raising awareness through the media andmedical professionals contributes to the vaccination’s ability to lower the prevalence of JE and vaccinating nonvaccinators unless contraindicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background To improve the efficient use of scarce resources, low- and middle-income countries and development partners are increasingly encouraged to deliver multiple vaccines and other interventions in a single integrated campaign. However, little is known regarding the cost of delivering vaccines through integrated campaigns, and the extent to which efficiencies are achieved. To fill this evidence gap, we estimated the cost of integrated immunization campaigns in Nigeria and Sierra Leone, and the potential savings from integration. Methods We conducted a retrospective ingredients-based costing study from a payer perspective of a campaign held in 2019 in Sierra Leone with measles-rubella vaccine and oral polio vaccine, during which nutrition supplements were also offered in part of the country, and yellow fever campaigns held in three states in Nigeria in 2019 and 2020, where in one state (Anambra) meningococcal A vaccines were co-delivered. We collected data from 108 health facilities, all relevant administrative levels, and implementing partners. We estimated the full financial and economic cost of each campaign, the average unit cost of delivery, as well as the cost by activity and resource type. We also estimated the cost savings from integration in Anambra state by modelling out the cost of the alternative of two standalone campaigns. Results The average financial delivery cost was $0.34 per dose in Sierra Leone, and the economic cost was $0.73 per dose. In Nigeria, the financial cost per dose was $0.29–$0.35 across the three states, and the economic cost per dose was $0.62–$0.85. Facilities and wards delivering more doses achieved a lower financial and economic unit cost of delivery, demonstrating evidence of economies of scale. We estimated that Anambra may have saved at least $1,204,133 in financial resources by integrating yellow fever and meningitis A vaccine delivery, amounting to $0.17 per dose delivered. When including opportunity costs, the economic cost saving was estimated at $0.34 per dose delivered. Conclusions The study offers evidence on what it costs to deliver integrated campaigns, and shows that integrated delivery is likely to result in significant cost savings. Where high delivery volumes can be achieved, integrated campaigns can benefit from economies of scale. The findings can be used to inform planning and budgeting for immunization campaigns in low- and middle-income countries.

The legislator primarily uses institutions and implements campaigns to achieve effective governance. Institutions foster regularized implementation, while campaigns, which are organized courses of action with some level of coercion to achieve specific goals, happen ad hoc and achieve quick but transient results. This paper fills theoretical gaps in the social sciences by systematically exploring how campaigns can enhance institutions and how regularized campaigns as a new institution creates persistent effects beyond the periods when campaigns are actively ongoing. We theorize that institutions can become ineffective when special interests capture the bureaucracy, in which case campaigns are needed to weaken the regulated entities’ bargaining power. Using an original firm-level dataset, we test our theory on industrial firm responses to changes in air pollution regulation in China and find that the higher-contributing the firms, the more standard violations they committed before the central government started waging waves of campaigns but not after. This suggests that when bureaucratic capture undermines the promise of institutions, campaigns can improve compliance, and their effects can persist when regularized.

The objective of the article was a systematic review of all those articles that have been published mainly in Africa, Europe, Asia and America, which address issues related to raising awareness through campaigns in the school environment, specifically between the years 2018 - 2023. Therefore, two different types of analysis were developed. Regarding the first type of analysis, this was quantitative and focused on the language, country of origin, number of authors and approach. The qualitative analysis allowed us to identify four approaches within the articles analyzed: activations as a tool for awareness campaigns, importance of awareness campaigns for a better quality of life, attitudes of students towards the problem and attitudes of agents with authority. within the school environment. Finally, it was found that raising awareness benefits the prevention of a problem or negative situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public campaigns offer an opportunity to prevent child sexual abuse by raising awareness and promoting help available to bystanders, victims, and those at risk of perpetrating the abuse. This paper explores the impact of The Lucy Faithfull Foundation's 'Stop It Now!' campaign in the UK (2015–2018) on help-seeking. Helpline calls (11,190 unique callers), website analytics (109,432 new website visitors) and three website-hosted surveys (N = 252) provided data on help-seeking, awareness, and self-reported behavior. Results indicated that there were more visitors to the help website during active campaigning periods, and helpline callers and website visitors were more likely to seek help after viewing campaign materials during active than non-active campaign periods. Help-seekers were predominantly men concerned about their own behavior. Survey 2 respondents concerned about their own behavior (n = 53) indicated that their awareness of the law (75.5%), and legal and personal consequences (67.9%) had changed after hearing about the campaign, and 66% reported a change in behavior. Public health campaigns may be an effective way to promote help-seeking and prevent abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) can have a significant impact on health and quality of life but may remain undiagnosed due to low awareness and underestimation of the clinical impact of the symptoms. An online screening tool supported by media campaigns might increase awareness and help detect undiagnosed cases of EDS and narcolepsy. The aim of this study was to develop an online screening method, along with a media campaign focusing on EDS, and evaluate its feasibility. Methods: Online screening supported by a media campaign targeting young and middle-aged adults (18-45 years old) were developed and implemented over a period of 1 year starting from November 2022. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used to identify EDS, and the Swiss Narcolepsy Scale was used to identify narcolepsy. In addition, the data on sociodemographic characteristics, selected sleep and health indicators and lifestyle behaviors were collected to indicate the etiology of the EDS. Feasibility, e.g., implementation and practicality, was assessed by the response rate, response to the promotion strategy, time spent on the tool, sample characteristics, and the prevalence of identified EDS and narcolepsy cases. Results: A total of 2,390 people opened the screening link; 568 of them completed the online screening (23.8%), and most of them (n = 437, 76.9%) left their contact data to receive feedback. We identified 171 (30.1%) respondents at risk of EDS and 61 (10.7%) at risk of narcolepsy. The mean time of the screening was 15 min. Conclusion: An online screening tool supported with a campaign seems to be a feasible way to increase awareness about EDS and prevent delayed detection of EDS cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Besides serving as a source of state revenue, excise is applied to reduce cigarette consumption and minimize the negative impacts it causes. The illegal cigarettes poses a serious threat to the effectiveness of excise functions. DJBC collaborates with local governments throughout the Republic of Indonesia to vigorously enforce actions against illegal cigarettes and to conduct public awareness through Gempur Rokok Ilegal campaigns program. However, the circulation of illegal cigarettes remains quite high. This has prompted researchers to evaluate the campaign messages. This study aims to evaluate the messages of the campaign to provide input for the formulation of future campaign messages. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection is conducted through observations, interviews, and literature studies. The data obtained are then analyzed using the Elaboration Likelihood Model. The results indicate significant differences between campaign messages conveyed through face-to-face socialization activities and those conveyed through printed media. The messages content in printed media only provides informative messages without containing persuasive content. The public is provided with information about the characteristics of illegal cigarettes and how to report them, but they are not given adequate information and rational reasons that lead to attitude and behavior changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than half of all men do not seek professional help for depression, suicide and anxiety. Although media-based campaigns represent a promising health promotion intervention to improve male help-seeking, it is unclear what communication strategies in extant mental health media-based campaigns are effective for men. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize information about the effectiveness of these campaigns on male help-seeking outcomes. A search was conducted of electronic databases and gray literature. Studies were eligible if they examined the effectiveness of a media-based campaign targeting male help-seeking attitudes, beliefs, intentions or behaviors in relation to mental disorders, distress, suicide or self-harm. Twenty-two studies of varying quality met the eligibility criteria. Most studies targeting mental health or depression were found to positively influence male help-seeking. There were mixed results for suicide prevention campaigns. Some evidence suggests that overall, brochure-based campaigns impact help-seeking. The use of male or mixed-gender campaign imagery produced similar results. The choice of message framing appeared to influence help-seeking outcomes. Despite substantial heterogeneity in campaign approaches and difficulties isolating the effects of campaign delivery from messaging, the review indicates that media-based campaigns can play a role in improving male help-seeking for mental health difficulties. Mounting evidence suggests that messaging and delivery should align with male communication preferences. However, high-quality, targeted research is required to evaluate the circumstances in which various campaign delivery and messaging components are effective in improving male help-seeking for poor mental health and suicidality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a distinctive strategic model (Strategic Confrontational and Collaborative Interaction Model [SCCIM]) for nonprofit organizations acting within the business ecosystem. The SCCIM maps both confrontational and collaborative strategies and tactics, thus accommodating the extensive range of nonprofit interaction alternatives toward business. Whereas confrontational and collaborative methods are well researched in the nonprofit-political realm, a comprehensive overview of these nonprofit strategies in the economic sphere is currently lacking. This research builds on both the business management and social movement literature, extending existing approaches via case analysis with a nonprofit-centric perspective, leveraging stakeholder theory. The resulting encompassing model provides a theoretical framework that may generate alternative insights for further academic research in nonprofit–business interaction. In addition, the SCCIM may be leveraged as a tool for practitioners: first, to enhance nonprofits' strategies and tactics toward business, and second, to optimize the impact of the chosen interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : The National Malaria Elimination Programme implements the mass LLIN Distribution Campaigns in Ghana. Implementation science promotes the systematic study of social contexts, individual experiences, real-world environments, partnerships, and stakeholder consultations regarding the implementation of evidence-informed interventions. In this paper, we assess the core elements of the mass LLIN distribution campaign in a resource constrained setting to learn best implementation practices. Three core domains were assessed through the application of Galbraith's taxonomy (i.e., implementation, content, and pedagogy) for evidence-informed intervention implementation. Methods: Six districts in two regions (Eastern and Volta) in Ghana participated in this study. Fourteen Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted across these communities. Eligible participants were purposively sampled considering age, occupation, gender, and care giving for children under 5 years and household head roles. All audio-recorded FGDs were transcribed verbatim, data was assessed and coded through deductive and inductive processes. NVivo software version 13 was used for the coding process. Themes were refined, legitimized, and the most compelling extracts selected to produce the results. Results: Sixty-nine (69) caregivers of children under 5 years and sixty (60) household heads participated in the FGDs. All caregivers were females (69), whilst household heads included more males (41). Core elements identified under implementation domain of the LLIN distribution campaign in Ghana include the registration and distribution processes, preceded by engagement with traditional authorities and continuous involvement of community health volunteers during implementation. For pedagogy domain, core elements include delivery of intervention through outreaches, illustrations, demonstrations, and the use of multiple communication channels. Core elements realized within the content domain include information on effective malaria prevention, and provision of information to enhance their self-efficacy. Yet, participants noted gaps (e.g., misuse) in the desired behavioural outcome of LLIN use and a heavy campaign focus on women. Conclusion and recommendations: Although the implementation of the mass LLIN distribution campaigns exhibit components of core elements of evidence informed interventions (implementation, content and pedagogy), it has not achieved its desired behavioural change intentions (i.e. continuous LLIN use). Future campaigns may consider use of continuous innovative pedagogical approaches at the community level and lessons learnt from this study to strengthen the implementation process of evidence-based health interventions. There is also the need for standardization of core elements to identify the number of core elements required within each domain to achieve efficacy. Ethical approval: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ghana Health Service Ethics Review Committee (GHS-ERC: 002/06/21) before the commencement of all data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solutions to the cats‐hunting‐wildlife environmental conflict could benefit from social science approaches. Our Theory of Planned Behavior questionnaire—informed by an elicitation survey of cat owners at veterinary clinics about their attitudes, norms, and beliefs regarding bringing their cats inside at night—surveyed 158 cat owners across 20 veterinarian clinics in four cities. It revealed that wildlife conservation was not influential on cat owner intention but veterinarians, cat safety, peers, and household members were. Thus, we designed a social marketing campaign with two treatments: (1) a veterinarian/cat safety message or (2) social/family norm message. Thirty‐four veterinary clinics received one of the two campaign posters or served as the control group. Customers (n = 510) received a "cat welfare" survey and then a pamphlet with the advocated message, and a follow‐up survey by email or telephone 3–6 weeks later (69% response rate). Campaign messaging significantly increased the number of cat owners who reported bringing their cats inside at night compared to the control group. The social/family norm message was most effective. Although rudimentary, the campaign generated measurable changes in cat owner intention and behavior. Conservation campaigns informed by co‐benefits for cat owners may reduce cats' hunting and be conciliatory ways of transcending environmental conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we focus on how the issue strategies of political leaders are influenced by an external shock that completely changes the public agenda of the election campaign. The 2022 Hungarian parliamentary election campaign is a unique case to investigate this question, as Russia attacked Ukraine six weeks before the election day (April 3, 2022). The study aims to investigate whether the campaign's issue strategies changed due to this shocking event, and if so, what are the main directions of the changes. The examination relies on a manual content analysis of Hungarian party leaders' Facebook posts during the campaign, covering both the period before and after the outbreak of the war. First, based on the literature, we distinguish between different issue strategies such as issue ownership, issue stealing, "riding the wave," and multi-issue and issue-poor strategies. We categorize political leaders' issue strategies based on their issue focus before and after the external shock. Our results show that while war, economy, and foreign policy play a greater role in the communication of most political actors after February 24, there are remarkable differences between political actors. The communication of opposition party leaders seems to persist with their original issue strategies (issue-poor and multi-issue campaigns), while Viktor Orbán clearly changed his focus immediately after the invasion of Ukraine and ran a "riding the wave" campaign with a focus on war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To attract public attention, presidential and vice-presidential candidates conduct campaign activities as a form of introduction and delivery of their work programs through 'sweet message and promise'. In delivering these messages, intentionally or unintentionally, sometimes the candidates use language that is less polite. This is interesting to study from the aspect of politeness. Therefore, the researchers were interested in examining the language politeness This research was conducted using descriptive research approach. The theory used was Leech's politeness principle. The research data were in the form of expressions containing the maxims of politeness sourced from TikTok social media campaign showed and obtained using documentation techniques with the instrument of documentation study guidelines. Then, the data were processed using the extra lingual pairing method. From the results of the study, it is concluded that the maxim of generosity is the most widely used maxim in the campaign for the election of the president and vice president of Indonesia for the 2024 elections. Through the use of this maxim, candidates try to humble themselves in the hope of gaining public sympathy so as to get a lot of votes and win the contestation. The contemporary context, the specific application of politeness theory to political campaigns on a modern social media platform became the novelty of this study. By pursuing these avenues, future researchers can deepen the understanding of political communication strategies and their effects on the electorate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the use of the appraisal system, especially the attitude subsystem, and the judgement of appraisal in the political campaign slogans of legislative candidates in Tuban Regency. There have been many studies on political campaign slogans, but similar studies using appraisal theory have not been found. In fact, appraisal system analysis can help text readers understand the attitudes and judgments of text creators towards the things they communicate. The data in this study were analyzed using appraisal system theory. The data were obtained through the listening method and analyzed using the referential pairing method. The results show that judgment is the most widely used attitude subcategory in slogans. This shows that the advertisement creators emphasize judgment on human behavior, both towards themselves and others (society). Meanwhile, the most dominant subject and object of judgment is the legislative candidates themselves as slogan creators. This finding shows that legislative candidates in Tuban Regency tend to make subjective claims about their own qualities without quoting or displaying opinions from other parties in their political advertisements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marketers have traditionally utilized celebrities to boost brand appeal by attracting attention and increasing memory rates, which is true in politics. However, research on the impact of celebrities on politics is new, and results are varied as to whether their endorsements and statements help in changing voters' attitudes and behaviors. This study aimed to explore the effect of celebrity endorsement for a political party or celebrity candidate on people's voting behavior. This is a mixed methods study. A community-based cross-sectional design was adopted for the study at Kolkata port and Maniktala constituencies (authors refer to Kolkata city) in the Kolkata district of West Bengal. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data in this study using NVivo 12, whereas data entry and analysis were carried out with the help of Excel and Stata for quantitative data. About 16% of respondents reported being entirely influenced by the actor or actress's election campaign. In contrast, 24% are not affected. Three-fifths of the respondents are somewhat influenced. It may be inferred that celebrity endorsement in political campaigns is one of the main elements determining the likelihood of a particular political party or candidate winning or losing an election. At the same time, it cannot always be since various individuals have varied perspectives about each party, and not everyone supports a party or candidate just because their favorite celebrity endorses it. More study is needed to understand this neglected arena of research. Thus, this article focuses on credibility as a key dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of emotions in politics has often been relegated to the background. However, emotions are part of cognitive processes and play a particularly important role in political communication. Emotions in politics are also influenced by cultural characteristics. Since the role of emotions in politics is usually studied in the context of political communication and becomes evident in political campaigns, especially during election periods, this study examines how the dominant emotional tendencies in the social structure are reflected in the political sphere. In the study, in which the most watched campaign ads of the 6 parties that received the highest number of votes in the election results were analyzed with the MAXQDA program, the general conclusion was reached that the emotions dominant in the social structure also find a place in the political field. However, it was found that the preferred emotional conveyances of the ruling and opposition parties of political parties are different; in addition, the ideological tendencies of the parties and their positions (such as ruling, and opposition) also determine the preferred emotion conveyance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The election of Muyiwa Oki in 2022 as the youngest, the first worker and the first Black president of the Royal Institute of British Architects signified a break with a centuries-old status quo. The open and vocal campaign, led by a wide collective of early-career architects and built environment professionals, contrasted with the traditional behind-the-scenes machinations of an established architectural elite. This narrative aims to report the foundations of the campaign by plotting the chronological movements of the constituent activists both within and without the institute. We examine the mechanisms through which we were able to leverage our collective positions to tip the balance of power in favour of a youth-led movement founded on conditions of social and ecological justice. We reflect on changing voting rules, establishing governance positions, consolidating public perception, exerting pressures by grassroots campaigners, and finally challenging the status quo of the traditional seat of architectural power. We discuss the campaign's strengths in operating in a transparent and open manner. We present key learnings about the levers of power within established learned societies and professional institutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a new theory for analyzing ethno-nationalist settlement from a perspective that has not yet been studied, which I term a "demographic campaign." This refers to a phenomenon of geopolitical strategic settlement that is evidenced by historical case studies. These cases form the basis for a model, which will then be applied to Palestinian settlement in Firing Zone 918, which is situated in Area C in the South Hebron Hills. To establish the theory, I will employ the complex systems model alongside settlement models used by many Israel studies researchers. This theory helps understand how non-violent ethnic and nationalist struggles to shape future borders are waged, and how frontier settlement occurs in disputed areas, along with analyzing the Palestinian Authority's struggle to shape its future borders by settling Area C. The concept of the demographic campaign could create an opening for future researchers to analyze settlement enterprises from a geographical and demographic perspective, but also and primarily, from a systemic and strategic perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the #StopTheStigmaEM campaign, emphasizing its use of social media to bolster mental health support for emergency medicine (EM) professionals. It highlights efforts to reduce stigma, enhance accessibility to resources, and foster collaboration among various EM organizations through themed content and data-driven engagement strategies.

This case study examines the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) efforts over the past 3 years through #StillServing, a movement to highlight the stories and voices of veterans who continue to serve their communities in various ways, provide avenues for communities to coalesce around volunteerism, and attract younger generations for a wider range of engaged veterans. With an overarching goal to amplify the perception of the VFW as a place for dedicated veterans of all stripes to continue their service to country and their communities, the campaign spotlights men and women who exemplify the best of what it means to be a VFW member through storytelling emphasizing diversity, tenacity, and an enduring commitment to serve. Informed by findings from individual interviews conducted with a diverse group of U.S. military veterans, targeted messages with specific calls to action were developed for younger veterans. The association sought to take advantage of the most relevant and effective media to share its message while ultimately encouraging the veteran and military community to share their own stories of continued service through #StillServing. The case shares lessons learned from the campaign's iterative approach and offers creative, tested strategies for other programs seeking to engage younger generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite coordinated efforts at global level, through the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), poliomyelitis disease (Polio) is still a major public health issue. The wild poliovirus type-1 (WPV1) is still endemic in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and new circulations of the WPV1 were confirmed in southeast Africa in 2021, in Malawi and Mozambique. The circulating vaccine derived polioviruses (cVDPV) are also causing outbreaks worldwide. The Task Force for Global Health (TFGH)'s Polio Surge Capacity Support Program, established in 2019, is an effort to reinforce the existing partnership with the GPEI to strengthen countries' capacities for polio outbreak preparedness and response. In four years, its coordinated efforts with GPEI partners have resulted in a remarkable improvement in the early detection of poliovirus circulation and reducing the missed children gaps in many countries. However, these encouraging results cannot hide an increasingly complex programmatic environment with numerous funding and operational challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community-engaged scholarship has largely neglected the potential of sports to construct progressive forms of community and mobilize disparate interests. In this article, we critically reflect on how sports were used for placemaking purposes in the Friendship and Hope Campaign, an annual event that is driven by residents of Thembelihle, a low-income community in South Africa. The Campaign is a participatory and community-based intervention that seeks to strengthen community relations and mobilize resources to build peaceful, nonracial, and nonsexist communities. Although the Campaign hosted several sports tournaments and cultural events, its attempt to strengthen community cohesion for the purposes of making democratically-led change renders it a political approach to placemaking. Yet, as with all community-engaged work, this was far from a simplistic process. The Campaign's deployment of sports as a placemaking practice was complicated by a multitude of political interests that oftentimes contradicted the community-oriented values and aims of the Campaign. We reflect on how patronage politics can assist us in understanding such internal contestations and conflicting interests, and how community campaigns can work to move through and hold complexity in a democratic fashion, rather than attempt to settle such complexity altogether [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Researchers have examined the campaign strategies, messaging, and outcomes of popular votes on tobacco tax increases from 1998 to 2008, but no study has investigated measures that have appeared since 2008. Methods: The author uses state newspaper archives, voter pamphlets, academic reports, advocacy websites, and personal interviews to obtain information about the 11 tobacco tax increase ballot measures that appeared from 2012 to 2022. Findings: The three measures that succeeded during 2012–2022 featured sufficient financial resources, collaboration with influential stakeholders, and early public support. Two of the three successful measures offered significant concessions to the tobacco industry, and both were designed as legislatively referred statutes. Elsewhere, proponents sought unsuccessfully to enact citizen-led initiatives that would allocate revenue to progressive policy priorities. In contrast to previous eras, tobacco industry arguments often centered around antitax and antigovernment rhetoric, which was viewed as especially compelling in conservative states. The industry's success rate was higher than in the past, and it continued to outspend its opponents, sometimes by staggering margins. Conclusions: Campaign spending and early support remain critical to the success of tobacco tax ballot measures. Big Tobacco can extract significant concessions even in defeat, and direct democracy is an effective but imperfect ally to tobacco control advocates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundDue to the need to increase social awareness about dementia and the needs of patients living with dementia in Poland, the Razem przed siebie (eng. Forward with Dementia) campaign was created. The aim of the study was to evaluate its effectiveness.MethodsTo disseminate key campaign messages to the target audiences (people with dementia, carers, health and social care professionals [HSCP] and general public) a website, social and traditional media promotions, webinars and social activities were created. The campaign ran between September 2021 and April 2022. Mixed methods (online survey, reach estimates and interviews) were used to evaluate the campaign.ResultsAlmost 1,300 people visited the website during the campaign period. Of these, 55 carers and HSCP responded to the online survey. The most read section of the website was Understanding the diagnosis (carers [56% of 25] and HSCP [80% out of 30]). The website was mostly accessed by carers (68%) and HSCP (66.7%) through word-of-mouth recommendations. 80% carers and 90% HSCP found the website very or extremely helpful. Over 90% of carers and HSCP expressed an intention to revisit the website. Based on 31 interviews, campaign effects, change mechanisms and limitations were identified. Campaign events elicited positive emotions among people with dementia, providing them with a feeling of belonging and engagement. Esteeming personal interactions over informational campaign materials, those with dementia felt acknowledged and empowered by the events. Carers also reported positive experiences and increased interest and knowledge, though they expressed disappointment with the lack of respite care, an issue beyond the campaign’s scope. HSCP perceived the campaign events positively and identified significant gaps in the dementia care system.ConclusionEvaluation of the Razem przed siebie campaign revealed successes and limitations. While effectively incorporating anti-stigma campaign recommendations and enhancing social health for individuals with dementia, the campaign clearly showed the pressing need for systemic solutions. Despite positive perception of the campaign, there is a need for a better diagnostic and post-diagnostic support for people with dementia and their carers.

PurposeExcessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) can have a significant impact on health and quality of life but may remain undiagnosed due to low awareness and underestimation of the clinical impact of the symptoms. An online screening tool supported by media campaigns might increase awareness and help detect undiagnosed cases of EDS and narcolepsy. The aim of this study was to develop an online screening method, along with a media campaign focusing on EDS, and evaluate its feasibility.MethodsOnline screening supported by a media campaign targeting young and middle-aged adults (18–45 years old) were developed and implemented over a period of 1 year starting from November 2022. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used to identify EDS, and the Swiss Narcolepsy Scale was used to identify narcolepsy. In addition, the data on sociodemographic characteristics, selected sleep and health indicators and lifestyle behaviors were collected to indicate the etiology of the EDS. Feasibility, e.g., implementation and practicality, was assessed by the response rate, response to the promotion strategy, time spent on the tool, sample characteristics, and the prevalence of identified EDS and narcolepsy cases.ResultsA total of 2,390 people opened the screening link; 568 of them completed the online screening (23.8%), and most of them (n = 437, 76.9%) left their contact data to receive feedback. We identified 171 (30.1%) respondents at risk of EDS and 61 (10.7%) at risk of narcolepsy. The mean time of the screening was 15 min.ConclusionAn online screening tool supported with a campaign seems to be a feasible way to increase awareness about EDS and prevent delayed detection of EDS cases.

Abstract Solutions to the cats‐hunting‐wildlife environmental conflict could benefit from social science approaches. Our Theory of Planned Behavior questionnaire—informed by an elicitation survey of cat owners at veterinary clinics about their attitudes, norms, and beliefs regarding bringing their cats inside at night—surveyed 158 cat owners across 20 veterinarian clinics in four cities. It revealed that wildlife conservation was not influential on cat owner intention but veterinarians, cat safety, peers, and household members were. Thus, we designed a social marketing campaign with two treatments: (1) a veterinarian/cat safety message or (2) social/family norm message. Thirty‐four veterinary clinics received one of the two campaign posters or served as the control group. Customers (n = 510) received a “cat welfare” survey and then a pamphlet with the advocated message, and a follow‐up survey by email or telephone 3–6 weeks later (69% response rate). Campaign messaging significantly increased the number of cat owners who reported bringing their cats inside at night compared to the control group. The social/family norm message was most effective. Although rudimentary, the campaign generated measurable changes in cat owner intention and behavior. Conservation campaigns informed by co‐benefits for cat owners may reduce cats' hunting and be conciliatory ways of transcending environmental conflict.

Abstract Background Global efforts reduced incidence of polio cases from 350,000 in 1988 to 22 cases in 2022 globally. There have been no wild poliovirus (WPV) cases seen in Somalia since August 2014. However, in 2017, there was a surge in the number of cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2), even with different intervention responses using monovalent oral polio vaccine type 2 (mOPV2). This study aimed to assess the use of fractional inactivated polio vaccine (fIPV), a smaller dose of the polio vaccine, equal to 1/5 of a standard dose, as an innovative polio vaccination delivery model, and identify the main opportunities for and challenges to the use of fIPV in the future for vaccinations. Methods The study used two designs: a quasi-experimental design used to pilot fIPV in five districts and a cross-sectional study using both quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect primary data. A simple random sampling method was used to select 2 out of the 5 pilot districts for household surveys to study 768 participants. Key informant interviews and focus-group discussions were used to collect data from key frontline health workers and health/immunization officials involved in the campaigns. Secondary data from the pilot campaigns were analysed, such as administrative pilot data, lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) and post-campaign communication assessments. Results A total of 131,789 children aged 4–59 months were included for the pilot. Among these, 126,659 (96.1%) and 126,063 (95.6%) children were vaccinated in rounds 1 and 2, respectively. Out of the 768 households assessed, 99.9% had their children vaccinated. Nearly half of the few children who were not vaccinated were reported to be due to the parent of the child not being at home (48%). Ninety-seven percent of the qualitative study interviewees were satisfied with fIPV injection and recommended its use for routine immunization. Conclusions The study findings are promising in the use of fIPV in mass campaigns to realize better coverage and global polio eradication. fIPV will potentially be used by policymakers in the design of polio eradication campaigns that integrate the fIPV vaccine into routine or supplementary immunization.

Abstract The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE)/International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)/World Health Organization (WHO) Global Campaign Against Epilepsy was launched in Geneva and Dublin in the summer of 1997. The second phase of the Campaign was launched by a major event in Geneva, led by WHO Director General Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland in February 2001. Since then, the Campaign has been gathering momentum around the world culminating in the WHO General Assembly Resolution (WHA 68.20) on Epilepsy in May 2015 supported by 194 countries. Recently, the World Federation of Neurology and other neurological non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) have joined forces with the Epilepsy Campaign, leading to the WHO General Assembly Resolution (WHA 73.10) in May 2022 promoting a 10‐year Intersectoral Global Action Plan (IGAP) for Epilepsy and Other Neurological Disorders. I was privileged to serve as the first Chairperson of the Global Campaign Against Epilepsy and this year all my documents and correspondence relating to the Campaign have been delivered to the Wellcome Collection in London. These are the basis for this detailed account of the origins and early development of the Campaign. I describe the events leading to the birth of the concept, planning for the Campaign, the launch, development, and the achievements of phase one. This first phase focused on awareness raising, education, and involvement, especially within WHO, ILAE, and IBE, including a series of five Regional Public Health meetings and Declarations on Epilepsy. In 1999, the WHO raised the status of the Campaign to the highest level, the first ever for a Non‐Communicable Disease, resulting in the high profile launch of phase two in 2001, paving the way to the continuing global momentum and achievements, including the 2015 and 2022 WHO Resolutions.

BACKGROUND: The coverage of the seasonal influenza vaccine has always been sub-par. Understanding the motivators of receiving vaccines, especially during pandemics, could enhance and increase the coverage rates. The Saudi Ministry of Health launched its annual influenza vaccination campaign during the 2021 influenza season and provided vaccinations in primary healthcare settings. This study aims to explore public motivators to receive influenza vaccination, particularly during the coronavirus disease 2019 global pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 783 participants who attended the influenza vaccination campaign. All persons who received the influenza vaccine in the influenza vaccination campaign held in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, from October to November 2021, were interviewed and completed a self-administered questionnaire. Odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were estimated using the full model fit. The significance level was set as α = 0.05. RESULTS: The majority of the participants had more than high school education (81%), were males (66.2%), and married (59.6%), and 50.6% were below 35 years of age. Participants with higher education, health-care workers, and those who had been previously counseled on influenza vaccination were less likely to have started taking the influenza vaccination, whereas smokers and persons who do not have routine checkups were more likely to start influenza vaccination. The main motivator to take the influenza vaccine was the establishment of a vaccination campaign near the participant’s workplace (62.2%), followed by advice from their physician (30.3%), and fear of having influenza disease (29.6%). CONCLUSION: Accessibility to the vaccination campaigns was the main motivator for receiving the vaccine followed by the advice from physician. Advice from physician and increasing mobile vaccination campaigns and mobile clinics would substantially increase influenza vaccine uptake.

This research analyzes Ganjar Pranowo’s strategic focus in the 2024 Presidential election on three sub-themes of the Human Development Index, namely Health, Education, and Economy via Twitter. This research aims to understand how Ganjar Pranowo uses the Twitter platform to highlight Health, Education, and Economic issues in the context of the 2024 Presidential election. The study has academic relevance because it provides insight into how a political candidate uses social media to convey political message. Meanwhile, this research can practically offer political candidates’ and campaign teams’ preferences in designing communication strategies via social media. The methodology used in this research is qualitative with the Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) Miner approach. Content, network, and cloud analysis was performed using the Nvivo 12 Plus software. The findings were that Health was the main topic, with a discussion percentage of 47.11%, followed by Education with 34.71%, and Economics with 18.18%. This reflects Ganjar Pranowo’s emphasis on access to quality health services and commitment to education issues. This finding means that it provides insight into the focus of his political strategy. The research concludes that Ganjar Pranowo’s strategy in using Twitter in the context of the 2024 presidential election focuses on Health and Education issues as an attraction for voters. However, economic discussions and articulation of economic policies must be improved to ensure voters understand Ganjar’s plans for facing future economic challenges. The practical implication of this research is that political candidates can consider the importance of emphasizing Health and Education issues in their communication strategies via social media. In addition, this research also underscores the need for improvements in economic policy communication to increase voters’ understanding of candidates’ financial plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parties and election candidates are often understood to be rational actors, adapting to conditions to remain electorally competitive. However, despite the rational pursuit of goals requiring enough information with which to update one's strategies, to our knowledge, no study has sought to examine the precise role of information in influencing party or candidate updating during campaigns. To fill this gap, we use qualitative process tracing to examine the 2022 Irish Seanad by-election, which acts as an extreme case of a low-information electoral environment that can be used for theory-building. From this analysis, we expect that the information level is a function of knowledge about voters' intentions and the terms of political debate, in the form of an interaction between the effective number of electoral parties and the range of issues discussed by parties. From this, we hypothesise that strategic updating is least likely when information about both voters and the terms of political debate are low. Indeed, the lower the information level, the more likely candidates are to prioritise their preferred issues and ignore their competitors, even when they could acquire some rudimentary knowledge of their competitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migrant candidates tend to win fewer preference votes compared to native candidates across electoral systems. We focus on two general explanations for the observed migrant–native vote gap: (1) disproportionate amounts of electorally valuable resources and (2) an electoral penalty whereby migrant candidates who hold similar resources as native candidates are treated differently by the voters. Three types of resources are included as independent variables: personal, social, and contextual. We analyse candidate survey data from the 2017 Finnish municipal elections and apply the twofold Kitagawa–Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method. The results show that group differences in the distribution of political capital, length of residence, and size of the municipality are associated with the vote gap, as well as the inability of migrant candidates to capitalise on campaign support from people in their immediate social environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frames enable individuals to locate and label occurrences within their life space and the world at large. In this article, we study the framing of moral issues with the help of Moral Foundations Theory and by relying on rich qualitative data. Existing studies are primarily based on laboratory experiments, without a focus on how such processes are shaped in a real‐life setting. Through a detailed study of the 2018 Irish referendum on abortion, we ask: How is moral framing used in a referendum setting? This case is important not only because referendum campaigns may have higher chances of influencing public opinion than election campaigns but also because of the highly contentious nature of abortion and the recent societal changes in the Irish context. Based on in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with campaigners and politicians, as well as focus groups with voters, we find that the campaigners from opposing sides used moral foundations (the Care foundation) deliberately in their campaign to appeal to undecided voters, focusing on the health of women or the plight of unborn babies. Our findings also show that not every moral foundation is relevant for the campaigners due to the national and historical context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This one-year pilot study investigated the effectiveness of a multimedia campaign, Heart Healthy U (HHU), to increase awareness about the link between unhealthy behaviors and risk for heart disease among emerging adults on a college campus. This paper describes the implementation of HHU. Participants: The HHU campaign was implemented from the Fall of 2019 through Spring 2020 and during this time there were approximately 15,043 enrolled students at the south eastern U.S. college campus. Methods: The HHU campaign employed print (e.g., banners, posters, and yard signs) and electronic formats (e.g., email, Instagram). We designed the methods across three phases: (1) relationship building and formative research, (2) campaign development, and (3) the Heart Healthy U campaign launch. Results: The HHU encountered challenges when the novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or SARS-co-V2) interrupted campus life, however we relied on the electronic formats to reach students during the state-wide lockdown/quarantine mandates. In addition, there were two changes to the HHU health messages. First, we updated the health messages to illustrate that eating healthy and engaging in physical activity supports immune function. Next, we developed new health messages to address effects of physical isolation and anxiety by promoting psychological well-being during this historic public health crisis. Conclusions: We asked whether a multimedia campaign on a college campus could encourage emerging adults to consume fruits and vegetables and engage in physical activity according to the federally-recommended guidelines. It is essential that interventions intended to reach today's emerging adults be presented in formats that they use (e.g., social media platforms), supported by campus administrators, and endorsed by peer influencers. In conclusion, more intervention studies are needed to counter the unhealthy social norm behaviors common to college campus life that increase heart disease risk, particularly among marginalized populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the greatest challenges for public health campaigns is communicating health risks due to the existence of psychological distance. Using COVID-19 as a context, this study designed and tested virtual reality (VR) campaigns based on construal level theory. It assessed the immediate and after-effects of VR on COVID-19 preventive intentions/behaviors and risk perceptions. A total of 120 participants were randomly assigned to see one of four messages: a VR message emphasizing self-interest, a VR message emphasizing other-interest, a print message emphasizing self-interest, or a print message emphasizing other-interest. Preventive intentions/behaviors were assessed at three different times: before, immediately after, and one week after the experimental treatment. Immediately following message exposure, participants exposed to the VR messages perceived a higher level of self-risk than those exposed to print messages. Disgust and fear mediated these effects. One week following message exposure, unvaccinated participants exposed to the VR messages had a higher intention to get vaccinated than those exposed to print messages. Recommendations on how to effectively utilize VR in health interventions are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE)/International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)/World Health Organization (WHO) Global Campaign Against Epilepsy was launched in Geneva and Dublin in the summer of 1997. The second phase of the Campaign was launched by a major event in Geneva, led by WHO Director General Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland in February 2001. Since then, the Campaign has been gathering momentum around the world culminating in the WHO General Assembly Resolution (WHA 68.20) on Epilepsy in May 2015 supported by 194 countries. Recently, the World Federation of Neurology and other neurological non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) have joined forces with the Epilepsy Campaign, leading to the WHO General Assembly Resolution (WHA 73.10) in May 2022 promoting a 10‐year Intersectoral Global Action Plan (IGAP) for Epilepsy and Other Neurological Disorders. I was privileged to serve as the first Chairperson of the Global Campaign Against Epilepsy and this year all my documents and correspondence relating to the Campaign have been delivered to the Wellcome Collection in London. These are the basis for this detailed account of the origins and early development of the Campaign. I describe the events leading to the birth of the concept, planning for the Campaign, the launch, development, and the achievements of phase one. This first phase focused on awareness raising, education, and involvement, especially within WHO, ILAE, and IBE, including a series of five Regional Public Health meetings and Declarations on Epilepsy. In 1999, the WHO raised the status of the Campaign to the highest level, the first ever for a Non‐Communicable Disease, resulting in the high profile launch of phase two in 2001, paving the way to the continuing global momentum and achievements, including the 2015 and 2022 WHO Resolutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]