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This paper introduces a new concept to solve car sequencing problem called the Car Sequencing Problem 4.0, focuses the paint shop. The problem of effective car sequencing in the paint shop is caused by the specifics of the production process itself and the structure of the production line. Sequencing of cars as required by the painting process is justified economically. The main goal is to minimize the number of costly changeovers of the painting guns because of color changes and to synchronize those with periodic cleanings, forced by technological requirements. For this purpose, a buffer located in the paint shop is applied. In this paper a game theoretic framework is presented to analyze the problem. Three games are introduced: Buffer Slot Assignment Game–Buffer-OutShuttle Game called the BSAG-BOSG, In–Out Shuttle Game and its modification called modified In–Out Shuttle Game. Based on the simulations performed the efficiency of the algorithms is verified using several datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem. The global automotive industry has already had an experience of recovery from the global financial crisis of 2008, but the pandemic crisis of 2020 is quite different in nature and pattern of progress: in recent history it has had no analogues and it will be premature to state its completion. Therefore, it is important to determine the impact of the pandemic on the production and sale of cars in order to overcome the negative consequences. To address this issue, the article identifies the sensitivity of this subsector of mechanical engineering to destructive changes in the environment; an analysis of changes in the volume of production and sales of cars by countries of the world over the past period has been made. Goal. The aim of the work is to determine the destructive consequences and trends of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the global automotive industry, namely the production and sale of cars. Methodology. To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, a vertical and horizontal analysis of car production and sales in the world has been conducted. Results. The results of the analysis allowed the authors to group the countries of the world by the destructive effects of the pandemic crisis of 2020 for the automotive industry. Originality. The carried out classification of countries by the destructive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to gain insight into its impact on the automotive industry, in particular on the production and sale of cars. Practical value. The obtained results can be recommended to identify further ways to overcome the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the automotive industry.

The paper presents a Car Sequencing Problem, widely considered in the literature. The issue considered by the researchers is only a reduced problem in comparison with the problem in real automotive production. Consequently, a newconcept, called Paint Shop 4.0., is considered from the viewpoint of a sequencing problem. The paper is a part of the previously conducted research, identified as Car Sequencing Problem with Buffers (CSPwB), which extended the original problem to a problem in a production line equipped with buffers. The new innovative approach is based on the ideas of Industry 4.0 and the buffer management system. In the paper, sequencing algorithms that have been developed so far are discussed. The original Follow-up Sequencing Algorithm is presented, which is still developed by the authors. The main goal of the research is to find the most effective algorithm in terms of minimization of painting gun changeovers and synchronization necessary color changes with periodic gun cleanings. Carried out research shows that the most advanced algorithm proposed by the authors outperforms other tested methods, so it is promising to be used in the automotive industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the production of passenger cars in Slovakia in context of the Visegrad countries. The study features the history of the Slovak automobile industry, the role of the sector in the country's economy. The analysis is also focusing on the descriptions of original equipment manufacturers having capacities in Slovakia, and on their localization. Based on statistical data, it can be stated that the sector contributes the most to the country's economic output compared to other V4 countries and its rate is rising continually. However, Slovakia is still a manufacturer and there are no research and development activities. The automobile assembly production plants are mostly situated in the western and southwestern regions of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The evolution of scientific bases of car of the increased communicating and middle, large and above great busses production is certain at the Lutsk automobile plant in the second half of ХХ - at the beginning ХХІ of centuries. It is set that with the serial producing of first home for a road-worker, on Volyn new industry of engineer is based - automobile. It is found out, that introduction of scientifically-technological processes and front-rank technologies and technical improvements provided a reliable, powerful and comfortable car and busses that answer the modern requirements of international standards production. Certainly, that application of the newest technologies assisted the increase of reliability of automobile details and decline of necessities of electric power, coloured metals and stainless steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of scientific publications of scientists that light up the chronologic periods of development of car production in Ukraine is carried out. The most widespread in literature variants of divisions into periods of development of motor industry are analysed, own position is formed in relation to the choice of the most exact and scientifically reasonable reflection of historical development of car production in Ukraine. It is set that for development of division into periods of development of motor industry in Ukraine, the scientifically-technological achievements of branch higher educational establishments and research establishments, motor industry plants that functioned and continue to function in Ukraine are taken not enough into account. An insufficient measure is take into account scientific and technical works of home scientific schools and separate scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the 1970s licensing agreement between the communist government of Poland and the Italian company Fiat for the production of small motor vehicles, the Fiat 126 model, and the consequent building of the Small Engine Car Factory (Fabryka Samochodów Małolitrażowych) in Bielsko-Biała and Tychy. The project aimed to enhance Polish economic international competitiveness, to narrow a technological gap between the country and the West, but – most of all – to transplant to Poland an element of Western modernity: individual car ownership. In fact, with three million units produced, 126 was the car that had motorised Poland. The paper focuses on managerial problems that state bureaucracy had to tackle in the process of constructing a new car factory, showing how the political goal of mass motorisation overtook any other financial or industrial constraints, though reducing productivity and financial sustainability of the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phrase “Kazakhstan car” is appeared since then when car assemble started in the country. Entrying into the Customs Union gives a stimulus to the development of auto industry in Kazakhstan. At the beginning of 2013 eleven existing assembly plants are registered in Kazakhstan. Totally 21,236 units of vehicles were collected by domestic car assembly plants in 2012. “AZIA AVTO” takes its leading position in car production volume and in the number of represented brands in Ust-Kamenogorsk, EKR. There is one more group of car companies «AllurAuto» and JSC «Kazakhstan Agromash Holding” in Kostanai. In the spring of 2014 the project “Industrial Engineering of Toyota» is starting in Kazakhstan. The production site for the assembly of the SUV Toyota Fortuner will be LLP “SaryarkaAvtoProm” in Kostanai. Thus the domestic car production has increased significantly recently and the operating companies do not intend to stop there.

Сучасний глобальний ринок легкових автомобілів є основою економіки світу. Досліджені кризові явища світової економіки, періодичність криз та періодичність зростання економіки. Встановлено, що автомобільний ринок прогнозує кризові явища за 2-3 роки до їх настання. В статті прогнозований сценарій розвитку ринку легкових автомобілів та настання глобальної економічної кризи в 2016-2018 роках. Виявлена гостра необхідність в підтримці автомобілебудівної промисловості та стимулювання попиту державами з ціллю недопущення негативних економічних наслідків, в тому числі і кризових явищ. Современный рынок легковых автомобилей является основой экономики мира. Исследованы история мирового ВВП, производство и продажа легковых автомобилей, уровень инфляции и безработицы начиная с 1979 года, установлена взаимосвязь этих показателей. Исследованы кризисные явления мировой экономики, периодичность кризисов и экономических ростов. Установлено, что автомобильный рынок прогнозирует наступление кризисов за 2-3 года. В статье спрогнозирован сценарий развития рынку легковых автомобилей и наступление глобального экономического кризиса в 2016-2018 годах. Определена острая необходимость в поддержке автомобильной промышленности и стимулирования спроса государствами с целью недопущения негативных экономических последствий, в том числе и кризисных явлений. The modern car market is the basis of the global economy. The history of statistic rows of the global GDP, cars production and sales, inflation levels and unemployment rates beginning form 1979 has been researched; there was determined interdependence. There were researched crisis and its length, economic growth and its length relatively in the world economy. It is determined that global car market predicts crisis before 2-3 years when crisis happens. Sharp inflation increase happens 1 year before economic crisis as well as unemployment rises is considered to be just 2 years before economic recession. The scenario of global cars sales and forecast for new global economic crisis in 2016-2019 has been developed. Sharp necessity for car industry support and customer demand stimulation by state governments in order not to allow negative economic consequences including economic crisis is determined. We predict global recession beginning from 2106 year on the level 1,5% with the bottom crisis in 2017 on the level of 6%. And then we see that economy will sharply recover in 2019. It will be the era of long wave economy development. Car sales decrease is predicted to happen in 2016-2017 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Japan, similar management practices in product development, design, supply-chain coordination, marketing arid sales have been used to produce very different products; industrialized housing and automobiles. Manufacturing principles derived from the car industry have been successfully used to produce attractive, customized and affordable homes. But there are limits to which such techniques can be applied to manage the assembly of wide varieties of component parts needed to produce complex customized products. Managers must trade off the need to achieve economies of scale in the production of standardized factory pans with economies of scope in various stages of assembly in order to provide flexibility to satisfy consumer choices. The housing industries can benefit by learning more about the use of advanced manufacturing techniques developed in car production At the same time, automobile makers may learn more about the management of customization from the way in which housing firms organize sales, design and final assembly. The paper suggests that wider ranges of choice can be delivered through managing the whole production system, balancing the use of standard components with flexibility in assembly, rather than by solely attempting to optimize control in discrete parts of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]