Search

The current study investigated the correlation among sperm production (milt volume, spermatocrit and sperm count), sperm motility characters and biochemical composition of seminal plasma during different seasons to estimate the quality of semen in the Spotted scat (Scatophagus argus). The sperm of 120 males were collected over a period of 2 years seasonally viz., summer, pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon. During the collection period, it was observed that there were significant (p 0.05) seasonal variations in the semen quality including sperm motility and production more in the summer season than other seasons. The osmolality of seminal plasma varied from 343.33 to 370.33 mOsm/kg. The pH of seminal plasma elevated from 7.37 to 7.63 during monsoon and summer seasons. The motility of S. argus sperms correlated with the concentration of biochemical compounds viz., Ca

OBJECTIVE To examine patient laboratory testing compliance by tracking time to submission of laboratory requisitions in Southern Alberta, Canada as part of a quality improvement initiative. METHODS Data was collected retrospectively from patients from the Chinook Primary Care Network in Alberta, Canada, who received a laboratory requisition consisting of a complete blood count (CBC) test order between September 1, 2016 and August 31, 2017. To allow for all laboratory requisitions created to be submitted within one year, the study collection period was from September 1, 2016 to August 31, 2018. Patient age, sex, and dates of laboratory requisition creation and submission were collected. The days-to-test-submission served as a marker of compliance. Association of age, sex, and clinic location with time to laboratory requisition completion was determined using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS During the study period, 70.4% (n = 1607) of laboratory requisitions created were completed within one year, and over half (50.5%) of the laboratory requisitions ordered were completed within two weeks. There were no significant associations between time to laboratory requisition submission and sex or clinic locations (P > 0.05), but there were significant associations between patients who were 20-49 or 70-79 and increased laboratory requisition compliance (P

Objetivo: Descrever como atua o enfermeiro na preservação de vestí­gios forenses em casos de violência sexual. Métodos: revisão integrativa realizada por meio das bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Base de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF) e Scientific Electronic e Library Online (Scielo). O perí­odo da coleta aconteceu no mês de Setembro de 2020. Resultados: Na presente revisão integrativa, analisou-se 06 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos e, a seguir, apresentou-se um panorama geral dos artigos avaliados. A escassez de conhecimento cientí­fico referente í violência e enfermagem forense levam aos profissionais de saúde encontrarem dificuldades na utilização de técnicas especí­ficas para a preservação dos indí­cios. Conclusão: o enfermeiro forense possui uma gama de responsabilidade perante os sobreviventes de violência sexual, desde a abordagem até o manuseio adequado das provas.

This research aims to determine the financial performance of PT Matahari Department Store Tbk before and after the Covid-19 pandemic was started so that it can be observed the increase or decrease after the Covid-19 pandemic was started. The data used are the financial statements of the posted-Pandemi Covid-19 of PT Matahari Department Store Tbk before the covid-19pandemicwas started in the January-December 2019 and after the covid-19 pandemic was started in the January - December 2020 period. Data analysis using Du Pont System Analysis. The results showed an increase in the financial ratios before the covid-19 pandemic started and after the covid-19 pandemic started. This is indicated by the achievement of an increase in the percentage of Return on Investment, Return on Assets, Cash Ratio, Current Ratio, Collection Period, Inventory Turn Over, Total Asset Turn Over, and Total Equity so that the increase can prove that the research hypothesis proposed that after a covid-19 pandemic is proven to experience efficiency and decrease its financial performance.

Air pollution of indoor and outdoor environments is one of the most important environmental problems in metropolises and industrial cities. The study explores the effects of air quality on the well-being of students at Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran. The sampling of the particles was carried out in four seasons in 2017–2018. The concentration of PM≥11, PM7-11, PM4.7–7, PM3.3–4.7, PM2.1–3.3, PM1.1–2.1, PM0.7–1.1, PM0.4–0.7 and PM≤0.4 in inside and outside building was evaluated simultaneously using a direct measurement device. The length of each collection period varied from 6 to 72 h. The samples were studied by SEM/EDS and imaging was performed and the surface of particles. The effects of air quality on students were collected using a questionnaire. Based on the results, there was cough, throat irritation and psychological problems for students, especially those with asthma and respiratory problems. There were more symptoms during the summer and autumn. The life of the building, the use of natural ventilation and inadequate cooling devices are the main factor in increasing the concentration of indoor particles in the educational building. According to the result of sampling in the outside environment, the highest concentration of the particles occurred in summer and the lowest concentration in spring and winter. Due to the presence of natural ventilation in the spring and summer seasons, the trend of variation of the concentration inside the building was similar to the outside.

Sixty, finishing broilers aged 35 days were used to determine the Apparent, Nitrogen corrected and True metabolisable energy value of thevetia oil. The oil was subjected to heat treatment of 110°C for 25 minutes. Four experimental diets consisting of a basal diet and three other diets in which thevetia oil was substituted for 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0% of the basal diet. The experiment lasted for 10 days, made up of a 7-day adjustment period and a 3-day total collection period. Protein and fibre retention were significantly (P

We study the impacts of the use of trade credit on SME financial performance and operational distress in a sample of 74,036 SMEs across 19 EU countries between 2006 to 2015. Under the premise that trade credit acts as a substitute for bank credit, our results show that supplying trade credit improves profitability, but we show little evidence that such an investment is more profitable for bank credit richer SMEs, although such firms did redistribute more bank fund through trade credit to their customers. For receivers, we show that the use of trade credit finance alleviates operational distress, especially for those SMEs facing liquidity constraints, such as those which have less access to bank credit or under credit tightened periods. This distress reduction effect is also reflected in their profitability indicators. However, the longer the average collection period and credit period, the less effective the trade credit effects respectively on improving SME profitability and reducing operational distress.

A series of four experiments were conducted in carried out with cockerels but can also be which 30g DM of whole palm kernel (WPK) performed with broiler chickens and laying hens and of Palm Kernel Oil Sludge (PKOS) were (Johnson and McNab, 1983). Differences force-fed to laying hens and adult broilers between broilers and laying hens (Peterson et chickens. The length of the collection periods `` al., 1976 and adult cockerels) Mollah et al was the same (24, 30, 48 and 60hr) for both 1983) have been reported. These differences ingredients. The ingredients and their faecal may be a result of differences in nitrogen (N) materials were used to determine the apparent balance between the different bird types metabolisable energy (AME) and the true (Askbrant, 1988). metabolisable energy (TME) and their nitrogen (N) corrected forms (AMEn and TMEn). However, a possible deficiency in the rapidTMEn). bioassay for determining TME using adult Results showed that in both ingredients, at the rooster (Sibbald, 1976) is that a portion of the 48 hr collection period, no difference in the teed may be retained, explaining some of the AME and AMEN, TME and TMEn were found differences observed between AME and TME in the bird types. Complete passage of the test values. Extension of the collection period, ingredients was ensured at the 48 hr collection depending on the specific ingredient being period. The AME and AMEn values of WPK tested, was recommended for feeds which with laying hens were: 5.08 and 4.98 Kcal/kg exhibit slow rate of passage, from various DM; while those for the broiler chickens were: studies (Sibbald 1979a, b, c). This suggestion 4.88 and 4.31 Kcal/kg DM; those for PKOS was based on the reasoning that the control bird AME and AMEn with Jaying hens were: 3.14 may be in a state of tissue catabolism which and 2.98Kcal/kg DM,with the broiler chickens could increase the metabolic faecal energy the values were 3.12 and 2.96 Kcal/kg DM (FEM) plus endogenous urinary energy (UEE) respective.y. TME and TMEN values of WPK with extended fasting period (Kessler and with laying hens were 6.42 and 6.11 Kcal/kg Thomas, 1981). Since high fat diets exhibit DM; corresponding values with broiler chickens were: 6.41 and 6.09 Kcal/Kg DM. slow rate of passage (Mateos and Jerty, 1981), TME and TMEn for PKOS with laying hens it becomes necessary to investigate the time were 4.37. 4.12 Kcal/kg DM. 4.36 and 4.13 required for the whole palm kernel meal and its Kcal/kg DM, respectively were the sludge to be completely cleared from the corresponding values for broiler chickens. No alimentary tract of birds while determining their interaction between ingredients and birds was unknown bioavailable energy levels. found but there were interactions among the The purpose of the present study was, therefore bioavailable energy systems and the bird types. to determine the bioavailable energy (AME and TME) of whole palm kernel and palm kernel oil layers, broilers.

Objetivo: A presente pesquisa objetivou analisar a percepção dos controllers sobre o Balanced Scorecard e a questão ambiental e descrever o perfil destes profissionais. Metodologia: Metodologicamente, é uma pesquisa exploratória-descritiva de abordagem quantitativa, com procedimento do tipo survey. O tratamento dos dados foi feito por meio da estatística descritiva. O período de coleta foi de novembro de 2018 a janeiro de 2019 ao qual foram enviados 343 questionários para um grupo de profissionais controllers que fazem parte na rede sociais LinkedIn do Brasil que atuam ou atuaram nesta função, logrando êxito em 27 questionários respondidos. Resultados: Os respondentes tem idade entre 35 e 44 anos. 77,78% tem formação em Ciências Contábeis, 62,96% possui especialização. Possuem em média 11 anos de formação e 16 anos de atuação profissional como controller. Sobre a percepção dos respondentes em relação ao Balanced Scorecard e a questão ambiental, constatou-se que duas nomenclaturas foram bem aceitas, sendo elas: Balanced Scorecard Sustentável e Green Balanced Scorecard. Tendo estes, uma estrutura composta por indicadores ambientais inseridos em suas quatro perspectivas tradicionais. Contribuições do Estudo: é um tema atual e relevante dentro do contexto da gestão e contabilidade e também das ferramentas de gestão empresarial. Uma vez que o BSC é explorado em sua forma tradicional. A partir da revisão bibliográfica identificaram-se poucos estudos sobre o BSC e a questão ambiental. Com isto, a pesquisa buscou contribuiu de forma empírica evidenciando o que os profissionais da área de controladoria entendem sobre o BSC Ambiental, e a melhor forma que este poderá ser aplicado nas organizações.

This paper presents the results of the survey and analysis of receivables practices in manufacturing companies: a case of Nepalese pharmaceuticals companies. The survey is based on the structured questionnaire completed by 209 pharmaceuticals executives of which 44 were under corporate level, 98 were under business level and 67 were operational level. The major issues dealt in the survey are concerned with the application of credit control policy, application of credit customer grading form, application techniques used to grant credit, application of "best practice" tips for effective credit control and opinion on practice of credit limit. Survey results showed that pharmaceuticals companies have desired to establish credit control policy with continuous practice of using credit application to screen new customer and renew them yearly. However, the practice of average collection period was not satisfactory in the companies. The choice of "references" for grading credit customer and ratio analysis were evident to grant credit.

Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico das tentativas de suicí­dio na população residente da cidade de São Paulo durante o ano de 2015. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo. O perí­odo de coletas ocorreu entre os meses de janeiro a dezembro de 2015, a base de dado elegí­vel foi o sí­tio eletrônico do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (Datasus), para análise das notificações registradas no SIVVA/Sinan, foram calculadas medidas de frequências das variáveis. Resultado: Foram identificadas 910 tentativas de suicí­dio sendo 44, 5% no sexo feminino e 55,5% no sexo masculino. Acerca da faixa etária 3,2% eram crianças (0 a 9 anos de idade); 22,3% adolescentes (10 a 19 anos de idade); 72,1% adultos (20 a 59 anos de idade) e 2,4% idosos (60 anos e mais de idade). No que tange a variável raça/cor; branca (36,7%), preto/pardo (37,9%), indí­gena (0,4%), amarela (0,3%) e os demais dados foram ignorados. Conclusão: o estudo evidenciou que as tentativas de suicí­dio ocorrem principalmente entre a população adulta, ressalta-se a necessidade de reforçar quanto aos serviços de saúde estarem sensí­veis ao seu registro atentando quanto aos cuidados a serem promovidos, mediante sua magnitude.

Nowadays great deal of research is physiological field is conducted on experimental animals and there is a lot of criticism from the wide public on methods used. Therefore, recently there is a lot of effort focused on the welfare of the animals. Main aim of this study is to determine the effect of experimental sample collection method on the selected parameters of stress. In the experiment two sample collections of rabbit blood from marginal ear vein were realized – first using standard method with one person fixing the animal and other collecting the blood using gently fixating the animal. In the second groups experimental method of inserting the experimental animal into a sack and further collection in dark was realized. During the experiment the levels of cortisol – main stress indicator in organism and other health parameters of animals including mineral profile and haematological parameters were observed. Our results show no significant changes in levels of cortisol but also a decreasing tendency in the sample from the second (dark) collection. Haematological parameters were generally in the reference values and any significant changes except levels of lymphocytes and percent of lymphocytes which shown significant increase in the second collection period were found. Also the levels of mean corpuscular haemoglobin and percent of neutrophils unveiled a significant decrease in values. Values of mineral profile parameters have indicated no significant changes except the levels of phosphorus. Based on the result we can state that the experimental sample collection has no effect on blood parameters of the animals but we spectated a statistically insignificant decrease in the levels of cortisol which can suggest that the dark collection is possibly less stressful to the animals.

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da ventosaterapia como forma de promoção da saúde em colaboradores de uma Universidade privada de Fortaleza-CE. Metodologia: O estudo foi realizado por meio de uma pesquisa intervencionista e de caráter longitudinal nos laboratórios do Curso de Estética e Cosmética da Universidade de Fortaleza, em Fortaleza- CE. O perí­odo da coleta foi de agosto a outubro de 2019, duas vezes por semana com 08 funcionários que estão alocados na Universidade, que foram convidados mediante e-mails, e pela técnica do laboratório na própria Universidade. Resultados: Verificou-se que com a terapia abordada houve uma melhora na qualidade de vida, qualidade do sono, melhora do humor, redução do uso de medicamentos para dormir e redução das dores, sintomas relatados pelos voluntários. Conclusão: O uso da ventosaterapia obteve diversos benefí­cios para a saúde dos voluntários presentes neste estudo. Entre eles, podemos destacar a melhora na qualidade do sono e consequentemente o aumento da disposição e melhora do humor, proporcionando maior qualidade de vida.

Background/purpose Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) is broadly administered to treat multiple infections, and the paucity of effective treatment alternatives for infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae has led to a renewed interest in TMP-SMZ. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of TMP-SMZ against K. pneumoniae. Methods The resistance genes of K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were investigated by PCR, followed by conjugation experiments and multilocus sequence typing. Results The resistance rate of K. pneumoniae to TMP-SMZ decreased over the collection period from 26.7% (88/330) to 16.9% (56/332). The high carrying rates (173/175, 98.9%) of resistance determinants (sul genes or dfr genes) were the main mechanisms of TMP-SMZ resistance isolates, with sul1 (142/175, 81.1%) and dfrA1 (119/175, 68.0%). Only class 1 integron was detected, the prevalence of which in TMP-SMZ resistant K. pneumoniae was 63.4% (111/175). Conclusion These results provided insights into the antimicrobial efficacy of TMP-SMZ against K. pneumoniae, also illustrating the wide distribution of SMZ and TMP resistance genes among resistant K. pneumoniae. Simultaneously, the present study highlights the significance of reasonable administration and effective continued monitoring.

Data on the crude protein requirements of elk doe are nonexistent and the data are essential for their management in Korea. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the crude protein requirement for maintenance of elk doe. Three female elk deer were used in 3 × 3 Latin square design with three diets containing three levels of crude protein (CP) that contained low crude protein (approximately 12%), medium crude protein (15%), and high crude protein (18%). Each three elk doe trials included a 14-day preliminary period and a 5-day collection period. Crude protein intake was 4.83, 6.26, and 9.00 g/d for 12%, 15%, and 18% of CP level, respectively. Crude protein balances were 1.04, 1.41, and 4.14 for 12%, 15%, and 18% of CP level, respectively. The maintenance requirement for CP from the regression equation between CP intake and CP balance were 3.70 g/BW0.75.

Several pathologies, such as cancer, predispose the depletion of nutritional status, which makes it essential to offer a balanced diet, which highlights the role of minerals, due to their relevance in contributing to the treatment and recovery of patients. The objective of the study was to determine the levels of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and phosphorus (P) in hospital meals (general, bland and pasty) and in an additional meal called complement oral food (CAO) that contained foods with added proteins, carbohydrates and / or fibers, and also evaluate the suitability of each macromineral in relation to nutritional recommendations (DRIs). Samples were collected in duplicate from six daily meals and from CAO on two non-consecutive days, from a hospital in Belo Horizonte (MG). Macrominerals were determined by an optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES). Statistical analyzes were performed using Stata 11.0 and the statistical significance was established as p

Objective: The objective was to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in cereal grains and various co-products fed to growing pigs.Methods: Ten feed ingredients tested were barley (9.3% CP), lupin kernels (31.1% CP), and wheat (11.3% CP) as cereal grains, and 2 sources of corn gluten feed produced in China (21.6% CP) and Korea (24.6% CP), corn gluten meal (65.3% CP), lupin hulls (11.6% CP), rice bran (14.5% CP), soybean meal (44.8% CP), and wheat bran (15.4% CP) as co-products. Ten experimental diets were formulated to contain each ingredient as a sole source of N and an N-free diet was used to correct basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. All diets also contained 0.5% Cr2O3 as an indigestible index. A replicated 11×6 incomplete Latin square design with 11 dietary treatments, 6 periods, and 22 animals was employed. Twenty-two barrows with an initial body weight of 64.6±4.9 kg were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum. An experimental period consisted of a 4-d adaptation period and a 2-d collection period.Results: The SID of CP in the barley, lupin kernels, wheat, 2 sources of corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, lupin hulls, rice bran, soybean meal, and wheat bran were 84.7%, 90.5%, 90.4%, 77.4%, 74.6%, 89.5%, 90.4%, 74.4%, 86.9%, and 63.4% (standard error of the mean [SEM] = 5.3, p = 0.006), respectively. The respective SID values of Lys were 75.5%, 88.4%, 83.9%, 74.7%, 62.4%, 80.3%, 83.9%, 78.5%, 88.0%, and 71.2% (SEM = 3.3, p

Election polls are the de facto mechanisms to predict political outcomes. Traditionally, they are conducted with personal interviews and questionnaires. This process is costly and time consuming, demanding the development of alternative approaches faster and less expensive. On the other hand, social media emerge as important tools for people to express their opinions about candidates in electoral scenarios. In this context, there is an increasing number of election prediction approaches using social media and opinion mining, modeling this problem in different ways. In this work, we present a survey on approaches to election predictions and discuss many possibilities of decisions in the general process of constructing solutions to this end, including the quantity of collected data, the specific social media used, the collection period, the algorithms and prediction approaches adopted, among others aspects. Our overview allowed us to identify the main factors that should be considered when predicting elections outcomes supported by social media content, as well as the main open issues and limitations of the approaches found in the literature for data science communities. In brief, the main challenges that we have found include but are not limited to: labeling data reliably during the short period of electoral campaigns, absence of a robust methodology to collect and analyze data, non-availability of domain (labeled) datasets, a lack of a pattern to evaluate the obtained results and exploration of new machine learning algorithms and methods for tackling the peculiarities of this scenario.

The aim of this research was to evaluate bee pollen load samples collected in Tuzla Canton regarding physicochemical composition and antioxidant properties, with relation to collecting area and time of collection. Bee pollen load samples were collected in two periods: March/April and May/June at 13 locations, dried and analysed for protein, free fat, ash, moisture, total polyphenol and total flavonoid content, and antioxidant properties. The results showed that bee pollen collected in March/April had lower content of proteins, but higher content of total polyphenols and higher antioxidant activity, while total flavonoid content was not influenced by collection period. The location had significant influence on bee pollen properties.

BACKGROUND: In helicopter critical care and emergency medical services (HEMS) transportation, organizations aim for efficiency of the dispatch process. Most HEMS organizations do not provide transport under instrument flight rules (IFR), due to equipment and training cost. Boston MedFlight (BMF) provides IFR HEMS transport. We set out to determine if response time of IFR transport was superior to ground transport.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of quality improvement data was performed. Data was collected by two observers sitting in the BMF control room in varying shifts. A process map of the dispatch process, from the dispatch call to the vehicle en route was developed. Critical points in the dispatch process were determined and a variety of time differences to determine the length of processes in the dispatch calculated. We compared median time differences between visual flight rules (VFR) flight and IFR flight, between IFR flight and ground transport, and between VFR and Ground for these points using a Mann-Whitney U-test.RESULTS: During the study collection period, 443 transports occurred, of which 109 transports happened while the observers were present: 37 ground, 57 VFR, and 15 IFR. Due to weather, six IFR transports were declined. The overall time from dispatch call to vehicle en route was significantly increased for IFR flights [median: 30 min:8 s (interquartile range 19:06–49:04)] over both VFR flights [11:36 (9:24–17:06); P vs. IFR: 0.001] and ground transports [9:39 (6:59–14.51); P vs. IFR: 0.001]. Most of this increase was accounted for by increases in the time from dispatch to crew acceptance, and from rotor start to vehicle en route.DISCUSSION: IFR conditions resulted in significantly increased dispatch times over both VFR flight and ground transport. The increase is likely a result of weather check, filing an IFR flight plan, and IFR release. Dispatch algorithms should be adjusted for this time delay of IFR transports.Kamine TH, Thomas L, Davis C, Cohen J. Critical care transport time differences between ground, helicopter VFR, and helicopter IFR transports. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(2):98–101.

Restaurantes podem propiciar doenças veiculadas por alimentos, assim, medidas de controle devem ser realizadas. Objetivou-se quantificar coliformes totais, termotolerantes e bactérias heterotróficas mesófilas na superfície da bancada da pia de manipulação, e bioaerossóis fúngicos em unidade de alimentação em uma instituição de ensino, antes e durante o processamento dos alimentos, e após higienização do local de trabalho. As amostras foram colhidas por swab e o ar, pela exposição, durante 15 minutos, de placas de PDA acidificado, em diferentes dias da semana totalizando dezesseis coletas. Coliformes totais (35 ºC, 24/48 h) e termotolerantes (45 ºC, 24 h) foram quantificados por inoculação de diluições seriadas, em caldo VB e EC, respectivamente, e os resultados expressos em NMP/cm2. A contagem de mesófilos (35 °C, 48 h) foi realizada em ágar PCA, e os resultados expressos em UFC/cm2. Os fungos anemófilos cultivados a 25 ºC por sete dias foram expressos em UFC/15 min. Os resultados foram analisados em software ASSISTAT 7.6 betas. Foi verificada contagem > 103NMP/cm2 para coliformes totais durante o processamento, e após higienização, decaimento de 16% em relação à média inicial. Redução de 56,3% foi observada para coliformes termotolerantes. O número de mesófilos se mantiveram ≥ 3 ciclos log, independentemente, do período da coleta (antes, durante ou após processamento). 54,2% das amostras do ar apresentaram altas contagens para fungos (> 50 UFC/15 min.). Os resultados indicam a possível geração de riscos e ocorrência de toxinfecções alimentares. Quando bem realizada, a higienização é eficaz na redução da carga microbiana. Sugere-se melhor monitoramento dos procedimentos realizados pelos manipuladores. Palavras-chave: Aerossóis. Coliformes. Mesófilos. AbstractRestaurants can provide food-borne diseases, so control measures must be taken. The objective of this study was to quantify total coliforms, thermotolerant bacteria and mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria on the sink basin surface, and fungal bioaerosols in a feeding unit at a teaching institution, before and during food processing, and after cleaning the workplace. Samples were collected by swab and air by exposure for 15 minutes of acidified PDA plates on different days of the week totaling sixteen samples. Total (35°C, 24/48 h) and thermotolerant coliforms (45 °C, 24 h) were quantified by inoculation of serial dilutions in VB and EC broth, respectively, and the results expressed as MLN/cm2. The counts of mesophiles (35 °C, 48 h) were performed on PCA agar and the results expressed in CFU/cm2. Anemophilous fungi cultured at 25°C for seven days were expressed in CFU/15 min. The results were analyzed in ASSISTAT 7.6 betas software. It was verified a count > 103 MLN/cm2 for total coliforms during the processing, and after sanitization, decay of 16% in relation to the initial average. Reduction of 56.3% was observed for thermotolerant coliforms. The number of mesophiles remained ≥ 3 log cycles, regardless of the collection period (before, during or after processing). 54.2% of the air samples had high counts for fungi (> 50 CFU/15 min). The results indicate the possible generation of risks and occurrence of alimentary toxinfections. When properly performed, hygiene is effective in reducing microbial load. It is suggested better procedures monitoring performed by the handlers. Keywords: Aerosols. Coliforms. Mesophiles.

his experiment was conducted to study the effect of biological and chemical treatments of olive trees by-products on chemical composition, degradability, cell wall constituents, digestibility and nutritive value and its feeding effect on productive performance of growing sheep. Eighteen (½ Finnish Landrace × ½ Rahmani) lambs with average body weight 18.00±0.40 kg and 4 months old were used in this study for 120 days. Lambs were distributed into three similar groups (6 lambs each) and randomly assigned to three experimental rations. The three respective rations composed of concentrate feed mixture (CFM) + olive trees by-products, the control ration (R1) contained untreated olive tree by-products; (R2) treatedolive trees by-productswith EM1 and (R3)treated olive trees by-products with El-mofeed. The digestibility and nutritive values of experimental rations were determined using nine adult Ossimi rams. Rumen liquor and blood samples were collected at the end of collection period. The results showed that nutrient digestibility and feeding values (TDN and DCP) were higher (P 0.05) differences were found in blood constituents (total protein, albumin, globulin, GOT, GPT and urea) among the different experimental groups. Blood sereum constituents were generally normal in all experimental groups. Growth performance with respect to total body weight gain and average daily gain (ADG) were improved by biological and chemical treatments. The same trend was observed for feed conversion and economic efficiency and the best values were recoded with R2. It was concluded that inclusion of biologically treated olive trees by-products to rations of growing (½ Finnish Landrace × ½ Rahmani) lambs could improve their performance especially treatment of olive trees by-products.

This study conducted a comparative analysis on working capital management and performance ofindustrial and consumer goods firms in Nigeria. Precisely, the study compared effect of average collectionperiod and average payment period on return on capital employed of selected industrial goods and consumergoods firms. 20 firms were randomly selected over a period of 10 years data were collected from annualreport of the firms. This study used static data analyses to analyze data. Result showed average collectionperiod and average payment period exert insignificant positive effect on return on capital employed ofindustrial goods firms, while both average collection period and average payment period exert insignificantnegative effect on return on capital employed of consumer goods firms. Independent t-test result showedsignificant mean difference between coefficient estimate corresponding to industrial and consumer goodsfirms. This study concluded that there exists significant difference between the effect of working capitalmanagement on performance of industrial goods firms and consumer goods firms when performance ismeasured in terms of return on capital employed. Hence firms in both sub-sectors should be strategic whenmanaging working capital, by setting higher average payment period in a manner that will not crowd-outtheir credit worthiness.

The traditional data acquisition algorithm has two shortcomings in random acquisition order and fixed collection period, which leads to high distortion of data acquisition. To this end, a new dynam...

Esta investigación se centra en analizar las estrategias para la administración del efectivo y su relación con los resultados operativos de las empresas de los sectores Transporte y Construcción ecuatorianos, durante el periodo 2012-2017. La muestra se constituye con información financiera de las 32726 empresas sector construcción y 46140 empresas sector transporte organizada como datos. Se realiza un análisis descriptivo y de correlación. Los resultados determinaron que el periodo de rotación de inventario, periodo medio de cobranzas, periodo medio de pago, ciclo de conversión del efectivo, endeudamiento, flujos de efectivo tiene una correlación significativa con los indicadores de rentabilidad, sin dejar de lado que se debe mejorar la eficiencia en algunas estrategias como son el ciclo de inventario, cobro y pago. Las actividades diarias de estas empresas dependen del eficiente manejo de efectivo a corto plazo, para ello que las empresas que desean mejorar su rentabilidad deberían prestar una mayor atención en las estrategias claves para esta gestión.

espanolLa presente investigacion plantea como objetivo analizar el desempeno financiero a traves de los indicadores de rentabilidad del sector turistico de Ecuador registrado en la Superintendencia de Companias, durante el periodo 2007 – 2017, con una muestra de 223 empresas. El analisis de la informacion se realizo a traves de datos panel con efectos fijos y aleatorios, con la aplicacion de correlacion estadistica, ademas por la dispersion de datos del sector se aplico el procedimiento de media +- 3, para disminuir los terminos de media y varianza. Los resultados obtenidos determinaron que la rentabilidad financiera y economica estan relacionadas con algunas variables como el Margen Bruto, Periodo Medio de Pago y Periodo Medio de Cobro, a pesar de que en algunos casos esta relacion es baja. EnglishThe objective of the present investigation is the financial activity shown in the Superintendency of Companies, during the period 2007 - 2017, with a sample of 223 companies. The analysis of the data has become a data panel with fixed and random effects, with the application of correlation, in addition to the dispersion of data in this sector the procedure of means of communication + - 3 is applied, in order to decrease the terms of mean and variance. The results obtained determined that financial and economic profitability are related to some variables such as the Gross Margin, Average Payment Period and Average Collection Period, although in some cases this ratio is low.

This study assessed working capital management and performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria 20 firms were sampled, over 10 years. The study employed static data analyses and panel Granger causality test. Result showed that average collection period exerts insignificant negative effect on return on capital employed of the sampled firms, while average collection period also exerts insignificant negative effect on earnings per share of the sampled firms. The result further showed that, average payment period exerts insignificant positive effect on return on capital employed of the sampled firms, but average payment period exerts insignificant negative effect on earnings per share of the sampled firms. The study concluded that, average collection period and average payment exert insignificant effect on return on capital employed of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria, also; average collection period and average payment period exert insignificant effect on earnings per share of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Hence manufacturing firms in Nigeria should objectively manage average collection period and also maintain a consistent improvement in return on capital employed and earnings per share of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria.

This paper aims to study the dynamic relationship between dependent variables of trade credit (net trade credit to total assets and net trade credit to sales), and six independent variables (profit margin, liquidity ratio, and the dummies collection, credit, size, and crisis) using panel vector autoregression during the period 2004-2013 considering data from eight European countries. The results indicate that net trade credit is negatively influenced by crises, forcing firms to use it less due to survival effects but imposing higher trade restrictions. Notwithstanding, net trade credit to sales is positively influenced by the liquidity ratio and profit margin, and vice-versa, but has a negative relationship with credit and collection dummies, imposing credit shortenings and forcing reliance on short-term credit. For the overall period, firms seem to have sold more than having bought on credit due to tightening trade credit, an effect of the financial crisis.

Latex is a colloidal suspended of rubber particle in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Technically, the capacity of rubber productivity can be determined by latex collectionperiod after being tapped. The objective of research was to obtain the differences of latex collection period. The study was conducted in September-November 2017 at the Sungei Putih Research Center in Experimental Estate with PB 260 (7 years tapped) on BO-2 (S/2 d3.ET2.5% Ga1.0 6/y(m)).The experimental designused a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four treatments of latex collection periodi.e 20, 40, 60, 80 minutes after being tapped with three replicates respectively. The parameters observed was gram/tree/tapping (g/p/s), kg/ha/years, latex flow rate (ml/minutes) and total solid content (%).The results showed that latex collection period was significantly different to g/p/s, kg/ha/years and latex flow rate. Total solid content (TSC) was not significantlydifferent in all treatments. The latex collection period of 20 minutes after being tapped had higher productivity than 40, 60, 80 minutes.

The purpose of this research is to learn and explain about the effect of management control system on the increasing of performance, working process and receivables. Management control system has significant impact in affecting company’s accomplishment and how it runs the productions ahead. It also covers management of receivables in determining credit policies, receivables turnover, and monitoring of receivables aging. Management control system contains supervising of human resources which undeniably important when running the production operational. Human resources give ideas and improvisations on upcoming issues faced by the company to achieve its targets and how it contributes to assist in problem solving. Based on the study, a conclusion can be made that management control system have significant impacts on supervision of human resources, monitoring activities, human resources performance measurements, performance evaluation, credit policies, receivables turnover and monitoring of receivables aging. The analysis uncovers the causes and obstacles that restricted company from achieving its goals. For instance, receivable turnover in 2014 had experienced a decline of 0.62% from previously 12.97% to 12.35% in 2015. Nonetheless, the average collection period can still be considered effective due to being collected before due date.

This study is entitled Analysis of Uncollectible Accounts Receivable Turnover Rate at CV Suryamas in OKU Regency, with the formulation of the problem is how to analyze uncollectible accounts on the turnover rate of accounts receivable at CV Suryamas in OKU Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive method. This method is used by means of research prioritizing systematic observation of existing activities to obtain appropriate and targeted results by using the analysis tools for the bad debts ratio and the accounts receivable turnover ratio. The results showed that the risk of uncollectible receivables from CV Suryamas in 2015-2019 was 0.11%. While CV Suryamas' receivables turnover in 2015-2019 was seen from the average collection ratio of 121.78%. When viewed, the ratio of non-performing receivables is 0.11%, which means that there is less risk of uncollectible receivables and the average collection ratio reaches 100%. Based on the analysis of the uncollectible accounts receivable ratio to the CV Suryamas receivable turnover ratio in OKU Regency during 2015-2019, it shows that the management of uncollectible accounts has been strived to run properly. This can be seen from the ratio of arrears whose value is less than 3% and the collection ratio reaching 100%, although the receivable turnover ratio has an impact on the inefficient use of business capital and the average collection period ratio also estimates bad debts at 60%.

Saliva has an important role in maintaining oral health. The mucous membranes are lubricated and protected by the salivary glycoproteins and mucoids. Saliva accomplishes its mechanical cleansing and protective functions through various physical and biochemical mechanisms. Low salivary secretion rate increases the risk for various diseases in the mouth, especially dental caries. Saliva can be collected under both resting and stimulated conditions. Flow rate is usually calculated by dividing the volume of saliva per minute. The duration of the collection period is important, since the flow rate can vary with time. Measurement of whole saliva may be superior and more relevant than measurement of individual gland secretion. The reliability, validity, and correlation between different methods for measuring the flow rate of whole saliva have been studied. The salivary output of parotid glands is usually collected in a two-chambered type of suction and collection cup according to Lashley.

Objectives: To know the season of the year that affects acute coronary syndrome. Methods: Data collection was performed in a tertiary public hospital in southern Brazil, by daily active search of all patients hospitalized for diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome from March 2012 to May 2013. Results: >ey had 94 patients who developed coronary syndrome during the collection period. Of these 43, 9% (n = 40) had acute coronary syndrome in the summer season. >e highest percentage of this event occurred in the age group of 61 to 70 years (20.87%), in males and females in the age of 81 to 87 years with 50%. Both genders had a higher incidence in summer. It is noteworthy that between the ages of 41 and 50 years and 51 and 60 years the female gender was more affected with the circumstance of coronary syndrome in the summer represented by 14.28% and 12.08% respectively. Conclusions: Coronary syndrome occurred more frequently in the summer season in both men and women., Objetivos: conhecer a estação do ano que acomete a síndrome coronariana aguda. Métodos: A coleta de dados foi realizada em um hospital público terciário no sul do Brasil, por meio de busca ativa diária de todos os pacientes que internaram como diagnóstico de síndrome coronariana aguda no período de março de 2012 a maio de 2013. Resultados: Tiveram 94 pacientes que desenvolveram síndrome coronariana no período de coleta. Destes 43, 9% (n=40) apresentaram a síndrome coronariana aguda na estação verão. O maior percentual deste evento ocorreu na faixa etária de 61 a 70 anos (20,87%), no gênero masculino e o feminino na idade de 81 a 87 anos com 50%. Os dois gêneros tiveram maior incidência no verão. Chama a atenção que entre as idades de 41 e 50 anos e 51 e 60 anos o gênero feminino foi mais acometido com a circunstância da síndrome coronariana no verão representado por 14,28% e 12,08% respectivamente. Considerações finais: A síndrome coronariana ocorreu com maior frequência na estação verão tanto em homens como em mulheres.

Background Unintentional Injuries comprise the fifth leading cause of death in Nepal in 2017, an increase of 23% compared to 1990. In Nepal, there is minimal community-derived evidence of home or occupational injuries. Our aim was to describe the epidemiology of injuries in the Makwanpur district, including the causes and risk factors associated with those injuries. Methods A cross-sectional, household survey was undertaken in three administrative areas of Nepal between April-June, 2019. Data were collected electronically about non-fatal and fatal injuries in the previous three months and five years, respectively. Results 17,593 individuals from 3,327 households were surveyed; 394 people were injured. 136/394 (34.5%) injuries occurred in homes, 109 (27.7%) were work-related. 225 (55.8%) were males, the age range was 0–87 years, 123 (30.7%) were child injuries, (0–17 yrs). The most commonly reported injury was falls (n=173, 43.9%), stumbling and tripping were the most common reasons and 73 (42.2%) occurred at home. More injuries occurred in rural administrative areas than urban areas, especially occupational injuries (occupational: chi-square=22.05, p=0.000; home: chi-square=13.89, p Conclusions Home and occupational fall injuries are common, especially in rural areas. Understanding the context of falls, especially identifying and working with particular occupational groups where they are prevalent, may identify risk factors and help target messages about primary falls prevention and interventions. Learning Outcomes Using hand-held computers and local enumerators for data collection in sample areas resulted in minimal missing data and monitoring of data quality during the collection period.

The tests currently used for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 include specimens taken from the upper and lower respiratory tract. Although recommendations from the World Health Organization prioritise the usage of a nasopharyngeal swab (NS), nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) are thought to be superior in identifying SARS-CoV-2 in children. To our knowledge, however, no paediatric study has been published on the subject. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performances of NS referred to NPA for SARS-CoV-2 in children. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of the NS referred to the NPA of the whole sample and considered both age and collection period as covariates in different analyses. We collected 300 paired samples. The NS had a specificity of 97.7% and a sensitivity of 58.1%. We found similar results for the group of subjects ≥ 6 years old, while for subjects < 6 years old, the sensitivity was 66.7% and the specificity 97.8%. Considering period as a covariate, the sensitivity and specificity for patients hospitalised in March (31 patients, 52 records) were 70.0% and 97.6%, while for patients involved in the follow-up (16 patients, 57 records), they were 57.2% and 89.7%. The NS has a low sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2 in children when referred to the NPA, whereas its specificity is high. Our results suggest that in children under 6 years of age, NSs should be preferred whenever possible. Though statistically not significant, the sensitivity of the NS rises when performed before the NPA.

Background N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) topical mosquito repellents are effective personal protection tools. However, DEET-based repellents tend to have low consumer acceptability because they are cosmetically unappealing. More attractive formulations are needed to encourage regular user compliance. This study evaluated the protective efficacy and protection duration of a new topical repellent ointment containing 15% DEET, MAÏA® compared to 20% DEET in ethanol using malaria and dengue mosquito vectors in Bagamoyo Tanzania. Methods Fully balanced 3 × 3 Latin square design studies were conducted in large semi-field chambers using laboratory strains of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, Anopheles arabiensis and Aedes aegypti. Human volunteers applied either MAÏA® ointment, 20% DEET or ethanol to their lower limbs 6 h before the start of tests. Approximately 100 mosquitoes per strain per replicate were released inside each chamber, with 25 mosquitoes released at regular intervals during the collection period to maintain adequate biting pressure throughout the test. Volunteers recaptured mosquitoes landing on their lower limbs for 6 h over a period of 6 to 12-h post-application of repellents. Data analysis was conducted using mixed-effects logistic regression. Results The protective efficacy of MAÏA® and 20% DEET was not statistically different for each of the mosquito strains: 95.9% vs. 97.4% against An. gambiae (OR = 1.53 [95% CI 0.93–2.51] p = 0.091); 96.8% vs 97.2% against An. arabiensis (OR = 1.08 [95% CI 0.66–1.77] p = 0.757); 93.1% vs 94.6% against Ae. aegypti (OR = 0.76 [95% CI 0.20–2.80] p = 0.675). Average complete protection time (CPT) in minutes of MAÏA® and that of DEET was similar for each of the mosquito strains: 571.6 min (95% CI 558.3–584.8) vs 575.0 min (95% CI 562.1–587.9) against An. gambiae; 585.6 min (95% CI 571.4–599.8) vs 580.9 min (95% CI 571.1–590.7) against An. arabiensis; 444.1 min (95% CI 401.8–486.5) vs 436.9 min (95% CI 405.2–468.5) against Ae. aegypti. Conclusions MAÏA® repellent ointment provides complete protection for 9 h against both An. gambiae and An. arabiensis, and 7 h against Ae. aegypti similar to 20% DEET (in ethanol). MAÏA® repellent ointment can be recommended as a tool for prevention against outdoor biting mosquitoes in tropical locations where the majority of the people spend an ample time outdoor before going to bed.

We executed two studies to investigate time to reach steady state (EXP1) and diurnal variations (EXP 2) of markers, in order to recommend spot fecal sampling in sheep. Eight lambs were used in EXP 1. Each animal has received titanium dioxide (TDOX) and chromium oxide (COX) together during two periods of 15 days. Thirty sheep of the Santa Ines breed were used in EXP 2. Fecal samples were taken with 2-h intervals in the last 5 days of each period, simultaneously to total feces collection. A sine–cosine model was used to evaluate EXP 2, and broken-line model for EXP 1. TDOX could complete its recovery after 2.3 days, and it could accurately promote fecal estimates after 3 days of marker infusion. COX could stabilize after 4.1 days, and it could promote fecal estimates after 5 days. However, estimated fecal excretion became similar to total feces output after 3 days for TDOX and after 6 days for COX. For both markers, a total 6 days of adaptation period could be summed to a 3-day collection period. Spot sampling was similar to total fecal output at 6:00 to 8:00 on morning and between 5:00 and 7:00 on afternoon for TDOX. Also, COX could be sampled at 6:00 to 8:00 on morning and between 5:00 and 7:00 on afternoon. External markers could be evaluated from 3-day fecal spot collection. Fecal collections could be made before the morning feeding, and around 6 p.m. for both markers.

Ectoparasitoses are frequent in school-age children and assessing ectoparasitic status becomes relevant. This study established the ectoparasitic status of elementary school students from 5 to 16 years old, in two educational institutions in the municipality of União dos Palmares-AL, based on the in loco identification of the ectoparasite or its suggestive lesions and epidemiological inquiry to responsible for children. There were evaluated 470 students in two different periods (a rainy and a non-rainy period) to investigate the presence of injury or the ectoparasite itself, by superficial body inspection (hands, feet and hair). Among the cases evaluated, 154 positive cases were observed, 5% of which were from Tunga penetrans, 65% Pediculus capitis and 30% Sarcoptes scabiei. The prevalence of ectoparasitoses was 21.3% for P. capitis, 10% for S. escabiei, and 1.5% for T. penetrans. Of the total positive cases for some ectoparasitosis, 41.5% (54/154) were found in the rainy season and 23.4% (36/154) in the non-rainy season. All positive cases were referred for treatment. The study showed infestations for the main ectoparasitoses, especially pediculosis and scabies, which determines the great importance of ectoparasites, Besides that, although there are no long periods of drought in the zone of the Alagoas forest, in the period of scarcity of rains, with high temperatures, characteristic of the region, a higher occurrence for pediculosis was observed, with the influence of the collection period being determined here. KEYWORDS: ectoparasitic infestation, parasitic diseases, public health. RESUMO: As ectoparasitoses são frequentes em crianças em idade escolar e avaliar o status ectoparasitário torna-se relevante. Este estudo estabeleceu o status ectoparasitário dos escolares de ensino fundamental de 5 a 16 anos de idade, em duas instituições de ensino no município de União dos Palmares-AL, a partir da identificação in loco do ectoparasito ou de suas lesões sugestivas e de inquérito epidemiológico aos responsáveis. Foram avaliados 470 escolares em dois períodos diferentes (um período chuvoso e um período não chuvoso) para investigação da presença de lesão ou do próprio ectoparasito, pela inspeção corporal superficial (mãos, pés e cabelos). Entre os casos avaliados, observou-se ocorrência de 154 casos positivos, sendo 5% destes de Tunga penetrans, 65% Pediculus capitis e 30% Sarcoptes scabiei. A prevalência das ectoparasitoses foi de 21,3% para P. capitis, 10% para S. escabiei, e 1,5% para T. penetrans. Do total de casos positivos para alguma ectoparasitose, 41,5% (54/154) foram encontrados no período chuvoso e 23,4% (36/154) no período não chuvoso. Todos os casos positivos foram encaminhados ao tratamento. O estudo mostrou infestações para as principais ectoparasitoses, especialmente pediculose e escabiose, o que determina a grande importância dos ectoparasitos. Além disso, apesar de não existir períodos longos de estiagem na zona da mata alagoana, no período de escassez de chuvas, com altas temperaturas, característico da região, foi observada maior ocorrência para a pediculose, sendo determinada aqui a influência do período de coleta. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: doenças parasitárias, ectoparasitoses, saúde pública.

An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that addition of crystalline amino acids (AA) to diets during the adaptation or collection periods will not influence calculated values for apparent ileal digestibility (AID) or standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in corn and soybean meal (SBM). Seven ileal-cannulated barrows (initial body weight: 77.9 ± 2.6 kg) were allotted to a 7 × 7 Latin Square design with 7 dietary treatments and 7 periods. Dietary treatments included feeding diets based on corn or SBM without or with crystalline AA for the entire 7-d period or with crystalline AA during the adaptation period, but without crystalline AA during the collection period. An N-free diet was also used. Each experimental period consisted of 5 d of adaptation to the diets followed by 2 d of ileal digesta collection, with digesta being collected for 9 hr/d starting after feeding the morning meal. Thus, the entire experiment lasted 49 d. The AID and SID of crude protein (CP) and AA were calculated using values determined in corn or in SBM without or with crystalline AA to determine if crystalline AA influenced calculated values for AID or SID of CP and AA. Results indicated that addition of crystalline AA to diets fed during the entire 7-d period increased (P < 0.05) AID of some AA in corn and SBM. However, no differences in SID of CP and AA were observed between pigs fed the diets without crystalline AA and pigs fed the diets with crystalline AA if dietary crystalline AA were ignored in calculations of SID values. This indicates that crystalline AA were 100% absorbed before the distal ileum and did not affect calculated values for SID of AA if calculations were based only on the AA in corn or SBM. Therefore, it is concluded that crystalline AA may be added to experimental diets in digestibility experiments before and during collection periods without affecting results, if crystalline AA are disregarded in the calculation of AID or SID of AA in ingredients.