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Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ustvrditi učestalost pojave simptoma depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa kod adolescenata te identificirati adolescente u suicidalnom riziku uslijed pandemije i potresa u Hrvatskoj. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 218 učenika prvih i četvrtih razreda jedne zagrebačke gimnazije, a istraživanje je provedeno kako bi se učenicima s izraženim rizikom omogućila podrška stručnjaka. Također, cilj istraživanja predstavljalo je utvrđivanje dobnih i spolnih razlika u navedenim dimenzijama kod sudionika. Glavni nalazi istraživanja pokazuju kako postoji statistički značajna razlika u pojedinim skalama s obzirom na dob učenika, na način da mlađi učenici postižu viši rezultat na dimenzijama anksioznosti i depresivnosti te su podložniji suicidalnom riziku, dok na skali stresa ne postoji statistički značajna razlika. Nadalje, rezultati pokazuju kako postoje spolne razlike u pojedinim skalama, odnosno djevojke češće izvještavaju o visokim razinama stresa i anksioznosti. No, na dimenzijama depresivnosti i suicidalnosti ne postoje značajne razlike. Za buduća istraživanja preporuča se uključivanje većeg broja muških ispitanika kao i proširivanje skale suicidalnog rizika. Podaci dobiveni ovim istraživanjem imaju praktičnu primjenu u radu stručne službe srednjih škola s ciljem jačanja svijesti o važnosti identifikacije učenika s rizikom razvoja nekih poteškoća na području mentalnog zdravlja.

Purpose: Depression and anxiety are mental illnesses which affect many people worldwide. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among Slovenian female football players and non-players. Methods: The sample consisted of Slovenian female football players playing in the Slovenian 1st female football league or youth league (n = 78) and non-player peers (n = 120) with an average age of the total sample 22±4 years. The participants filled out a questionnaire including some general questions (age, physical activity levels, participation in competitive sports), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: The most commonly observed were normal and mild levels of depression and anxiety. According to the results of depression in BDI-II, 43.6% of athletes experienced moderate to severe depression compared to 15.8% of peers (p = 0.001). Results from DASS-21 show that 71.8% of athletes experience normal to mild symptoms of depression and 56.4% experience the same levels of anxiety. Similarly, 75% of peers experience normal to mild depressive symptoms and 56.7% reported normal to mild symptoms of anxiety. No statistical differences were found in these categories. Conclusion: We have gained insight into the current prevalence of depression and anxiety among female football players and their peers but more research needs to be done.

Število starejših ljudi se z leti vztrajno povečuje, vse večja pa je tudi pojavnost s starostjo povezanih kroničnih bolezni. Parkinsonova bolezen je vedno vpeta v širše družinsko, partnersko, poklicno in družabno življenje, kar dokazuje tudi vse bolj opazen trend naraščanja stopnje družinske (neformalne) oskrbe. Skrb za družinskega člana v življenje oskrbovalcev vnaša smisel, upanje in hvaležnost, hkrati pa lahko svojci zaradi visoke čustvene vpletenosti in fizične izčrpanosti doživljajo tudi anksioznost, depresivnost ali izgorelost. Pri slednjem obstajajo tudi velike medosebne razlike, ki jih lahko pripišemo razlikam v lastnostih bolezni, oskrbovane osebe ali oskrbovalcev. Dosedanje raziskave ugotavljajo, da so za ustrezno prilagajanje na bolezen pomembni predhodni odnosi med družinskimi člani, hkrati pa se le-ti po nastopu bolezni močno spreminjajo sočasno z razvojem bolezni. Namen magistrske naloge je bil preveriti, kako se kohezivnost, konflikt in izraznost povezujejo z anksioznostjo in depresivnostjo družinskih oskrbovalcev oseb s Parkinsonovo boleznijo ter kako se slednji dve meri duševnega zdravja povezujeta z različni načini spoprijemanja s stresom. Raziskala sem tudi razlike med oskrbovalci v merah družinskih odnosov ter anksioznosti in depresivnosti. Vzorec je zajemal 44 družinskih oskrbovalcev, ki so izpolnili Indeks družinskih odnosov (FRI), Vprašalnik spoprijemanja s stresom (CRI) in Lestvico hospitalne anksioznosti in depresivnosti (HADS). Rezultati so pokazali negativno povezavo med izraznostjo in anksioznostjo. Pri spoprijemanju s stresom se je anksioznost značilno pozitivno povezovala s kognitivnim izogibanjem, resignacijo in čustvenim olajšanjem, depresivnost pa se je pozitivno povezovala s pozitivno ponovno oceno. Ugotovitve dajejo dobro izhodišče za nadaljnje raziskave in idejo za razvoj programov pomoči preko učenja učinkovitega izražanja čustev ali spoprijemanja s stresom. Rezultati so pokazali tudi statistično značilne medosebne razlike v družinskih odnosih, anksioznosti in depresivnosti glede na prejemanje dodatne pomoči pri oskrbovanju, odnos z oskrbovano osebo in pogostost oskrbovanja. Magistrska naloga tako opozarja tudi na določene skupine družinskih oskrbovalcev, ki potrebujejo še dodatno pozornost. The number of elderly people and age-related chronic diseases keeps rising. Parkinson's disease usually merges with family, work and social life which is also evident from the growing trend of family (informal) caregiving. Caring for a family member enriches caregivers' life by giving them meaning and hope, but is also accompanied by physical strain and high emotional involvement, which on the downside contributes to caregivers' anxiety, depression and burnout. The level of mental health problems varies between individuals due to differences in characteristics of the disease, care recievers and caregivers. Research has shown pre-established family relationships to be an important factor contributing to family adjustment to a member's illness but also that relationships change during changes and development of the disease. The aim of this master's thesis was to explore the connections between anxiety and depression and cohesion, conflict and expressiveness on a sample of family caregivers of people with Parkinson's disease, and to explore how anxiety and depression relate to coping strategies. The thesis also deals with cohesion, conflict, expressiveness, anxiety and depresssion differences among caregivers. In this study, 44 participants completed Family relationship index (FRI), Coping responses inventory (CRI) and Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Results showed a negative correlation between expressiveness and anxiety. Among coping responses, anxiety was positively correlated with cognitive avoidance, resignation and emotional discharge. Depression was positively correlated with positive reappraisal. These findings prompt further research and initiate the development of programs focusing on emotion expression and effective coping for caregivers. Results also showed individual differences among caregivers in beforementioned mental health problems and family relationships measures due to differences in recieving additional help, relation to care reciever and the frequency of caregiving. Thus the master's thesis also sheds light on groups of family caregivers in need of additional attention.

Upotreba i implementacija humora je, u psihološkom smislu, oduvijek smatrana sastavnom komponentom čovjekove dobrobiti, a interes za njegovo istraživanje je potaknuo stvaranje različitih konceptualizacija tog konstrukta. Vodeći se četverodimenzijskim pristupom Martina i suradnika (2003) koji diferencira njegove adaptivne i maladaptivne pojavnosti, dosadašnja su se istraživanja bavila ispitivanjem relacija pojedinih stilova humora s pokazateljima određenih mentalnih stanja, kao i mehanizmima kojima djeluju na njih. Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio ispitati odnos četiriju stilova humora (afilijativnog, samopoboljšavajućeg, agresivnog i samoporažavajućeg) s mjerama automatskih misli, anksioznosti i depresivnosti. U istraživanju provedenom u online obliku sudjelovalo je 358 sudionika dobnog raspona od 18 do 60 godina, pri čemu udio žena iznosi 65.9 % (N=236), a muškaraca 34.1 % (N=122). Sudionici su ispunjavali set od triju mjernih instrumenata kojeg su sačinjavali kratka verzija Upitnika automatskih misli, Upitnik stilova humora te Skala bolničke anksioznosti i depresivnosti, a kojima su prethodila sociodemografska pitanja. U svrhu validacije kratke verzije Upitnika automatskih misli provedena je konfirmatorna faktorska analiza kojom je potvrđena njegova jednofaktorska struktura, kao i visoke razine pouzdanosti i faktorskih zasićenja čestica. Nadalje, utvrđena je značajna povezanost stilova humora s mjerama automatskih misli, anksioznosti i depresivnosti, pri čemu adaptivni stilovi humora (afilijativni i samopoboljšavajući) s navedenim trima mjerama koreliraju negativno, a samoporažavajući humor pozitivno. Agresivni stil humora nije značajno povezan ni s jednim od triju indikatora. Glede automatskih misli, pokazalo se kako one visoko pozitivno koreliraju s mjerama anksioznosti i depresivnosti, kao i da dvije potonje mjere pokazuju pozitivnu povezanost. Također, rezultati regresijskih analiza pokazali su kako su afilijativni i samopoboljšavajući humor negativni prediktori automatskih misli i depresivnosti, s tim da je samopoboljšavajući stil negativan prediktor i u slučaju anksioznosti. S druge strane, ženski spol i samoporažavajući humor su pozitivni prediktori anksioznosti i depresivnosti, pri čemu se samoporažavajući stil pokazao pozitivnim prediktorom i kod automatskih misli. The use and implementation of humor, in a psychological sense, has always been considered an integral component of human well-being, and the interest in its research has stimulated the creation of different conceptualizations of that construct. Guided by the four-dimensional approach of Martin and his associates (2003), which differentiates its adaptive and maladaptive manifestations, previous research has dealt with the examination of the relationships of particular humor styles with indicators of certain mental states, as well as the mechanisms by which they act on them. The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between four humor styles (affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive and self-defeating) with measures of automatic thoughts, anxiety and depression. 358 participants with age range 18-60 took part in the online survey, where the proportion of women is 65.9% (N=236) and men 34.1% (N=122). The participants completed a set of three measuring instruments made up of a short version of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, the Humor Styles Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, preceded by a sociodemographic questions. In order to validate the short version of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, which confirmed its one-factor structure, as well as the high level of reliability and factor saturation of the items. Furthermore, a significant association of humor styles with measures of automatic thoughts, anxiety and depression was found, whereby adaptive humor styles (affiliative and self-enhancing) correlate negatively with the three mentioned measures, and self-defeating humor positively. Aggressive humor is not significantly related to any of the three indicators. Regarding automatic thoughts, it was found that they are highly positively correlated with measures of anxiety and depression, as well as that the two latter measures show a positive interrelation. Also, the results of regression analyzes showed that affiliative and self-enhancing humor are negative predictors of automatic thoughts and depression, with the self-enhancing style being a negative predictor of anxiety as well. On the other hand, female gender and self-defeating humor are positive predictors of anxiety and depression, with self-defeating humor also being a positive predictor of automatic thoughts.

Vplivi sodobnega sveta spreminjajo tudi razmere na trgu dela. Prevladuje zahteva po fleksibilni delovni sili, kar vodi v vse bolj nestabilne oblike dela. Prekarno delo je tisto, ki je drugačno od splošno sprejetega. Opredeljujeta ga predvsem nestabilnost in negotovost v trajanju in količini dela, poleg tega pa tudi nevarni delovni pogoji, nizek prihodek in drugo. Takšno delo pogosto pomeni tudi nižji življenjski standard zaposlenega. Poleg merjenja objektivne prekarnosti dela se je smiselno osredotočiti tudi na subjektivno zaznavo prekarnosti dela. To je koncept, ki pomeni subjektivno zaznavo objektivnih pogojev prekarnosti zaposlitve in opisuje individualno psihološko izkušnjo nestabilnosti, negotovosti in nemoči, povezane z delom. Ker je delo ena izmed človekovih glavnih dejavnosti, pomembno prispeva k duševnemu zdravju delovno aktivne populacije. Duševno zdravje lahko merimo s splošnimi merami ali pa z različnimi kazalniki, na primer s pomočjo merjenja depresivnosti, anksioznosti, psihološkega blagostanja in zadovoljstva z delom. Raziskave kažejo, da se višja stopnja obeh vrst prekarnosti pozitivno povezuje s kazalniki negativnega duševnega zdravja, s kazalniki pozitivnega duševnega zdravja pa se povezuje negativno. Velja, da naj bi bila ta povezava močnejša, kadar kot mero izberemo subjektivne zaznave, ne pa objektivnih vidikov. Neprekarni delavci izkazujejo boljše duševno zdravje kot prekarni. V magistrski nalogi me je zanimalo, ali te ugotovitve veljajo tudi v slovenskem prostoru. V vzorec sem zbrala polnoletne delovno aktivne udeležence, ki so bili v času reševanja zaposleni v kateri koli obliki zaposlitve (prekarni ali neprekarni). Za merjenje kazalnikov duševnega zdravja sem uporabila nekatere že obstoječe pripomočke, poleg tega pa sem za namene magistrske naloge priredila pripomoček za merjenje subjektivno zaznane prekarnosti in oblikovala kratek vprašalnik za merjenje objektivne prekarnosti. Večina rezultatov je pokazala podobne ugotovitve, kot jih različni avtorji navajajo v literaturi, kar kaže tako na negativen vpliv prekarnosti dela na duševno zdravje kot tudi na vpliv slabšega duševnega zdravja na kakovost in stabilnost zaposlitve. Modern world influences are changing conditions in the labour market. The demand for a flexible work force is prevailing, which leads to unstable work forms. Precarious work is different from usual standards. It is mostly defined with unstability and uncertainty of duration and quantity of work, and also with dangerous working conditions, low salaries etc. This kind of work often means lower living standard of a worker. Measuring objective work precarity is necessary, but it also makes sense to focus on subjective perception of work precarity. It is a concept which means subjective perception of objective conditions of work precarity and it describes an individual psychological experience of unstability, uncertainty and powerlesness connected to work. Work is one of the main human activities and it has an important contribution to mental health of the working population. We assess mental health with general measures or with different indicators (e. g. depression, anxiety, psychological well-being and satisfaction with life). Research shows that higher levels of both kinds of precarity correlate positively with indicators of negative mental health and negatively with indicators of positive mental health. It is assumed that this connection is higher when measuring subjective perception rather than objective aspects. Non-precarious workers display better mental health than the precarious. I was interested if this findings can be applied to Slovenian population. There were full-aged working participants in my sample, who have been employed in any kind of work form at the time. Existing measurements were used for assessing mental health. In addition, I have adapted a scale for assessing subjective work precarity and formed a brief questionnaire for assessing objective precarity for the purposes of my master's thesis. Results mostly showed findings simmilar to the ones in the literature, which shows a two-way negative influence of work precarity and mental health on one another.

Fenomen uljeza se odnosi na uzorak ponašanja prema kojem kompetentni pojedinci imaju sumnje u vlastite sposobnosti i prisutan je konstantan strah da će biti razotkriveni kao prevaranti. Cilj istraživanja bio je provjeriti odnos fenomena uljeza i samopoštovanja, depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa na uzorku studenata i zaposlenih, te dobiti detaljniji uvid u različite aspekte fenomena uljeza iz perspektive sudionika, preciznije period pojave u životu i situacije javljanja, negativne aspekte te načine nošenja i prevladavanja. Prvi problem bio je provjeriti postoje li razlike između studenata i zaposlenih u intenzitetu obilježja fenomena uljeza, nadalje provjeriti postoje li razlike u depresivnosti, anksioznosti, stresu i samopoštovanju s obzirom na manji i veći intenzitet obilježja fenomena uljeza i konačno kvalitativnim pristupom dobiti detaljan uvid u čimbenike perioda pojave u životu i situacija javljanja fenomena uljeza, negativne aspekte vezane uz fenomen uljeza i čimbenike nošenja i prevladavanja. Istraživanje mješovitog nacrta provedeno je online metodom. Studenti i zaposleni u društvenim znanostima (N=324, dobi M=30.39) su popunjavali Clance ljestvicu fenomena varalice (Čarapina Zovko i sur., 2021), Skalu depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa (Reić Ercegovac i Penezić, 2012), Skalu samosviđanja i samokompetencije (Tafarodi i Swann, 1995) te opisna pitanja. Studenti pokazuju veći intenzitet obilježja fenomena uljeza u odnosu na zaposlene. Sudionici koji pokazuju veći intenzitet obilježja fenomena uljeza imaju više razine depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa te niže samopoštovanje u odnosu na sudionike koji pokazuju manji intenzitet obilježja fenomena uljeza. Tri glavne teme kvalitativne analize su period pojave u životu i situacije javljanja, negativni aspekti te čimbenici nošenja i prevladavanja fenomena uljeza. The impostor phenomenon refers to a pattern of behavior in which competent people doubt their abilities and constantly fear being exposed as impostors. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between impostor phenomenon and self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of students and professionals, and to get insight into different aspects of the impostor phenomenon from the perspective of participants, precisely the period in life and the situations of occurrence, negative aspects and coping. The first problem was to check the differences between students and professionals in the intensity of impostor features, secondly to check the differences in depression, anxiety, stress and self-esteem with regard to lower and higher impostor features intensity, and finally to obtain insight through a qualitative approach into the period in life and the situations of occurrence, negative aspects and coping. The mixed-design research was conducted using the online method. Students and professionals in social sciences (N=324, age M=30.39) completed The Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (Čarapina Zovko et al., 2021), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (Reić Ercegovac and Penezić, 2012), the Self-Liking and Self-Competence scale (Tafarodi and Swann, 1995) and descriptive questions. Students show a higher intensity of impostor features compared to employees. Participants who show a higher intensity of the imposter phenomenon features have higher levels of depression, anxiety, stress and lower self-esteem compared to participants who show lower intensity. Three main themes of the qualitative analysis are periods in life and the situations of occurrence, negative aspects, and coping.

Med mirovanjem se nam skoraj vedno porajajo spontane misli. Njihova vsebina in oblika je odvisna od zunanjih dogodkov in konteksta kot tudi od razpoloženja in stabilnih osebnostnih lastnosti posameznika. Do variabilnosti v vsebini in obliki misli prihaja tako na medosebni kot znotrajosebni ravni. V magistrskem delu smo želeli s pomočjo samoocenjevalnih vprašalnikov preučiti vsebino in obliko misli v stanju mirovanja. Poleg tega je bil namen raziskave preveriti, kakšno vlogo pri pojasnjevanju kognicije v mirovanju imajo medosebne razlike v stabilnih osebnostnih lastnostih ter depresivni in anksiozni simptomatiki. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 298 oseb, starih od 18 do 79 let. Izključitveni kriterij je bila prisotnost razpoloženjskih motenj. Sodelovanje v raziskavi je poteklo preko spleta. Udeleženci so najprej izpolnili demografske podatke, nato pa so 5 minut mirovali v tihem in mirnem prostoru. Po mirovanju so izpolnili kontrolna vprašanja in dva vprašalnika o vsebini kognicije, ki smo ju prevedli in preverili njune psihometrične značilnosti. Nadalje so rešili še vprašalnik oblike kognicije v mirovanju, ki smo ga priredili, ter vprašalnike osebnostnih lastnosti, depresivne in anksiozne simptomatike. Rezultati so pokazali, da se nekatere osebnostne lastnosti, depresivni in anksiozni simptomi značilno povezujejo z vsebinskimi dimenzijami diskontinuiteta uma, teorija uma, jaz, načrtovanje, zaspanost in udobje. Značilne, vendar šibkejše so bile povezave z oblikovnimi dimenzijami notranji govor, glasbene izkušnje, izkušnje s števili in zavedanje telesa. Osebnostne lastnosti so pojasnile razmeroma malo variabilnosti v vsebini in obliki kognicije v mirovanju, največ pri dimenziji udobje. Depresivna in anksiozna simptomatika nista pomembno doprinesli k pojasnjeni variabilnosti, najverjetneje zaradi multikolinearnosti z nevroticizmom. Sklepamo lahko, da je kognicija v mirovanju v večji meri odvisna od trenutnih dogodkov, konteksta in okoliščin v vsakdanjem življenju kot od stabilnih dispozicijskih lastnosti. Spontaneous thoughts almost always appear during resting-state. Their content and form depends on external events and context as well as the mood and stable personality traits, due to which they vary on both inter- and intraindividual level. The aim of the master's thesis, was to examine the content and form of thoughts in resting-state based on self-report questionnaires. In addition, we addressed the question to what extent can interpersonal differences in stable personality traits, depressive and anxiety symptoms explain differences in resting-state cognition. 298 participants, aged between 18 and 79, without mood disorders took part in an online study. Participants first completed a few demographic questions and then rested for 5 minutes in a quiet and peaceful room. After rest the participants completed a set of control questions about resting and two adapted questionnaires on the content of cognition. The questionnaires were also validated. Furthermore, participants also completed the questionnaire on the form of resting-state cognition, personality questionnaire and questionaires on depressive and anxiety symptoms. The results indicated that some personality traits, depressive and anxiety symptoms are significantly associated with the content dimensions discontinuity od mind, theory of mind, self, planning, sleepiness and comfort. Significant but weaker were associations with form dimensions of inner speech, inner musical experiences, number experiences and somatosensory awareness. Personality traits explained relatively small proportion of variance in content and form of resting-state cognition, mostly on the dimension of comfort. Depressive and anxiety symptoms have not contributed significantly to the explained variability, most likely due to multicolinearity with neuroticism. We can conclude that resting-state cognition depends on current events, context and circumstances in everyday life, to a higher extent than on stable dispositional characteristics.

Cilj istraživanja je prikazati pojavnost depresije kod studenata koji su se preselili u druge gradove zbog studiranja te utvrditi pojavnost depresije kod studenata općenito. Metode rada: Anketa je provedena online putem 2020. godine i obuhvaćala je ispitanike Sjeverozapadne Hrvatske. Prikupljeni su sociodemografski podaci, te podaci o prisutnosti određenih raspoloženja prilikom preseljenja . Svi upitnici popunjavani su online putem Google aplikacije. Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 88 studenata s područja Republike Hrvatske. Pritom je 79 sudionika (89.8%) bilo ženskog spola. Većina sudionika (73.9%) je bila kronološke dobi od 18 do 24 godine, najveći udio sudionika (42%) aktualno je pohađalo treću godinu studijskog usmjerenja, najzastupljeniji su sudionici koji fakultetsko obrazovanje pohađaju u Varaždinskoj županiji (38.6%). Rezultati istraživanja upućuju da je najveći udio sudionika prilikom preseljenja doživljavao osjećaj uzbuđenosti (36%), a potom osjećaj nervoznosti (27%) te uplašenosti (18%). Najvećem udjelu sudionika (62.5%) su njihova obitelj i prijatelji počeli nedostajati već tijekom prvog tjedna boravka u mjestu studiranja. Sudionici u prosjeku svaki drugi dan kontaktiraju roditelje. Većina sudionika ovog istraživanja (72.7%) smatra sebe prilagođenim na mjesto studiranja. Većina sudionika istraživanja (67%) percipira nedjelju kao dan koji je obilježen pojavnošću neugodnih emocija i prazninom. Zaključak: Selidba je promjena koja značajno utječe na život osobe i kod svakog pokreće određene osjećaje što je demonstrirano provedenim istraživanjem. Većina studenata prilagodila se nakon tranzicije. Studenti koji češće komuniciraju s roditeljima imaju jači osjećaj čežnje za domom koji je na vrhuncu krajem tjedna što se može pripisati nedostajanju obiteljskih običaja, dosadi, povratku na studij, udaljenosti novog povratka doma. Fakulteti mogu implementirati sustave podrške za studente kako bi im olakšali tranziciju. The aim of the research is to show the incidence of depression among students who moved to other cities for their studies and to determine the incidence of depression among students in general. Work methods: The survey was conducted online until 2020 and included respondents from Northwestern Croatia. Sociodemographic data were collected, as well as data on the presence of certain moods during relocation. All questionnaires were completed online through Google applications. Results: 88 students from the Republic of Croatia participated in the research. 79 participants (89.8%) were female. The majority of participants (73.9%) were chronologically aged from 18 to 24 years, the largest share of participants (42%) was currently in their third year of study, and the most represented participants are attending university in Varaždin County (38.6%) . The results of the research indicate that most of the participants experience a feeling of excitement when moving (36%), followed by a feeling of nervousness (27%) and fear (18%). The largest share of participants (62.5%) started missing their family and friends already during the first week of their stay in the place of study. On average, the participants contact their parents every second day. Most of the participants of this research (72.7%) consider themselves adapted to the place of study. The majority of research participants (67%) perceive Sunday as a day marked by the appearance of unpleasant emotions and emptiness. Conclusion: Moving is a change that significantly affects a person's life and triggers certain feelings in everyone, as demonstrated by the conducted research. Most students adapted after the transition. Students who communicate more often with their parents have a stronger sense of longing for home, which is at its peak at the end of the week, which can be attributed to the lack of family customs, boredom, returning to studies, and the distance of the new return home. Faculties can implement support systems for students to ease their transition.

Problematična uporaba interneta (PUI) se smatra kot zloraba internetnega medija, za katero je značilna posameznikova nezmožnost nadziranja lastne uporabe, kar negativno vpliva na posameznikova različna življenjska področja. Povezuje se z mnogimi psihosocialnimi problemi in drugimi težavami z duševnim zdravjem. Večina mladostnikov, ki poleg mladih odraslih predstavljajo večinske uporabnike tehnoloških orodij, uporablja internet predvsem za socialno interakcijo, nekateri pa uporabljajo internet na neprilagojen način z namenom blaženja psihološkega distresa. Problematični uporabniki interneta predstavljajo tvegano skupino za razvoj zasvojenosti z internetom, ki močno ovira posameznikovo življenje. Raziskave kažejo, da so mladostniki zaradi specifičnosti razvojnega obdobja adolescence najbolj ranljiva skupina za oblikovanje problematičnih internetnih vedenj. Na razvoj PUI lahko negativno ali zaščitno vplivajo mnogi dejavniki, npr. obstoječe težave v duševnem zdravju, določene spletne vsebine in mladostnikova navezanost na bližnje. Na vzorcu zadnje triade slovenskih osnovnošolcev (N = 211) sem preučila prisotnost in raven problematične uporabe interneta, razlike med spoloma in povezanost z depresivnostjo, socialno anksioznostjo in navezanostjo na starše in vrstnike. Ugotovila sem, da je višja raven PUI značilna za dekleta, za tiste z višje izraženo depresivnostjo in socialno anksioznostjo, za tiste s slabšim učnim uspehom, za pogoste uporabnike socialnih omrežij, za t. i. intenzivne uporabnike interneta in videovsebin, ki nadpovprečno uporabljajo vse spletne vsebine (predvsem socialna omrežja in pornografijo) in igrajo video igre na osebnem računalniku in konzolah ter za tiste z nizko navezanostjo na starše in vrstnike. Višjih ravni PUI pri nižji starosti nismo uspeli potrditi. Rezultati hierarhične linearne regresije so ob nadzoru sociodemografskih dejavnikov pokazali, da imata največjo napovedno vrednost za razvoj PUI depresivnost ter vzorec spletne aktivnosti, za katerega je značilna intenzivna uporaba vseh aktivnosti in video iger. Kot statistično značilen napovednik se je pokazala tudi nižja navezanost na mamo. Z ugotovitvami želim opozoriti na pomen psihosocialnih ter čustvenih problemov pri razvoju in vzdrževanju problematičnega odnosa do interneta. Ugotovitve so lahko koristne za informiranje o zdravi uporabi interneta in oblikovanju presejalnih ter preventivnih smernic za preprečevanje razvoja zasvojenosti z internetom. Problematic internet use (PIU) is defined as abuse of the internet medium that is characterized by an individual's inability to control their own internet use, which negatively affects various aspects of their life. It is associated with many psychosocial and other mental health problems. Adolescents and young adults represent the majority of technology users. Most adolescents primarily use the internet for social interaction, but some also misuse it in order to alleviate psychological distress. Problematic internet users have a higher risk of developing internet addiction, which greatly interferes with and hinders normal everyday life. Research shows that due to the specifics of their developmental stage, adolescents pose a higher risk of developing problematic internet behaviors. Factors such as pre-existing mental health problems, certain web content, and the quality of attachment to loved ones can have a protective or harmful effect on the development of PIU. In a sample of Slovenian primary school pupils in the last triad (N = 211), we evaluated the presence and level of problematic internet use, and studied gender differences, association with depression, social anxiety, and attachment to parents and peers. We found higher levels of PIU in girls and those with higher scores on depression and social anxiety, those with lower academic performance, those with above average use of web content (especially social networks, pornography, and PC and console gaming), and those with low attachment to parents and peers. We were unable to confirm higher levels of PIU at the lower age. The results of hierarchical linear regression, in which we controlled for the socioemographic factors, showed that depression, the pattern of online activity, characterized by intensive use of video games and internet activities have the highest predictive value for the development of PIU. Low maternal attachment was also shown to be an important predictor of PIU. The goal of the research was to explore and draw attention to the important role of psychosocial and emotional problems in the development and maintenance of problematic internet behaviors. These findings can be useful in spreading awareness about healthy internet use and in the development of screening and prevention guidelines in the field of internet addiction.

Ljutnja je kompleksan emocionalni, fiziološki i psihološki fenomen kod kojeg možemo razlikovati doživljavanje (eng. experience) i izražavanje (eng. expression) ljutnje. Doživljavanje ljutnje odnosi se na intenzitet doživljene ljutnje dok se izražavanje ljutnje više odnosi na način na koji se ljutnja manifestira kod pojedinca, jednom kada je doživljena. Ljestvica izražavanja ljutnje (Spielberger i sur., 1985) najčešće je korišten mjerni instrument u slučaju ispitivanja stila izražavanja ljutnje, a do sada nije bila prevedena na hrvatski jezik. Unutar ovog mjernog instrumenta izražavanje ljutnje sastoji se od tri faktora: (a) Vanjska ljutnja - tendencija vidljivog iskazivanja ljutnje, najčešće na agresivan način, (b) Unutrašnja ljutnja - tendencija doživljavanja, ali potiskivanja izražavanja ljutnje te (c) Kontrola ljutnje - tendencija da u situacijama doživljavanja ljutnje, pojedinac ostane smiren te regulira emocionalnu i bihevioralnu ekspresiju ljutnje. U novijim radovima kao važan konstrukt, po stil izražavanja ljutnje pokazala se anksiozna osjetljivost (Thompson i Schmidt, 2021), koja označava strah od simptoma anksioznosti, na razini socijalnih, fizičkih i psihičkih briga (Taylor i sur, 2007). Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati faktorsku strukturu Ljestvice izražavanja ljutnje te prediktivnu važnost anksiozne osjetljivosti i njenih podskala te anksioznosti, depresivnosti i stresa na stil izražavanja ljutnje. Na skupini stanovnika RH starijih od 18 godina (N=523) provedeno je mjerenje varijabli u fokusu. Rezultati faktorske analize Ljestvice izražavanja ljutnje ukazali su na dvofaktorsku strukturu (unutrašnja ljutnja i vanjska ljutnja) sa ukupno objašnjeno 33.9% varijance. Provedbom 2 multiple regresijske analize, identificirani su značajni prediktori u kontekstu stila izražavanja ljutnje. Značajni prediktori stila izražavanja ljutnje prema van pokazali su se: stres te subskala anksiozne osjetljivosti psihičke brige. Značajnim prediktorima stila izražavanja ljutnje prema van pokazali su se: depresivnost te subskale anksiozne osjetljivosti socijalne brige i psihičke brige. Navedeni nalazi ukazuju na povezanost vjerovanja i ponašanja u osnovi anksiozne osjetljivosti i stila izražavanja ljutnje In the research tradition, a distinction is made between experience and expression of anger. According to this conceptualization, the experience of anger refers to the intensity of the anger experienced, while the expression of anger refers to the way in which anger is manifested, once it has been experienced. Spielberger's (1985) conceptualization and measurement instrument of anger expression is the most dominant theoretical framework in this area. According to him, the expression of anger consists of three factors: (a) Anger-Out - the tendency to express anger visibly, most often in an aggressive manner, (b) Anger-In - the tendency to experience but suppress the expression of anger, and (c) Anger-Control - the tendency that in situations of experiencing anger, the individual remains calm and regulates the emotional and behavioral expression of anger. In recent works, anxiety sensitivity has been shown to be an important construct in the domain of anger expression (Thompson and Schmidt, 2021), which indicates the fear of anxiety symptoms, at the level of social, physical and psychological concerns (Taylor et al, 2007). The aim of this research was to examine factor structure of Anger Expression Scale, as well as the predictive importance of anxiety sensitivity and its subscales and anxiety, depression and stress on the style of expressing anger. Measurement was carried out on a group of residents of the Republic of Croatia (older than 18 years old) (N=523). The results of the factor analysis of the Anger Expression Scale indicated a two-factor structure (Anger-In and Anger-Out) with a total of 33.9% of variance explained. Significant predictors of Anger-Out were shown to be stress and the anxiety sensitivity subscale, cognitive concerns. Significant predictors of the style of Anger-In were depression, and the anxiety sensitivity subscales psychological and social concerns. The above-mentioned findings indicate the connection between the beliefs underlying anxiety sensitivity and the style of expressing anger.

Istraživanje je za cilj imalo ispitati povezanost dimenzija privrženosti (anksioznosti i izbjegavanja) sa depresivnošću, depresivnom ruminacijom, socioseksualnošću i agresivnošću te utvrditi postoji li povezanost agresivnosti i depresivnosti te depresivnosti i socioseksualnosti, uz provjeru razlika s obzirom na spol i seksualnu orijentaciju sudionika u svim navedenim varijablama te provjeru doprinosa navedenih varijabli u objašnjenju depresivnosti s obzirom na seksualnu orijentaciju sudionika. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 380 sudionika studentske populacije, koji su kategorizirani u pripadnike LGBT populacije (neheteroseksualne sudionike, N=75) i heteroseksualne sudionike (N=305). Sudionici su ispunili upitnik socioseksualnosti (SOI-R), skraćenu verziju Brennanova inventara u bliskim vezama (ECRI) autorica Kamenov i Jelić, kratki upitnik agresivnosti (ASQ), skalu depresivnosti (DASS-42) te skalu depresivne ruminacije (RRS). Utvrđena je značajna pozitivna povezanost dimenzija privrženosti (anksioznosti i izbjegavanja) sa depresivnošću, depresivnom ruminacijom, agresivnošću i socioseksualnošću, uz izraženiju povezanost dimenzije anksioznosti i depresivnosti. Također su utvrđene značajne pozitivne povezanosti depresivnosti i agresivnosti kao i depresivnosti i socioseksualnosti. Osim toga, utvrđene su razlike s obzirom na spol u dimenziji izbjegavanja, ukupnoj socioseksualnosti (i svim njezinim facetama – želje, stavovi, ponašanja) te u fizičkoj i verbalnoj agresivnosti. Mladići su socioseksualno nerestriktivniji, više izbjegavajući te fizički i verbalno agresivniji u odnosu na djevojke. Međutim, nisu utvrđene značajne razlike s obzirom na spol u ukupnoj agresivnosti, dimenziji anksioznosti, depresivnosti i depresivnoj ruminaciji. Nadalje, što se razlika s obzirom na seksualnu orijentaciju tiče, utvrđene su značajne razlike u ukupnoj socioseksualnosti i svim njezinim facetama (želje, stavovi i ponašanja), anksioznosti, depresivnosti, depresivnoj ruminaciji i fizičkoj agresivnosti. Pripadnici LGBT populacije socioseksualno su nerestriktivniji, anksiozniji, depresivniji, značajno skloniji depresivnoj ruminaciji i fizičkoj agresivnosti u odnosu na heteroseksualne sudionike. Konačno, depresivna ruminacija pokazala se pozitivnim značajnim prediktorom depresivnosti na poduzorku heteroseksualnih sudionika, dok su na poduzorku neheteroseksualnih sudionika (pripadnika LGBT populacije) depresivna ruminacija i ljutnja pozitivni značajni prediktori depresivnosti. Nije utvrđen značajan doprinos dimenzija privrženosti, socioseksualnostiukupne agresivnosti i njezinih triju komponenti (fizička i verbalna agresivnost te hostilnost) u objašnjenju depresivnosti kako kod heteroseksualnih tako i kod neheteroseksualnih sudionika. The aim of the research was to examine the connection between the dimensions of attachment (anxiety and avoidance) with depression, depressive rumination, sociosexuality and aggressiveness, and to determine whether there is a connection between aggressiveness and depression and depression and sociosexuality, while checking for differences with regard to the gender and sexual orientation of the participants in all of the aforementioned variables and checking the contribution of the mentioned variables in the explanation of depression with regard to the sexual orientation of the participants. 389 participants of the student population took part in the research, who were categorized into members of the LGBT population (non-heterosexual participants, N=75) and heterosexual participants (N=305). The participants filled out the sociosexuality questionnaire (SOI-R), the shortened version of the Brennan Inventory in close relationships (ECRI) by Kamenov and Jelić, the short aggression questionnaire (ASQ), the depression subscale (SDD) and the depressive rumination scale (RRS). A significant positive association of the dimensions of attachment (anxiety and avoidance) with depression, depressive rumination, aggressiveness and sociosexuality was established, with a pronounced association of the dimensions of anxiety and depression. Significant positive associations between depression and aggression as well as depression and sociosexuality were also determined. In addition, gender differences were found in the dimension of avoidance, overall sociosexuality (and all its facets – desires, attitudes, behaviors) and in physical and verbal aggressiveness. Young men are sociosexually more non-restrictive, more avoidant and physically and verbally aggressive compared to girls. However, no significant gender differences were found in overall aggressiveness, anxiety dimension, depression and depressive rumination. Furthermore, as far as differences regarding sexual orientation are concerned, significant differences were found in total sociosexuality and all its facets (desires, attitudes and behaviors), anxiety, depression, depressive rumination and physical aggressiveness. Members of the LGBT population are sociosexually non-restrictive, more anxious, more depressed, significantly more prone to depressive rumination and physical aggression compared to heterosexual participants. Depressive rumination proved to be a positive significant predictor of depression in the subsample of heterosexual participants, while in the subsample of non-heterosexual participants (members of the LGBT population), depressive rumination and anger were positive significant predictors of depression. No significant contribution of the dimension of attachment, sociosexuality (with its facets concerning sexual behavior, attitudes and desires), overall aggressiveness and its three components (physical and verbal aggressiveness and hostility) in explaining depression in both heterosexual and non-heterosexual participants was found.

Potres je prirodna katastrofa koja predstavlja prijetnju dobrobiti ljudima zbog čega pripada u kategoriju traumatskih događaja. Tijekom 2020. godine u Hrvatskoj je zabilježeno nekoliko potresa, među kojima je najistaknutiji prema razornosti i magnitudi potres s epicentrom u Petrinji. Ovo je istraživanje nastojalo ispitati kakav je odnos, kao i mogućnost predviđanja, nekih varijabli prema pokazateljima psihološkog statusa kod preživjelih. Istraživanje je provedeno korištenjem online upitnika, a uzorak je prigodnog tipa te se sastoji od 373 sudionika. Rezultati su pokazali da sociodemografske varijable, optimizam i pesimizam, posljedice potresa i socijalna podrška značajno objašnjavaju varijance kriterija zadovoljstva životom i depresivnosti te, također, koreliraju u skladu s očekivanjima. Osobe koje su u nekom obliku partnerskog odnosa, zaposlene, višeg socioekonomskog statusa, optimističnije te koje primaju više socijalne podrške od strane okoline izvještavaju o većem doživljenom zadovoljstvu životom, kao i slabijoj depresivnosti. An earthquake is a natural disaster that poses a threat to human well-being and, therefore, falls into the category of traumatic events. During 2020, several earthquakes were recorded in Croatia, among which the most prominent, in terms of destructiveness and magnitude, was the earthquake with the epicenter in Petrinja. This study aimed to examine the relationship, as well as the ability to predict, of some variables towards indicators of psychological status in survivors. The research was conducted using an online questionnaire, with an appropriate sample consisting of 373 participants. The results showed that sociodemographic variables, optimism and pessimism, earthquake consequences and social support significantly explain the variances of the criteria life satisfaction and depression, which also correlate in line with expectations. People who are in some form of relationship, employed, who have higher socioeconomic status, are more optimistic and who receive more social support from the environment report higher life satisfaction, as well as less depression.

V magistrskem delu me je zanimalo, ali samozaznano delovanje v skladu z vrednotami moderira odnos med anksioznostjo/depresivnostjo in splošnim subjektivnim blagostanjem ter njegovimi tremi sestavinami. Cilj je bil tudi raziskati, ali imata samozaznano delovanje v skladu z vrednotami in stopnja občutka, da ima posameznik vrednote oblikovane na podlagi zunanjih pritiskov (npr. družina, vrstniki, mediji), pomembno vlogo pri subjektivnem blagostanju. V spletni anketi je sodelovalo 305 študentov, starih od 19 do 26 let (70 % žensk). Izpolnili so Vprašalnik vrednot, ki smo ga priredili za slovensko okolje, 7-stopenjsko lestvico oblikovanosti vrednot na podlagi zunanjih pritiskov, kratko obliko Vprašalnika duševnega zdravja, Lestvico generalizirane anksioznosti in Vprašalnik o bolnikovem zdravju. Rezultati hierarhičnih regresijskih analiz so pokazali, da delovanje v skladu z vrednotami ni znižalo negativnega učinka simptomov anksioznosti in depresivnosti na subjektivno blagostanje. Delovanje v skladu z vrednotami je napovedovalo višje splošno subjektivno blagostanje ter njegove tri sestavine ne glede na raven izraženosti simptomov anksioznosti in depresivnosti. Pokazalo se je kot najmočnejši napovednik subjektivnega blagostanja. V skladu z ugotovitvami raziskav v tujini in teoretičnimi predpostavkami Terapije sprejemanja in predanosti je torej tudi v pričujoči raziskavi življenje v skladu z vrednotami prispevalo k višjemu subjektivnemu blagostanju kljub doživljanju simptomov anksioznosti ali depresivnosti. Višja stopnja občutka, da ima posameznik vrednote oblikovane na podlagi zunanjih pritiskov je imela pomembno negativno vlogo pri splošnem in socialnem subjektivnem blagostanju študentov. Večje število udeležencev je poročalo o oblikovanosti vrednot na podlagi zunanjih pritiskov, kar bi lahko pojasnili z njihovo potrebo po sprejetosti. Na podlagi dobljenih rezultatov bi bilo smiselno intervence delovanja v skladu z vrednotami vključiti v dejavnosti spodbujanja duševnega zdravja študentov. Na ta način bi potencialno lahko dosegli večje število posameznikov, tako tiste z višjo ravnjo izraženosti simptomov anksioznosti in depresivnosti kot posameznike, pri katerih simptomi niso prisotni. The goal of this master's thesis was to explore the moderating role of self-percepted valued living in the relationship between anxiety/depressiveness and general subjective well-being and its' three components. I was also interested if self-percepted valued living and the extent to which an individual feels externally pressured to adopt values (e. g. via family, peers, media) play an important role in subjective well-being. 305 students, aged 19 to 26 (70 % women) completed an online survey which included Valuing Questionnaire that we adapted for use in Slovenia, 7-point scale of external value pressure, Mental Health Continuum – Short form, A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Patient Health Questionnaire. Results of hierarchical regression analysis showed, that valued living did not buffer the negative impact of anxious and depressive symptoms on subjective well-being. Valued living predicted higher levels of general subjective well-being and its' three components regardless of symptom severity and proved to be the strongest predictor of subjective well-being. Consistent with previous research and theoretical concepts of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, valued living positively contributed to subjective well-being even in the presence of anxious and depressive symptoms. External value pressure negatively predicted general and social subjective well-being. A greater number of participants reported feeling externally pressured to adopt values, which could be explained by the need for social acceptance. Based on our results, it could be beneficial to include valued living interventions in activities developed for the promotion of students' mental health. This way, a bigger number of individuals could be reached, including individuals with higher anxiety and depressiveness symptom severity as well as those individuals, who don't experience these symptoms.