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PURPOSE: Verifying lumbar disc pain can present a clinical challenge. Low-pressure provocative discography (PD) has served as the gold standard, although it is invasive and often a challenge to interpret. We reported that magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) biomarkers accurately predict PD results in lumbar discs and improved outcomes for patients with surgery at positive MRS levels versus nonsurgery. To further substantiate MRS for diagnosing painful discs, we report a prospective comparison of 2 MRS-derived measures: NOCISCORE (pain) and SI-SCORE (degeneration severity). METHODS: Lumbar MRS and software-based postprocessing (NOCISCAN-LS, Aclarion Inc.) was performed in 44 discs in 14 patients (prospective cohort [PC]). PC data were compared to prior data used to establish the NOCISCORE (training cohort [TC]). The NOCISCORE was converted to an ordinal value (high/intermediate/low; NOCI+/mild/-) and compared against painful (P) versus nonpainful (NP) control diagnosis (PD) for 19 discs where PD was performed in the PC (12 NP; 7 P). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. The SI-SCORE was compared against MRI Pfirrmann Grades for 465 discs in 126 patients (PC plus TC). RESULTS: For the PC, MRS (NOCI+/-) compared to PD (P/NP) with an accuracy of 87% and sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The positive and negative predictive values of MRS were 100%. NOCISCOREs were significantly higher for PD+ versus PD- discs for PC and TC (P < 0.05), and the NOCISCORE distributions for PD+/- group were not statistically different between the PC and TC (P > 0.05). SI-SCORES differed between Pfirrmann Grades 1 and 2 (less degenerated) versus Grades 3 and 4 (more degenerated; P < 0.05), with a progressively decreasing trend with Pfirrmann Grades 1-5. CONCLUSION: These current data provide prospective confirmation of the predictive value of disc MRS for distinguishing painful discs and for assessing the disc structural integrity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: NOCISCAN is an adoptable, noninvasive, and objectively quantitative test to improve management of low back pain patients.

With the gradual obsolescence of the lip-synched romantic duet, the sonic texture of Bengali popular cinema has transformed radically in the new millennium. One of the most remarkable components of the rise of the Original Soundtrack in Bengali film specifically has been the incorporation of local pop, folk, and rock bands, whose lyrics are written in Bengali but whose music retains a decidedly western flavour. This paper situates this relationship between cinema and what has traditionally been understood as ‘band’ music in Kolkata in a longer history of the city and its colonial and postcolonial musical cultures. With the incorporation of the pop/rock stars into the diegesis, the productive tensions between star and singer, visible and invisible bodies and voices have been overturned in recent years. Conversely, the music that is commissioned by these films now contribute to the bands’ larger discography and bring their music to a wider listening audience. In some of these films, musicians and bands appear as themselves, bringing together multi-modal sites of fandom and entertainment. Finally, this essay demonstrates that singer/songwriter/filmmaker/actor, Anjan Dutta’s oeuvre emerges as the canvas on which many of these developments come to be visible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The presence of facet tropism has been correlated with an elevated susceptibility to lumbar disc pathology. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of facet tropism on chronic lumbosacral discogenic pain through the analysis of clinical data and finite element modelling (FEM). Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data, with a specific focus on the spinal units displaying facet tropism, utilizing FEM analysis for motion simulation. We studied 318 intervertebral levels in 156 patients who had undergone provocation discography. Significant predictors of clinical findings were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses. Loading conditions were applied in FEM simulations to mimic biomechanical effects on intervertebral discs, focusing on maximal displacement and intradiscal pressures, gauged through alterations in disc morphology and physical stress. Results: A total of 144 discs were categorized as ‘positive’ and 174 discs as ‘negative’ by the results of provocation discography. The presence of defined facet tropism (OR 3.451, 95% CI 1.944 to 6.126) and higher Adams classification (OR 2.172, 95% CI 1.523 to 3.097) were important predictive parameters for discography-‘positive’ discs. FEM simulations showcased uneven stress distribution and significant disc displacement in tropism-affected discs, where loading exacerbated stress on facets with greater angles. During varied positions, notably increased stress and displacement were observed in discs with tropism compared to those with normal facet structure. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that facet tropism can contribute to disc herniation and changes in intradiscal pressure, potentially exacerbating disc degeneration due to altered force distribution and increased mechanical stress. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(9):452–461.

AbstractTupac’s life has been frequently selected as a fertile text for scholarly examination; however scant attention has been given to systematically examining the underlying tensions that exist between Tupac’s publicly self-pronounced afrocentric orientation and his often misogynistic and countercultural musical lyrics. While the songs highlighted in this essay are not an exhaustive list of Tupac’s music discography, the selection of songs represents a sampling of Tupac’s music that reflects a dueling tension between Black cultural consciousness and misogyny. We will introduce an Afrocentric framework developed by French philosopher Marcel Griaule. This paradigm permits a rhetorical analysis of his lyrics by examining “four degrees of the word.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen: Introducción: Existen diferentes técnicas e interpretaciones de los hallazgos en la discografía para determinarla positiva para el diagnóstico de dolor discogénico. Este estudio pretende evaluar la frecuencia de uso de los hallazgos de la discografía para el diagnóstico de la lumbalgia de origen discogénico. Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura de los últimos 17 años en MEDLINE y BIREME. Se identificaron en total 625 artículos, 555 fueron excluidos por duplicados, título y resumen. Se obtuvieron 70 textos completos de los que se incluyeron 36 en el análisis tras excluir 34 por no cumplir los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: Entre los criterios en la discografía para determinarla como positiva, 8 estudios utilizaron únicamente la respuesta del dolor al procedimiento, 28 estudios utilizaron más de un criterio durante la discografía para considerarla positiva, la evaluación de al menos un disco intervertebral adyacente de resultado negativo fue necesario en 26 estudios para considerar una discografía como positiva. Cinco estudios expresaron formalmente el uso de la técnica descrita por la SIS/IASP para determinar una discografía como positiva. Conclusiones: El dolor en respuesta a la inyección de medio de contraste, evaluado con la escala analógica visual de dolor ≥ 6, fue el criterio más utilizado en los estudios incluidos en esta revisión. Aunque ya existen criterios para determinar una discografía como positiva, persiste el uso de diferentes técnicas e interpretaciones de los hallazgos de la discografía para determinar una discografía positiva para el dolor lumbar de origen discogénico. Abstract: Introduction: There are different techniques and interpretations of discography findings to determine it positive for the diagnosis of discogenic pain. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of use of discography findings for the diagnosis of low back pain of discogenic origin. Material and methods: A systematic review of the literature of the last 17 years was performed in MEDLINE and BIREME. A total of 625 articles were identified, 555 were excluded for duplicates, title and abstract. We obtained 70 full texts of which 36 were included in the analysis after excluding 34 for not meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: Among the criteria in discography to determine it as positive, 8 studies used only the pain response to the procedure, 28 studies used more than one criterion during discography to consider it as positive, the evaluation of at least one adjacent intervertebral disc with a negative result was necessary in 26 studies to consider a discography as positive. Five studies formally expressed the use of the technique described by SIS/IASP to determine a discography as positive. Conclusions: Pain in response to contrast medium injection, assessed with the visual analog pain scale ≥ 6, was the most used criterion in the studies included in this review. Although there are already criteria to determine a discography as positive, the use of different techniques and interpretations of discography findings to determine a positive discography for low back pain of discogenic origin persists.

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent annular fissures, vertebral and endplate changes, and Modic changes (MCs), coexist in low back pain (LBP) patients by using multiple imaging modalities. Sixty-two LBP patients (mean age 45 years, range 24–63, 53% men) were examined with same-day CT-discography and MRI. Intervertebral discs punctured for discography (n = 204) were evaluated on MRI [Pfirrmann grade, High-Intensity Zone (HIZ)] and on CT-discograms [Modified Dallas Discogram Score (DDS)]. DDS≥ 1, i.e., disc fissures involving the outer annulus were further digitomized into delimitable fissuring (<50% of annulus affected) or non-delimitable annular fissuring. Using both MRI and CT, adjacent vertebrae and endplates were assessed for MC, vertebral sclerosis, and a modified endplate defect score (EPS). In 194 discs the contrast agent was adequately injected during discography, of which 160 (83%) displayed outer annular fissures, with 91 (47%) of the latter being delimitable fissures. Most discs with delimitable fissures were moderately degenerated; 68% Pfirrmann grade ≤3, 71% EPS ≤ 2, and 12% displayed MC. The majority (76%) of MCs were associated with advanced adjacent disc degeneration; 84% Pfirrmann grade ≥4, 76% with non-delimitable annular fissuring, 59% EPS≥ 4, and 34% EPS of 3. A total 95 HIZ (47%) were found, of which 54 had delimitable fissuring, while the remainder displayed non-delimitable fissuring. Vertebral sclerosis was commonly observed (26%), both with MCs (73%) and without MCs (27%), and not specifically linked to MC type 3. A total of 97% of segments with vertebral sclerosis displayed outer annular fissures. These findings were significant (0.046 > p > 0.0001), except between HIZ and adjacent sclerosis (p = 0.303). To conclude, the present study confirmed a close interplay between the disc and adjacent vertebra and endplates. The fact that a majority of discs with delimitable annular fissures did not coexist with pronounced endplate changes and/or MCs, however, supports the theory that disc fissuring is an early event in the degenerative cascade. This was further supported by the fact that MCs were strongly linked to extensive disc fissuring and to advanced endplate damage. Further, vertebral sclerosis was common also in vertebra without MCs and strongly associated to annular fissuring, indicating that sclerosis is a previously underestimated feature of a general degenerative process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the MRI high-intensity zone (HIZ) and the pathogenesis of discogenic low back pain. Methods Literature from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, China Knowledge Network, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database was searched until August 2023. Cohort studies including patients with low back pain who underwent lumbar spine MRI and discography, as well as the results evaluating the correlation between HIZ and discography for morphological changes in the disc and pain replication phenomena, were included in the analysis. The literature that met the inclusion criteria was screened, and the methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated. Meta-analysis of the extracted data was performed by using RevMan 5.1.1. Results In total, 28 reports were included in this meta-analysis. There was a statistically significant correlation between a positive HIZ and abnormal disc morphology in discography (OR 28.15, 95% CI [7.38, 107.46], p

Abstract Background Arising from different anatomical structures of the spine, chronic low back pain is one of the leading causes of disability, and its management is still controversial. Thus, appropriate and effective management of chronic low back pain requires a precise diagnostic tool in order to target pain generators. Therefore, the role of diagnostic injection in predicting the outcome of surgical treatment of chronic low back pain and lower limb radicular pain need to be evaluated in order to guide the surgeon, especially in case of unclear pathoanatomical features. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of lumbar spine diagnostic injections in surgical outcome in patients with chronic low back pain and lumbar radiculopathy. Patients and methods This study included 30 patients complaining of chronic low back pain and/or lumbar radiculopathy who underwent lumbar spine surgery following positive diagnostic injections. The pre- and postoperative assessments consisted of a general neurological examination, evaluation of the Oswestry disability index, and a visual analog scale. Results This prospective non-controlled study was conducted on 30 patients complaining of chronic low back pain and/or lumbar radiculopathy. The mean age was 42.60 ± 8.27 years with a range of 24.0–62.0 years. The visual analog scale decreased significantly from preoperative mean value of 8.26 ± 0.79 to postoperative mean value of 1.97 ± 0.92; with almost two-thirds of the patients experienced more than 75% pain reduction. The Oswestry disability index decreased significantly from preoperative mean value of 34.13 ± 4.88 to 11.47 ± 3.36 after surgery in the whole sample. The post-selective nerve root block visual analog scale was significantly correlated to the postoperative visual analog scale, while the postoperative Oswestry disability index was not significantly associated with the post-selective nerve root block visual analog scale. Conclusion The use of lumbar selective nerve root block and lumbar provocative discography for patients with chronic low back pain and radiculopathy and equivocal radiological findings can improve surgical outcomes regarding pain intensity and spine functional outcomes. Diagnostic selective nerve root block can predict the postoperative pain relief.

Background: Arising from different anatomical structures of the spine, chronic low back pain is one of the leading causes of disability, and its management is still controversial. Thus, appropriate and effective management of chronic low back pain requires a precise diagnostic tool in order to target pain generators. Therefore, the role of diagnostic injection in predicting the outcome of surgical treatment of chronic low back pain and lower limb radicular pain need to be evaluated in order to guide the surgeon, especially in case of unclear pathoanatomical features. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of lumbar spine diagnostic injections in surgical outcome in patients with chronic low back pain and lumbar radiculopathy. Patients and methods: This study included 30 patients complaining of chronic low back pain and/or lumbar radiculopathy who underwent lumbar spine surgery following positive diagnostic injections. The pre- and postoperative assessments consisted of a general neurological examination, evaluation of the Oswestry disability index, and a visual analog scale. Results: This prospective non-controlled study was conducted on 30 patients complaining of chronic low back pain and/or lumbar radiculopathy. The mean age was 42.60 ± 8.27 years with a range of 24.0–62.0 years. The visual analog scale decreased significantly from preoperative mean value of 8.26 ± 0.79 to postoperative mean value of 1.97 ± 0.92; with almost two-thirds of the patients experienced more than 75% pain reduction. The Oswestry disability index decreased significantly from preoperative mean value of 34.13 ± 4.88 to 11.47 ± 3.36 after surgery in the whole sample. The post-selective nerve root block visual analog scale was significantly correlated to the postoperative visual analog scale, while the postoperative Oswestry disability index was not significantly associated with the post-selective nerve root block visual analog scale. Conclusion: The use of lumbar selective nerve root block and lumbar provocative discography for patients with chronic low back pain and radiculopathy and equivocal radiological findings can improve surgical outcomes regarding pain intensity and spine functional outcomes. Diagnostic selective nerve root block can predict the postoperative pain relief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the MRI high-intensity zone (HIZ) and the pathogenesis of discogenic low back pain. Methods: Literature from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, China Knowledge Network, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database was searched until August 2023. Cohort studies including patients with low back pain who underwent lumbar spine MRI and discography, as well as the results evaluating the correlation between HIZ and discography for morphological changes in the disc and pain replication phenomena, were included in the analysis. The literature that met the inclusion criteria was screened, and the methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated. Meta-analysis of the extracted data was performed by using RevMan 5.1.1. Results: In total, 28 reports were included in this meta-analysis. There was a statistically significant correlation between a positive HIZ and abnormal disc morphology in discography (OR 28.15, 95% CI [7.38, 107.46], p < 0.00001). Patients with HIZ-positive discs had a significantly higher incidence of consistent pain (71.0%, 969/1365) than those with HIZ-negative imaging (29.0%, 1314/4524) (OR 7.71, 95% CI [5.29, 11.23], p < 0.00001).Segments that were HIZ-positive and had abnormal disc morphology had a higher incidence of consistent pain (86.1%, 230/267) than HIZ-negative subjects (32.2%, 75/233) (OR 14.09, 95% CI [2.12, 93.48], p = 0.006). Conclusion: A positive MRI T2-weighted image of the lumbar disc with HIZ indicates disc degeneration. In addition, HIZ may be a specific indicator for the physical diagnosis of discogenic low back pain. A more advanced degree of disc degeneration on the basis of HIZ positivity corresponded to a greater probability of discography-induced consistent pain, whereas the degree of disc degeneration on the basis of HIZ negativity was less correlated with contrast-induced consistent pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We presented a 47-year old male diagnosed as a discal cyst with concurrent isthmic lumbar spondylolisthesis, which was not reported in the literature previously. A cystectomy with two-segmental transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and instruments was performed. The association between concurrent discal cyst and isthmic spondylolisthesis may be illuminated by excessive strain and focal degeneration of the disc. Preoperative discography is probably unnecessary when surgical resection and histopathology are indicated for the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discography is an important method for diagnosing discogenic low back pain (LBP) and replicating the effects of pain. However, its development is not smooth due to its safety and reliability, which have not been completely confirmed. Beginning with the clinicians using discography, there remains constant controversy. With the continuous progress of related research on discography, clinicians and scholars' understanding of discography is constantly improving. This article reviews the background, clinical application, and safety of discography.

Copyright of Epistemus. Journal of Music, Cognition & Culture Research is the property of Facultad de Psicologia Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sinuvertebral nerve blocks in the diagnosis of discogenic low back pain. Patients and methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the data of 48 patients with high clinical suspicion of discogenic low back pain from L4/5 who received nerve block treatment from 2017 to 2018 were collected. Twenty-four patients received discoblock (L4/5 intradiscal injection of 1 ml 0.5% lidocaine) and another 24 patients received the sinuvertebral nerve block(L4/5 intervertebral space injection of 0.5 ml 0.5% lidocaine bilaterally). Percutaneous endoscopic radiofrequency thermal annuloplasty was performed in patients who responded to the diagnostic block. The visual analogue scale scores and Oswestry Disability Index scores in both groups before and 1, 3, and 12 months after surgery were compared. Results: Ten patients with a negative diagnostic block did not undergo surgery. Eighteen patients in the discoblock group and 20 patients in the sinuvertebral nerve block group showed a positive response and were evaluated. There were no differences in visual analogue scale or Oswestry Disability Index scores between the two cohorts at baseline or at all time points postsurgery (all p > 0.05). When comparing baseline values to all time points postsurgery improved visual analogue scale scores, and Oswestry Disability Index scores were observed within both cohorts (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: The effect of sinuvertebral nerve block as a diagnostic tool for discogenic low back pain is similar to that of discoblock, and it is a promising tool that deserves further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background It is an ongoing debate whether fusion surgery is superior to non-operative treatment for non-specific low back pain (LBP) in terms of patient outcome. Further, the evidence for how signs of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlate with patient outcome is insufficient. Longitudinal studies of low back pain (LBP) patients are thus of interest for increased knowledge. The aim of this study was to investigate long-term MRI appearance in LBP patients 11–14 years after discography. Methods In 2021, 30 LBP patients who had same-day discography and MRI in 2007–2010 were asked to undergo MRI (Th12/L1–L5/S1), complete visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ5D) questionnaires. Patients who had fusion surgery before the follow-up were compared with those without such surgery. MRIs were evaluated on Pfirrmann grade, endplate classification score (EPS), and High Intensity Zones (HIZ). For each disk it was noted if injected at baseline or not. Results Of 17 participants (6 male;mean age 58.5 years, range 49–72), 10 (27 disks) had undergone fusion surgery before the follow-up. No differences in VAS, ODI, or EQ5D scores were found between patients with and without surgery (mean 51/32/0.54 vs. 50/37/0.40, respectively; 0.77 > p p p

The article discusses the presence of Spanish and Iberian music from the 17th century and beyond in the discography. While the polyphony of the Spanish Golden Age has been well-established, the music from the later period remains largely unexplored and inaccessible. Factors such as dissemination, performance practice, and the involvement of instruments have influenced the selection and production of these works. The article reviews several recordings of Spanish and Iberian music, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses in terms of vocal-instrumental balance and interpretation. Overall, the recordings provide valuable insights into the diverse and rich musical traditions of the Iberian Peninsula. [Extracted from the article]

Maria Golia's book, "Ornette Coleman: The Territory and the Adventure," provides a comprehensive exploration of the life and achievements of jazz musician Ornette Coleman. The book focuses on the historical and cultural contexts that shaped Coleman's musical journey, rather than providing a detailed biography or discography. Golia highlights the influence of Texas jazz and Fort Worth, Coleman's hometown, on his rebellious and innovative style. She also discusses the significance of the Caravan of Dreams, a jazz club and arts collective, in Coleman's career. Golia portrays Coleman as a complex and open-minded artist who constantly pushed the boundaries of music. [Extracted from the article]

Background: It is an ongoing debate whether fusion surgery is superior to non-operative treatment for non-specific low back pain (LBP) in terms of patient outcome. Further, the evidence for how signs of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlate with patient outcome is insufficient. Longitudinal studies of low back pain (LBP) patients are thus of interest for increased knowledge. The aim of this study was to investigate long-term MRI appearance in LBP patients 11–14 years after discography. Methods: In 2021, 30 LBP patients who had same-day discography and MRI in 2007–2010 were asked to undergo MRI (Th12/L1–L5/S1), complete visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ5D) questionnaires. Patients who had fusion surgery before the follow-up were compared with those without such surgery. MRIs were evaluated on Pfirrmann grade, endplate classification score (EPS), and High Intensity Zones (HIZ). For each disk it was noted if injected at baseline or not. Results: Of 17 participants (6 male;mean age 58.5 years, range 49–72), 10 (27 disks) had undergone fusion surgery before the follow-up. No differences in VAS, ODI, or EQ5D scores were found between patients with and without surgery (mean 51/32/0.54 vs. 50/37/0.40, respectively; 0.77 > p < 0.65). Other than more segments with EPS ≥ 4 in the surgery group (p < 0.05), no between-group differences were found in longitudinal change in MRI parameters. Of 75 non-fused disks, 30 were injected at baseline. Differences were found between injected and non-injected disks at both baseline and follow-up for Pfirrmann grade and HIZ, and at follow-up for EPS (0.04 > p < 0.001), but none for progression over time (0.09 > p < 0.82). Conclusions: Other than more endplate changes in the surgery group, no differences in longitudinal change of MRI parameters were established between LBP patients treated with or without fusion surgery in the studied cohort. The study also highlights the limited progress of degenerative changes, which may be seen over a decade, despite needle puncture and chronic LBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to analyze Geraldo Vandré's musical itinerary based on his discography, composed of five LPs and other compilations and singles. The focus of the text is the trait of love present in his various works, be it the love of a woman or the more general love, dedicated to the people or the nation, understood as his lover or companion. The development of the work took place in a chronological perspective, from its first LP produced in Brazil, in 1964, to the last, already in times of exile, produced in France and released in Brazil in 1973. It was a project that aimed to favor knowledge of a brilliant composer and singer, who enchanted a left-wing generation before the AI5 blackout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Musical Chilena is the property of Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lumbar discography has been controversial for many years. Some of the controversy has been based on concerns about the needle causing harm to the injected, nonoperated discs. However, other studies suggest discography does not damage discs. Long-term follow-up of injected discs may be helpful to determine if discography was related to development of clinically relevant disc degeneration, evidenced by subsequent surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare rates of disc-related surgery during long-term follow-up in discs that underwent discography vs those that did not. This was a retrospective cohort study. Study data were collected from 200 patients who had undergone lumbar total disc replacement with minimum 10-year follow-up data available. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of a surgery to treat discogenic pain at a level not included in the index TDR surgery. Patients were identified from a large-scale retrospective study evaluating lumbar TDR outcomes. Data collected included patient descriptives, discography information, and details of reoperations. For patients who had not been seen recently in the clinic, mailings and telephone calls were conducted attempting to collect current follow-up data, including reoperation. Only patients for whom minimum 10-year follow-up data were available were included to better assess the potential development of disc degeneration postdiscography. The mean follow-up was 156.1 months (range 120 to 254 months). Data were analyzed by individual disc level. A level was included if it was: L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1, or L2-3 that underwent discography or was adjacent to an operated disc. Discs were excluded if they underwent TDR as the index surgery or had previously undergone TDR or interbody fusion. The study included 251 discs that received discographic injection and 124 discs that did not. Rates of surgery for disc degeneration or herniation after the index surgery for these two groups were compared. The rate of surgery for disc-related pain was not greater among discs that underwent discography vs those that were not injected (10.8% vs 8.1% p>0.40). Forward conditional binary logistic regression analysis found that the factor most strongly related to subsequent disc-related surgery was the individual lumbar level. Once in the equation the only other variable significantly related to reoperation was the result of the discogram (not simply having a discogram itself). Age, body mass index, sex, or having a discographic injection were not significantly related to subsequent disc-related surgery. Based on the results of the regression analysis, relationships between subsequent surgery and level and discography results were investigated further. Reoperation for disc-related pain was most common at L5-1 (19.6%) and L4-5 (13.6%), regardless of discography performed or not. Rates of surgery for disc-related pathology were similar for discs not receiving discography (8.1%) and those that were normal on discography (6.3%). These were both significantly less than the rate of 18.4% among discs that were not normal on discography (painful upon injection and/or discordant pain, and/or abnormal in appearance on imaging). The results of this study found there was no significant difference in the rates of disc-related surgery among discs that underwent discography vs those that did not, at a minimum follow-up of 10 years. The rate was greater only among discs that were abnormal on discography. These findings support that discographic injection does not injure normal discs. This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of gramophone records is important when acquainting oneself with Mijat Mijatović (1887-1937), who strongly impacted so-called folk music in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Yugoslavia, considering the importance of the records he released during his career. His opus of commercial recordings is the largest of the interwar period in the area and, therefore, it is highly indicative when considering the correlation between the early music industry and ‘local’ culture as a glocal topic. In this study we present numerous sources and a complex critical analysis that resulted in Mijatović’s discography. Special attention has been paid to record companies, the chronology of recordings, the repertoire and collaborating musicians, thus mapping the potential of discography for the study of recorded music and cultural history.

Starting with the idea that sustainability as a concept can (and should) be applied in the field of incidental music, thus, ensuring the continuation of its life after the curtain falls, we argue that discography is one of the main ways in which incidental music (like any other type of music) can be preserved and later studied. We argue that discography (as a sustainability tool) equals the survival (survivability) of incidental music and test this hypothesis on four case studies - compact discs and releases of incidental music of four composers: Vojislav Voki Kostić, Zoran Erić, Zoran Simjanović and Isidora Žebeljan.

A significant part of the Radio Belgrade programme, especially in the years before the establishment of instrumental and choral ensembles within this institution, was comprised of music recordings. Although gramophone record concerts were presented within the programme announcements, they were not considered in more detail in existing studies of music on Radio Belgrade. One of the reasons for this could be limited access to the data on the gramophone record concerts. Thus, for the first analysis of this segment of the music programme, the author has focused on the first year in which weekly radio programme announcements were printed in Radio Beograd: nedeljni ilustrovani časopis. The announcements contained data about music numbers, recordings companies, and serial numbers of the records played. More precisely, the series of His Master’s Voice concerts, named after the label of records exclusively broadcast in the programme, were examined in the period from October 1930 to October 1931. This particular series was chosen because of the importance of the label in both the global and local mu­sic industry and the continual broadcasted of His Master’s Voice records on Radio Belgrade. Furthermore, the diversity of programme conceptions of concerts within the series indicates the particular ways in which gramophone record concerts were designed. Based on the series of His Master’s Voice concerts, three methods of categorising gramophone record concerts are suggested. In addition, the paper offers little known archival data on gramophone record distributors who borrowed records to Radio Belgrade for marketing purposes.

ObjectiveOblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) has unique advantages in the treatment of discogenic low back pain (DBP). However, there are few studies in this area, and no established standard for additional posterior internal fixation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of OLIF stand-alone vs. combined with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) in the treatment of DBP.MethodsThis retrospective case-control study included forty patients. All patients were diagnosed with DBP by discography and discoblock. Perioperative parameters (surgery duration, blood loss, and muscle damage), complications, Visual analog scale (VAS), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were assessed. Imaging data including cage subsidence, cage retropulsion, fusion rate, and adjacent spondylosis degeneration (ASD) were analyzed.ResultsThere were 23 patients in the OLIF stand-alone group and 17 patients in the OLIF + PPSF group. The mean surgery duration, blood loss, and muscle damage in the OLIF stand-alone group were significantly better than those in the OLIF + PPSF group (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the VAS and ODI scores between the two groups before surgery (P > 0.05), and VAS and ODI scores significantly improved after surgery (P 0.05). At the last follow-up, there was no significant difference in cage subsidence, fusion rate, ASD and complication rate between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionOLIF stand-alone and OLIF + PPSF are both safe and effective in the treatment of DBP, and there is no significant difference in the long-term clinical and radiological outcomes. OLIF stand-alone has the advantages of surgery duration, blood loss, muscle damage, and early clinical effect. More clinical data are needed to confirm the effect of OLIF stand-alone on cage subsidence and ASD. This study provides a basis for the clinical application of standard DBP treatment with OLIF.

Purpose: It is suggested that non-specific low back pain (LBP) can be related to nerve ingrowth along granulation tissue in disc fissures, extending into the outer layers of the annulus fibrosus. Present study aimed to investigate if machine-learning modelling of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data can classify such fissures as well as pain, provoked by discography, with plausible accuracy and precision. Methods: The study was based on previously collected data from 30 LBP patients (age = 26–64 years, 11 males). Pressure-controlled discography was performed in 86 discs with pain-positive discograms, categorized as concordant pain-response at a pressure ≤ 50 psi and for each patient one negative control disc. The CT-discograms were used for categorization of fissures. MRI values and standard deviations were extracted from the midsagittal part and from 5 different sub-regions of the discs. Machine-learning algorithms were trained on the extracted MRI markers to classify discs with fissures extending into the outer annulus or not, as well as to classify discs as painful or non-painful. Results: Discs with outer annular fissures were classified in MRI with very high precision (mean of 10 repeated testings: 99%) and accuracy (mean: 97%) using machine-learning modelling, but the pain model only demonstrated moderate diagnostic accuracy (mean accuracy: 69%; precision: 71%). Conclusion: The present study showed that machine-learning modelling based on MRI can classify outer annular fissures with very high diagnostic accuracy and, hence, enable individualized diagnostics. However, the model only demonstrated moderate diagnostic accuracy regarding pain that could be assigned to either a non-sufficient model or the used pain reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Brazilian writer Carolina Maria de Jesus (1914-1977) denounced, in her most widespread work, Quarto de despejo: diário de uma favelada [Child of the Dark] (1960), some of the Brazilian social ills, such as hunger, racism, classism, and sexism. Such denunciations are also present in her namesake album, the object of this study, released in the following year: Quarto de despejo: Carolina Maria de Jesus cantando suas composições [Quarto de despejo: Carolina Maria de Jesus singing her compositions] (1961). Thus, observing the intersectionality perspectives (AKOTIRENE, 2020) present in the course of the author's work, as well as the social-historical context and the "lugar de fala" (standpoint of speech) (RIBEIRO, 2020) that involves the ninth song of the album, "As granfinas", the aim is to verify how the intersections between race, gender, and class, of the portrayed female characters in this song, manifest. This analysis considers that, despite sharing gender issues, the female representations that emerge are opposites: on one side the "granfina", a white woman confined to the mythological construction of the gender rolls ideas, and on the other, the maid, stigmatized to maternal and domestic rolls added to racism, due to the sum of the colonial invention of gender and race. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]