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Bauhinia orbiculata A.C.B. Santos & L.P. Queiroz, sp. nov. Type: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Morro do Chapéu, ca. 3.2 km do entroncamento com a BA-144 (Morro do Chapéu / Utinga) na estrada para o Morr„o (entrando a ca. 1 Km sul de Morro do Chapéu), 11º34’23”S 41º10’52”W, 07 May 2019 [fl., fr.], L.P. de Queiroz et al. 16580 (holotype HUEFS!, isotypes (to be distributed) CEPEC, HCDAL, K, PEUFR, P, RB). Figures 1, 2. Diagnosis: — Bauhinia orbiculata is similar to Bauhinia acuruana Moricand (1840: 77) due to the entire unifoliolate leaves, with rounded to obtuse apex and cordate base, as well as the indumentum of ferruginous trichomes intermixed with yellowish and globose glandular hairs on the lower leaflet surface, but differing by the leaves with (rarely 7) 9 primary veins (vs. 5 to 7 primary veins in B. acuruana), with a deep green, glabrous, shiny, smooth upper surface, with inconspicuous primary, secondary and tertiary venation (vs. villous upper surface with heavily imprinted tertiary and quaternary veins giving the surface a rugose appearance), coriaceous, orbiculate to widely ovate leaf blade (vs. chartaceous and oblong leaf blade), linear and smooth floral buds (vs. clavate floral buds, 5-costate at the apex). Figure 3. Description: —Multi-stemmed unarmed shrubs, (0.8–) 1–3 m tall, with thin trunks, rarely treelets up to 3.5 m tall with trunk 5–6 cm diam.; distal internode 1.3–4.2(–6) cm long; indumentum densely pubescent with short, ferruginous, erect and soft trichomes intermixed with yellowish and globose glandular hairs on young branches, lower surface of the leaflet blade, inflorescence peduncle and rachis, outer surface of the hypanthium, sepals and ovary; branch extrafloral nectaries not seen (probably absent). Stipules 1–2 × 1 mm, ovate, puberulous, membranaceous and early caducous, present only in young distal leaves. Leaves unifoliolate; petiole 0.5–0.8(–1.2) cm long; pulvinus 2–3 mm long; pulvinulus 2–3(–5) mm long; leaflet blade entire, (3.5–)5–7 × (3.5–) 5–7 cm, coriaceous, orbiculate or widely ovate, base cordate or truncate, apex rounded or retuse, rarely obtuse or acute, primary veins (7–)9, upper surface deep green, glabrous, shiny, smooth, with primary, secondary and tertiary venation inconspicuous, lower surface brown with raised and strongly reticulate primary, secondary and tertiary venation defining small areola, densely pubescent with short and soft trichomes, ferruginous on the veins and whitish at the areola, intermixed with yellowish glandular and globose trichomes. Inflorescences in terminal pseudoracemes, (1.5–)3.7–12.6(–17.5) cm long; peduncle 1.0– 2.5 cm long; partial inflorescences 2-florous; bracts and bracteole 1–3 × 1 mm, alternate at the base of the pedicel; pedicel 4–8(–13) mm long. Floral buds 2.0–3.5(–4.7) cm long, linear, smooth. Flowers 3.0–4.5(5.4) cm long, zygomorphic; hypanthium 10–15(–18) mm long, cylindrical, internally glabrous and black; sepals 5, 20–25 × 3–4 mm, fleshy, internally glabrous, becoming twisted in open flowers; petals 5, 25–27 × 3–4 mm, white, linear, glabrous, venation reticulate, all petals becoming upright in the open flowers; stamens 10, filaments 17–21 mm long, joined at the base into a 1–2 mm long staminal column, internally pubescent, anthers 6–7 × 2 mm, dorsifixed, opening by longitudinal slits; gynoecium 35–45 mm long, stipe 15–17 mm long, ovary 7–11 × 2–3 mm, style 12–15 mm long, stigma ca. 1.5 mm diam, oblique. Fruit an elastically dehiscent legume, (5.5–)8–9 × 1–1.5 cm, linear, apex and base acute, stipe (1–) 2–3 cm long; valves woody, pubescent, becoming twisted at dehiscence. Seeds 7–8(–18) × 5–6 mm, compressed; testa dark brown, smooth, bony. Distribution and habitat: — Bauhinia orbiculata is restricted to the northern part of the Chapada Diamantina mountain range, in the central area of the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. Most of the collections are from the municipality of Morro do Chapéu, where the species is common, with relatively dense populations (Figure 4). It grows in the seasonally dry shrubby vegetation locally known as ‘carrasco’, characterized by a dense shrubby layer with sparse trees on sandy and gravelly soil, sometimes in disturbed vegetation along roads. The new species occurs in association with other endemic species, e.g., Abarema diamantina, Indigofera morroensis, Mimosa mensicola Barneby (1985: 133), Philcoxia tuberosa, Trigonia bahiensis Guimar „es, Miguel & Fontella (1979: 1) and Lapidia apicifolia Roque & Ferreira (2017: 6). Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting specimens were found throughout the year, with more records from March to June. Conservation status: —The new species was assessed as endangered (EN) according to IUCN (2012) criteria B2a,b(i,ii,iii) as it has an AOO = 32 km ² and EOO = 5801.7 km ². Etymology: —The epithet “orbiculata” refers to the almost circular leaflet shape. Vernacular name: —Mororó (J. Castro et al. 02, HUEFS)., Published as part of Dos Santos, Antonio C. B., De Queiroz, Luciano P., Da Silva, Maria A. P., Paula, Antonio P. O., Feitoza, Lidiane De L. & Carvalho, Reginaldo De, 2023, Bauhinia orbiculata (Cercidoideae, Leguminosae), a new species from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil, pp. 285-292 in Phytotaxa 584 (4) on pages 286-289, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7663484, {"references":["Moricand, M. E. (1840) Plantes Nouvelles d'Amerique. GeneIve, Imprimerie de Jules-Gme Fich, Rue des Belles-Filles 6: 77.","Barneby, R. C. (1985) The genus Mimosa (Mimosaceae) in Bahia, Brazil: New taxa and nomenclatural adjustments. Brittonia 37 (2): 125 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2806089","Roque, N., Ferreira, S. C. & Van Den Berg, C. (2017) Lapidia, a new monotypic genus of Asteraceae (Eupatorieae) from Brazil, and its phylogenetic placement. Phytotaxa 291 (1): 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 291.1.1","IUCN. (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3. 1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, IUCN, UK, iv + 32 pp."]}

Bauhinia andrade-limae A.C.B. Santos & Vaz, sp. nov. Type: — BRAZIL. Pernambuco: S„o Lourenço da Mata, Estaç„o Ecológica de Tapacurá, Mata do Toró, Cl„ do lagoa, 8º03’35.9”S 35º10’40.4”W, 16 July 2021 [fl., fr.], A.C. B. dos Santos et al. 76 (holotype PEUFR!, isotypes EAC!, CEPEC!, HCDAL!, HST!, HUEFS!, IPA!, K!, MAC!, P!, RB!, UFP!). Figures 1, 2. Diagnosis: — Bauhinia andrade-limae is similar to Bauhinia membranacea, both sharing largely ovate bilobed leaves with obtuse apex, usually with nine main veins and almost glabrous lenticulate stems, but differing by the chartaceous leaves in B. andrade-limae (vs. membranaceous leaves in B. membranacea), cordate base (vs. truncated to subtruncated), lobes congested in at least 1/3 of the total length (vs. lobes congested in more than 2/3 of total length), open and curved lobes (vs. parallel lobes), upper and lower surface glabrous (vs. upper surface hairy on the central margin and lower surface pubescent with sparse and appressed glandular trichomes), petiole glabrous (vs. petiole pubescent), flower buds up to 5.3 cm long at anthesis (vs. flower buds ca. 9.5 cm at anthesis), glabrous and reticulate legume with woody valves (vs. tomentose or villous-tomentose to sparsely villous legume with sometimes canescent indumentum). Description:—Shrub or small tree 2–5 m tall with lenticulate and glabrous stems. Distal internode (1.3–) 3–4 (–7.5) cm long. Leaves bilobed, blade (9–) 10–14.5 (–20) × (7–) 9–12.5 (–13.5) cm, chartaceous, base cordate, 7–9- nerved, marginal vein inconspicuous, lobes congested in at least 1/3 of the total length, reaching up to 1/2 of the leaf blade, lobes open and curved, largely ovate to ovate-oblong, apex obtuse to slightly acute; glabrous upper surface with imperceptible primary, secondary and tertiary veins, glabrous lower surface with prominent primary vein, slightly prominent reticulate secondary veins and slightly depressed tertiary veins, glandular trichomes absent. Petiole (2.5–) 3–4 (–6.2) cm long, thin, and glabrous. Stipules 1–3 × 1 mm long, chartaceous and glabrous; extrafloral nectaries present at the base of the petiole. Inflorescence terminal pseudoraceme, (5.6–) 8–19.5 cm long, pedunculated; peduncle (0.5–) 1.5–3 cm long, slender; partial inflorescences 2-flowered; reduced to pairs of foliaceous bracts 1–2 × 1 mm long, arranged alternately at the base of the pedicel; pedicel 6–11 mm long. Flower buds up to 5.3 cm long at anthesis, linear, 5-sided, minutely tomentose with numerous short ferruginous glandular trichomes. Flowers pedicellate, pedicel 6–11 mm long, hypanthium cylindrical to urceolate, ca. 1 cm long, internally black and glabrous and externally with ferruginous trichomes; sepals not seen; petals linear, white, 1.8–2.5 × ca 0.2 cm, externally glabrous; stamens 10, fertile, heterodynamous, filament 7–25 mm long, fused at the base in a hairy staminal column 3–7 mm long, anthers 5–8 × 2 mm, dorsifixed, longitudinal dehiscence; gynoecium 19–40 mm long, stipe 7–20 mm long, ovary compressed 6–10 × 1–2 mm, tomentulose with yellowish trichomes, style 8–17 mm long, stigma bifid, glabrous, black. Legume elastically dehiscent 9.5–16.7 × 1–1.7 cm, linear, apex acuminate and base cuneate, stipe 1.3–2.7 cm long, 12–15 seeds per valve; valves woody, glabrous and reticulate, dark brown. Seeds 5–8 × 5–6 mm, compressed, testa dark brown, smooth, and bony. Distribution and habitat: — Bauhinia andrade-limae is endemic to northeastern Brazil, restricted to the states of Alagoas and Pernambuco (Figure 3). This species occurs in the Atlantic Forest domain, in rainforest (Chagas-Mota et al. 3740, MAC; G.L. Esteves & O. Viégas 365, MAC), lowland seasonal semideciduous forest (E. G. dos Santos 11, IPA) and dense shrubby vegetation (M. Oliveira & A.A. Grillo 1025, MAC), at elevations of 166 m (A.C. B. dos Santos et al. 76, HCDAL). The states where the new species occurs have a rich biodiversity, with several recently described endemic taxa, such as: Pleurophora pulchra Siqueira, Cotarelli, Pastore & Cavalc. (2015: 185), Amorimia pellegrinii Almeida (2016: 14), Hymenaea cangaceira Pinto, Mansano & Azevedo (2017: 42), Erythroxylum pyan Costa-Lima (2018: 225), Orthophytum alagoanum Leme & Fontana (2020: 180), Megascops alagoensis Dantas (2021: 401), Aspidosperma dardanoanum Alves-Silva (2021: 271), Trogon muriciensis Dickens (2021: 499), Waltheria marielleae Coutinho & Alves (2022: 353) and Phyllopezus selmae Dubeux (2022: 345). Phenology: —The species was collected with flowers from June to September, with only one collection each recorded in January, March, May and November; fruits were collected from June to November with only one collection each in January, March and May. Conservation status: —According to the IUCN criteria (2012) and based on area of occupancy (AOO of 60 km 2) and extent of occurrence (EOO of 10426.9 km 2), Bauhinia andrade-limae is assessed as threatened EN B2b(i, ii, iii). The Atlantic Forest domain is highly fragmented with isolated areas and irregularly shaped patches, which can lead to population isolation (Trindade et al. 2008) and a decrease in the persistence of many species (Scarano & Ceotto 2015). Some populations are within protected areas, such as the Tapacurá Ecological Station (Pernambuco) and the Pedra Talhada Biological Reserve (Alagoas), but other populations were recorded mainly on farms, old mills, and montane areas. Etymology: —The epithet “andrade-limae” is a tribute to professor Dandano de Andrade-Lima, a researcher at Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária – IPA, who contributed to the improvement and organization of botanical collections in the northeast. He was responsible for creating the first Botany graduate course in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, and took part in scientific expeditions promoted by foreign and national institutions, having a deep knowledge of the northeastern flora. Vernacular name: —Mororó (B. Pickel 221, IPA). Taxonomic notes: —Among the species of Bauhinia ser. Cansenia, B. andrade-limae is similar to B. membranacea as both share largely ovate bilobed leaves with an obtuse apex and nine prominent primary veins on the underside and an imprinted midrib on the upper side. However, B. andrade-limae presents chartaceous leaves with cordate base, glabrous upper and lower sides, and congested lobes in at least 1/3 of the total length, while B. membranacea has membranaceous leaves with truncated base, hairy upper surface and lower surface puberulous with adpressed and sparse glandular trichomes (Vaz & Tozzi 2003a). Bauhinia andrade-limae is restricted to areas of Atlantic forest in the states of Alagoas and Pernambuco, while Bauhinia membranacea occurs in the states of Bahia, Góias, Piauí and Tocantins, inhabiting areas of cerrado and humid forest, as well as in foothills, higher elevation deciduous forest, on borders of altered mesophyllous forest and in secondary semideciduous forest (Vaz & Tozzi, 2003a). Of the species of Bauhinia ser. Cansenia recorded in the Atlantic Forest in the northeast, B. andrade-limae shares with B. corifolia Queiroz (2020: 294) leaves with a glabrous upper surface, cordate base and 7–9 prominent primary veins in the lower part of the blade, but B. andrade-limae has chartaceous bilobed leaves, with obtuse to acute apex and congested lobes in at least 1/3 of the total length, while B. corifolia has rigid leathery leaves with a blunt apex, and short sinuses between the lobes, when present (Queiroz et al. 2020). Compared to Bauhinia arleneae Santos & Queiroz (2022: 213), B. andrade-limae shares the shrubby or small tree habit with chartaceous leaves glabrous on both sides and with prominent primary veins on the underside, but differs by having a largely ovate bilobed leaf blade with 7–9 primary veins, cordate base and obtuse apex, while B. arleneae has an elliptical, entire blade with 3–5 primary veins, with obtuse base and acuminate apex (Santos et al. 2022). Most of the collections recorded in Pernambuco come from the Tapacurá Ecological Station, a wildlife refuge in Mata do Toró intended for the development of research on the conservation of forest resources and the Atlantic Forest fauna through the graduate program in biodiversity from Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – UFRPE. The new species occurs in a species-rich area, where Leguminosae is the most representative family, with 68 of the 479 total species recorded (Pereira-Silva et al. 2022). The records of the new species in Alagoas mostly come from collections by Chagas-Mota during the 2009–2011 period. Field characters of Bauhinia andrade-limae include discolored leaves (M. Oliveira & A.A. Grillo 1025, MAC) with a reddish green underside (A.C. B. dos Santos et al. 76, HCDAL). The ripe fruits have smooth, reticulated brown valves (E. G. dos Santos 11, IPA). The flower buds have lilac streaks (K. Almeida & T.M.C. da Silva 170, PEUFR). Additional Specimens Examined: — BRAZIL. Alagoas: Boca da Mata, Serra da Nascéia, 26 September 2009 [fr.], Chagas-Mota 5735 (MAC!); Ch „ Preta, Serra Lisa, 16 October 2010 [fr.], Chagas-Mota & J.M. Ferreira 9042 (MAC!); Flexeiras, Águas Belas, 06 August 2010 [fr.], Chagas-Mota et al. 7916 (MAC!); Ibateguara, Akidaban, borda da trilha, interior da mata, 08 August 2002 [fl., fr.], M. Oliveira & A.A. Grillo 1025 (IPA!, MAC!, HUEFS!); Ibateguara, Coimbra, 27 October 2003 [fr.], M. Oliveira & Bráulio 1432 (IPA!, MAC!); Ibateguara, Coimbra, Grota da Burra, 29 March 2011 [fr.], Chagas-Mota 10699 (MAC!); Joaquim Gomes, AL-3F, 9º02’42”S 35º49’12”W, 4 July 2016 [fl.], A.A.S. Mascarenhas s.n. (RB!, MAC); Mar Vermelho, Fazenda Canadá, 08 May 2009, Chagas-Mota et al. 3740 (MAC!); Messias, Engenho Oriente, Serra da Cachoeira, 11 June 1980 [fr.], C.V. Lima et al. 07 (IPA!, RB!, HCDAL!); Messias, Engenho Horizonte, Serra da Cachoeira, 11 June 1980 [fl., fr.], G.L. Esteves & O. Viégas 365 (MAC!); Murici, Fazenda Pedra Branca, próximo à Cachoeira, 16 September 2004 [fl.], E. Cardoso 39 (MAC!); Quebrangulo, ReBio Pedra Talhada, Trilha principal, interior da mata, 9º15’16”S 36º25’50”W, 05 September 2012 [fr.], B.S. Amorim et al. 1646 (MAC!, NY, JPB); Teotônio Vilela, Fazenda Brejo, Próximo a BR-101, 18 November 2008 [fl., fr.], E.B. Jesus 08 (MAC!); Viçosa, Fazenda Jussara, 28 January 2010 [fl.], Chagas-Mota 7251 (MAC!); Viçosa, Fazenda Jussara, 23 September 2010 [fl.], Chagas-Mota et al. 8661 (MAC!); Viçosa, Fazenda Jussara, 23 September 2010 [fr.], Chagas-Mota et al. 8662 (MAC!); Viçosa, Fazenda Jussara, 25 November 2010 [fr.], Chagas-Mota & J.M. Ferreira 9625 (MAC!); Pernambuco: Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Margem direita do Rio Gurjaú, parte mais baixa da mata, 14 May 1952 [fl., fr.], A. Ducke & D. Andrade-Lima 107 (IPA!, IAN, SP); Quipapá, Engenho Brejinho, 16 June 1972 [fl., fr.], D. Andrade-Lima 6908 (IPA!, HCDAL!, RB!); Quipapá, Engenho Brejinho, 15 September 1972 [fl., fr.], D. Andrade-Lima 7021 (IPA!); Quipapá, Engenho Brejinho, 15 September 1972 [fl.], D. Andrade-Lima 6993 (IPA!); S„o Lourenço da Mata, Tapera, S„o Bento, campo à beira dos caminhos, March 1919 [fl., fr.], B. Pickel 221 (IPA!); S„o Lourenço da Mata, Mata do Toró, 26 August 1980 [fl., fr.], A. Bocage & D. Andrade-Lima 18 (IPA!, HCDAL!); S„o Lourenço da Mata, Mata do Toró, 26 August 1980 [fr.], A. Bocage & D. Andrade-Lima 10 (IPA!, HCDAL!); S„o Lourenço da Mata, Refúgio da Vida Silvestre Mata do Toró, interior da mata do Toró, 31 January 2016 [fr.], E. G. dos Santos 11 (IPA!); S„o Lourenço da Mata, Estaç „o Ecológica do Tapacurá, 8º00’46”S 34º57’01”W, 21 July 2000 [fr.], K. Almeida & T.M.C. da Silva 59 (PEUFR!, RB!, JPB); S„o Lourenço da Mata, Estaç „o Ecológica do Tapacurá, 21 August 2003 [fl.], M.S. Sobrinho 310 (UFP); S„o Lourenço da Mata, Estaç „o Ecológica de Tapacurá, 8º00’46”S 34º57’01”W, 19 July 2001 [fl., fr.], K. Almeida & T.M.C. da Silva 170 (IPA!, RB!, PEUFR!, JPB); S„o Lourenço da Mata, Estaç „o Ecológica de Tapacurá, Mata do Toró, 8º03’36”S 35º10’40”W, 16 July 2021 [fr.], A.C. B. dos Santos et al. 78 (HCDAL!); S„o Lourenço da Mata, Estaç „o Ecológica de Tapacurá, Mata do Toró, 8º03’36”S 35º10’40”W, 16 July 2021 [fl.], A.C. B. dos Santos et al. 77 (HCDAL!); August 1937 [fr.], Vasconcellos Sobrinho 498 (IPA!).

Bauhinia arleneae A.C.B. Santos & L.P. Queiroz, sp. nov. Type: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Uruçuca, Serra Grande, Parque Estadual da Serra do Conduru, 14º25’23”S 39º03’37”W, 21 May 2021 [fl., fr.], A.C.B. Santos & L. Daneu 59 (holotype HUEFS!, isotypes NY!, RB!, PEUFR!, HCDAL!). Figures 1, 2. Diagnosis: —The eastern Brazilian Bauhinia arleneae is similar to the Amazonian Bauhinia cinnamomea Candolle (1825: 517) with both species sharing unifoliolate entire elliptical leaves with acuminate apex, and flowers paired along the pseudoracemes, but differing by the multi-stemmed shrubby or treelet habit (vs. erect treelet in B. cinammomea), leaves with 3 (rarely 5) primary veins and lacking a marginal vein (vs. 7 primary veins plus a marginal vein), glabrous in both faces (vs. the lower face puberulous and with sparse glandular hairs), and cuneate to obtuse base (vs. rounded to truncate base), fruits up to 2 cm wide with coriaceous-woody, reticulate, light brown valves (vs. valves 2.2 cm or wider, thick, woody and rugous, almost black). Description:—Multi-stemmed shrubs or treelets 3–5 (6) m tall, with long and flexuous stems, DBH up to 3.7 cm, unbranched at the base, bark grayish; distal internodes (1.5) 2–4 cm long. Extrafloral nectaries 1–2 mm long, conical, yellowish, close to the base of the petiole, present only in a few leaves. Stipules ca. 1 mm long, ovate, glabrous, membranaceous and caducous, present only in the distal leaves. Leaf unifoliate; petiole 0.8–2.2 (3.0) cm long, thin, glabrous and canaliculate on the upper surface; pulvinus 3–5 mm long; pulvinulum (3) 4–5 (6) mm long; leaf blade entire, 14–22.5 (27.5) × (4.5) 6.5–9.0 cm, chartaceous to papyraceous, elliptical to narrowly elliptical, base obtuse to cuneate, apex acuminate to slightly cuspidate, primary veins 3 (rarely 5), the upper surface glabrous with inconspicuous primary, secondary and tertiary veins, lower surface glabrous with prominent primary, slightly prominent secondary and reticulate tertiary veins. Inflorescence a terminal pseudoraceme, 3–7 cm long, short-pedunculate; peduncle 1.5–2.0 cm long; flowers in pairs along the rachis; bracts 1–2 × 1–2 mm in one pair, alternately arranged at the base of the pedicel; pedicel 0.7–1.3 mm long. Floral buds 2.8–4.2 cm long, linear, 5-angled, minutely tomentose with short adpressed and ferruginous trichomes. Flowers andromonoecious, 50–58 mm long; hypanthium 11–16 mm long, cylindrical-tubular, internally slightly puberulous, externally minutely ferruginous tomentose; sepals 5, (3.5) 5.3–5.5 × (0.1) 0.2– 0.4 cm, fleshy, minutely ferruginous tomentose on the outer surface, glabrous on the inner surface, becoming curled when the flower is open; petals 5, 23–35 × 2.0– 3.2 mm, single-nerved, white, linear and glabrous; stamens 10 (present in male and hermaphrodite flowers), filaments 35–50 mm long, joined at the base in a short staminal column 2–4 mm long, minutely whitish tomentose on the inner surface, anthers ca. 9 × 1.5 mm long, dorsifixed close to the base, dehiscing by introrse and longitudinal slits; gynoecium (only present in hermaphrodite flowers) ca. 32.5 mm long, stipe ca. 15 mm long, ovary ca. 6 × 1 mm, puberulous with yellowish hairs, 8–10-ovulate, style ca. 10 mm long, glabrous, stigma ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous and with an oblique surface. Legume elastically dehiscent, 13.5–15 (22) × 1.5–2.0 cm, linear, apex acute and base cuneate, stipe 2–3 cm long; valves coriaceous-woody, reticulate and light brown. Seeds ca. 11 × 8 mm, suborbiculate, compressed, testa black, smooth, and bony. Distribution and habitat: — Bauhinia arleneae is known only from the central-eastern region of the state of Bahia, in tropical humid forests (Figure 3). Apart from one collection from Salvador, most of the collections are from the Southern Bahian Atlantic Forest, a species-rich area where several legume taxa have been described in the last 50 years, such as the endemic genus Harleyodendron Cowan (1979: 72) and the species Brodriguesia santosii Cowan (1981: 9), Chamaecrista amorimii Barneby (1999: 331), Inga unica Barneby & Grimes (1994: 66), Moldenhawera congestiflora Vivas & Queiroz (2019: 285), Parkia bahiae Hopkins (1982: 347) and Zollernia magnifica Carvalho & Barneby (1993: 210). Phenology: —Flower buds and flowers were collected from January to September and fruits from February to November. Conservation status: —The new species is assessed as endangered (EN) according to IUCN (2012) criteria B1ab(i, ii, iii)+2ab(i, ii, iii) as it presents AOO = 24 km ² and EOO = 4310.29 km ² and occurs in severely fragmented areas subject to continuous deforestation. Etymology: —The epithet “arleneae” is a tribute to Dr. Maria Arlene Pessoa da Silva, professor at the Department of Biological Sciences at Universidade Regional do Cariri – URCA, Crato, Ceará, Brazil, for her contribution to botanical studies in Northeastern Brazil, as well as for her dedication to the academic and professional training of several undergraduate and graduate students. Vernacular name: —Pé-de-cabra (L.A. Mattos-Silva et al. 505) Taxonomic notes Among the species of Bauhinia ser. Cansenia, B. arleneae is similar to B. cinnamomea due to both being treelets occurring in the understory of humid forests, and having entire leaves with acute apex, linear-lanceolate long-clawed petals as long as the filaments and the staminal column with sparse indument on the inner side (Vaz & Tozzi 2003b). However, B. cinnamomea usually has leaves with 7 (rarely 5) primary veins, a prominent marginal vein on the underside, and straight, craspedodromous external secondary veins reaching the marginal vein, while B. arleneae has leaves with 3 (rarely 5) primary veins, without a marginal vein and with camptodromous external secondary veins. Bauhinia arleneae is restricted to ombrophilous forests on the south-central coast of Bahia, in northeastern Brazil, while B. cinnamomea occurs in the central and western Amazon Forest (Vaz & Tozzi 2003b). Among species of Bauhinia ser. Cansenia recorded for the Atlantic Forest of Bahia, B. arleneae shares with B. corifolia Queiroz (2020: 294) the entire leaves with glabrous adaxial surface and flowers in pairs along the pseudoraceme, but B. arleneae has plane leaflets, 14–22.5 (27.5) cm long, chartaceous to papyraceous, elliptical to narrowly elliptical, with obtuse to cuneate base, acuminate to slightly cuspidate apex, primary veins 3 (rarely 5), while B. corifolia has leaflets 7–10.5 cm long, rigid coriaceous, with cordate to rounded base, retuse to rarely truncate or emarginate apex and revolute margin, with 7–9 primary veins (Queiroz et al. 2020). Field characters of Bauhinia arleneae include the concolorous leaves with a bright yellowish green adaxial surface and slightly paler yellowish green abaxial surface. The immature fruits are bright olive green in color. The conical and yellowish extrafloral nectaries, close to the base of the petiole, can be confused with spinescent structures due to their rigid texture with an almost pungent apex. The analyzed specimens present two types of flowers in the same individual: male only and hermaphroditic, characterizing the species as andromonoecious. In Bauhinia ser. Cansenia, this variation of floral type was previously recorded only for B. cupulata Bentham (1870: 188) (Vaz & Tozzi 2003b). Additional Specimens Examined: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Camamú, Rodovia BA-650, Camamú / Travessão, entrada a 15,7 Km da sede municipal, fazenda Zumbi dos Palmares (assentamento) ca. 1 Km da rodovia e ca. 6,3 Km na viscinal para a fazenda Dandara, 14º00’54”S 39º08’20”W, 22 February 2000 [fl., fr.], J.G. Jardim et al. 2741 (CEPEC!, NY!, UESC!, HUEFS!); Camamú, Rodovia Travessão (BR-101) a Camamu, Km 26, em frente a entrada das Fazendas Agrobrahma e Alfa, 19 September 1988 [fr.], L.A. Mattos-Silva et al. 2532 (CEPEC!, MBM); Camamú, Rodovia Travessão/Camamu, Km 33. Ramal a direita para Fazenda Brahma, 14º00’S 39º13’W, 15 June1979 [fr.], L.A. MattosSilva et al. 505 (CEPEC!, US); Igrapiúna, Rodovia para Itubera (BR 001), Reserva de Michelin, 13º49’S 39º11’W, 01 August 2008 [fr.], Assoc. Myrtaceae Class 21 (HUEFS!, ASU); Igrapiúna, Reserva Espinita, Litoral Sul, 13º52’30”S 39º09’10”W, 01 June 2019 [fr.], M.L. Guedes et al. 31721 (ALCB!); Igrapiúna, Litoral Sul, Mata do pacangê, Ituberá/ Igrapiúna, 10 April 2006 [fr.], R.M. Valadão & M.L. Guedes 427 (ALCB!); Igrapiúna, Litoral Sul, Mata da Vila-V, Ituberá/Igrapiúna, 25 June 2006 [fr.], R.M. Valadão & M.L. Guedes 428 (ALCB!); Itacaré, Fazenda Capitão a 7,9km W do entroncamento BA 001 na estrada de Itacaré a Ubaitaba, Sul da Bahia, 14º20’S 39º05’W, 04 November 2001 [fr.], W.W. Thomas et al. 12770 (CEPEC!); Itacaré, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itacaré, km 59, Fazenda Boa paz, 14º20’08”S 39º01’55”W, 13 September 2006 [fr.], J.R.V. Iganci et al. 192 (CEPEC!); Itacaré, 1Km ao N e 2,5Km a W da junção com Marambaia, BR-101 para Itacaré (BA-654), 6Km a W de Itacaré, 14º20’S 39º05’W, 16 May 1992 [fl., fr.], W.W. Thomas et al. 9394 (CEPEC!, NY!); Itacaré, Loteamento da Marambaia, 6Km ao SW de Itacaré, BR-101, 16 February 1993 [fl.], A.M. Carvalho et al. 4126 (CEPEC!); Salvador, Região Metropolitana de Salvador, Mata dos Oitis, 26 September 1976 [fl.], J. Araújo et al. 81 (ALCB!); Ubaitaba, ramal a esquerda na estrada Ubaitaba/ Itacaré, a 4 Km do Loteamento da Marambaia, 20 November 1991 [fr.], A.M. Amorim et al. 443 (CEPEC!, NY!); Uruçuca, Rodovia Ilhéus/ Itacaré, entrada a esquerda, na rotatória de acesso a Uruçuca, ca. 9,5Km, ramal a esquerda do Parque Estadual Serra do Condurú, 14º29’S 39º06’W, 23 October 2003 [fr.], P. Fiaschi et al. 1727 (CEPEC!, NY!); Uruçuca, Fazenda Lagoa 7,7 Km na estrada que liga Serra Grande / Itacaré, Distrito de Serra Grande, 06 May 1996 [fr.], A.M.S. da F. Vaz et al. 1037 (CEPEC!); Uruçuca, Parque Estadual da Serra do Condurú, 14º25’S 39º05’W, 10 May 2009 [fr.], D. Piotto 1998 (CEPEC!); Uruçuca, 7,3Km na estrada Serra Grande/ Itacaré, Fazenda Lagoa do Conjunto, Fazenda Santa Cruz, Distrito Serra Grande, 14º25’S 39º01’W, 28 February 1994 [fl., fr.], A.M. Carvalho et al. 4407 (CEPEC!, NY!, US); Uruçuca, 4,6 Km de Serra Grande em direção a Itacaré, 14º25’50”S 39º03’13”W, 24 January 2004 [fl.], T.S. Nunes et al. 1009 (HUEFS!, HCDAL!); Uruçuca, ca. 5 Km de Serra Grande, 14º26’23”S 39º03’17”W, 01 October 2008, L.P. Queiroz 13842 (HUEFS!); Uruçuca, Serra Grande, 14º35’S 39º17’W, 29 June 2017 [fr.], M.L. Guedes et al. 25801 (ALCB!); Uruçuca, Distrito Serra Grande, Parque Estadual da Serra do Conduru, 14º25’23”S 39º03’37”W, 21 May 2021 [fl., fr.], A.C.B. Santos & L. Daneu 59 (HUEFS!, NY!, RB!, HCDAL!, PEUFR!).