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Cultivation of grain legumes including blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is an important reserve for increase of high protein feed production. The aim of the research is to find perspective blue lupin varieties and accessions according to yield, adaptivity, the duration of vegetation period and biochemical indices in south-western area of the Central part of Russia. In 2019-2021 six blue lupin varieties and four accessions developed in the All-Russian Lupin Scientific Research Institute have been tested in competitive variety trial (Vityas was standard variety). The trials were laid on sod-podzolic, loamy soil with the moderate fertility level. The average grain yield of varieties in the trial was 2.07 t/ha, of standard variety – 1.85 t/ha. The varieties Bryansky kormovoy, Uzkolistny 53 and accessions BSv 51-19, USN 53-236 and SBS 56-15 had the highest grain yield. Their grain productivity varied from 2.17 to 2.29 t/ha. Statistically significant increase to the standard was 0.32-0.44 t/ha. The accessions BSv 51-19 and USN 53-236 had the maximum grain yield by adaptivity coefficient of 110%. According to the green mass yield and adaptivity Bryansky kormovoy and new promising accessions SBS 56-15, USN 53-236 and BSv 51-19 have been noted: the increase to the standard according to the green mass yield was 5.0-7.0 t/ha, the adaptivity coefficient was 104-110%. By the duration of vegetation period (80-89 days) all varieties and accessions were included into the group of early-ripening. The new tall variety Belorozovy 144 had the longest vegetation period (89 days). According to the alkaloid content in the grain (0.031-0.063 %) all tested varieties and accessions were included into the low-alkaloid group. The varieties Smena, Uzkolistny 53 and the accession SBS 56-15 were characterized by stable low index (0.031-0.039 %). The content of raw protein in the seeds of tested varieties and accessions of blue lupin varied in the range of 32.0-33.8%. According to the set of positive traits, Bryansky kormovoy variety and accessions USN 53-236 and SBS 56-15 have been noted.

Relevance. Therefore, at present, varieties with an average seed size are used for the production of canned "green peas". In this regard, it is important to create varieties with a mass of 1000 seeds less than 150 g for the production of premium canned food.Methods. The object of research was the lines of hybrids of vegetable peas of different ripeness groups with a low weight of 1000 seeds.Results. At the initial stage of the work, plants with a low mass of 1000 seeds and green cotyledons were selected and brought to constant lines over several years. Over the years of sampling, the weather conditions were with sharp changes in temperature and precipitation. This made it possible to single out samples with low variability of the selected characters based on the totality of characters. In 2018-2019, the selected lines were studied according to the characteristics of productivity and manufacturability during the period of technical ripeness in the nursery of competitive variety testing of vegetable peas. To determine the duration of the technical ripeness period and its relationship with the yield, the green peas were harvested in three periods, starting with the minimum density indicators (34-35 units) and with an interval of three days. When determining the fractional composition of green peas, sample 4.12 was isolated, which received the varietal name Smaylik. Green peas of this variety had a fairly high uniformity and small grain diameter with a predominance of fractions of 5-8.5 mm and 8.6-9.9 mm. Sample 12.12 was close to Smaylik in its performance. According to the results of competitive variety testing, the Smaylik variety in 2019 was transferred to the State variety testing of the Russian Federation.

The current paper has presented the results of breeding work on maize in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The three-line and double interlinear middle early and middle ripening maize hybrids of various economic use ‘Zernogradsky 242 MV’, ‘Zernogradsky 282 MV’, ‘Zernogradsky 288 MV’, ‘Zernogradsky 299 MV’, ‘Zernogradsky 354 MV’, ‘Zernogradsky MV’, ‘Stepnyak MV’ were developed and included into the State List of Breeding Achievements from 2006 to 2020. The Competitive Variety Testing has identified a new high-heterosis simple hybrid ‘Zernogradsky 352 MB’ and the new early ripening hybrids ‘Krucha M × KB 215’, ‘Krucha M × SP 56/57’ with low harvesting grain moisture. The main method used to develop maize hybrids was an interline hybridization using heterosis in the first generation (F1 ). There have been determined the priority directions of further breeding, namely early ripeness, grain humidity-transfer intensity during ripening, drought resistance, high starch content in grain. There has been developed new initial material for each direction of breeding. There have been selected the introduced testers (‘Alpha M’, ‘Almaz M’, ‘Aurora S’, ‘Milena M’, ‘Istok S’) to develop early-ripening hybrids. There have been identified the early and middle-early ripening self-pollinated lines ‘C 207’, ‘RD 12’, ‘TVA 308’, ‘PLS 61’, ‘KB 215’, etc., with a high grain humidity-transfer intensity during ripening (0.95–1.30% per day), low harvest moisture content of grain (10.8–13.8%). There have been developed the new self-pollinated waxy maize lines (24/29/5, 25/64/10, 26/8, 26/4, 26/80, 24/28) with 68.1–69.8% of amylopectin starch in grain. There have been identified the new self-pollinated maize lines resistant to water stress (DS 498/217-3, DS 257/85-5, DS 498/203, KB 262, etc.) promising for breeding drought-resistant maize hybrids.

Frequently occured dry years and a sharp decrease of productivity and gross harvests of grain crops require scientifically grounded selection of grain crops that stabilize its production. Currently, the drought resistant sorghum varieties can become a good alternative for the main spring grain crops. In the Luhansk region, the average annual amount of precipitation is 475 mm, which confirms the advantage in growing grain sorghum over other spring grain crops. However, plant density of the modern recommended grain sorghum varieties related to specific soil and climatic conditions has not yet been studied enough. The purpose of the current research was to study and highlight the optimal plant density of the grain sorghum variety ‘Ataman' in the conditions of the Luhansk region. The study was carried out on the basis of the Luhansk National Agricultural University in 2018-2019. Sorghum was sown at the rate of 350.000 germinated grains per hectare. In a sprouting phase, plant density was manually formed according to the experimental scheme (from 40 to 340 thousand/ha). The study of the new early-ripening grain sorghum variety ‘Ataman', developed by the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, showed that regardless of the moisture supply and the thermal regime during vegetation, it was advisable to grow this variety with a plant density of 140-220 thousand/ha. In the conditions of the Luhansk region with mineral nutrition N60P40, it was possible to form the productivity of the grain sorghum variety ‘Ataman' at the level of 5.06-5.52 t/ha of grain and more. The vegetation period of the variety ‘Ataman', depending on the plant density and weather/climatic conditions of the year, was 90-102 days, which made it possible to harvest it in the 1st-2nd decade of September without additional drying of the grain. The variety did not lodge or shed its grain, and was also resistant to grain aphids.

Relevance. The non-chernozem zone of Russia and the more northern regions of the country are far from the most favorable zones for the cultivation of tomatoes in open ground. The most promising for the northern zones of Russia are earlyripening, cold-resistant varieties and hybrids of tomato. The most promising in terms of productivity, resistance to short-term frosts and late blight damage are standard and semi-standard forms of tomato. Stamp forms (var. validum Brezh.) are of significant interest, both for breeding, genetic studies of tomato culture, and for production.Results. In the laboratory of selection and seed production of solanaceous crops of the FSBSI FSVC (VNIISSOK) in recent years, a whole series of standard early ripe tomato varieties for open ground has been created (Chelnok, Revansh, Pervotsvet, Argo, Evgeniya, Malinka, Otradny). The involvement of the selected standard forms in the crosses made it possible to create a number of promising lines and varieties of the semi-standard form (Perst, Pervotsvet, Blagodatny, Dolgonosik, Voskhod VNIISSOK), which significantly increases the genetic diversity of the standard forms. These varieties with a solids content of up to 7.5%, with a long shelf life. In the non-chernozem zone and the more northern regions of the country, the VNIISSOK selection varieties easily tolerate a short-term decrease in day and night temperatures to 0…-1°C, and in the southern regions drought.

Wheat is the main cereal crop in Kazakhstan and fertilizers play an important role in enhancing harvest growth. In this study, the impact of new sulfur-containing fertilizers on the growth and yield of wheat was evaluated, and the resistance of varieties to Puccinia triticina Erikss was also investigated. (also known as Puccinia recondite Rob. ex Desm.) for recommendations in agriculture. The study was conducted from 2017 to 2020 in a nursery and greenhouse. The sulfur-containing fertilizer contains nutrients that allow you to extend the duration of absorption by the plant, thereby extending the period of their availability to plants, compared to conventional preparations. By encapsulating molten elemental sulfur and impregnating with a solution of calcium polysulfide, a long-acting compound based on amorphous and monocalcium phosphate was developed. The sulfur is in a water-soluble sulfate form, which, in turn, is slowly oxidized by bacteria and retained in the soil. Three different types of the developed sulfur-containing nano-particle have been used to test in greenhouses and nurseries: powdered, pasty sulfur-containing composition, and a solution of calcium polysulfide. The results showed that the use of powdered and dissolved sulfur-containing fertilizers contributed to the early ripeness and increased productivity of wheat. Wheat varieties were tested for the presence of key Lr genes that determine resistance to brown rust. The Omskaya 29 sample showed an immune response according to phytopathological assessment, and molecular screening revealed four resistance genes. The new sulfur-containing product is recommended for improving wheat productivity in agriculture, and the Omskaya 29 variety can also be used as a valuable breeding material resistant to brown rust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Modern production imposes increased requirements to the range of used cultivars, so the development of new cultivars and hybrids most adapted to certain soil and climatic conditions is an important task of breeding.Materials and methods. Table beet accessions from the VIR collection originating from 17 countries were chosen as the material for the present research. The accessions were studied at Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR, at the Genetic Diversity and Plant Bioresources Center of the All-Russian Breeding and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery (VSTISP) and at Maikop Experiment Station, a branch of VIR, according to VIR’s guidelines. esults. The relationships between earliness, bolting resistance, cold tolerance and resistance to black root have been established. The majority of the studied accessions had medium resistance to black root. The cultivars ‘Asmer Detroit 72’ (k-3113, Great Britain), ‘Bravo’ (k-3047, Russia) and ‘Podzimnyaya A-474’ (k-1678, Russia) distinguished by resistance to black root, were also characterized by cold tolerance and stable productivity. The differences in bolting resistance among the accessions were found to depend on their origin. The cultivars from Sweden, Finland and from the Russian Northwest were most resistant to bolting. The early accessions ‘Perfected Detroit Dark Red’ (k-1815, Canada), ‘Bikor’ (k-2873, the Netherlands), ‘Severnyshar’ (k-1586, Russia) and ‘Polyarnaya ploskaya’ (k-1585, Russia) were characterized by high rates of the vegetative mass growth and bolting resistance. It was noted that the absolutely monogermic varieties have lower ripening rates, productivity, and resistance to bolting, compared to the multigerm ones, but have similar chemical composition indicators and root quality. Accessions with a wide distribution area that maintain high root productivity at 115–120% to the reference in different climatic conditions have been identified.Conclusions. The research has resulted in the identification of table beet accessions characterized by a complex of biological and economically important traits. The relationships between earliness, resistance to bolting and cold tolerance have been revealed. Genetic sources of monogermicity, bolting resistance, cold tolerance, black root resistance and high root quality are recommended for the use in breeding.

On the basis of economic use there are three main types of sorghum: grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), sweet sor­ghum (Sorghum sahharatum (L.) Pers.) and grass (Sudan) sorghum (Sorghum sudanense (Piper.) Stapf). There are various directions in the breeding work with grain, sweet and grass sorghum. However, the main breeding task of any grain crop is to create highly pro­ductive varieties and hybrids with high quality of products. This implies the involvement of new initial material with the necessary quali­ties in the breeding process. To solve this problem, a rich genetic material is of great need, which will be used in hybridization. The pur­pose of the work is to identify the main directions and results of sorghum breeding, to study biological diversity within the varieties according to individual indicators and to identify the sources of valuable traits. A large number of the identified sources of economically valuable traits, which are annually involved in hybridization with productive varieties gives evidence of the biological diversity and rich genetic material. The fulfilled work resulted in a number of developed varieties that meet the requirements of agricultural production.

One of the main problems of modern vegetable growing is the creation of varieties with complex valuable traits, adapted to growing conditions and economic efficiency. The forms containing the ß (carotene) genes and r (yellow flesh), which play an important role in the diet of allergenic people, especially children, are of particular importance for improving red tomatoes. To demonstrate the variability of agronomic characters and to elucidate the value of tomato genotypes carrying ß (carotene), r (yellow pulp) genes, a comparative assessment of tomato genotypes was made taking into account a set of useful traits. The evaluation of genotypes was carried out based on the most valuable biological parameters (period of vegetation, number of fruits and productivity per plant, fruit mass, thickness of pericarp, heat resistance). Genotypes combining characters of early ripeness with high productivity were identified in the tomato collection. Analysis of tomato genotypes for heat resistance made it possible to reveal highly resistant genotypes that are of interest as an initial material for breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The period between shooting and earing stages was investigated in a group of 265 barley accessions from Dagestan. The accessions k-15008 and k-15013 were characterized by the highest development rate in South Dagestan. In Northwest Russia the early accession k-15027 was revealed. In 207 barley accessions the dominant and recessive alleles of the Ppd and VRN genes involved in control of the period between shooting and earing stages were identified with the use of allele-specific molecular markers. Twenty two groups with different allelic combinations of the loci were revealed. The most numerous groups possessed the Ppd-H1Ppd-H2vrn-H1 Vrn-H2vrnH3 and ppd-H1Ppd-H2vrn-H1Vrn-H2vrnH3 allelic combinations and included 59 and 91 accessions correspondingly.

Potential yield of corn hybrids with a different FAO number is limited by not only rainfall amount, average soil and air temperature throughout vegetation period, but also directly depends on plant density. The study and practical application of special agricultural techniques allows us to limit and mitigate the negative impact of these factors on the productivity of maize, depending on the indicators under study and the soil and climatic resources of the cultivation zone. Therefore, the study of the influence of the seeding rate on the growth and development of corn plants remains relevant. The results presented make it possible to choose optimal seeding rates for corn hybrids of early and middle groups of ripeness (FAO 180-280). Overcrowding from 61,000 to 93,000 seeds ha-1 leads to increase in interstage period 'sprouting-wax ripeness' of Rodnik 179SV hybrid for 4 days, of MAS 12R and AMELIOR hybrids-for 2 days, and of MAS 30K hybrid - for 3 days. Hybrids Rodnik 179SV and AMELIOR reached maximum height - 217 cm and 214 cm respectively - at seeding rate of 73,000 seeds ha-1, while hybrids MAS 12R and MAS 30K grew up to their 213 cm and 223 cm respectively at seeding rate of 77,000 seeds ha-1. Decrease in seeding rate to less than 73,000 seeds ha-1 and, contrary to it, overcrowding of seeds of more than 77,000 seeds ha-1 leads to decrease in corn hybrid plant height. Agronomically, the most efficient for maximizing early ripe Rodnik 179SV and MAS 12R hybrids yields (6.39 and 6.73 t ha-1) and middle-early ripe AMELIOR hybrid yield (6.81 t ha-1) was the seeding rate of 73,000 seeds ha-1, while the highest yield of middle MAS 30K hybrid (7.21 t ha-1) was at the seeding rate of 77,000 seeds ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Studying the inheritance of such trait of soybean (Glucine max (L.) Merrill) as growing season length in F2 and assessing hybrid combinations to identify more quick-ripening phenotypes as compared to parents. Methods. Laboratory test, mathematico-statistical evaluation. Results. In most crossbreeding combinations, when parents differed by growing season length, late ripeness was dominated in F2, in one combination – early ripeness, in two combinations, when parents scarcely differed by growing season length, complementary effect was observed for this index. It was found that ‘Anzhelika’/‘Mageva’ combination generated the highest number of more quick-ripening forms than any of the parents (13.1%), a smaller number was identified in ‘Legenda’/‘Vizhion’ (6.4%) and ‘Anzhelika’/‘Gentleman’ (4.0%), and barely noticeable number was observed in ‘Legenda’/‘Yelena’ combination (1.3%). Conclusions. In the following crossbreeding combinations as ‘Legenda’/‘Vizhion’, Legenda’/‘Korado’, ‘Legenda’/‘Ustia’, ‘Legenda’/‘Yelena’, ‘Yug-30’/‘Gentleman’, ‘No. 894’/‘Vizhion’, ‘Anzhelika’/‘Annushka’, ‘No. 894’/‘Annushka’, ‘Legenda’/‘Annushka’, ‘No. 441’/‘Gentleman’, ‘No. 441’/‘Vizhion’, ‘No. 441’/‘Annushka’, ‘Anzheli­ka’/‘Gentleman’ and ‘Anzhelika’/‘Prypiat’ when parents considerably and insignificantly differ by growing season length, late ripeness was dominated in F2. ‘Ustia’/‘Vizhion’ and ‘Yug-30’/‘ Vizhion’ crossbreeding combinations in which parents hardly differ by growing season, complementary effect was observed in F2 for this index.

It is shown that early biological ripeness of the soybean plant in the region of the Central Nonblack earth area with the low sum of active temperatures and short vegetation season has a significant value in agricultural production. It is not only genetically determined but also depends on the conditions of growing and weather-climatic features within the period of crop growth and development. The variability of the early ripeness traits within the interphase development periods was studied at 190 breeding lines representing the vegetable and grain forms of Russian and foreign origin, with a very early and early ripeness groups in the conditions of 55° N latitude. The duration of the vegetation period of the soybean is represented in the form of the sum of the active temperature. The earliest ripening samples of the vegetable and grain soybean are revealed with the necessary sum of the active temperatures-respectively 1838 and 1757°C in the conditions of Moscow oblast. A low variability of the duration of the vegetative, generative, and vegetation periods is specified. The interphase development periods of the vegetable and grain forms, except for the bud and flower formation periods, also has a weak variability degree, which is important to be considered in the breeding work. It is specified that the vegetable forms of the soybean are characterized by a later ripeness than the grain forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of evaluation and selection of breeding material of mixed germ-plasm corn for early ripeness among self-pollinated families S4 by the length of the «sprouting–flowering of 50% of ears» period are given. A signifi cant infl uence of weather conditions during the years of study on the length of this indicator was determined. Response of studied corn test-crosses on growing conditions are described. Self-pollinated families DK22282111, DK28211111, DK21511111, DK20192321, DK26143111 were singled out which had a high tolerance to growing conditions and stable «sprouting–flowering of 50% of ears» period.

The duration of the shooting-earing period of 265 barley samples from Dagestan was studied. During the 3 years of study at the Dagestan Experimental Station of VIR (Derbent), fast-ripening samples k-15008 and k-15013 were identified. Evaluation of spring forms in the northwestern region of the country made it possible to identify sample k-15027, which had a high rate of development over 2 years. It was found that Dagestan barleys are strongly influenced by growing conditions; that is, they have a high rate of response. Vernalization temperatures, short photoperiod, and high temperatures during the growing season contribute to fast barley ripening. Using molecular markers, the allelic diversity of genes Ppd-H1 and Ppd-H2, which are involved in the control of the duration of the shooting-earing period, was investigated. Most samples of local forms of barley carry dominant allele Ppd-H2, which causes early earing under short photoperiod. Translocation of the studied barley group to unusual conditions of northwest Russia leads to significant delay in plant development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Assessment of adaptive ability and environmental stability of new early-season maize hybrids created on the basis of inbred lines of hybrid germplasm and alternative germplasms was performed. Methods. Field, mathematical, and statistical. Results. The results revealed parameters of an adaptive capacity and environmental stability of 11 new inbred maize lines when testing their testcrosses obtained based on 3 testers. The DK285, DK265 and DK412 constant lines, the testcrosses of which had the highest average grain yield (5.49; 5.38; 5.25 t/ha respectively) were distinguished during the research period and they were characterized by high total adaptive capacity (1.48; 1,14; 0.75 respectively) with an intensive and plastic type of response to the variability of growing conditions. It was determined that Cross 267C sister hybrid was distinguished among the tester genotypes by the high values of the effects of the overall adaptive capacity (1.19) and the highest average yield of testcrosses (5.11 t/ha). Conclusions. We observed strong fluctuations in the average yield of grain from 1.96 to 8.13 t/ha during the study period. The level of manifestation of breeding characteristics and parameters of the ecological stability of genotypes depended on weather conditions which changed drastically during the study period and often negatively affected the assessment of genotypes. The high gradient variability of the test environments revealed a significant dependence of the stability-indicating parameters on the productivity of testcrosses. The correlation analysis showed the dependence of the hybrids productivity on the level of implementation of biometric indices of the plant under steppe conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breeders of the All-Russia Research Institute of Irrigated Vegetable and Melon Growing created new breeding valuable maternal lines CL fms (cut-leaved, choriphyllous) and EL fms (entire-leaved, integrifolious) with the functional male sterility and high general combining ability suitable for the production of early ripening F hybrids of large fruited pumpkin. The conducted analysis of pollen of the forced open anthers of flowers with the functional male sterility demonstrated its high fertility (90.2%) allowing the use of this pollen for artificial pollination. It was found that the functional male sterility of large fruited pumpkin is inherited recessively and controlled by the one gene. Maternal lines CL fms and EL fms demonstrated a high level of general combining ability for the 'ripeness' trait. F hybrids obtained based on these lines were superior to the standard mid-early ripening pumpkin variety Kroshka at 10-18 days; isolated hybrid combinations were at the level of standard variety in terms of yield and solids content. Maternal lines CL fms and EL fms allow the production of the hybrid offspring with brightly colored fruits in contrast to the maternal line LF fms (large fruited) that provided the hybrids with fruits that had different shades of gray color of the cortex. The majority of hybrid combinations allow obtaining fruits of portion size with an average weight of 1-3 kg and high productivity. F1 hybrid combination EL fms × Konfetka-ultra early ripening with colored fruits of portion size and high biochemical indexes was distinguished based on the complex of agronomic characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance high sugar productions needed by the Cuban economy it is necessary a great number of high-sugar content varieties which are capable of responding to the requirements to the first harvesting period and also adapted to long-crop cycles. This paper is a solution to this problem as the varieties SP70-1284, C86-12, C85-214, B78505 y C90-317 have shown in the replicated studies and in the commercial validation, that they positively respond to this crop cycle, in superhumid soils (vertisoils), being equal or surpassing such commercial varieties as C323-68, My55-14 etc. in the main agricultural and sugar indicators and also they have a better phytosanitary response to the principal sugarcane pests and diseases, so that, they have been planted in about 7913,86 ha in the 4 sugar mills sited in these soils, due to the experience of Villa Clara with these varieties, they are also being planted in Sancti Spíritus, Cienfuegos, Ciego de Ávila, Holguín and Camagüey counties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]