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Le terme d'évènement recouvre un large éventail de situations concrètes en oncologie radiothérapie, de l'effet secondaire particulièrement intense en lien avec l'irradiation à la possibilité d'une erreur technique ou humaine. Si les démarches qualité font désormais partie intégrante du fonctionnement des services d'oncologie radiothérapie pour l'analyse et la prévention de ces évènements, leur survenue au cours d'une irradiation conserve un impact significatif sur les personnes soignées et leur vécu du parcours de soin, mais aussi sur les professionnels de santé. Ces impacts pratiques, émotionnels et symboliques sont d'autant plus importants quand l'évènement survient dans les suites d'une erreur. La démarche éthique comprend alors trois temps essentiels : reconnaître l'évènement en tant que tel, informer les personnes impliquées de l'évènement et enfin créer les conditions favorables au maintien du soin. Chacune de ses étapes est marquée d'enjeux et de questionnements spécifiques nécessitant une approche éthique complexe amenant à considérer constamment la conciliation de perceptives parfois divergentes entre personnes soignées et professionnels de santé. La survenue d'un évènement peut aussi déboucher sur une authentique crise de confiance aux multiples dimensions que les professionnels de santé auront aussi à accompagner. Enfin, la survenue d'un évènement interroge notre responsabilité vis-à-vis des personnes que nous prenons en soin, mais aussi notre idéal de maîtrise. Critiquer notre culture de la performance, repenser profondément notre approche de l'évènement et de l'erreur pour y voir aussi une opportunité d'évolution positive sont autant de pistes à déployer au sein de nos unités de soin. The term "event" covers a wide range of concrete situations in radiation oncology, from particularly intense radiation-related side effects to the possibility of technical or human error. Although quality procedures are an integral part of radiotherapy oncology department operations ensuring the analysis and prevention of such events, their occurrence during radiation treatment still has a significant impact on patients and their experience of the treatment process, as well as on health professionals. These practical, emotional and symbolic impacts are all the greater when the event occurs in the aftermath of an error. The ethical approach therefore comprises three essential stages: recognizing the event as such, informing those involved of the event and, finally, creating conditions for the continuation of care. Each of these stages is marked by specific issues and questions, requiring a complex ethical approach that constantly involves reconciling the possible divergent perceptions of patients and health professionals. The occurrence of an event can also lead to a genuine crisis of confidence with multiple dimensions, which health professionals will also have to face and to support. Finally, the occurrence of an event calls into question not only our responsibility towards patients, but also our ideal of control. We need to criticize our culture of performance, rethink our approach to events and errors, and see them also as opportunities for positive change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy / Journal Canadien de la Pharmacie Hospitalière is the property of Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Miedzy Oryginalem a Przekladem is the property of Ksiegarnia Akademicka Sp. zo.o and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Akofena is the property of Universite Felix Houphouet Boigny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Akofena is the property of Universite Felix Houphouet Boigny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’un des laboratoires français de recherche dont la mission est d’orientation didactique tout en développant les questions liées à l’acquisition et l’apprentissage des langues étrangères dans un contexte international, universitaire et aussi spécialisé, est le LAIRDIL (Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Recherche en Didactique LANSAD, c’est-à-dire Langues pour Spécialistes d’Autres Disciplines) associé à l’Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier. L’équipe des membres universitaires réunis autour des recherches en linguistique appliquée à l’enseignement des langues se penche sur différents aspects langagiers. L’un des fruits de leur travail et de leurs nombreuses coo-pérations locales et internationales est la revue Études en Didactique des Langues (ISSN 2258-1510), indexée par exemple dans ERIH PLUS ou HAL.

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Language & Literature is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Synergies Chine is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lima Bezerra, auteur d’Os Estrangeiros no Lima/ Les Etrangers à Lima (1785 et 1791), imagine plusieurs dialogues entre M. Lami, un médecin portugais, et quatre étrangers : M. Raulin, un philosophe français, Mr. Clarck, un commerçant anglais, Sig. Julio, un voyageur italien, et D. Hugo, un historien espagnol. Chaque interlocuteur représente la voix des lieux communs projetés par chaque nation – la France, l’Angleterre, l’Italie et l’Espagne – sur le Portugal. Les interventions de M. Raulin nous semblent particulièrement intéressantes : parce qu’elles renvoient le lecteur vers une dimension philosophique des Lumières et parce qu’elles sont l’exemple du prestige de la culture française en Europe au XVIIIe siècle. En contrepoint, les prises de parole de Lami, un médecin portugais, malgré la complicité qui le lie à M.Raulin, dénoncent l’importance d’un regard local sur la crédibilité dominante de l’étranger. La connaissance est ainsi l’aboutissement d’une curieuse rhétorique : le trompe l’œil.

Algerian legislator has authorized the landowner to enjoy and dispose of his building as he wishes, provided that he does not violate the laws and regulations which oblige him to comply with certain constraints and conditions relating to both the public interest and to the private interests of individuals. Therefore, the law prohibited any infringement or abuse causing harm to others under penalty of liability. There are two types of liability of the landowner: one by fault; it is based on the general rules of negligent liability and the sanction of which involves compensation for the damage by way of compensation. The other liability comes out of the ordinary case in which the owner is liable without fault. This is when he causes unusual damage to others and for which the law involves compensation which can only be by the removal of the unusual damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zahlreiche Autoren, Autorinnen und kritische Initiativen (z. B. DORA) kritisieren den zu hohen und schädlichen Einfluss quantitativer Daten, welche akademische Instanzen für Evaluationszwecke heranziehen. Wegen des großen Einflusses der globalen Zitatdatenbanken von Thomson Reuters (bzw. Clarivate Analytics) auf die Bewertung der wissenschaftlichen Leistungen von Forscherinnen und Forschern habe ich extensive qualitative und quantitative Fallstudien zur Datenqualität des Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) durchgeführt, d. h. die Originaleinträge mit den SSCI-Datensätzen verglichen. Diese Fallstudien zeigten schwerste – nie in der Literatur erwähnte – Fehler, Verstümmelungen, Phantomautoren, Phantomwerke (Fehlerrate in der Fallstudie zu Beebe 2010, Harvard Law Review: 99 Prozent). Über die verwendeten Datenerfassungs- und Indexierungsverfahren von TR bzw. Clarivate Analytics ist nur wenig bekannt. Ein Ergebnis meiner Untersuchungen: Bei der Indexierung von Verweisen in Fußnoten (wie in den Rechtswissenschaften, gerade auch der USA, vorgeschrieben) scheinen die verwendeten Textanalyse-Anwendungen und -Algorithmen völlig überfordert. Eine Qualitätskontrolle scheint nicht stattzufinden. Damit steht der Anspruch des SSCI als einer multidisziplinären Datenbank zur Debatte. Korrekte Zitate in den Fußnoten des Originals können zu Phantom-Autoren, Phantom-Werken und Phantom-Referenzen degenerieren. Das bedeutet: Sämtliche Zeitschriften und Disziplinen, deren Zeitschriften und Büchern dieses oder ähnliche Zitierverfahren verwenden (Oxford-Style), laufen Gefahr, aufgrund starker Zitatverluste falsch, d. h. unterbewertet, zu werden. Wie viele UBOs (Unidentifiable Bibliographic Objects) sich in den Datenbanken SCI, SSCI und AHCI befinden, wäre nur mit sehr aufwändigen Prozeduren zu klären. Unabhängig davon handelt es sich, wie bei fast allen in meinen Untersuchungen gefundenen fatalen Fehlern, eindeutig um endogene Fehler in den Datenbanken, die nicht, wie oft behauptet, angeblich falsch zitierenden Autorinnen und Autoren zugeschrieben werden können, sondern erst im Laufe der Dateneingabe und -verarbeitung entstehen. Numerous authors and critical initiatives (such as DORA) criticize the excessive and damaging influence of quantitative data that academic administrators use for evaluation purposes. Due to the great impact of Thomson Reuters' (TR) or Clarivate Analytics' global citation databases on the evaluation of researchers' scientific achievements, I have conducted extensive qualitative and quantitative case studies on the data quality of the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), in an innovative way by comparing the original references cited with the SSCI records indexed entries. These case studies revealed the most serious – to my knowledge, never mentioned in the literature before – errors, mutilations, phantom authors, phantom works (error rate: 99 % in the case study for Beebe 2010, Harvard Law Review). Little is known about the data collection and indexing techniques used by TR and Clarivate Analytics. A result of my investigations: When indexing references in footnotes (as prescribed in the scientific discipline of law, especially in the USA), the text analysis applications and algorithms seem to be completely overextended; quality control seems not to be in place. This raises the claim of the SSCI to be of a high quality multidisciplinary database. Correct citations in the footnotes of the original can degenerate into phantom authors, phantom works, and phantom references. This means that all journals and disciplines with journals and books using this or similar citation method (Oxford Style) run the risk of being misrepresented (i.e. undervalued) due to heavy citation losses. How many unidentifiable bibliographic objects (UBOs) are in the SCI, SSCI and AHCI databases would only be possible with very complex procedures. Either way, as with almost all the fatal errors found in my investigations, it is clearly a matter of endogenous databases errors that can not be attributed, as so often claimed, to allegedly misquoted authors, but induced only in the course of data entry and processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuestiones de Filosofia is the property of Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pédagogues, didacticiens et linguistes s’accordent sur le fait que les apprenants algériens éprouvent de grandes difficultés en matière d’orthographe française, c’est pourquoi nous nous sommes proposés de déceler les sources de ces difficultés. Notre ambition était d’améliorer les compétences orthographiques de ces apprenants et, par ricochet, la qualité de leurs écrits.

Several prey species use refuges to avoid predation. Prey need to abandon and shift between refuges. However, during such shifting, prey can be vulnerable to predators. We hypothesize that predator presence may induce prey to make mistakes in choosing their refuge. We tested this by inducing the hermit crab Calcinus californiensis Bouvier, 1898 to shift to a new empty gastropod shell (three different species: Columbella Lamarck, 1799, Nerita scabricosta Lamarck, 1822, and Stramonita biserialis (Blainville, 1832)) in the absence and presence of Eriphia squamata Stimpson, 1860, which is an efficient shell-crushing natural crab predator. We expected that when a predator was present, hermit crabs would ( i) inspect fewer shells and (or) ( ii) change to a shell that is either too heavy to allow escape or unfit in size to accommodate the hermit crab. Although the first prediction was met, the second prediction was supported only when S. biserialis shells were used. Thus, in the presence of a predator, hermit crabs prioritize escaping by selecting lighter shells, which would allow the crab to move faster. We conclude that predator presence may induce prey to make mistakes in refuge selection, suggesting that this has severe consequences in future predatory events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Movement & Sport Sciences / Science & Motricité is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In most GIS software, geometric measurements (length, area) computed from the geometry of vector objects are performed in two dimensions, which generates systematic underestimates. Several reasons can explain this critical situation: two of these include deficiencies in the geometric modelling of vector data and absence of correctly implemented methods for computing measurements using altitudes. To reduce the systematic error in geometric measurements caused by the omission of altitudes, methods are proposed to (1) enrich the geometry of geographical features using external altimetric data and (2) compute length and area using altitudes. These propositions are implemented in a model that allows any GIS user to take terrain into account in the computation of length and area and estimate the underestimation involved in two-dimensional measurements. Experiments are finally performed to illustrate the functioning of the model and test the impact of the quality of several altimetric data sources. Results demonstrate that freely available digital elevation models reduce measurement error. Based on comparisons with high-resolution databases, the results also show that omitting the terrain is not sufficient to assess the entire measurement error, which is also affected by other processes, such as digitizing error and cartographic projection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Si de nombreux facteurs de risque d’erreur ont été identifiés en réanimation, très peu d’études se sont intéressées au vécu du risque d’erreur chez les professionnels. Pourtant, l’approche psychologique du risque montre l’importance de la dimension subjective pour comprendre la manière dont le sujet appréhende le risque. Sur les 40 professionnels de réanimation, 75 % des professionnels vivent le risque d’erreur comme omniprésent. L’étude met en évidence l’existence d’un vécu différencié du risque d’erreur en fonction du niveau d’expérience, de l’encadrement et de coopération. Ces dimensions participent à la création d’une culture collective permettant de vivre le risque comme contrôlé. En revanche, pour les professionnels qui intègrent les services de réanimation, le risque est appréhendé de manière individuelle et est source d’anxiété. Cette étude se centre sur l’identification des situations à risque d’erreur, la manière dont les professionnels les vivent et s’en défendent. Cette approche subjective du risque nous permet de dégager des pistes de réflexion sur les enjeux du vécu du risque en termes de prévention et d’accompagnement des professionnels. Intensive care units are considered as services with a high risk of error. More and more studies have measured the incidence and impact of errors in intensive care units, but few of them are centered on the impact of the risk of error for professionals. This study focuses on the perception of the risk of error, how it is experienced, and the way in which professionals cope with it. Forty professionals (20 physicians, 20 nurses) participated in clinical interviews. We transcribed recordings and analysed the data using a phenomenological approach. The risk of error is omnipresent in intensive care units. For nurses with less than one years experience, the risk of error is associated with important manifestations of anxiety. On the contrary, for doctors and nurses who have worked for more than one year in ICU, their experience and the relationship of cooperation built with colleagues gives them a feeling of control over risky situations. Our results show that it is important to take into account the risk of error in order to better target the support and training for the ICU professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Declaring himself to be a sophist (one of those casual philosophers who wander and debate in the margins of true philosophy), the author presents a personal reflection on the Error, the Truth and its borders, considering that they are limited to (co)exist under a constant and sterile confrontation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the practice of photography, mistakes can induce a double semantic consequence : referring to insufficient technical ability, it shows a kind of spontaneity of the photographer; at the same time, it reveals the way he takes part in the surrounding space, in which he is integrated. Bernard Plossu's work will be chosen as an example of a relationship with space which is quite different from that implied by the pictural tradition of landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their work, american conceptual artistes Mel Bochner and Robert Barry use strategies of deception and failure in order to reconcider the relation between photographic representation and the index. This paper argues that it is precisely the way how these artists relate the notion of index to the concept of error that leads to the comprehension of the nature of their works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1970s Belgian artist Jacques Lizène (b. 1946) calls himself "Minor late mid-twentieth-century Master of Liège, Artist of the Mediocre and Unimportant." As this dubious title suggests, the idea of failure is central in his oeuvre. Through performative photo works, in which he often acts himself, Lizène questions the role and the image of "the artist" on the one hand, and the functioning of the photographic medium on the other. Photographic "errors," or strategies that run counter to the formalist aesthetic norms within photography, are used for a medium specific inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]