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Este Trabajo de Fin de Máster es una propuesta de programación didáctica dentro de la asignatura de Geografía e Historia de 2º ESO. En este curso los alumnos abordan los saberes básicos vinculados con la Edad Media y la Edad Moderna. Se procederá a trabajar tanto en el ámbito nacional, como el entorno del continente europeo, así como la relación con otras regiones del mundo. Los contenidos se extienden desde la caída del Imperio Romano de Occidente en el 476 d.C., hasta mediados del siglo XVII. Por otra parte, también se hará hincapié en los contenidos geográficos relacionados con el Mundo Actual. En las Situaciones de Aprendizaje relacionadas con la Geografía, se imparten fundamentos relacionados con la demografía, la sociedad, la economía, la cultura y la ideología de nuestros días. En estas situaciones de aprendizaje se abordan tanto la situación de los países europeos de nuestro entorno, como los del resto del mundo, dado el contexto de globalización que vivimos desde inicios del siglo XXI. A través de esta programación, pretendemos que el alumnado desarrolle habilidades reflexivas y capacidad crítica, y de este modo, sean capaces de comprender e interpretar los diferentes procesos históricos y geográficos, para su puesta en práctica a lo largo de su vida., This Master’s Thesis is a didactic programming proposal within the subject of Geography and History of 2nd ESO. In this course students address the basic knowledge linked to the Middle Ages and the Modern Age. Work will be undertaken at the national level, as will the environment of the European continent, as well as the relationship with other regions of the world. The contents extend from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD to the mid-17th century. In addition, emphasis will also be placed on geographic content related to the Modern World. In Learning Situations related to Geography, foundations related to the demography, society, economy, culture and ideology of our days are taught. These learning situations address both the situation of European countries in our environment, and those of the rest of the world, given the context of globalization that we have lived since the beginning of the 21st century. Through this programming, we aim that students develop reflective skills and critical capacity, and thus, be able to understand and interpret the different historical and geographical processes, for their implementation throughout their lives., Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales, Sociales y de la Matemática, Máster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idiomas

Research on the nature and role of territoriality in local industrial systems has intensified since the late 1960s when the Marshallian notion of industrial district (ID) was recovered, which introduced it as a double reality, geographical and cultural, with a role as decisive as it is difficult to define. Within this framework, the paper proposes, on the one hand, to analyze the evolution of territoriality as a dimension inherent to IDs. It develops its conceptual metamorphosis from the difficulties that emerged in its articulation with the capitalist relations of production. On the other hand, we seek to contribute to a rework of this issue based on IDs in peripheral spaces. We try to show how, in the specificity of the periphery, the ID had to open itself to the influence of extra-local relations and it exposed the need for a redefinition of territoriality as a social relation producer of multiple scales, articulated with the a-spatial deployment of capitalist relations of production. The notion of id is reworked in this context as a specific and qualitatively different socioeconomic formation, related to the accumulation process and its scalar articulation., A pesquisa sobre a natureza e o papel da territorialidade nos sistemas industriais locais tem se intensificado desde o final da década de 1960, quando a noção marshalliana de distrito industrial (DI) foi revivida, o que a introduziu como uma realidade dupla, geográfica e cultural, com um papel tão decisivo quanto difícil de definir. Dentro dessa estrutura, no artigo se propõe, por um lado, analisar a evolução da territorialidade como uma dimensão inerente aos DIs. Sua metamorfose conceitual é desenvolvida com base nas dificuldades que surgiram em sua articulação com as relações de produção capitalistas. Por outro lado, no artigo procura-se contribuir para uma reelaboração dessa questão com base nas identidades em espaços periféricos. Procura-se mostrar como, na especificidade da periferia, o DI teve que se abrir à influência de relações extralocais, e expôs a necessidade de uma redefinição da territorialidade como uma relação social que produz múltiplas escalas, articuladas com a implantação a-espacial das relações de produção capitalistas. A noção de DI é reelaborada nesse contexto como uma formação socioeconômica específica e qualitativamente diferente, relacionada ao processo de acumulação e sua articulação escalar., Las investigaciones sobre la naturaleza y el rol de la territorialidad en los sistemas industriales locales se intensificaron desde fines de la década de los sesenta cuando fue recuperada la noción marshalliana de distrito industrial (DI), que la introdujo como una doble realidad, geográfica y cultural, con un papel tan decisivo como difícil de definir. En este marco el trabajo se propone, por un lado, analizar la evolución de la territorialidad como dimensión inherente a los DI. Se desarrolla su metamorfosis conceptual a partir de las dificultades que emergieron en su articulación con las relaciones capitalistas de producción. Por otro lado, se busca contribuir a una reelaboración de esta cuestión a partir de los DI en espacios periféricos. Se intenta mostrar cómo, en la especificidad de la periferia, el DI debió abrirse a la influencia de relaciones extra locales, y expuso la necesidad de una redefinición de la territorialidad en calidad de relación social productora de múltiples escalas, articuladas con el despliegue a-espacial de las relaciones capitalistas de producción. La noción de DI es reelaborada en dicho contexto como una formación socioeconómica específica y cualitativamente diferente, relativa al proceso de acumulación y su articulación escalar.

The concept of agro-urban open space (AUOS) is presented as a multifunctional component within the context of how agricultural land uses contribute to the creation of open spaces. This contribution is represented through specific multifunctionality mapping, underlining the importance of spatial representation at a local, and even a plot, scale when dealing with agricultural multifunctionality. To this end we have undertaken a review of agricultural multifunctionality and open-space concepts to locate existing deficiencies as far as the required spatial dimension in planning is concerned. Issues such as permeability, access and other elements enhancing open spaces have been assessed to obtain partial maps and a final map showing the general values for AUOS at a plot level. The proposed method has been tested in a Mediterranean delta, the Vega del Guadalfeo, on the coast of the province of Granada in Spain. We found sugarcane and subtropical farming to be the main contributors to AUOS. The AUOS map presented here constitutes a visual tool for the location of multifunctional spaces, which may be taken advantage of by local planners given that they are working at the same scales., Consejería de Innovación y Ciencia, Junta de Andalucía, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

Every day, a significant part of the population in large cities suffers transport congestion. One effect of this is a change in the spatial distribution of accessibility, which may lead to people or businesses finding themselves temporally in areas where accessibility values are lower than either desired or required. This paper studies changes in automobile accessibility over the course of the day, as caused by congestion of the road network in eight metropolitan areas of the European Union: London, Paris, Madrid, Berlin, Barcelona, Rome, Hamburg and Milan. The study was carried out using millions of data points on real speeds on segments of the road networks gathered over the course of two years from TomTom® devices, which provided for the incorporation of a dynamic perspective of accessibility. In each of the areas studied, the different impacts of congestion on automobile accessibility can be observed from differences in the distribution of opportunities and the provision of infrastructures, as well as from differences in culture and customs. Despite these differences, all cities experience two peaks with a lower value during the morning and afternoon. However, results show differences in the intensity and form of the effects of congestion on accessibility in these metropolitan areas. London, Paris and Rome are the cities where congestion has the greatest impact on automobile accessibility, while the Spanish cities are hardly affected by it., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Comisión Europea, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

El crecimiento de la economía española en los últimos 50 años es indiscutible, asociado a un modelo territorial de concentración, que propició la convergencia del Estado y de las comunidades autónomas con países y regiones de la Unión Europea, pero no una cohesión socioterritorial. Polarización y despoblación son su paradigma, una dualidad insostenible con efectos sobre la desigualdad, que debe ser abordada por nuevas políticas públicas., Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

Visitor data is essential for decision-making, policy formulation, and monitoring of protected areas. In this context, the data on the temporal distribution of visitors is essential to characterize influx and seasonality, and even to measure the carrying capacity of a site. However, obtaining information from visitors often involves high costs and long production times. Moreover, traditional visitor data has a limited level of detail. New sources of data can provide valuable information regarding the timing of visits. In this study, we tested the use of geotagged data to infer the temporal distribution of visitors to 15 Spanish national parks, and we identified temporal patterns of the visits at three levels: monthly, weekly, and daily. By comparing official monthly visitor counts and geotagged photographs from Flickr, we observed that the number of monthly users who upload photos significantly reflects the number of monthly visitors. Furthermore, the weekly and daily distributions of the Flickr data provided additional information that could contribute to identifying the periods of highest visitor pressure, design measures to manage the concentration of visitors, and improve the overall visitor experience. The results obtained indicate the potential of new data sources for visitor monitoring in protected areas and to open opportunities for future research. Moreover, monitoring tourism in protected areas is crucial to ensure the sustainability of their resources and to protect their biodiversity., Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

Edward Soja es una figura destacada dentro del campo de la geografía política debido al impacto e importancia que sus obras han tenido en la evolución de la disciplina, enfoques y objetos de estudio. Más allá de su capacidad de explorar los cambios producidos en las últimas décadas en los procesos urbanos y la destacada importancia que le concede a la espacialidad social como punto de partida epistemológico desde el que analizarlos, también se presenta como un pionero en la señalización de determinadas temáticas y en la reflexión seminal sobre ciertos conceptos. En este último sentido, este comentario busca analizar su trabajo en el texto The political organization of space (1971) donde abordó de manera novedosa la territorialidad humana. Como se pretende destacar, aquí el objetivo principal de Soja se bifurca en dos planteamientos, por un lado, mostrar la relación continua entre la organización política de los seres humanos y la espacialidad; y por otro, comprender el carácter histórico y contingente de una forma concreta de organización política del espacio atravesada por la territorialidad que habría conseguido presentarse como natural pero que estaba lejos de ser la única posible desde un punto de vista geográfico y temporal., Depto. de Historia, Teorías y Geografías Políticas, Fac. de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, FALSE, pub

Partiendo de la idea de que un paisaje necesita de un observador, y que en función de su bagaje cultural y su experiencia personal va a tener distintas percepciones y valoraciones del mismo, nuestro objetivo es valorar los paisajes en función de las preferencias basadas en el componente estético. La metodología del test de pares de fotos se ha aplicado al caso de la provincia Ciudad La Habana, en Cuba. Entre los principales resultados encontramos que los paisajes mejor valorados son las unidades histórico/culturales, las ornamentales y las marinas. Estas preferencias coinciden con las encontradas en la literatura, en la que elementos de vegetación, agua, relieve y presencia humana integrada son los elementos presentes en los paisajes de mayor valor., [fr] Partant de l’idée que le paysage précise d’un observateur, et que, en fonction de son contexte culturel et de son expérience personnelle, l’observateur peut avoir des perceptions et des évaluations différentes, ce travail a pour objectif d’évaluer les paysages en fonction de préférences fondées sur la composante esthétique. Nous avons utilisé la méthodologie des paires de test de photos pour le cas de la province de La Havane, Cuba. Parmi les principaux résultats, nous avons découvert que les paysages les mieux évalués sont les unités historiques et culturelles, les jardins ornementaux et les zones maritimes. Ces préférences sont conformes à celles rencontrées dans la littérature, où les éléments de végétation, eau, relief et la présence humaine sont présents dans les paysages les plus appréciés., Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

The Level of Service (LOS) is a measure to evaluate the degree of accommodation of different transport modes in a given infrastructure (road, railway, street, etc.). While the last decades have seen a growing interest regarding the use of level of service for managing and planning private and public transport infrastructures, shortcomings appear when it is used in the context of pedestrian mobility (i.e. the complexity of pedestrian mobility in terms of behaviour and the consideration of urban design factors associated with pedestrianisation). This paper aims to gain insight into the abovementioned issues by developing an alternative walking index, the Quality of Pedestrian Level of Service (Q-PLOS) method. This novel method is based on the quality of urban design for pedestrian and its relationship with walking needs. The city of Granada (Spain) provided the empirical focus. The paper found that the Q-PLOS was a more accurate measurement of pedestrian mobility characteristics. This was based on the relevance of specific factors linked to urban design together with public preferences about them. Finally, the obtained high-detailed outputs provide a platform to increment the effectiveness of level of service specifically for pedestrians that want to access to a public transport stop., Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

This article explores the potential of geotagged data from social networks to analyse visitors’ behaviour in national parks, taking the Teide National Park as a study area. Given its unique landscape and characteristics, plus the fact that it is the most visited national park in Spain, Teide National Park presents itself as a suitable candidate to explore new sources of data for studying visitors’ behaviour in national parks. Through data from a social photo-sharing website (Flickr) and GPS tracks from a web platform (Wikiloc), we outline several visitors’ characteristics such as the spatial distribution of visitors, the points of interest with the most visits, itinerary network, temporal distribution and visitors’ country of origin. Additionally, we propose a practical use of geotagged data for determining optimal locations for new facilities such as information stands. Results show that data from social networks is suitable to analyse visitor behaviour in protected areas., Comunidad de Madrid, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

Quienes requieren de atención sanitaria de emergencia no pueden esperar. Las ambulancias deben llegar al lugar del suceso lo más rápido posible. Las ambulancias suelen estar asignadas a bases, que se distribuyen por toda la ciudad para minimizar el tiempo de llegada al suceso. Sin embargo, la distribución espacial de los sucesos cambia a lo largo del día, debido al ritmo y uso que las personas hacen de la ciudad. Este artículo evalúa, por medio de modelos de localización-asignación, el desempeño espaciotemporal del SAMUR-PC, el Servicio Médico de Emergencias de Madrid (España) en dos escenarios diferenciados, antes de la pandemia de la COVID-19 y durante los primeros meses de la nueva normalidad. Los resultados muestran que el sistema respondió relativamente bien al cambio de los patrones de los sucesos debidos a la pandemia, aunque hubiese sido necesario hacer algunas intervenciones para garantizar el mismo servicio que antes de la crisis epidemiológica., Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Unión Europea, Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Panamá, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

On the particular landscape left by the economic crisis in many European cities, the role of public services has become crucial and it is essential to analyze them when defining efficient policies aimed at adjusting resources to minimize social impact. The central goal of this research is to evaluate existing accessibility to public facilities in relation to the amount of resources deployed and their location, with a special focus on detecting potential social inequalities and spatial imbalances. The study focuses on the analysis of primary education centers in Barcelona, London, Madrid, and Rotterdam. The results reveal significant differences among the four cities. The analyses show better accessibility to public schools for the most vulnerable population, although a substantial imbalance is exposed when considering overall accessibility, which includes private schools. Moreover, the study reveals significant spatial imbalances and the impact of population density. Finally, existing accessibility to public schools is evaluated according to the amount of resources deployed and how optimized those resources are at the location., Comisión Europea, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid Regional Government and the European Regional Development Fund (SOCIALBIGDATA-CM, S2015/HUM-3427), Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

World tourism dynamics are in constant change, as well as they are deeply shaping the trajectories of cities. The “call effect” for having the World Heritage status has boosted tourism in many cities. The large number of visitors and the side effects, such as the overcrowding of central spaces, are arousing the need to develop and protect heritage assets. Hence, the analysis of tourist spatial behaviour is critical for tackling the needs of touristified cities correctly. In this article, individual visitor spatiotemporal trajectories are reconstructed along with the urban network using thousands of geotagged Flickr photos taken by visitors in the historic centre of the World Heritage City of Toledo (Spain). A process of trajectory reconstruction using advanced GIS techniques has been implemented. The spatial behaviour has been used to classify the tourist sites offered on the city’s official tourist map, as well as to identify the association with the land uses. Results bring new knowledge to understand visitor spatial behaviour and new visions about the influence of the urban environment and its uses on the visitor spatial behaviour. Our findings illustrate how tourist attractions and the location of mixed commercial and recreational uses shape the visitor spatial behaviour. Overflowed streets and shadow areas underexplored by visitors are pinpointed., Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Generalitat de Catalunya, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

El cambio climático es un problema ambiental global de múltiples dimensiones e incertidumbres, por lo que se presenta como uno de los grandes retos de la sociedad actual. Es necesaria la participación de todos los ámbitos del conocimiento tanto científico como local para llegar a soluciones eficaces y coherentes con cada realidad. Este artículo analiza las percepciones socioculturales de tres comunidades campesinas en la Reserva de la Biosfera La Encrucijada, en la Costa de Chiapas- México, acerca de su percepción de los cambios en el clima producidos en la región en las últimas décadas, y cómo estos cambios están afectando a sus modos de vida. Se han realizado entrevistas semiestructuradas a los adultos mayores de las comunidades de estudio para obtener información respecto a la percepción sobre el cambio climático. La percepción generalizada es que el clima ha cambiado: hace más calor y ha cambiado el patrón de lluvias, retrasándose el inicio de la temporada, lo que afecta a las prácticas tradicionales de cultivo. A su vez, estos cambios percibidos se comparan con las variables climáticas históricas para la región. Las políticas públicas están desarticuladas y definidas por sectores (conservación, producción) lo que hace necesario un enfoque integrador de las mismas junto con el conocimiento tradicional campesino en la definición de estrategias de adaptación al cambio climático., Climate change is a multidimensional and uncertain global environmental problem that presents itself as one of the great challenges our present society needs to face. In order to reach effective answers coherent with various sociocultural realities, scientific knowledge must integrate said realities. This project analyzes the sociocultural perceptions of three rural communities within Reserva de la Biosfera La Encrucijada, in Costa de Chiapas, Mexico, on climate change in the past few decades and how such change may have affected their livelihoods. We conducted semi-structured surveys about climate change perception on elderly individuals in these communities. Generally, there is an agreement on climate having changed: higher average temperatures and different rainfall patterns, which have led to delayed seasonal changes that have affected traditio-nal farming practices. In turn, the observed changes were compared to regional historical climate variables. Public policies are disjointed and defined by sectors (conservation, production), which necessitates an integrative approach, together with traditional peasant knowledge for adaptation strategies to climate change., Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

Desde el marco de la ecología política se analizan conflictos socioambientales producidos por el desarrollo del mercado turístico de avistamiento y nado con el tiburón ballena en la Bahía de La Paz. Se trata de entender un proceso de despojo legitimado dentro de un marco legal que beneficia a ciertos actores y vulnera a otros, así como analizar los mecanismos de resistencia oculta de pescadores ribereños frente a este proceso. La existencia de un plan de manejo vigente ha sido un detonante que legitima el despojo por la restricción de acceso a un espacio de uso común, afectando la pesca ribereña y al esparcimiento de habitantes locales; y lejos de ayudar a mejorar las condiciones ecológicas y de conservación del tiburón, este ha sido un instrumento que beneficia al sector turístico al construir un espacio exclusivo para su efectiva operación, a costa de impactos negativos directos hacia esta especie., From a political ecology perspective, we analyze socio-environmental conflicts produced by the development of the tourist market of whale shark watching and swimming in the bay of La Paz. The aim is to understand a process of dispossession legitimized within a legal framework that benefits certain actors at the expense ofothers; and how a hidden resistance of coastal fishermen is produced as an immediate reaction to this process. The existence of an in-force management plan has been a trigger that legitimizes dispossession by restricting access to a common use space, affecting coastal fishing and the recreation of local inhabitants; and far from helping to improve the ecological and conservation conditions of sharks, this has been an instrument that benefits the tourism sector by building an exclusive space for its effective operation, withdirect negative impacts on this species., Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)-México, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

This paper explores smallholder farmers’ perceptions of and adap-tations to water scarcity in an irrigated system in south-eastern Mexico. Data from 85 farmers in four communities were collected through semi-structured interviews. The results show that farmers’ adaptations are stimulated by their perceptions of the causes and dynamics of water scarcity. Findings also reveal that differences in perceptions of, and adaptations to, water scarcity within commu-nities are due to characteristics such as irrigation techniques, water intake location, productive systems and access to groundwater. This study recommends the implementation of policies based on local conditions to cope with water scarcity, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)-México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

In the years prior to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the rapid growth of tourism and the emergence of online tourist accommodation rental platforms gave rise to a considerable increase in the tourist pressure on urban destinations, leading to processes (and problems) such as overtourism, tourism gentrification or touristification. The post-pandemic tourism recovery has placed these processes at the centre of debate once again. This text reflects on the possibilities for measuring the touristification of the urban space. A methodology is proposed that is based on the elaboration of two indicators that are applied on a city block scale in Donostia-San Sebastián: an indicator of the intensity of tourism accommodation and an indicator of the tourism specialisation of the retail and restaurant supply. Then, a spatial cross analysis is made of the values obtained and they are compared with the presence of visitors, enabling us to reflect on the geography of the touristification of the city on a block scale. Touristification is, above all, a process of the intensification of the tourism activity which is distributed unevenly across the urban space and acts on a pre-existing fabric that determines its scope. From an applied perspective, the study generates useful knowledge for making decisions about the series of urban policies that contemplate the sustainable insertion of tourism into the city., Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

Este estudio se desarrolló en el Sur del estado de Quintana Roo de la Península de Yucatán, específicamente en cuatro localidades del municipio de Bacalar: Bacalar, Aarón Merino Fernández, Buenavista y Pedro Antonio Santos. Estas localidades, ubicadas contiguas a un cuerpo de agua llamado Laguna de Bacalar (conocida popularmente como la Laguna de los siete colores), han tenido procesos diferentes de intensificación socioeconómica por su incorporación al turismo en los últimos años, cuyas implicaciones han sido los cambios de usos de suelo a lo largo del litoral de la laguna; y la producción de un imaginario local (en el caso de la localidad de Bacalar) por su incorporación al catálogo del Programa Pueblos Mágicos que promueve la Secretaría de Turismo del gobierno federal. En este contexto, este trabajo tiene el objetivo de analizar las implicaciones socioeconómicas producidas en relación a la tenencia de la tierra, derivado del crecimiento turístico en el litoral de la laguna, y analizar el discurso turístico local producido por la política pública del Programa Pueblos Mágicos. Estos objetivos se cumplieron a partir de la revisión bibliográfica y documental, entrevistas semiestructuradas y el análisis cartográfico, lo que permitió en primer lugar reconstruir el proceso de ocupación de la orilla de la Laguna. Destacar que la Laguna de Bacalar ha sido un elemento clave tanto en la configuración del paisaje como en la dinámica turística de la zona, así como en relación con el desarrollo inmobiliario de viviendas de segundas residencias y el surgimiento de un espacio imaginario comercializado como un producto turístico que se relaciona con la creación forzada de un “Pueblo Mágico”. En este sentido, se ha desarrollado una configuración turística residencial a orilla de la Laguna como resultado de una constante especulación inmobiliaria que inició en los años de 1960. Como resultado de este proceso especulativo, el uso de suelo para el turismo ocupa actualmente el 45% del, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

En este artículo se analizan los impactos en la accesibilidad territorial en Andalucía de las actuaciones en carreteras planificadas por la Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda de la Junta de Andalucía. Para ello, se ha desarrollado una herramienta informática basada en Sistemas de Información Geográfica, y se han calculado una serie de indicadores de accesibilidad y cohesión territorial. Para llevar a cabo el análisis de los efectos del Plan de Infraestructuras para la Sostenibilidad del Transporte en Andalucía, se han contemplado dos escenarios: uno sin las actuaciones previstas y otro con todas las actuaciones planeadas implementadas. También se han estudiado los efectos de dicho plan sobre la accesibilidad a hospitales, universidades y centros logísticos, así como las mejoras inducidas por cuatro importantes actuaciones concretas. Los resultados muestran mejoras significativas, como una reducción media en los tiempos de viaje del 3,6%, y que las actuaciones del plan de infraestructuras potencian la cohesión territorial., Junta de Andalucía, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

City borders perform an essential role in connecting towns and their surroundings. Being more a fuzzy area than a thin line, these urban borders gather together residential, tertiary and infrastructural uses, places awaiting development, agricultural fields, brown-field sites, abandoned areas etc. all named as ‘b-sites’. Within this context, we propose a method to identify places for strategic urban-rural interventions based on the assessment and identification of centralities in the urban-rural transition. Multiple centrality assessment is here presented as an innovative application considering both urban streets and rural road networks as a mixed network with identified central nodes. This innovative method has been tested in the city of Granada (Spain) allowing us to identify high centrality ‘b-sites’ where landscape project design and, urban-rural interventions could contribute to creating urban-rural transition continuity., Universidad de Granada, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

The Olympic Games have a huge impact on the cities where they are held, both during the actual celebration of the event, and before and after it. This study presents a new approach based on spatial analysis, GIS, and data coming from Location-Based Social Networks to model the spatiotemporal dimension of impacts associated with the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. Geolocalized data from Twitter are used to analyze the activity pattern of users from two different viewpoints. The first monitors the activity of Twitter users during the event—The arrival of visitors, where they came from, and the use which residents and tourists made of different areas of the city. The second assesses the spatiotemporal use of the city by Twitter users before the event, compared to the use during and after the event. The results not only reveal which spaces were the most used while the Games were being held but also changes in the urban dynamics after the Games. Both approaches can be used to assess the impacts of mega-events and to improve the management and allocation of urban resources such as transport and public services infrastructure., Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

The analysis of complex networks has been carried out in different fields using an ample variety of method and concepts. Recently, in the general literature of regional economics, the concepts of resilience, connectivity, vulnerability and criticality have been gaining their momentum. The aim of this paper is to provide an analytical framework, using well-known accessibility indicators, in order to calculate the critical links or road sections of the Spanish high-capacity road network. Our analysis will be based on approximately four hundred sections that will be classified in five different groups according to their criticality degree in the whole network. Our analysis will be complemented with the comparison of the results obtained in five different scenarios, namely the average criticality using the effects on the whole country, Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia and Pontevedra. Furthermore, the paper will also analyze what kind of intrinsic characteristics of the sections favor or not the links’ criticality using a method based on a classification and regression tree. This analysis is crucial to understand other important concepts that are recently being studied in network and spatial economics, like, for example, resilience and vulnerability. It is concluded that the number of relations or routes, being a trunk or not, the road density and the time to Madrid capital play an important role in the criticality of the roads section in the high capacity road network., Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

This paper analyzes the changes in spatial–temporal job accessibility by car in the Netherlands during the economic crisis (2009–14). It also assesses which component change is the most determinant in accessibility changes per municipality and part of the day. The paper shows that changes in job distribution reduced accessibility in almost the entire country, except around Amsterdam. Improvements in the road network capacity increased accessibility in the central provinces, particularly during peak hours. In summary, the values of job accessibility by car in the Netherlands became more transport dependent, except in the Amsterdam region., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub