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Background: The production of biofuels has caused an increase in the prices of agricultural commodities. Thus, the ecological footprint, social inclusion and profitability of production systems have encouraged the use of agro-industrial products as an alternative in ruminant feeds. Objective: To evaluate carcass yields, non-carcass components, and the economic viability of including licuri oil in diet of Santa Ines ewes. Methods: A total of 32 Santa Ines ewes (multiparous, non-lactating, 2-4 years old, and 36.7±0.87 kg of body weight--BW) were allotted to a randomized block design with four treatments (diets containing 0, 2, 4 or 5% licuri oil) with eight replicates per treatment, and confined for 77 days. Results: The incremental inclusion of licuri oil promoted a quadratic response on slaughter BW, carcass and true yields, chest widths, heart fat, pancreas, omental fat, and ribeye area (p<0.05). Carcass, heart and loin weight, shank yield, fat thickness and loin fat were reduced (p<0.05); while cooling losses, left half-carcass weight, saw blade yield, and proportion of meat in the loin increased (p<0.05) with increasing dietary levels of licuri oil. The control diet resulted in the best gross revenue (USD$609.39); however, there was a loss (USD$50.96) regarding economic performance indicators. Conclusion: The use of up to 2% licuri oil in the diet increased carcass yield of discard ewes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade físico-química e microbiológica de cremes de leite UHT comercializados no estado de Pernambuco, classificados quanto ao teor de gordura como creme e leve. Foram obtidas 40 amostras de creme de leite UHT das marcas A e B e 120 amostras de creme de leite leve UHT das marcas C, D, E, F, G e H, sendo dois lotes/marca e dez amostras/lote, totalizando 20 amostras de 200g por marca, provenientes de supermercados localizados nas Mesorregiões de Pernambuco: Metropolitana do Recife, Mata, Agreste e Sertão. As amostras foram coletadas e analisadas para acidez, gordura e pesquisa de aeróbios mesófilos no Laboratório de Inspeção de Carne e Leite da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. As duas (100%) marcas de creme de leite UHT (A e B) e as seis (100%) marcas de creme de leite leve UHT (C, D, E, F, G e H) atenderam aos padrões físico-químicos estabelecidos pela legislação vigente. Todas as amostras de creme de leite UHT, da marca B, e todas as amostras de creme de leite leve UHT, marca C, apresentaram valores de aeróbios mesófilos acima do padrão de 100 UFC/g, o que as caracterizam como impróprias à alimentação humana. Falhas nos programas de autocontrole de estabelecimentos de leite podem estar relacionadas ao excesso de microrganismos em amostras de creme de leite UHT e de creme de leite leve UHT, comercializadas no estado de Pernambuco.

Copyright of Religación: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades is the property of Religacion: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article seeks to investigate the place of the body nowadays, since it is never fully apprehended by cultural devices that allow its complete submission to social expectations. In this sense, it is legitimate to affirm that there is some epistemic difficulty, regarding the disputes of narratives around the fat body. Culturally legitimized, we observe a dominant discourse that suggests the responsibility of the subject for body condition. Similarly, the criminalization of fat increases when we overwrite it the issue of gender, as some vignettes will illustrate; the result of interviews previously conducted by the author, in the research she develops on the female body, image, psychic suffering and social regulation. The “ugliness” or the “strange” can often be taken as a message, whose strength lies precisely in its surprising presentation. In this sense, body practices can be understood in a scenario of in differentiation, in the instantiation of everyday life, of subjection to the discourse of the other, but also, as a contestation, as a problematization of the body’s status in contemporaneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to evaluate the influence of somatic cell count (SCC) and bacterial count on the association between milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and protein:fat ratio of refrigerated raw milk. Data on the tenors of protein, fat, lactose, total solids, unfat solids, SCC, MUN and bacterial count were collected in a dairy industry and subjected to polynomial regressions. It was observed that the average tenors of fat (3.51%), protein (3.28%), lactose (4.77%), total solids (12.24%), unfat solids (8.76%), MUN (11.54 mg/dL) and SCC (487.820 CFU/mL) were in compliance and the average bacterial count (340.560 cells/mL) was not in accordance with Brazilian legislation and literature parameters. The higher the protein:fat ratio, the higher the MUN tenors (p<0.05). With the increase in SCC, the fat and total solids tenors decrease (p<0.05) and the unfat solids, protein and lactose tenors decrease (p <0.05). It was observed that SCC increases the MUN tenors and protein:fat ratio (p<0.05), while the bacterial count decreases the MUN tenors and protein:fat ratio. The strength of the association of SCC and bacterial count with the MUN tenor and protein:fat ratio was high (r = 0.714), showing that SCC and bacterial count correct the assigned association. It is concluded that these two parameters should be used in the conversion of the protein:fat ratio to MUN to verify the diet of the herds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En los últimos años en las Ciencias Sociales han proliferado investigaciones feministas cuya creatividad ha puesto de manifiesto que, frente a la necesidad de aproximarse a las múltiples realidades femeninas, resulta imperioso echar mano también de variados abordajes metodológicos. La autoetnografía es uno de estos métodos que ha venido ganando personas investigadoras adeptas, debido a que su potencia narrativa favorece conectar con mayor nitidez los aspectos teóricos-analíticos con la comprensión más inmediata del ejercicio político de aquello que se investiga. Lo central en este escrito es la contemplación del esbozo experimental de un proceso de identificaciones gordas, que permite vislumbrar cómo se van configurando estructuras socioculturales corporales opresivas, que al ser observadas con cercanía, posibilitan no sólo su reconocimiento explícito, sino además, virajes de resignificación. Devenir gorda es un proceso dialéctico entre saberes poéticos, teóricos y políticos, urdidos desde nuestro deseo humano de afectación, la socialización del género y la fascinación por mostrar el ancho bagaje de conocimientos contenidos en los cuerpos de las mujeres gordas.

A ingestão de leite combinada com a sua concentração de proteína é responsável por mais de 80% da variação total no ganho de peso dos leitões durante a lactação. Neste sentido este estudo teve o propósito de determinar a variação da composição físico-química do colostro e do leite de porcas durante a lactação sob condições tropicais. O estudo foi conduzido em uma granja comercial, em que se utilizou 55 matrizes multíparas para coleta de colostro, nas primeiras 24 horas após o parto e leite aos 7, 14 e 21 dias pós-parto. As amostras foram avaliadas quanto ao pH, densidade e aos níveis de matéria seca, lactose, proteína e gordura. O colostro apresentou pH mais ácido, maior densidade e maiores níveis de matéria seca, proteína e lactose em relação ao leite (P

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RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las valoraciones, significados y acciones típicas que se atribuyen a las diversas siluetas o volúmenes corporales en los medios de comunicación en Santiago de Chile. Desde la sociología anglosajona se ha documentado la discriminación que sufren las personas gordas, asumiéndose que las siluetas delgadas son la contraparte ideal. La identificación de esta forma de violencia no ha ido acompañada de modelos explicativos. El estudio que se presenta fue de carácter cualitativo. Sobre un cuerpo de 336 imágenes recolectadas, con una escasa variabilidad en tanto que el 85% presenta siluetas ideales, se analizó un análisis difractario sobre 13 imágenes de revistas y publicidades. En los resultados se describen cuatro tipos de siluetas con sus respectivos significados, valoraciones y acciones. Se concluye que en las imágenes se prescriben ideales sociales que involucran ciertos tipos de corporalidades, así como también ciertas estéticas con la que estas acciones deben llevarse a cabo.

In recent years, in social sciences there has been numerous feminist research whose creativity has shown that, given the need to get close to the many feminine realities, it is imperative to draw from a variety of methodological approaches. Autoethnography is one of those methods, which has gained adepts among the scientific community as its narrative strength favors a connection between theoretical and analytical aspects, with a more immediate comprehension of the political exercise of that which is researched. The central idea in this writing is the contemplation of the experimental sketch of a process of fat identifications, this allows us to catch a glimpse at how oppressive corporal sociocultural structures are being configured, which observed closely, make it possible not only to explicitly acknowledge them, but also to find resignification paths. Becoming fat is a dialectic process that lingers between poetic, theoretical, and political knowledge rising from our human desire affectations, the socialization of gender, and a fascination for showing the wide range of knowledge contained in the bodies of fat women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of centesimal composition regarding coalho. From the perspective that selenium content in foods can vary due to environmental factors and cheese may be a source of such nutrient, it is believed that is relevant to characterize the possible selenium contents in coalho cheese. The samples of cheese were collected of the and selenium was quantified by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method and lipids by Soxhlet extraction. The centesimal composition presented variations for humidity (50.5-61.9% w w-1), ashes (2.37-4.16% w w-1), proteins (14.3-19.7% w w-1), lipids (15.6-26.6% w w-1) and for carbohydrates (0.10-6.50% w w-1). The selenium contents were heterogeneous among the samples (4.21-38.78 µg kg-1). In Principal Component Analysis, it was observed that samples are divided by selenium concentrations and is justified by groups that present producer cities with different characteristics in terms of soil, average rainfall and distance from the coast. It was concluded that the samples are low-fat cheeses and sources of protein, and only the cheese from Limoeiro do Norte is a source of selenium. The samples presented distinct variations in both physicalchemical and selenium concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência de diferentes teores energéticos na ração sobre o desempenho e características de carcaças de cordeiros confinados. Avaliaram-se quatro teores energéticos: 2,00; 2,28; 2,54 e 2,80 Mcal de EM kg-1 MS, sendo o último teor o recomendado pelo NRC (2007) para ganhos diários de 300 g. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros inteiros com 240,0 ± 9,6 dias de idade e 26,6 ± 3,8 kg de peso corporal, seis por tratamento, mestiços Ile de France, alimentados com rações isoprotéicas (158 g kg-1, PB). O confinamento durou 57 dias. O peso corporal final e de carcaça fria, bem como o rendimento de carcaça fria, apresentaram comportamento linear positivo de acordo com os teores de energia. Já o consumo de alimentos, o ganho médio diário de peso e a conversão alimentar, foram influenciados de forma quadrática pelos teores de energia, onde as melhores médias foram observadas para rações contendo entre 2,54 e 2,80 Mcal. Em termos percentuais, os principais cortes da carcaça (pernil e paleta) não foram influenciados pelos teores energéticos das rações. Na composição tecidual da paleta, observou-se que o teor de ossos diminuiu linearmente, o de gordura aumentou de forma quadrática e o de músculo não foi afetado pelos teores de energia da ração. Conclui-se que dietas com maiores densidades energéticas proporcionam a produção de carcaças mais pesadas e com maiores rendimentos e para melhores ganhos de peso as rações devem conter entre 2,54 e 2,80 Mcal de EM kg-1 MS.

Introdução e Objetivo: Dentre os alimentos que compõem a alimentação, a carne é um componente importante. Apesar de serem ricas em nutrientes, deve-se evitar o consumo de carnes com gorduras visíveis. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a associação do consumo de gordura visível na carne em adultos com variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, com 357 adultos, na faixa etária de 20 a 35 anos. A variável dependente foi consumo excessivo de gordura aparente na carne e as variáveis exploratórias o sexo, idade, cor da pele, estado civil, renda mensal, nível de atividade física, tempo de tela, consumo de frutas, verduras ou legumes e de refrigerantes e o estado nutricional. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e a associação entre as variáveis foi realizada através da regressão de Poisson. Resultados/Discussão: O consumo de gordura visível na carne foi relatado por 40,48% dos avaliados, estando o sexo feminino negativamente associado (RP 0,55 IC95% 0,41 – 0,75) enquanto o hábito de tomar refrigerantes 3 ou mais dias por semana esteve positivamente (RP 1,66 IC95% 1,22 – 2,26) ao consumo de gordura visível na carne. Após ajustes, o sexo feminino manteve-se negativamente associado (RP 0,58 IC95% 0,42 – 0,78) e o consumo de refrigerantes esteve positivamente associado (RP 1,60 IC95% 1,17 – 2,18) ao consumo de gordura visível na carne. Conclusão: O consumo de excesso de gordura visível na carne foi elevado, mantendo-se associado ao sexo e ao consumo de refrigerantes. Ações educativas devem ser implementadas para orientação quanto ao consumo excessivo de gorduras. ABSTRACT Consumption of meat with apparent fat in adults of Cataguases-MG Introduction and Objective: Among the foods that make up the diet, meat is an important component. Although they are rich in nutrients, you should avoid eating meat with visible fats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of visible fat intake in the meat in adults with sociodemographic and behavioral variables. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 357 adults aged 20-35 years. The dependent variable was excessive consumption of apparent fat in the meat and the exploratory variables were sex, age, skin color, marital status, monthly income, level of physical activity, screen time, consumption of fruits, vegetables or soft drinks and nutritional status. Descriptive statistics were used and the association between the variables was performed through the Poisson regression. Results and Discussion: The consumption of visible fat in the meat was reported by 40.48% of the evaluated ones, being the female sex negatively associated (RP 0.55 95% CI 0.41 - 0.75) while the habit of taking 3 or more days per week was positively (RP 1.66 CI 95% 1.22 - 2.26) to the consumption of visible fat in meat. After adjustments, the female sex was negatively associated (RP 0.58 95% CI 0.42 - 0.78) and the consumption of soft drinks was positively associated (RP 1.60 CI 95% 1.17 - 2.18). consumption of visible fat in the meat. Conclusion: The consumption of excess fat visible in the meat was high, remaining associated with sex and the consumption of soft drinks. Educational actions should be implemented for guidance on excessive consumption of fats.

The performance and characteristics of 18 carcasses of feedlot-finished Zebu cattle were evaluated over 93 days in confinement or semi-confinement systems. In the semi-confinement system, two strategies of pasture deferral were adopted, 40 days (40DD) and 80 days (80DD). The feed of animals in confinement was composed of 24% of grass silage Urochloa spp. and 76% concentrate, on dry matter, freely supplied twice daily. Grazing animals received 4 kg of animal concentrate per day. The final fasting weight of the animals in confinement (534.92 kg) was higher than that of animals semi-confined in 40DD (475.33 kg) and 80DD (460.67 kg) pastures, because of the higher daily weight gain (1.37 vs. 0.82 and 0.64 kg, respectively). Feedlot-finished animals had a greater carcass gain (0.91 kg animal-1 day-1), resulting in a higher carcass weight (296.47 kg), higher thickness of external fat (5.42 mm), weight and percentage of side cut (17.88 kg and 12.20%), and weight and percentage of fat in the carcass (74.50 kg and 25.22%). However, no difference was observed for the metric and developmental characteristics of the carcass, which allowed good quality carcasses to be obtained, independent of the strategies evaluated. Feedlot-finished Zebu cattle provide heavier and bulky carcasses, leading to higher revenue per marketed carcass.

Diabetes mellitus and hepatic steatosis are diseases of great epidemiological impact and have been associated with increased consumption of sugary foods and drinks. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of food supplementation with cereal bars sweetened with Stevia rebaudiana leaves pretreated with ethanol (SLPE) on the metabolic control of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Two cereal bar formulations were developed: one sweetened with SLPE, and the other sweetened with sucrose. The cereal bars were added to the standard ration for rodents (125g:1000g) and offered ad libitum to diabetic animals for 30 days. Important physiological parameters were recorded during and at the end of this period for metabolic control (body weight, food intake, glycemia, fructosamine, triglycerides, cholesterol, AST, ALT, liver fat and glucose tolerance). The diet supplemented with cereal bars sweetened with SLPE significantly reduced the amount of liver fat in diabetic rats, suggesting the potential of cereal bars sweetened with SLPE to act as a functional food for diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluates some physical chemical aspects of chilled raw milk that meet Brazilian quality standards in smallholder farms from southern Region of Brazil. The fat content, crude protein (CP), total solids (TS), somatic cell count (SCC), and total plate count (TPC) of the chilled raw milk from 78 smallholder farms was analyzed between Oct 2014 and Feb 2017. It was found that 96% of the samples met the Brazilian regulations for fat content, 87% for CP, and 91% for TS. The mean values of TPC and SCC were higher than the maximum limits established by Brazilian regulations. Smallholder farms from Southern Region of Brazil produce milk with an adequate standard for the main chemical indicators. However, there is an important gap in compliance with hygienic-sanitary practices, leading to high levels of chilled raw milk that does not meet the limits of Brazilian regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Measurement and evaluation of the factors that may influence milk composition has been shown to determine the actual gains in milk quality and quantity. The study was conducted to evaluate the influence of daily milk yield on the physicochemical composition of milk and analyze the correlations between milk yield and somatic cell count (SCC) on the fat, protein, lactose, total solids and nitrogen urea contents in Holstein cows’ milk. A total of 3,544 data collected from 467 cows were evaluated. In the analysis, the animals were divided into groups – I (5-15 kg milk day-1), II (15-30 kg milk day-1) and III (above 30 kg milk day -1) – based on their daily production. Animals of Group I had higher SCC (P < 0.05) and fat and protein percentage when compared with Group III. However, the lactose content was lower (P < 0.05) than Group II and III. No correlation (P > 0.05) between SCC and fat, protein and total solids contents was observed. A lower milk yield is significantly associated with a higher SCC, which, besides hindering the quality of milk, compromises the cow's udder health.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance and physical quality of eggs from semi-heavy laying hens reared in hot climate regions and fed diets containing soybean oil or beef tallow. The experiment had a duration of 63 days divided into three cycles of 21 days each. A total of 160 semi-heavy Hisex Brown laying hens at 50 weeks of age and with an initial weight of 1.755 ± 0.172 kg were used. The birds were reared in a floor system and housed in boxes. A completely randomized design consisting of two treatments and five replicates was used, with 16 birds per experimental unit (box). Two experimental diets based on corn and soybean meal were formulated and soybean oil or beef tallow was added, corresponding to treatments 1 and 2, respectively. The following parameters were evaluated: egg production (%), feed intake (g/bird/day), egg mass (g/bird/day), feed conversion per egg mass (kg/kg), feed conversion per dozen eggs (kg/dozen), egg weight, percentage of yolk, egg white and shell (%), specific gravity (g/cm3), animal viability (%), and body weight variation (g). No differences (P>0.05) were observed in any of the parameters studied. The dietary inclusion of soybean oil or beef tallow does not influence the productive performance or egg quality of semi-heavy laying hens reared in hot climate regions.

The aim of this study/reviewer was to evaluate the profile of fatty acids and protein fractions on the goat milk. The goat milk has as main characteristic the short and medium fatty acid chain (C4-C10) that is, at least as twice as much of that observed in cow milk. The protein fraction on the goat milk is composed in average by caseins (71%), whey proteins, 22% (soluble proteins) and non-proteic nitrogen (7%). When compared to cow’s milk, the goat’s milk has less casein, more serum proteins and non-proteic nitrogen. Compared with cow milk, goat milk contains less casein, more serum proteins and non-protein nitrogen. The identification of goat Milk components and the characterization of their properties may serve for developing and implementing programs to improve the quality of milk and da iry products.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of lactation stage and the time interval between milking on ingredients and the production of milk goats in the semiarid region of Paraíba. We used 28 animals of Anglo Nubian breed distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement of type 3 x 2, three stages of lactation and two milking shifts. Analysis of variance revealed no effect (P>0.05) were lactating for fat, protein and total solids. However, there was significant difference (P<0.05) for lactose and milk production within the phases of lactation and the interval between milking. For acidity and density was no effect (P<0.05), lactation stage and the milking turn. There was a negative correlation between the shift milking for milk, acidity, lactose, density, protein and fat. With respect to stage of lactation negative correlation was observed for milk and lactose positive correlation for acidity and protein. The goat milk composition is influenced by the stage of lactation and the interval between milking. Equal time interval between milking favors the production of milk with a more uniform composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constant monitoring of milk quality by the processing industries demands the use of methodologies that add agility and low-cost analysis, such as the use of electronic equipment based on infrared or ultrasonic spectroscopy. In the present study, quality of raw milk received by dairy farms from western region of Santa Catarina state, Brazil, was evaluated throughout two methodologies of analysis of chemical composition and compared, being that both equipment used standard procedures for calibration, considering as reference data from the classic analytical methods recommended in Brazilian legislation. Milk samples from 45 producers were analyzed for SCC, TBC and physicochemical analysis, performed at dairy's laboratory and at the official laboratory. Infrared and ultrasound methodologies for chemical composition of fat, protein and lactose were compared and correlated. The comparison of the methods showed that there was no significant difference for the mean values of fat (P=0.06); however, they presented significant difference for protein (P=0.001), higher for IR (3.23 vs. 3.33), and lactose (P<0.0001), higher for US (4.47 vs. 4.83). Correlation was positive and significant for fat (r=0.73, P<0.0001), protein (r=0.47, P=0.001) and lactose (r=0.51, P=0.0003). Considering the minimal composition required, TBC and SCC levels, 95.5%, 84.1% and 64.4% of the milk producers met the current Brazilian legislation, respectively. It was concluded that the methodologies have affected results, which may have been influenced by the correction factor used for equipment calibration, specifically for analyzed samples during the study period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Profile: Issues in Teachers' Professional Development is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of including cashew bagasse bran (CBB) as a food ingredient in qualitative feed restriction programs on the carcass traits and meat quality of barrows and gilts. Twenty–four crossbred pigs (12 barrows and 12 gilts) were used, with an average initial body weight of 57.93 ± 3.67 kg/LW. The experimental design was a randomized block 3x2 factorial arrangement with three levels (0%, 15% and 30% CBB), two sexes (barrows and gilts) and four repetitions. The treatments were composed of the basal diet (BD) formulated with corn, soybean meal and a commercial base mix for finishing pigs, to which different levels of CBB were added. At the end of the trial period, the animals were slaughtered for the evaluation of the meat quality and carcass traits. The inclusion of CBB in the diets did not affect the carcass traits of the gilts but affected the carcass traits of the barrow positively, increasing theyield of meat in the chilled carcass and reducing the thickness of subcutaneous fat. In the longissimus dorsi muscle and in the adipose tissue of the pigs, the myristic (C14:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), linolenic (C18:3) and arachidonic (C20:4) fatty acids were evaluated, and no effect was observed (P > 0.05) from the levels of CBB in the diets. In the comparisons between the sexes, a greater concentration of C20:4 fatty acid was observed in the carcass of the gilts. In this context, CBB was considered for use as a feed ingredient in programs of qualitative feed restriction for finishing pigs.

In this study, we evaluated the tissue composition, the ratios between different issues, and the allometric growth of tissues from the commercial cuts neck, shoulder, rib, and leg, and of the carcass of Texel lambs. Thirty uncastrated male lambs born from single calvings were used in this experiment. Lambs were weaned, confined individually, and distributed into five treatments with six replications. Each treatment consisted of a predefined slaughter weight (T23 – initial slaughter, T25, T30, T35, and T40). The proportion of bone decreased linearly in the shoulder, rib, and legs, but remained constant in the neck. The proportion of muscle decreased in the rib, whereas in the other cuts it remained constant. The percentage of fat increased as the slaughter weight of the lambs was increased, for all cuts. In all cuts and in the carcass, bone and muscle showed early growth (b < 1), whereas fat displayed late growth (b > 1). The proportion of bone decreased and fat increased linearly in the carcass, and the proportion of muscle was not influenced by the slaughter weight of the lambs. The muscle/fat ratio decreased in all cuts, and consequently in the half-carcass, as the slaughter weight was increased. The muscle/ bone ratio increased in the shoulder, rib, leg, and half-carcass, but there was no significant effect on the neck. The bone and muscle tissues showed early growth, whereas the fat had late growth in the different commercial cuts and carcass of Texel lambs. The tissue growth pattern of the shoulder may be representative of the allometric growth of the different carcass tissues. An increase in the slaughter weight of Texel lambs leads to a reduction of the muscle/fat ratio, due to the higher deposition of fat in the carcass of these animals.

A partir da década de 80 o corpo passou a ser tema da moda, objeto de preocupação dos estudiosos e fonte de angústia para as mulheres. Em uma sociedade onde o corpo, além de objeto de consumo, passa a ser lócus privilegiado da construção identitária feminina, a relação com o próprio corpo acaba por tornar-se desprazerosa e persecutória. Tomando a gordura como um paradigma da feiúra, o caso clínico apresentado busca explicitar como as atitudes em relação à gordura agenciam subjetividades e produzem vínculos sociais até então não evidenciados, tais como a profunda exclusão social vivida pelos indivíduos obesos. Tal alijamento social provoca um profundo sofrimento psíquico freqüentemente observado na clínica com obesos.Tomando como referência a teoria psicanalítica bem como sua leitura da dinâmica familiar buscamos entender a obesidade também como um sintoma que além de buscar enunciar o que não pode ser dito aponta claramente algumas disfunções familiares.

Avaliou-se o desempenho e as características da carcaça de 18 bovinos anelorados terminados durante 93 dias em confinamento ou semiconfinamento. No semiconfinamento foram adotadas duas estratégias de diferimento da pastagem, com 40 dias (40DD) e 80 dias (80DD). A ração dos animais confinados foi composta de 24% de silagem de capim Urochloa spp. e 76% de concentrado, na matéria seca, fornecida à vontade duas vezes ao dia, enquanto que os animais em pastejo receberam 4 kg de concentrado animal-1 dia-1. O peso final em jejum dos animais confinados (534,92 kg) foi superior aos semiconfinados em pastagem 40DD (475,33 kg) e 80DD (460,67 kg), devido ao maior ganho de peso diário (1,37 vs. 0,82 e 0,64 kg, respectivamente). Animais terminados em confinamento tiveram maior ganho de carcaça (0,91 kg animal-1 dia-1), determinando maior peso de carcaça quente (296,47 kg), com melhor acabamento de gordura (5,42 mm), peso e porcentagem do costilhar (17,88 kg e 12,20%) e peso e porcentagem de gordura na carcaça (74,50 kg e 25,22%). Contudo, não se observou diferença para as características métricas e de desenvolvimento da carcaça, possibilitando obter carcaças com boa qualidade independente das estratégias avaliadas. A terminação de bovinos anelorados em confinamento proporciona carcaças mais pesadas e com melhor acabamento, permitindo maior receita por carcaça comercializada.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar se o conteúdo de gordura e o valor energético estimado no colostro diferem em função da idade gestacional e do crescimento fetal. Métodos: Estudo transversal com mães de recém-nascidos pré-termo e a termo nascidos em centro terciário em 2015-2016. Critério de inclusão: gestação única, sem diabetes, corioamnionite e mastite, sem uso de drogas ilícitas e álcool, ausência de malformação ou infecção congênita fetal. Foram constituídos quatro grupos conforme idade gestacional e crescimento fetal: pré-termo pequeno para a idade gestacional (n=33); pré-termo adequado (n=60); a termo pequeno (n=59) e a termo adequado para a idade gestacional (controle, n=73). O colostro foi coletado por extração manual entre 24 e 72 h pós-parto. Foram analisadas variáveis gestacionais e de nascimento. Os desfechos foram o conteúdo de gordura no colostro, pelo método do crematócrito, e o valor energético estimado. Na comparação entre grupos foram utilizados os testes do qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher, ANOVA e regressão linear multivariada. Resultados: A idade gestacional média foi de 34 semanas nos neonatos pré-termo e 39 semanas nos a termo. O crematócrito não diferiu entre os grupos, com valores médios de 3,3 a 4,0%; e o valor energético estimado foi de 52 a 56 kcal/dL. Crematócrito ≥4% foi mais frequente no grupo a termo pequeno para idade gestacional. Apenas no grupo de recém-nascidos pré-termo pequenos para a idade gestacional houve correlação entre crematócrito e índice de massa corpórea materno. Conclusões: O conteúdo de gordura e o valor energético estimado do colostro não diferiram em função da idade gestacional e do crescimento fetal.

Mi estudio analiza la forma en que la autora mexicana, Julieta García González, por medio de su obra Vapor (2004), realiza una crítica de la sociedad que rechaza la gordura y la ve como una enfermedad. Asimismo, su protagonista, Gracia, invierte los conceptos de salud y enfermedad al desatar reacciones patológicas en los personajes que entran en contacto con ella. Esto pone en tela de juicio, no sólo los conceptos de salud y belleza, sino también la jerarquía dominante que, inicialmente, posiciona a Gracia como un objeto observado por quienes le rodean y la convierte en un sujeto autónomo capaz de gozar de su propio cuerpo.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermally treated (processed) soybeans in finishing diets for lambs containing two levels of concentrate on the tissue composition and qualitative traits of lamb meat. Twenty uncastrated mongrel lambs with an initial body weight of 22.6 ± 2.06 kg were housed in individual pens during the finishing phase and allocated to a completely randomized design in a 2x2 factorial scheme (fresh or processed soybeans x 50% or 80% concentrate). The animals were slaughtered once they had reached a body condition score of 3.0 and the mean slaughter weight was 32.51 ± 3.08 kg. After slaughter and carcass cooling, loin samples were collected for dissection and separation of the tissue components of the commercial cut. Next, the muscle portion was submitted to qualitative analysis. There was no effect of the interaction between soybean processing and concentrate level in the diet (P>0.05). The loin of animals fed the higher concentrate diet was heavier (0.80 kg). A higher quantity of the muscle was also observed in animals fed the higher proportion of concentrate and diets containing processed soybeans (0.56 and 0.54 kg). The treatments including processed soybeans provided a higher muscle:bone ratio (5.62) and higher muscle percentage (68.13%). The treatments did not influence qualitative meat traits (P>0.05). Heat treatment of soybeans improves the edible portion without altering the qualitative traits of lamb meat.

The treatment of obese people in our society, especially fat children gives rise to much indignation ("Fat", "fatness" - rather than "obese, obesity" - are preferred terms among groups and individuals protesting societal and traditional public health treatment of large persons.) Not all obese individuals are poor; but being excessively overweight tends to be inversely related to socio economic status among women and their children in post industrial societies. Poor children who are fat often have the hardest experiences because they are large, are in poverty, and are dependent on parents and others for their welfare. Fat people are not protected from discrimination in most jurisdictions. Human rights laws should be amended to shield obese individuals from prejudicial actions. In addition, activism, public health models, and various legal interventions, to be discussed, need to focus on people, especially children, eating/drinking nutritiously and being physically active - with their weight being a secondary consideration. These issues are illustrated by discussing programs in the United States designed to assist poor families to eat and drink more nutritiously. El tratamiento de las personas obesas en nuestra sociedad, especialmente en el caso de los niños, da lugar a mucha indignación (se usan términos como "gordo", "gordura", en lugar de "obeso, obesidad", entre los grupos e individuos que protestan por el tratamiento social y la sanidad púbica tradicional para tratar a las personas grandes). No todas las personas obesas son pobres; pero en las sociedades postindustriales, entre mujeres y sus hijos tener un sobrepeso excesivo tiende a estar inversamente relacionado con la posición socioeconómico. Los niños pobres que están gordos sufren, a menudo, las experiencias más duras, porque son grandes, están en situación de pobreza, y su bienestar depende de sus padres y otras personas. En la mayoría de jurisdicciones, las personas gordas no están protegidas contra la discriminación. Las leyes de derechos humanos deberían modificarse para proteger a las personas obesas frente a acciones lesivas. Además, se analizarán el activismo, los modelos de salud pública, y diversas intervenciones legales. Todos ellos necesitan centrarse en las personas, especialmente los niños, que comen y beben de forma equilibrada, y que realizan actividad física, siendo el peso una consideración secundaria. Estos temas se ilustran mediante el análisis de programas estadounidenses destinados a ayudar a que familias pobres coman y beban de forma más nutritiva. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2559676

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Objective: To determine whether fat content and energy value change in colostrum according to gestational age and fetal growth. Methods: Cross-sectional study with mothers of preterm and term infants born in a tertiary center in 2015-2016. Inclusion criteria: single pregnancy, absence of diabetes, chorioamnionitis and mastitis, no use of illicit drugs or alcohol, without fetal congenital malformation or infection. Four groups were formed according to gestational age and fetal growth: preterm infants small for gestational age (PT-SGA; n=33) and appropriate for gestational age (PT-AGA; n=60), term infants small for gestational age (T-SGA; n=59) and appropriate for gestational age (T-AGA; control, n=73). Colostrum was collected between 24-72 hours postpartum. Gestational and birth variables were analyzed. Outcome variables were: fat content in colostrum (evaluated by crematocrit method) and estimated energy value. Chi-square or Fisher exact tests, ANOVA, and multivariable linear regression were used for comparison among groups. Results: Mean gestational age was 34 weeks in preterm infants and 39 weeks in term neonates. Crematocrit did not differ between groups, with mean values varying between 3.3 and 4.0%; estimated energy value was 52 to 56 kcal/dL. Crematocrit =4% was more frequent in the T-SGA group. Only in the PT-SGA group there was a correlation between crematocrit and body mass index of the mother. Conclusions: The fat content and energy value of colostrum did not change according to gestational age or fetal growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to use ultrasound spectroscopy for the determination of the physical-chemical characteristics of buffalo milk and compare it to theinfrared method. Levels of fat, protein, lactose and non-fat solids (NFS) were determined in milk samples of 22 buffaloes (n = 383) with initial milk production of 6.97 ± 1.55 litres. The respective average results for the fat, protein, lactose and NFS of the individual samples were 6.31%, 3.81%, 4.99% and 9.75% for the infrared method-PO ANA 009 and 7.16%, 2.5%, 6.28% and 9.41% using ultrasound spectroscopy. There were significant differences (P<0.0001) in the levels of all of the components analysed between the two methods studied. Results obtained in the analyses using the ultrasonic milk analyser (Ekomilk Total®) were different from those obtained by the infrared method-PO ANA 009 (ESALQ), but they showed a high positive correlation for fat (r =0.84108, P<0.0001), moderate correlation for NFS(r= 0.71284 P = 0.0022), low correlation for lactose (r= 0.32197; P<0.0001) and the absence of correlation for protein(r= -0.00284, P<0.0001). Therefore, ultrasound spectroscopy can be used forthe determination of fat. For the other constituents of buffalo milk, in order to use the ultrasonic analyser, it is suggested that further studies should be conducted for technical and methodological adjustments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrient intake in goats' milk-fed goats varying in fat concentration (24.2, 34.4, 44.3, 65.6 and 82.1 g.kg-1 MS) to study Its effect on feed performance and feed conversion, during lactation and post-suckling, in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme with 12 replicates per liquid diet initially. The experimental period began on the seventh day of life, with 60 Saanen and Alpina goats confined in individual metabolism cages, receiving 1.5 L / Milk / day divided into two meals at 08:00 and 15:00 until 15 days of life; From day 16 to day 52 of life was offered 2L / Milk in two meals, from day 53 and until day 67 of life the animals began to receive 1L / Milk in the afternoon; And from day 37 to day 195 of life Tifton-85 (Cynodon dactylon) ad libitum grass and 10 g/kg PV of concentrated feed were supplied for each animal. A slaughter reference was made to the seven days of life and four slaughterings during the experiment: 37, 67, 142 and 195 days of life. All statistical procedures were programmed in the SAS (9.0) through PROC NLIN adopting 0.05% probability for the Type I error. There was a difference (P<0.001) in the consumption of dry matter, protein, fat and non-fibrous carbohydrates In the lactation phase. There was an effect (P<0.001) for the deposition of crude fat, crude protein and mineral matter in the animal body during the lactation phase. However, after the substitution by the solid diet, the reduction in this difference is verified in the medium term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A qualidade do leite é um dos temas mais discutidos atualmente no cenário nacional de produção leiteira. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros qualitativos e disponibilizar informações referentes aos fatores que possam interferir na qualidade do leite cru refrigerado obtido mensalmente em 40 unidades produtoras de seis municípios na região Sudoeste do Paraná. Foi realizada a coleta de dados das propriedades com o auxílio de um questionário semiestruturado. Consideraram-se 12 parâmetros inerentes à atividade leiteira e que podem influenciar na qualidade da matéria-prima, conforme segue: estrato de produção, sistemas de produção, de ordenha, de resfriamento, mão de obra, assistência técnica, frequência da assistência, higienização do resfriador, da ordenha, dos tetos, desinfecção dos tetos e estrutura do ambiente de ordenha. As amostras de leite foram analisadas em relação a sua composição: gordura, proteína, lactose e Extrato Seco Total (EST), a Contagem de Células Somáticas (CCS) e Contagem Padrão em Placas (CPP). A proteína e CCS não foram influenciadas por nenhum dos parâmetros estudados. O teor de gordura é um dos componentes do leite mais passiveis a apresentar variação na proporção, o qual foi influenciado pelo estrato de produção, tipo de mão de obra, frequência da assistência técnica, higienização do resfriador e tipo de contenção disponível na propriedade. As variáveis que apresentaram maiores valores para gordura e CPP estão associados a propriedades com nível tecnológico e produção inferiores. Aspectos nutricionais que promovem o aumento da produção, como identificado nos sistemas de maior produção de leite resultam em menor percentual de gordura do leite. Instalações que apresentam a ordenha canalizada e resfriamento por expansão proporcionam melhores resultados para CPP. Práticas como o uso de pré e pós-dipping, higienização do resfriador e ordenhadeira com água quente e detergente reduz significativamente a CPP.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo e qualidade física dos ovos de poedeiras semipesadas criadas em regiões de clima quente, alimentadas com rações contendo óleo de soja ou sebo bovino. O período experimental teve duração de 63 dias, sendo dividido em três ciclos de 21 dias cada. Foram utilizadas 160 poedeiras semipesadas da linhagem Hisex Brown, com 50 semanas de idade e peso inicial de 1,755 ± 0,172 kg. As aves foram criadas em sistema de piso, sendo alojadas em boxes. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, composto por dois tratamentos e cinco repetições, com 16 aves por unidade experimental (boxe). Foram formuladas duas dietas experimentais a base de milho e farelo de soja, com a inclusão de óleo de soja e sebo bovino constituindo os tratamentos um e dois respectivamente. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: produção de ovos (%), consumo de ração (g/ave/dia), massa de ovos (g/ave/dia), conversão alimentar por massa de ovos (kg/kg), conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos (kg/dúzia), peso dos ovos, porcentagem da gema, albúmen e casca (%), gravidade específica (g/cm3), viabilidade das aves (%) e variação do peso corporal (g). Não foram observadas diferenças (P>0,05) em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. O uso de óleo de soja ou sebo bovino na ração, não influencia o desempenho produtivo e qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras semipesadas, criadas em regiões de clima quente.

The purpose of this study was to determine how feeding sheep coffee pulp affects carcass characteristics and what changes occur in physicochemical, antioxidant capacity and oxidation of the meat during refrigerated storage. The experiment was carried out in 15 Blackbelly lambs weighing an average 22.86±0.76kg. The animals were assigned to three treatments: T0=control diet, T1=diet with 8% coffee pulp, and T2=diet with 16% coffee pulp. After fattening for 56 days, the sheep were slaughtered and the carcasses assessed. The inclusion of 16% coffee pulp in the diet increased carcass dressing from 48.19 to 50.83% and decreased the amount of fat in rumen and intestines from 3.43 to 2.53% (P