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Purpose: To report the long-term (23 years) clinical and multimodal imaging features of acquired vitelliform lesions (AVLs) associated with nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration. Methods: Retrospective case report. Color and red-free fundus photographs, highresolution optical coherence tomography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography-angiography were performed. Results: A 58-year-old man presented with bilateral AVLs in the setting of nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration. At baseline, his best-corrected visual acuity was 20/30 in his right eye and 20/20 in his left eye. Red-free fundus photographs showed AVLs with cuticular drusen in both eyes corresponding to a "stars-in-the-sky" pattern on fluorescein. Indocyanine green angiography showed no evidence of macular neovascularization. Throughout the 23-year follow-up, the patient reported consuming 20 mg/day of lutein supplement. At the end of follow-up, his best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Color fundus photographs showed resorption of the AVLs in both eyes and High-Res optical coherence tomography showed relative preservation of the outer retinal bands in the fovea. Optical coherence tomography-angiography confirmed the absence of macular neovascularization. Conclusion: In nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration, spontaneous resorption of AVLs may be associated with long-term maintenance of visual acuity and relative preservation of the outer retinal morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background To evaluate the frequency and characteristics of sub-clinical ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) detected by high-resolution anterior segment tomography (HR- OCT) in patients with clinically unapparent disease following topical treatment. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients with OSSN identified through a pharmacy database at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute from January 2013 to December 2018 was conducted. Patients undergoing primary therapy with topical 5-fluorouracil 1% (5-FU) (4 times a day for 7 days with a 21-day break) or interferon-alpha-2b (IFN) (4 times a day) were reviewed. Patients were separated into two groups. Group 1 included individuals whose clinical resolution of OSSN aligned with complete resolution on HR-OCT. Group 2 (sub-clinical OSSN group) included individuals with clinical OSSN resolution but with features of persistent disease on HR- OCT. Patients excluded included those treated at an outside institution and those who used topical therapy as a surgical adjunct. Results A total of 95 patients (95 eyes) were reviewed. Sub-clinical OSSN was detected at a frequency of 17% in our study patients (n = 16 patients, 9 treated with 5-FU and 7 treated with IFN). In the 16 individuals, the mean time to clinical resolution was 3.6 ± 1.0 cycles for 5-FU and 4.0 ± 0.0 months for IFN. An additional 2.1 ± 0.8 cycles for 5-FU and 1.2 ± 0.4 months for IFN were needed to achieve HR-OCT resolution of OSSN. Recurrence in Group 1 was noted in 10 patients (12%) while no recurrences occurred in Group 2, the cohort with subclinical disease that received the extended medical therapy. The mean follow-up was 24.0 ± 17.9 months. Conclusion We found that at least 17% of individuals with apparent clinical resolution of OSSN have sub-clinical disease detected on HR-OCT. This information can be used to optimize treatment and extend therapy past the point of clinical resolution.

Introduction: High-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography (HR-OCT) has revolutionized the way by which clinicians can diagnose and differentiate ocular surface lesions. Careful interpretation of HR-OCT images can provide morphological information about the lesion of interest and help guide the diagnosis. Areas covered: This paper reviews the steps to interpreting HR-OCT images of ocular surface lesions and summarizes their characteristic findings. Expert opinion: Among the multiple modalities available to image the ocular surface and anterior segment, HR-OCT has emerged as an instrumental tool to obtain 'optical biopsies' of various ocular surface lesions. A step-by-step approach to acquiring and interpreting HR-OCT images can allow for accurate in-office characterization and diagnosis of both benign and malignant ocular surface lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 13-year-old-male patient presented with a complaint of progressive visual. His symptoms started 3 years ago and worsened within the past 2 years. There was no one with a family history of similar complaints. He had no previous history of trauma, inflammatory or infectious ocular disease. He had a best-corrected visual acuity of 0.3 in both eyes. Refraction was +2.50 diopters in both eyes. The foveal sections examined with high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated wide hyporeflective cystoid spaces that split the neurosensory retina at the center of the fovea and small cystic space that formed bridges between the outer and inner retinal layers in perifoveal area bilaterally. In our study high-resolution OCT findings in patient diagnosed with congenital retinoschisis were analyzed. Also, the current developments related to management of the disease were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal imaging is important to noninvasively visualize the various retinal structures to aid in better understanding of the pathogenesis of vision-robbing diseases. However, conventional OCT systems have a trade-off between lateral resolution and depth-of-focus. In this report, we present the development of a focus-stacking OCT system with automatic focus optimization for high-resolution, extended-focal-range clinical retinal imaging by incorporating a variable-focus liquid lens into the sample arm optics. Retinal layer tracking and selection was performed using a graphics processing unit accelerated processing platform for focus optimization, providing real-time layer-specific en face visualization. After optimization, multiple volumes focused at different depths were acquired, registered, and stitched together to yield a single, high-resolution focus-stacked dataset. Using this system, we show high-resolution images of the retina and optic nerve head, from which we extracted clinically relevant parameters such as the nerve fiber layer thickness and lamina cribrosa microarchitecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the cases of several women aged 60 years old and above who were diagnosed of maculopathy after undergoing high-resolution fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. The patients were taken to the hospital because of visual loss that could not be explained even after undergoing several tests including Stratus optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and funduscopy. The visual acuity of the patients ranged between 20/20 and 20/80.

The article presents the case of an 81-year-old female with left exudative age-related macular degeneration who has undergone a treatment of four intravitreal injections of ranibizumad. Her choroidal neovascular membrane was evaluated a month later through fundus fluorescein angiography. She was diagnosed with right focal segmental retinal vasculitis involving both the arteries and veins of her eyes.

The development of optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology has helped to usher in a new era of in vivo diagnostic imaging of the eye. The utilization of OCT for imaging of the anterior segment and ocular surface has evolved from time-domain devices to spectral-domain devices with greater penetrance and resolution, providing novel images of anterior segment pathology to assist in diagnosis and management of disease. Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is one such pathology that has proven demonstrable by certain anterior segment OCT machines, specifically the newer devices capable of performing ultra high-resolution OCT (UHR-OCT). Distinctive features of OSSN on high resolution OCT allow for diagnosis and differentiation from other ocular surface pathologies. Subtle findings on these images help to characterize the OSSN lesions beyond what is apparent with the clinical examination, providing guidance for clinical management. The purpose of this review is to examine the published literature on the utilization of UHR-OCT for the diagnosis and management of OSSN, as well as to report novel uses of this technology and potential directions for its future development., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)