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This article presents the development, implementation and results of the project “An interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of overweight children” under the name “My Challenge” camp. It is a 2-week multidisciplinary programme involving a physician, a dietitian, a psychologist, an occupational therapist or physiotherapist and a kinesiologist. The children stay in camp for 2 weeks and are actively involved in the daily preparation of healthy meals, participate in cooking workshops and interactive nutrition lessons, and are active outdoors throughout the programme.

Persoanele private de libertate apelează la diferite tertipuri pentru a pune presiune pe angajaţii închisorii în vederea câştigării unor beneficii. Aceştia încearcă diferite metode şi apelează la acţiuni uneori chiar neregulamentare pentru a obţine cazarea într-o anumită cameră de detenţie, mutarea pe o anumită secţie din penitenciar, primirea unor vizite fără dispozitiv sau a vizitelor intime, selecţionarea la activităţi lucrative, obţinerea transferului la altă închisoare, primirea unor recompense, trecerea de la un regim de detenţie restrictiv la un regim de detenţie mai permisiv, primirea de bunuri de la familie peste limita admisă, efectuarea de cumpărături în afara programului aprobat etc.

Mikroplastika (MP) posljednjih desetak godina izaziva zabrinutost znanstvene zajednice zbog velike prisutnosti u okolišu, dok mogući štetni učinci još nisu u potpunosti poznati. MP su čvrste, polimerne čestice, s dodanim aditivima, netopljive u vodi dimenzija od 1 µm do 5 mm. Dosad je dokazana prisutnost MP-a u različitim dijelovima okoliša, poput tla, oceana, jezera, sedimenata i izoliranih područja poput Marijanske brazde. Ljudi su izloženi MP-u unosom kontaminirane hrane. Mnogobrojna istraživanja rezultirala su pronalaskom znatne količine MP-a u pitkoj vodi, flaširanim pićima, soli, morskoj hrani i sl. Zakonska ograničenja i dalje nisu na izravan način obuhvatila MP kao skupinu onečišćivala, ali se direktivom EU-a do 2024. godine želi usvojiti metodologija za kvantificiranje MP-a s ciljem uvrštavanja MP-a na popis praćenih onečišćavala. Postojeće metode analize MP-a, iako u razvoju, najčešće uključuju spektroskopske metode poput infracrvene spektroskopije s Furierovom transformacijom (FTIR) i Ramanove spektroskopije, koje mogu pružiti informaciju o veličini, broju i obliku čestice, ali i o tipu polimera. No, unatoč napretku, još uvijek ne postoje standardizirane metode za usporedbu rezultata različitih istraživanja. U ovom preglednom radu glavni je cilj pružiti pregled metoda analize i izazova s kojima se istraživači suočavaju. Kroz analizu raznih metoda, poput destruktivnih (pirolize) i nedestruktivnih (kao što su spektroskopske metode), dobiva se širi uvid u tipove polimera, broj, veličinu i oblik čestica. Međutim, nedostatak standardiziranih protokola za pripremu uzorka, analizu i obradu podataka otežava usporedbu rezultata i smanjuje pouzdanost istraživanja. Stoga je ključno propisati eksperimentalne uvjete da bi se osigurala kvaliteta istraživanja i omogućila meta-analiza te pregled prisutnosti MP-a u različitim okolišnim matricama.

Microplastics (MPs) have caused concern in the scientific community over the last decade due to their widespread distribution in the environment and their potential harmful effects that are not yet fully understood. MPs are solid, water-insoluble polymer particles containing additives and range in size from 1 µm to 1 mm. So far, the presence of MPs has been detected in various parts of the environment such as soils, oceans, lakes, sediments, and even isolated areas like the Mariana Trench. Humans are exposed to MPs through the ingestion of contaminated food, with numerous studies showing significant quantities of MPs in drinking water, bottled beverages, salt, seafood, and more. While legal restrictions do not yet directly apply to MPs as a pollutant group, the EU directive aims to adopt a methodology for measuring MPs by 2024, intending to include them in the list of monitored pollutants. Existing methods for analysing MPs are still under development, but primarily include spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, which can provide information on the size, number and shape of the particles as well as the type of polymer. Despite this progress, there are still no standardised methods to compare results from different tests, and quality control often relies only on blank tests to check and monitor external contamination of the sample. The main purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the methods of analysis and the challenges faced by researchers. By analysing different methods, such as destructive (pyrolysis) and non-destructive (e.g. spectroscopic methods), a broader insight into the nature of the polymers, the number, size, and shape of the particles is obtained. However, the lack of standardised protocols for sample preparation, analysis, and data processing hinders the comparability of results and reduces the reliability of the research. Therefore, it is crucial to prescribe the experimental conditions to ensure the quality of the research and enable meta-analysis and verification of the presence of MPs in different environmental matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of MESO is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Veterinarska Stanica is the property of Croatian Veterinary Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A survey of the degree of importance consumers attach to the food safety managment in accomodation facilities offering food was carried out. Consumers, that is, potential guests, without exception, attach importance to food safety comparable to the importance they attach to sensory properties of food, nutritional value of food and efficiency of service, which from the aspect of business success further emphasizes the need for transparent management of food safety in accomodation facilities offering food. With the aim of comparing the complexity, challenges and importance of food safety management in accomodation facilities that provide combined tourist accommodation and catering services depending on the type of facility, analysis of the complexity of food safety issues was performed depending on the type of facility. The obtained results suggest that the complexity of food safety management depends on the type of facility and is most pronounced in facilities such as hotels and motels. For the case of accomodation facilities with complex food offer, such as hotels, the challenges of food safety were considered through interviews with responsible staff in hotels. The challenges of managing food safety in these facilities are numerous and conditioned by various factors, starting from the diversity of the raw materials, through the compactness of the space, to the challenges related to the establishment of a traceability system. In the complex environment of food safety management in hotels, the knowledge of staff is invaluable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various prescription diets prescribed by veterinarians for specific diseases in dogs have been developed and introduced to the market. Trace element and mineral levels, which are essential for healthy living conditions in animals, can differ in both prescription and non-prescription foods. In our study, it was aimed to determine the levels of some elements and minerals in various prescription and non-prescription dry foods used in dog nutrition and to evaluate their therapeutic importance. In the study, a total of 100 different prescription dry food formulated for hepatic diseases (H, n=25), renal diseases (R, n=25), gastrointestinal diseases (GI, n=25) and, allergic diseases (HA, n=25) were used. Non-prescription dry foods from different flavors and brands in the market were considered as the control group (C, n=50). Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Calcium (Ca), and Phosphorus (P) levels of all dry foods were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES, Thermo iCAP 6000 series) and the results were compared between groups. Statistical analysis was evaluated using SPSS 21. Cu levels in GI and HA groups were higher than in the control group (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Fe levels were higher in the GI group and lower in the HA group than in the control group (p<0.05). Mn level was significantly higher in the H group compared to the control group (p<0.001). The Mn levels in GI and HA groups were higher than the control group (p<0.01). There was no statistical difference in Se and Zn levels between prescription and non-prescription dry foods. Ca and P levels in all groups were statistically lower than in the control group (p<0.001). There are significant differences in element and mineral levels in prescription and nonprescription dry foods. These values may be out of the legal limits determined by EU Regulation. Considering the therapeutic purpose of these prescription formulas, some element and mineral amounts were determined as inappropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contributions to Contemporary History / Prispevki za Novejšo Zgodovino is the property of Prispevki za Novejso Zgodovino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Veterinaria is the property of University of Sarajevo, Veterinary Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Knowledge: International Journal is the property of Institute for Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SKEI - International Interdisciplinary Journal / Medunarodni Interdisciplinarni Casopis is the property of University Vitez, Bosnia & Herzegovina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hotel & Tourism Management is the property of Faculty of Hotel Management & Tourism in Vrnjacka Banja and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Church in the World / Crkva u Svijetu is the property of University of Split, Catholic Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Veterinarska Stanica is the property of Croatian Veterinary Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mleko je izhodišče raziskovanja intenzivnih sonastajanj različnih teles, vrst in stvari; tega, kar običajno imenujejo udomačitev. Mleko je del skupka, ki povezuje živali, hormone, encime, bakterije, hrano, gene, tehnologije in materialno kulturo. Ta kompleksna sonastajanja producirajo nove, nepričakovane rezultate in učinke ter spreminjajo vse komponente v skupku udomačitve.

The modernization of food supply chains has marginalized remote agricultural regions such as the Alps. As a result, local actors often adopt new ways of producing, promoting, and selling their products by differentiating them in the eyes of consumers. The labelling of quality local agri-food products through the development and promotion of territorial brands play an essential role in this respect. In the article we address the research question: What are the conditions for the creation, development and sustainability of territorial brands in the agri-food sector? What are the characteristics of some territorial brands, which are an essential development factor and the subject of local identities and local policies? We discuss cooperation between local, regional, and national actors. The aim of this article is to highlight the preparation and role of the 100% Local Model for the successful creation and development of territorial brands in the field of agro-food production in the Alps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to review the publications on mycotoxins’ presence in cereals and foodstuffs originated from the Serbian market covering the period from 2005 to 2022. The review covers all the important steps in mycotoxins analysis including sampling, sample preparation, instrumental analysis, and concentration ranges in which the mycotoxins were found. Also, the results were interpreted from the European Union regulation point of view. The review emphasizes the importance of multi-mycotoxins analysis for determining the simultaneous presence of mycotoxins that can negatively affect the Serbian human population. The most frequently used instrumental technique in the mycotoxin analysis of Serbian products was the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay followed by the Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Most of the studies undertaken in Serbia until now investigated a few groups of matrices such as wheat, maize, milk, and dairy products. Only a few studies involved specific matrices such as nuts, dried fruits, biscuits, cookies, and spices. The review showed that contamination of milk and dairy products with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), occurred at the very beginning of 2013, was the major health issue related to the population health. The contamination of milk and dairy products with the AFM1 was a consequence of maize contamination with aflatoxins which occurred in the year 2012, characterized by drought conditions. The studies dealing with the analysis of masked and emerging mycotoxins are rare and more attention should be paid to monitoring the presence of these types of mycotoxins in foodstuffs from Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim. Dietary intake of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) is important in prevention and treatment of different diseases. In general population, the average intake of n-3 LC-PUFA is often significantly lower than recommended levels. Fish lipids are rich sources of these fatty acids, of which the most important are eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic (22:6 n-3, DHA) fatty acids. This study was designed to determine and compare fat, fatty acids and lipid quality indices in 10 commercial fish species available on the Serbian market, as well as relation between their price and nutritional value. Methods. Freshwater fish originated from the Danube River in the Belgrade Region, while seawater fish were mostly from the Adriatic Sea. A gas chromatography method was used to define fatty acids in 40 fish samples after lipid extraction. Cost-minimization analysis was conducted to assess the economic utility. Results. Seawater fish had a significantly higher value of flash lipid quality compared to the freshwater fish (p < 0.05). Value of hypercholesterolaemic fatty acids (OFA) for the freshwater group was 18.70 (17.40-21.30) while the seawater group had a similar range of values 18.90 (17.55-22.75). Hypocholesterolaemic fatty acids (DFA) also showed similar ranges for both groups: 68.80 (66-70.20) for freshwater and 68.40 (64.85-73.05) for seawater group. The ratio of DHA/EPA ranged from 1.8 for sardine samples and up to 10 for tuna samples, indicating that the amount of DHA in natural samples exceeds the amount of EPA in many cases. The values of atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic index (TI) were lower than 1 for all analysed samples. Conclusion. Sardine and mackerel had the highest content of n-3 LC-PUFA and presented the least expensive sources of EPA and DHA. The low values of AI and TI obtained from studied fish indicate its benefits from a health point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's civilization finds itself facing existential problems in the survival of life on planet Earth. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of food production from the moment when humans became hunter-gatherers until today, when there is talk about food security from the aspect of providing sufficient amounts of food for present and future generations. The paper presents the production of food in Serbia since the arrival of Slavic tribes on the Balkan Peninsula up to modern times. The paper also points to the historical development of food production and the necessity for socially responsible behaviour to preserve the resources we have for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the importance of the Bible in dogmatic theology, primarily through the prism of unity, structure, and contents of the tractate titled Theological Anthropology. The author offers a thorough reading of the new document of the Pontifical Biblical Commission »Che cosa è l'uomo?« (Sal 8,5): Un itinerario di antropologia biblica (2019.). The article presents contributions to and inspirations of that document for Theological Anthropology and it points out some differences and deficiencies in terms of contents. The most common points can be noticed in the thematic area of human being as God's creation in his/her earthly existence and responsibility. The biggest difference between that document and Theological Anthropology consists in the fact that the document is very brief on the anthropological aspect of God's salvation in the sense of transformation of human being by Divine grace and of human being's directedness towards the eschatological fullness of life with God. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Filozofija i Drustvo is the property of University of Belgrade, Institute for Philosophy & Social Theory and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Food additive is any substance of known chemical composition that is not normally used as food in itself or is a typical food ingredient, regardless of nutritional value, and is added specifically for technological and organoleptic properties of food in the technological process of production, during preparation, processing, finishing, processing, shaping, packaging, transport and storage, which leads or can be expected to lead to the fact that he or his by–product directly or indirectly becomes an ingredient of that food. Food additives are a necessity in food production technology. Their use causes consumer distrust and controversy among the professional public. The negative attitude of a significant number of consumers due to the lack of awareness of the legislation that precedes the approval of food additives can be removed through open, transparent, independent, responsible / timely communication on risk. On the other hand, research on inadequate labeling, toxicity and the use of illicit food additives requires continuous monitoring, improvement of the control system and elimination of deficiencies. The safe use of food additives is a joint responsibility of the state, producers, distributors, the profession, ie laboratories, but also the consumers themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nursing Journal / Sestrinski Glasnik is the property of Croatian Nurses Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The introduction and application of new ideas in business plays a key role in the development of the company and is an important factor for competitiveness in the market. Leading hospitality companies, through the application of different kinds of standards, have introduced numerous innovations that have influenced a number of changes in such businesses. The constant pursuit of innovation has led to the emergence of new directions in gastronomy. Preparing food in the most modern appliances and designing menus in almost laboratory-like conditions have become features of fine-dining and molecular gastronomy restaurants. A return to old, forgotten tastes, often termed hedonism, in turn, characterises slow food gastronomy. However, modern generations' dining wishes are being realised in fast-food restaurants. The aim of this study, based on a sample of 580 people, was to provide insight into how familiar Belgrade residents are with new trends in restaurant food preparation, with special emphasis on the importance of food quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the integration of gastronomy in the creative place-making process. The study is based on the interviews with the organizers of five gastronomy events: a cooking workshop, a gastronomy festival, a series of gastronomy events at museums, a gastronomy theatre performance and an intimate dinner event. The contextual analysis shows that gastronomy events can contribute to five important features defining quality of place: diversity, liveliness, innovativeness, creativity and openness/tolerance. The final phase of our study brings comparison with findings in art-based place-making studies and discusses on diversity, integration in development policies and replicability potential of analyzed gastronomy events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to provide a theoretical and conceptual introduction for the special issue on the interactions between food and territory manifested in gastronomy tourism. We focus on four perspectives: sustainability, the role of heritage, the potential for rural development and the networking of stakeholders. The contributions critically examine the development potentials but also the weaknesses of the growing gastronomy tourism. The case study approach and qualitative methods provide a detailed and concrete insight into the emerging challenges of host communities, tourism businesses and farmers, public policy makers and visitors. The special issue also provides applicable results for stakeholders involved in the strategic development, creation and consumption of tourism offerings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Glasnik Slovenskega Etnološkega Društva is the property of Slovene Ethnological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of Veterinary Medicine / Arhiv Veterinarske Medicine is the property of Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/Aim. Recently, there has been an increased interest in novel dietary antioxidants, including omega-3 fatty acids and bioactive proteins present in milk. The aim of this study was to examine potential antioxidant effects of four-weeks long fish-based and milk-based diets in female Wistar rats. Methods. Four-months old rats were divided into three groups receiving either: control diet, diet enriched with fish meal, or diet enriched with milk. The activities of antioxidant enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined in liver homogenates obtained at the end of the treatment period. Results. Statistically significant higher activities of GPx (3.52 ± 0.73 U/mg) and CAT (147.25 ± 15.93 U/mg) were detected in rats fed with fishbased meal in comparison with both the control (GPx: 1.93 ± 0.11 U/mg; CAT: 99.37 ± 10.03 U/mg) and the group fed with milk-based diet (GPx: 1.72 ± 0.52 U/mg; CAT: 104.18 ± 37.49 U/mg). Despite somewhat lower concentration of TBARS in the milk-treated group (0.88 ± 0.23 nmoL/mg), no significant differences were detected in comparison with other groups (the control group: 1.00 ± 0.08 nmoL/mg; the fish-based diet group: 1.13 ± 0.15 nmoL/mg). Conclusion. Diet enriched with fish could improve one's oxidative status by enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes in the liver tissue. On the contrary, we failed to obtain results suggesting that milk could serve as a source of dietary antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ekonomski Vjesnik is the property of Ekonomski Vjesnik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper aims to describe the progress that has been made in the implementation of the Albanian food and nutrition policy since 2003, so as to consider its impacts to date, and to identify strategic priorities/critical areas and priorities for Albania’s future policy on improving the national food and nutrition situation.

Copyright of Veterinarska Stanica is the property of Croatian Veterinary Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Croatian Journal of Ethnology & Folklore Research / Narodna Umjetnost is the property of Institute of Ethnology & Folklore Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mycotoxins are toxic substances that frequently contaminate food and feed, causing adverse effects on human and animal health and significant economic losses around the world. This paper gives an overview of the current research and knowledge of mycotoxin biological detoxification methods. Biological detoxification implies the use of microorganisms and their enzymes with the aim of degrading or modifying the mycotoxin structure, resulting in the transformation of the original compounds and the formation of less toxic products, or decontamination of mycotoxins. However, previous research and findings have not yet resulted in application in the food and livestock industry, or by approving their use by legislation. Further research is needed on biodegradation mechanisms, microorganism safety, or influence of the application of biological methods on nutritional properties and resulting degradation products, so that mycotoxin biological detoxification methods can be effectively applied in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolism products of toxigenic fungi that represent common contaminants of food and feed. Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) is an indole-tetramic acid synthesized by moulds of the genera Penicillium (P. griseofulvum, P. camemberti, P. commune, P. dipodomyicola) and Aspergillus (A. flavus, A. oryzae, A. tamarii). CPA is a natural contaminant of vegetal products (corn, peanuts, rice) and food of animal origin including milk, cheese and fermented meat products. Common co-occurence of CPA and aflatoxins indicates a possible synergistic effect. Although the toxicity of CPA was not examined in detail, some animal species confirmed its tremorgenic, neurochemical and immunosupressive properties. Given the scarcity of the data about CPA, further research of its toxicity, prevalence and synergistic effects of different co-occuring mycotoxins, are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the last several decades, sociological interest in researching food systems, food regimes and foodways increases. In researching food, sociology relies both on other sciences (such as history, anthropology, ethnology, agrotechnology, agrieconomics, psychology, nutritional sciences, genetics), well established sociological disciplines (sociology of labour/family, rural sociology), but also emerging ones (sociology of tourism/emotions). Despite significant progress in development of sociological knowledge on food and eating (concepts, different theoretical aproaches, methods, institutionalisation), we are still arguing whether a) are we talking of an old or a new sociological topic and b) are we dealing with the emerging sociological discipline or just another sociological issue. Presented dilemmas are accompanied by a seria of additional issues such as justification of sociological approach in food studies, sociological contributions to the food research, but also sociological knowledge in general. Also, there is a question whether and how sociological knowledge can help in developing various public policies relationg food and eating. This paper is an attempt to provide additional insight into abovementioned issues and dilemmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining children's food consumption is challenging and requires dietetic methods that provide adequate specificity for describing, but also for quantifying food intake. To help survey respondents indicate food portion sizes, photograph series can be used, but these must be validated in a nationally representative sample of the population. The aim of the present study was to validate photograph series as a portion size measurement aid during dietary assessment of children in Croatia. This study involved 28 mothers of children aged 3 months to 10 years, who were asked to select one of four photographs in a series that best represented the quantity of food served to them. Of the 21 series tested, 17 were found to be appropriate for assessing food portion sizes. Participants were worst at assessing portion sizes of banana (29.3%), porridge (22.8%), hot dogs (20,3%) and plain yoghurt (19.1%). Further studies are needed to determine why these foods are poorly recognized so that photographs can be modified accordingly and validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]