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Copyright of Revista de Investigación en Salud VIVE is the property of Revista de Investigacion en Salud VIVE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introdução: A descoberta da comunicação bidirecional entre intestino e cérebro tem despertado interesse para a compreensão do papel da microbiota intestinal na regulação dos processos emocionais. Objetivo: Analisar o mecanismo de influência direta da microbiota intestinal no sistema nervoso e apontar possíveis desafios enfrentados na estratégia de tratamento, abordando possíveis impactos em protocolos de tratamento. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa de revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa cuja finalidade deu-se para reunir e resumir os estudos já publicados entre o período de 2013 a 2023 acerca do tema investigado visando atender os objetivos propostos. Resultados: Foram encontrados cerca de 1.400 artigos publicados, sendo perceptível o aumento do número de publicações a partir do ano de 2012. Após aplicar os critérios de inclusão e discutir sobre os artigos encontrados entre os autores, foram selecionados 07 artigos que contemplassem no mínimo um dos objetivos propostos para a investigação do tema proposto. Discussão: A partir do conhecimento dos mecanismos de perturbação da microbiota intestinal, somados a neurobiologia dos transtornos mentais, é possível fazer associação dos medicamentos psicobióticos como potencializadores do tratamento na abordagem a saúde mental. Visto que, o estado de eubiose pode contribuir diretamente para com o sucesso do tratamento farmacológico. Conclusão: É necessário desenvolver uma microbiota intestinal saudável para a conquista da homeostase, garantindo proteção, manutenção da função imunológica da mucosa intestinal, absorção de nutrientes e regulação de neurotransmissores importantes na saúde mental.

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neutrosophic Computing & Machine Learning is the property of Multimedia Larga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Reddito is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los lipomas colónicos son tumores benignos que se originan en el tejido mesenquimal y se consideran el segundo tumor benigno más común en el colon, después de los pólipos adenomatosos. Tienden a afectar más a mujeres y su localización más frecuente es el colon derecho. Por lo general, estos lipomas no presentan síntomas, pero cuando alcanzan un tamaño considerable pueden causar manifestaciones. También pueden dar lugar a complicaciones como obstrucción, intususcepción y perforación. Dado que sus características radiológicas son similares a la grasa, pueden ser visualizados mediante tomografía computarizada, aunque el diagnóstico definitivo se realiza mediante colonoscopia, donde se observa una masa grasa con forma ovalada y capacidad elástica. Las lesiones pueden ser extirpadas endoscópicamente o quirúrgicamente. La expulsión espontánea de un lipoma por vía rectal es rara y su mecanismo aún no está completamente comprendido. Aunque la literatura establece un punto de corte de 2 cm para decidir entre resección endoscópica o laparoscópica, la primera está en aumento y puede ampliar este límite. En casos grandes, como el reportado en este artículo, se recomienda una resección quirúrgica. Este caso particular se destaca por ser el lipoma de colon más grande reportado hasta ahora (13 cm) expulsado espontáneamente.

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterología is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Gastroenterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A comparative study to determine variations in postprandial pH values along the gastrointestinal tract was performed among juveniles of Piaractus brachypomus (n = 21) and Schizodon fasciatus (n = 21) in rearing conditions. After fasting for 24 hours, the fish were fed three times a day to apparent satiety, with a mixed diet containing pelleted balanced food and chicken heart muscle (ratio 1:1). The evaluation was made before feeding and postprandial (eight hours), where the pH values of the stomach, in the anterior and in the middle portions of the intestine were estimated, using a pH electrode with a lancetype tip. Significant differences (p < 0.05) at the stomach and the middle portions of the intestine, according to the digestion time were observed in both species, while at the anterior portions of the intestine, only S. fasciatus showed significant differences (p < 0.05). In both species, an increase in stomach pH was observed in the first postprandial hour (2,39 to 4,78 in P. brachypomus, 4,47 to 4,73 in S. fasciatus), led by the effect of the ingested food, and the pH values were reduced at the end of the experiment. During the evaluation hours, intestinal pH values for P. brachypomus and S. fasciatus were between 6,68 and 7,47 and 6,86 and 7,60, respectively, increasing distally along the intestine. It is concluded that both species present a permanent stomach acidification, and that the anterior and middle portions of the intestine maintain a slightly neutral pH during digestion and assimilation of food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El sistema intestinal posee una capacidad regenerativa intrínseca y fisiológica que tiene lugar a partir de las células madre Lgr5+ ubicadas en el fondo de las criptas intestinales, las cuales se diferencian hacia las células progenitoras secretoras y absortivas con sus respectivas células especializadas mediante la activación de señalizaciones intracelulares como Wnt, Hippo y Notch. Condiciones adversas como lesiones e infecciones tisulares inducen esta actividad regenerativa promovida por variados mecanismos que influyen en el microambiente celular. El sistema inmunológico detecta alteraciones en el tejido intestinal y, a través de la activación de células inmunocompetentes y la secreción de citoquinas proinflamatorias, favorece la desdiferenciación de células especializadas hacia células madre para desencadenar la respuesta regenerativa. En cuanto al sistema nervioso entérico, su influencia está sujeta a modificaciones en la microbiota y los hábitos alimenticios, y se encuentra determinada en gran parte, por las células gliales entéricas y la expresión de distintos marcadores de plasticidad, que permiten limitar la lesión y reparar el tejido. Por su parte, la epigenética modifica la expresión genética y consecuentemente, la capacidad regenerativa intestinal, variando de acuerdo a cada paciente por la influencia de factores externos como la dieta o el estado psicobiológico. De esta forma, la respuesta regenerativa intestinal inducida por lesiones, integra múltiples mecanismos y posee importantes repercusiones clínicas en cuanto a EII, disbiosis e incluso tumorogénesis; conocer los mecanismos que regulan esta actividad puede sentar las bases para la creación de terapias innovadoras en el mismo ámbito.

Animal foods such as chicken, beef, fish and pork are in wide demand throughout the world due, among other things, to their nutritional value, associated with their high protein content. However, this type of protein is susceptible to oxidation reactions, which can mediate processes of fragmentation, aggregation, loss of solubility, functionality, and protein digestibility, which are events involved in the loss of their nutritional value. In this sense, aggregated proteins tend not to be digested in the gastrointestinal tract and accumulate in the intestine (colon), where the colonic microbiota degrades them into mutagenic products such as phenol and p-cresol, which increases the risk of colorectal cancer. On the other hand, the oxidized amino acids or peptides released in digestion could be incorporated into intestinal cell signaling pathways and favor or exacerbate chronic intestinal processes such as irritable bowel syndrome or Crohn's disease. Due to the great interest in this topic in recent years, the objective of this review is to provide a general overview of the impact of oxidized proteins of animal origin on intestinal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología is the property of Fundacion Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Megalopyge opercularis (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Megalopyridae) is a nocturnal moth of medical importance because it causes adverse immunological reactions in humans. In this study, we determined the microbiota composition of M. opercularis at the larval (caterpillars) and adult (moths) stages by next-generation sequencing. DNA was extracted from the caterpillars and moths, and the 16S rRNA prokaryote gene was then amplified and sequenced with next-generation sequencing to assess bacterial richness. Comparison of the microbiota of the caterpillars and adults revealed variation in species composition and diversity. The microbiota of the caterpillars of M. opercularis was composed of 259 species, dominated by the families Geodermatophilaceae (12%), Propionibacteriaceae (10.41%), Clostridiaceae (9.63%), and Nitriliruptoraceae (7.72%). In the adult moths, we found 138 species, and the most abundant families were Nostocaceae (24%) and Methylobacteriaceae (21%). Species richness in M. opercularis was higher in the caterpillars compared to adults. We determined that only some groups of bacteria could persist from 1 stage to another. The results obtained are essential to know about the ecology of M. opercularis and contribute to our understanding of the impact that microorganisms have on the physiological mechanisms of poisonous lepidopterans. Megalopyge opercularis (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Megalopyridae) es una especie de polilla nocturna perteneciente a la familia Megalopyridae de importancia médica debido a las reacciones inmunológicas causadas en humanos por sustancias urticantes ubicadas en sus estructuras espinosas. En este estudio, determinamos el microbioma de M. opercularis en su estado larval y en su estado adulto. Se extrajo el ADN de larvas y adultos y se amplificó el gen rRNA 16S mediante tecnologías de secuenciación de nueva generación. Las comparaciones del microbioma larval contra el microbioma adulto revelaron variación tanto en la composición como en la diversidad de especie. El microbioma larval de M. opercularis está compuesto de 259 especies, dominado por las familias Geodermatophilaceae (12%), Propionibacteriaceae (10.41%), Clostridiaceae (9.63%), y Nitriliruptoraceae (7.72%). En el microbioma adulto encontramos 138 espcies, las familias más abundantes fueron Nostocaceae (24%) y Methylobacteriaceae (21%). La riqueza de especies encontradas en M. opercularis fue mayor en las orugas en comparación con los adultos. Determinamos que solo algunos grupos de bacterias podían persistir de una etapa a otra. Los resultados obtenidos son importantes para conocer la ecología de esta polilla y contribuyen a comprender el impacto que tienen los microorganismos en los mecanismos fisiológicos de los lepidópteros venenosos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: intussusception is a frequent cause of occlusive syndrome in infants, and ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction is a conservative treatment option. Objective: to assess the efficacy of ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction in the treatment of intussusception at the Hospital Pediátrico Docente "General Pedro Agustín Pérez", Guantánamo, from January 2017 to January 2022. Method: a descriptive and retrospective study was carried out at the Pediatric Surgery Department of the institution. The universe was constituted by the total number of patients treated with this therapy (n=59). Variables used were as follow: age, sex, clinical manifestations, number of reduction attempts, invagination and reducibility period of evolution, complications during or after the procedure and need for surgical treatment and its causes. The information was obtained from the statistical registry of the center's Surgical Interventions Committee and the medical records. Results:the male sex (62.7%), the age between 3 to 6 months of age (59.3%) and the symptoms of vomiting and irritability (59.3%) predominated. Hydrostatic reduction was achieved in 91.5% of the cases, 83.0% of them on the first attempt. 100.0% of the patients had less than 24 hours of evolution and deintussusception was achieved in 81.4%. Conclusions: the results of this study show that this treatment is conservative, safe and effective, does not expose patients to ionizing radiation and reduces the risks of a surgical intervention performed by a team of professionals made up of surgeon, radiologist and anesthesiologist, solving the health problem in a short period of time.

Introduction: Diarrhea caused by severe acute gastroenteritis is one of the main causes of infant mortality in children under 5 years of age. Therefore, it is interesting to perform a preclinical and clinical validation of the efficacy of B. longum subsp. infantis IM-1® against various gastrointestinal pathogens. B. infantis IM-1® was evaluated against different gastrointestinal pathogens that cause diarrhea in infants, using in vitro models, animal models, and clinical studies. B. infantis IM-1® is able in an in vitro model of MA-104 and HT-29 cells to inhibit rotavirus replication (up to 36.05%) as well as to protect cells from infection due to rotavirus (up to 48.50 %). An 11-amino acid peptide (MHQPHQPLPPT) with a molecular mass of 1,282 KDa produced by this probiotic with antirotaviral capacity has been identified. In a murine model, the IM-1® strain has been shown to provide in vivo protection against rotavirus infection. In adhesion experiments with HT29, IM-1® was able to displace some pathogens from the enterocyte, especially Cronobacter sakazakii and Salmonella enterica, and prevent the adhesion of C. sakazakii and Shigella sonnei. In a clinical study with 190 babies under 3 months of age, IM-1® reduced episodes of diarrhea, being safe, well tolerated and associated with a lower prevalence of constipation. B. infantis IM-1® is a safe, well tolerated and effective probiotic in reducing episodes of diarrhea caused by the main gastrointestinal pathogens in infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El síndrome del intestino irritado (sii) es una alteración frecuente en la pobla-ción occidental identificado por dolor abdominal y trastornos en el hábito intestinal. Además, provoca efectos perjudiciales en la vida diaria de los pacientes como estrés psicológico y pérdidas socioeconómicas. Su fisio-patología es heterogénea, donde factores psicosociales o la inflamación de la mucosa pueden causar su aparición. Recientemente, distintos estudios han evidenciado el involucramiento de las mutaciones de las subunidades alfa de los canales de sodio dependientes de voltaje (Nav1.5), expresadas por el gen SCN5A, en el desarrollo del sii. Sin embargo, estos hallazgos si-guen siendo prematuros y es necesaria más investigación al respecto. Por lo tanto, con el objetivo de recopilar los datos disponibles más actualizados sobre las mutaciones del SCN5A y sus implicaciones en el desarrollo del sii, así como también presentar las limitaciones del conocimiento actual del tema, se elaboró la presente revisión narrativa

Introduction: Short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) are oligosaccharides composed of fructose units with a terminal glucose, featuring ß linkages that are resistant to animal hydrolysis, resulting in their availability as selective substrates for the intestinal microbiota. scFOS have become highly valuable biotechnological compounds for the animal nutrition industry, aiming to modulate intestinal microbial populations to enhance intestinal health and productivity. Objective. Evaluate the use of increasing doses of scFOS supplementation on the productivity and morphological development of the intestine in broiler chickens. Methods: Two hundred one-day-old Ross AP chickens were homogenized and randomized following a completely random design with five repetitions of five treatments: D1: basal diet (BD) without scFOS inclusion, D2: BD + 700 g/ton of scFOS, D3: BD + 1050 g/ton of scFOS, D4: BD + 1400 g/ton of scFOS, and D5: BD + 1750 g/ton of scFOS. The experimental period lasted for 42 days, during which the animals received the treatments consistently. At the end of the experimental period, productive parameters were evaluated, and jejunal samples were taken to assess morphometric variables. Statistical analysis was conducted using generalized linear models and ANOVA with Tukey's mean comparison in the Rstudio program. Results and Discussion: Productive variables such as live weight and productivity index showed a significant linear effect (P<0.05) of the scFOS dose. The 1400 g/ton dose (D4) presenting the best productivity results. Regarding jejunal morphological development, treatment D5 significantly (P<0.05) exhibited the longest intestinal villi, while the villus-to-crypt ratio was mostly increased (P<0.05) by the 1050 g/ton dose (D3) of scFOS. Conclusion: The inclusion of scFOS in broiler chicken feed at doses ranging from 700 to 1750 g/ton improves productivity and morphological development, with a greater beneficial impact on productive outcomes at the 1400 g/ton dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Short-chain fructooligosaccharides (FOSsc), such as kestose, nystose, and fructofuranosylnystose, are oligosaccharides composed of fructose units with a terminal glucose that presents non-hydrolyzable ß-type linkages by the animal. This leads to their availability as selective substrates for the intestinal microbiota, stimulating the proliferation of beneficial bacterial genera such as Bifidobacterium spp, Lactobacillus spp, Akkermansia spp, Butyrivibrio spp, Butyricicoccus spp, and Coprococcus spp, while competitively inhibiting others like Escherichia coli. This eubiotic property has turned FOSsc into a biotechnological tool of great necessity in current diets based on corn and soybean cake used in broiler chickens and commercial hens. Objective: To provide an introduction to the studies and experiences of Promitec Santander regarding the use of short-chain fructooligosaccharides as a biotechnological additive generated through enzymatic hydrolysis, on the intestinal health of broiler chickens. Methods: For this work, a process of collection, tabulation, and analysis of results from experimental and field trials conducted by Promitec Santander on the effect of FOSsc on different variables of intestinal health and their relationship with intestinal microbial communities was carried out. Results and Discussion: The use of FOSsc positively impacts intestinal health by improving the expression of brush border enzymes in different segments of the small intestine. Additionally, at the microbial community level, stimulation of lactic acid bacteria evaluated by culture techniques is observed. At the microbiota level, these compounds increase the abundance of taxa associated with short-chain fatty acid production. This has been reflected in the improvement of productive parameters such as weight gain and feed conversion in broiler chickens. Conclusion: The use of FOSsc in broiler chicken diets is proposed as a necessary tool to stimulate the development of intestinal microbial communities to stages that promote intestinal health and broiler chicken productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pig production in Colombia is a dynamic and growing industry of great importance within the country's livestock sector. Among the significant challenges of current pig farming is maintaining intestinal health throughout the various productive stages of the animals, while also being responsible for environmental and public health. The guidelines of the United Nations' One Health program encourage interdisciplinary collaboration for the care of human, animal, and environmental health in support of public health. Therefore, current pig production systems must integrate new production dynamics while maintaining productivity and profitability. Objective: To provide an introduction to the studies and experiences of Promitec Santander regarding the use of different nutraceutical additives to improve the productive health of animals with a focus on replacing food compounds with impacts on public health. Methods: For this work, a process of collection, tabulation, and analysis of results from five experimental and field trials conducted by Promitec Santander on the ability of different biotechnological additives as a Lippia origanoides essential oils to modulate intestinal health and improve productive yields in pigs during different stages of their life cycle was carried out. Results and Discussion: The use of natural biotechnologically based nutraceutical additives has shown the ability to improve productivity and animal health at different moments of the production cycle. This has allowed for pig rearing without the use of growth-promoting antibiotics in both experimental settings and commercial breeding farms, additionally resulting in reductions in mortality and the use of antibiotic treatments in animals. Conclusion: The use of these biotechnological compounds serves as an important tool for farms to adapt to new global trends while maintaining productivity and profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intestinal bacteria form a complex ecosystem and play an important role in the maintenance of host homeostasis. Serious interventions can sometimes lead to the degradation of this ecosystem, such as through disease and / or the use of antibiotics. This report aims to demonstrate the use of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (TMF) as an adjuvant therapy in two cases of chronic diarrhea refractory to conventional therapy in two canines under one year old. After having presented hemorrhagic gastroenteritis secondary to parvovirus, despite clinical improvement and discharge, both remained with soft stools and difficulty in gaining weight. Were treated with four antimicrobials without improvement, diarrhea ceased after treatments with TMF. It is concluded that, as in other species, TMF may have assisted in the resolution of clinical signs of the patient and may be used as adjuvant in conventional supportive therapy in the treatment of chronic diarrhea in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doenças com quadros obstrutivos, inflamatórios, parasitários e neoplásicos estão entre as patologias gastrointestinais que acometem cães e gatos, contudo, somente as manifestações clínicas, muitas vezes são insuficientes e subjetivas, e podem não contribuir para diferenciar lesões intestinais inflamatórias de neoplasias intestinais, sendo o exame ultrassonográfico a modalidade de diagnóstico mais eficiente e menos invasiva para detecção de tumores gastrointestinais em cães e gatos. Além disso, a ultrassonografia pode auxiliar a biópsia do segmento acometido, que pode ser realizada também por endoscopia ou ocasionalmente por laparotomia exploratória para obtenção do diagnóstico definitivo. O objetivo deste relato é salientar a importante contribuição do exame ultrassonográfico para o auxílio diagnóstico de neoplasias intestinais em cães e gatos, descrevendo um caso de neoformação duodenal (leiomioma) em um paciente da espécie canina.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance and intestinal biometry of Japanese quails fed levels of corn distillery dry grain (DDG) in the rearing phase. A total of 660 Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replications, with 22 quails per experimental unit during 20 days of experimentation. The treatments used were diet with 0% (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20% of corn DDG inclusion. The variables evaluated were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and intestinal biometry. Data were analyzed using the linear and quadratic regression model at 5% probability and Dunnett's test at 5% probability. The use of corn DDG showed a difference (P<0.05) for feed intake, and the inclusion level of 9.51% of DDG maximized this parameter. There were no differences (P>0.05) for weight gain and feed conversion. For intestinal biometry there was difference (P<0.05) only for jejunum and ileum length. In conclusion, it is recommended to include corn DDG in diets of Japanese quails in the rearing phase up to 10.1% without causing damage to performance parameters and intestinal biometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Compagnia is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO Xenarthras (Mammalia, Dasypodidae) das espécies Dasypus novemcinctus e Euphractus sexcinctus tiveram sua anatomia científica estudada em relação à topografia dos intestinos delgado e grosso, suas relações peritoniais, morfologia externa e irrigação. Medidas dos diferentes segmentos intestinais e do número de vasos a eles destinados foram tomadas para fins comparativos. O método previu: fixação (formol 7%); injeção de látex; dissecação e fotodocumentação. Espacialmente, embora os intestinos sejam fixados por dupla membrana peritoneal, como em outros vertebrados, nestes a serosa conectou o duodeno, o jejuno, o íleo e os cólons em um único ligamento fixado no dorso do animal. Duodeno e pâncreas, intraperitoniais, como o reto, fixaram-se nas pelves maior e menor, respectivamente e dorsalmente. Vasos derivados do tronco celíaco mesentérico e da aorta percorreram o interior do mesoduodeno, do mesentério comum, do mesocólon e do mesorreto, estando estes, ao longo de seus trajetos, relacionados às cadeias linfonodulares intestinais. O modelo de rotação peritoneal, a morfologia externa, bem como o modelo de vascularização intestinal, foram interpretados como basais, diferindo dos vertebrados recentes, conforme o suporte literário.

Los probióticos en acuicultura son conocidos por sus efectos benéficos sobre el tracto digestivo y el sistema inmune de los hospederos; sin embargo, muy poco se conoce sobre su aplicación en Dormitator latifrons, una especie con gran potencial acuícola. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de dos probióticos comerciales sobre la ganancia en peso, parámetros sanguíneos y cambios histológicos en el tejido intestinal del Dormitator latifrons. Se implementó un diseño experimental aleatorio conformado por un control y dos tratamientos, con tres réplicas cada uno, y una duración de 22 días. Todos los organismos (n= 45), con un peso inicial promedio de 20,8 ± 7,5 g, fueron alimentados con concentrado comercial para tilapia al 35% de proteína a una tasa del 3% de biomasa. A los tratamientos 1 (T1) y 2 (T2) se les adicionó probióticos en concentraciones de 2 X 109 UFC/g y 6 X 109 UFC/g, respectivamente, administrado en el alimento. Se registraron diariamente los parámetros de calidad del agua (temperatura, salinidad, pH y oxígeno) y se contabilizaron los organismos muertos en cada unidad experimental. Al final del experimento, a cada organismo se le determinaron los parámetros sanguíneos (hematocrito (%), hemoglobina (g/dL) y conteo diferencial), y cinco peces de cada tratamiento fueron sacrificados para la muestra de tejido intestinal, que fueron fijadas en formalina neutra al 10% para análisis histológicos. A pesar de no observarse diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos (p> 0,05), se observó una clara tendencia de que el T1 presenta mejores resultados en cuanto al crecimiento, ganancia en peso y supervivencia (60%) y en los parámetros sanguíneos e histológicos respecto al largo de las vellosidades. Aunque son preliminares, los resultados son alentadores en cuanto a las ventajas del uso de probióticos comerciales en chames para mejorar su cultivo.

Presentado en sesión de 12 de noviembre de 1958

Presentado en sesión de 12 de noviembre de 1952

Presentado en sesión de 9 de agosto de 1950

Presentado en sesión de 26 de setiembre de 1951

A intussuscepção é a invaginação de um segmento intestinal em outro adjacente, causada por alterações da motilidade. A ancilostomose é uma infecção parasitária de intestino delgado, que acomete animais de todas as idades, principalmente cães jovens. Ambas afecções possuem sinais clínicos inespecíficos, porém muito semelhantes, como anemia, anorexia, dispneia, letargia, perda de peso êmese, diarreia sanguinolenta, distensão, dor abdominal e prolapso retal. O tratamento preconizado para intussuscepção se dá através da laparotomia exploratória seguida da redução manual ou da ressecção e anastomose intestinal, e para ancilostomose preconiza-se o uso de anti-helmínticos e terapia suporte, quando necessário. Relata-se um caso de intussuscepção secundária a infecção por Ancylostoma spp. em um cão com diarreia crônica, reduzida através de técnica cirúrgica. Sendo abordado aspectos de diagnóstico, tratamento e complicações terapêuticas. Em que pese, é importante salientar que a ancilostomíase pode causar intussuscepção e que o médico veterinário deve estar a par do diagnóstico, do ciclo do parasita, das técnicas de prevenção ambiental e do tratamento clínico e cirúrgico.

El microbioma humano se refiere al conjunto de microorganismos que residen en el cuerpo, mientras que la microbiota se refiere a la comunidad ecológica de un nicho o sistema específico. Su transmisión puede ocurrir de forma vertical, desde los padres a la descendencia, y de manera horizontal por las interacciones sociales y la cohabitación; además puede variar por condiciones propias del individuo. Se considera que la microbiota intestinal tiene influencia en varios procesos cerebrales, a través del ahora conocido eje intestino-cerebro (EIC). Este se conforma por el tracto gastrointestinal (TGI), el sistema nervioso entérico (SNE) y el cerebro. Al establecer una simbiosis con la microbiota, el huésped puede depender de la misma para funciones como mielinización, neurogénesis, activación microglial y modulación del entorno. Sin embargo, de forma colateral la composición y la diversidad de la microbiota pueden afectar el comportamiento e influir en procesos como el estrés, la ansiedad y la cognición y otros desórdenes neurológicos específicos.

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Reddito is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Reddito is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Reddito is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Reddito is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 56 a os de edad con diagnóstico definitivo de melanoma intestinal, ya que la patología es infrecuente siendo el 1-2% de las neoplasias colorrectales y el 0,2-3% de todos los melanomas. Los melanomas m s comunes en el tracto gastrointestinal son los metastásicos, es por eso que hay autores que han planteado hipótesis etiológicas sobre el melanoma primario del tracto gastrointestinal.

In order to investigate the effect of different levels of lavender essential oil and bacitracin methylene disalicylate antibiotics on performance, carcass traits, some blood parameters, small intestinal tissue morphology and intestinal microbial population in Japanese quails, a study was performed on 400 pieces of Japanese quail per day. The treatments included the group consuming the basic diet without any additives as (control) and the antibiotic bacitracin (0.25g.kg) and 3 levels (150, 200 and 250 ppm) of lavender essential oil per kg of feed in form of completely randomized design with 4 replications and 20 birds (male and female) quail per each replication. In this experiment the daily weight gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, final live weight, relative carcass weight, breast, thigh, gingival, liver, some blood parameters, intestinal tissue morphology and small intestinal microbial population were examined. The results showed that the use of lavender essential oil and bacitracin antibiotics increased the daily feed intake of quails. The results of different weeks of the experimental period showed an increase in daily weight in quails consuming lavender essential oil and antibiotics compared to the control group. In addition, in general, the feed conversion ratio using essential oils and antibiotics decreased compared to the control group during different breeding periods. The results show a slight decrease in the relative percentage of body weight, liver and an increase in the weight percentage of empty breasts, thighs and carcasses of the studied quails under the influence of lavender essential oils and antibiotics. The Serum albumin levels of quails increased significantly under the influence of experimental diet (P=0.05). The highest serum globulin level was affected by the use of lavender essential oil with antibiotics at the level of 250 ppm (P=0.05). The results also showed that the serum level of HDL increased under the influence of essential oil in the diet (P=0.05). Additionally the serum triglyceride and LDL levels decreased due to lavender essential oil consumption (P=0.05). Intestinal tissue morphology showed that there was no statistically significant difference in changes in width, length, height and intestinal mucosal muscle in the studied quails. The Ecoli colonies decreased and the number of Lactobacillus bacterial colonies increased (P=0.05). In general, the results obtained from this study showed the usefulness of using lavender by-products and antibiotics of bacitracin on performance, some carcass traits and blood and morphological parameters of intestinal tissue in experimental quails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Reddito is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Com o progresso da medicina veterinária, ocorreu um prolongamento da vida dos animais domésticos, crescendo também a ocorrência de doenças crônicas como, por exemplo, o aparecimento do câncer. É unânime na literatura médica veterinária a importância da avaliação completa do paciente para a resolução do diagnóstico, prognóstico e terapia dos animais portadores de neoplasias. O histórico e os achados físicos consistem da localização anatômica e dos órgãos acometidos. Os sinais clínicos geralmente são inespecíficos. Anorexia/hiporexia, perda de peso e emaciação são sinais comuns às várias formas de surgimento do linfoma. O diagnóstico definitivo é efetivado pela análise citológica e/ou histopatológica dos tecidos acometidos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar um caso de um cão da raça Labrador Retriver de 8 anos de idade que se apresentava diarreico com emagrecimento progressivo, inapetência e vômito. Na palpação era notável uma consistência dura de aproximadamente 3 cm. Foi indicado exames complementares como radiografia, ultrassonografia abdominal e hemograma completo. Confirmando a presença de uma massa neoplásica na região abdominal; porém, não se soube ao certo em que órgão se localizava com suspeita de que estaria presente no baço. O cão foi encaminhado para uma cirurgia de laparotomia exploratória com possível esplenectomia. Foi observado que cerca de 75 a 80% do intestino estava acometido por lesões neoplásicas. Diversos fragmentos foram encaminhados para a histopatologia. O resultado da histopalogia concluiu um linfosarcoma de caráter maligno, apresentando metástase no pâncreas.

Se hizo un estudio descriptivo, transversal, donde se examinó la contaminación enteroparasitaria de 300 billetes de las seis denominaciones que circulan en el eje urbano Barquisimeto-Cabudare (2,5,10,20,50 y 100 BsF), a través del lavado de cada uno, con 100 ml de agua con Tween 20 al 20%, por 5 minutos cada lado y con la ayuda de un cepillo estéril, este volumen era colocado en dos tubos de centrífuga de plástico (limpios), se dejaban decantar durante dos horas, para posteriormente centrifugarlos a 3000 rpm, por 10 minutos, para observar el sedimento (pellet) en directo con solución salina y lugol con aumento de 100X y 400X. Consiguiéndose una abundancia de enteroparásitos en billetes contaminados del 29% (87/300), con una diversidad de cuatro taxones. Blastocystis sp.(68 de 87contaminados), Endolimax nana (16/87,), Giardia sp. (2/87) y Entamoeba coli (1/87); los billetes de menos denominación estuvieron más contaminados que los de mayor denominación y el 96,6% de los billetescontaminados fueron sucios, mientras que solo el 3,4% de los contaminados eran billeteslimpioso nuevos. No se observaron huevos de helmintos. Se concluye que los billetes en esta zona son un elemento importante (fómites) en la transmisión directa de protozoarios intestinales de una persona a otra.

Exercising is one of the greatest benefits for the health. However, at a systemic level it can be harmful depending on the intensity degree with which the athletes practice. The high-resistance training involves exhaustive training that can result in gastrointestinal symptoms and systemic manifestations occur such as the triggering of the inflammatory process, progression of oxidative stress and gut microbiota modification. Currently, athletes consume commercial products to counteract these effects. However, there are natural therapeutic alternatives such as the consumption of sources rich in dietary fiber and polyphenols. The use of these sources can improve the symptoms presented by reducing systemic oxidative processes, improving intestinal protection and increasing sports performance. This review it focuses on the systemic mechanisms modifiable by the high-resistance training and the consumption of natural sources as fiber and polyphenolic compounds a therapeutic alternative to reduce intestinal symptoms and negative systemic processes in the athlete and favor naturally their gut health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We constructed a scoping review of alimentary tract duplications in cats to overview its occurrence. Inclusion criteria were determined by reviewing case reports on histologically confirmed gastrointestinal duplications, including one case description of a cat diagnosed with a duodenal duplication cyst at our institution. Thirteen gastrointestinal duplication cases were analyzed, being that one animal had a bi-focal duplication, totalizing fourteen duplications. Variables considered were age, sex, breed, presenting features, anatomic location, morphology, presence of luminal communication, malignant transformation, and recurrence. About 62% (n= 8/13) of cats affected were between 4 months to 2 years old. No sex predisposition was observed and breed and presenting features were variable. Duodenal duplications corresponded to 36% (n= 5/14). Cystic duplications with no lumen communication accounted for 93% (n= 13/14). One duplication was neoplastic and recurrence rate of gastrointestinal duplications amongst cats was 15% (n= 2/13). Progression to obstruction, bleeding and malignant transformation have been described in humans and cats due to gastrointestinal duplications. Considering the importance and the diagnostic challenge of this affection, we concluded that the small animal practitioner should not overlook alimentary tract duplications in the differential diagnosis of young cats with chronic vomiting and cystic intestinal masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ornamental Angel fish (Pterophyllum scalare) is one of the main commercialized species from South America, with an important number of national and international dealers. Objective: To make a histological and morphometric description of P. scalare digestive tract. Methods: Nineteen adult individuals were used. Intestinal coefficient values were obtained, and a macroscopic and microscopic description of esophagus, stomach, and intestine (anterior, middle and posterior) was carried out. Samples were processed for paraffin embedding, and 5 µm sections were stained with H&E and P.A.S. Positive P.A.S. cells were counted. Lumen area and tissue area were measured in representative digitalized sections from each region. Results: P. scalare exhibited a short esophagus, followed by a blind bag shaped, scarcely muscular stomach, and a short intestine (intestinal coefficient 1.66 +/- 0.52). Four constitutive tissue layers were identified: mucosa, submucosa, muscular and in some areas also a serosa layer. Esophagus exhibit abundant globet P.A.S. + cells and shows the larger tisular area was observed. Luminal area and perimeter are larger in anterior intestinal region. Conclusions: the intestinal coefficient value (1.66 +/- 0.52), and the histological and morphometric characteristics of the evaluated organs, suggest that P. scalare is omnivorous with soft prey preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays various kinds of functional foods, including probiotics and prebiotics, are tested for immunological modulation or activation of the gastrointestinal functions in rodent models as the first-step experiment towards the human study. Generally, these foodstuffs are expected to influence the host functions through the compounds metabolized by the intestinal microbes or the microbes themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the importance of the Golden kingklip (Genypterus blacodes) as an alternative to the production of salmonid species for worldwide diversification of aquaculture this study researched the morpho-histology of the digestive canal, providing a uniform nomenclature and basic information to support their nutritional management in captive conditions. The objective was to describe the normal morphology of the digestive canal. Twelve wild specimens were collected and dissected. Samples of the esophagus, stomach, liver, pyloric blind and intestines were obtained. An anatomical and histological description was performed. The digestive canal presented a short tubular esophagus, a slightly dilated, J-shaped stomach and thick walls. The stomach had a cardiac region that ended in a pyloric sphincter from which the intestine of thin walls. The intestine presented an anterior, middle and posterior segment. The anterior region of the first segment of the middle intestine presented 4-5 pairs of pyloric cecum. The middle intestine represented approximately 30 % of the total length of the digestive canal, with a smaller diameter compared to the first segment. The posterior intestine was separated from the middle intestine by a thick and powerful sphincter. The liver was large and elongated, and located in the peritoneal cavity located to the left plane and ventral to the swim bladder. The gallbladder was located lateral to the hepatic anterior wolf. The bile duct led to the duodenal region of the anterior intestine. Ventrally, the rectum ended in the anus, located in front of the anal fin. In general, the histological structures were variable according to the segment studied, a mucous tunic was recognized that presented a simple columnar epithelium, a lamina propria composed of loose connective tissue, a muscular layer of the mucosa composed of smooth muscle tissue and a submucosal layer composed of loose connective tissue, a circular and longitudinal stratum of muscular tunic, which had striated musculature and an adventitial tunic composed of a simple squamous epithelium. In conclusion, Golden kingklip (Genypterus blacodes) presents a digestive system typical of a carnivorous benthic fish adapted to feed on fish and crustaceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]