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INTRODUCTION[|]In this study, it was aimed to draw attention to the challenges experienced in the regulation of custody / personal relationship, the effects on the child and the importance of multidisciplinary work in expert assessment of controversial divorce cases.[¤]METHODS[|]The records of 90 judicial files sent to our clinic between January 2014 and January 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression were used to evaluate the collected data, and categorical data were shown as numbers (n) and percentages (%). [¤]RESULTS[|]According to the results of the research, only 34.4% of the children was found to be in regular contact with both parents, 15.5% of the children had an alienation syndrome to one of the parents, 26.6% of the parents claimed that their child has been abused during this process and they wanted to restrict the relationship with the other parent. It was found that expert opinions about custody were mostly given in favor of the mother. [¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]The custody / personal relationship decision that will be made for the child to survive the divorce process and the aftermath with the least harm is of great importance. While making decisions in the divorce process, it will be in the child's best interest to provide counseling and mediation services in order to ensure healthy cooperation between parents and cooperation of different occupational groups assessing the process according to objective and scientific criteria. [¤]

INTRODUCTION[|]Parental cancers may have adverse effects on children and adolescents. The majority of studies on this subject have been performed in Western societies, and few have investigated quality of life in children. The purpose of this study was to investigate quality of life, anxiety and depressive symptoms in children living with parental cancer. [¤]METHODS[|]The case group consisted of 50 children, aged 8–16 years old, with a parent diagnosed with cancer. A group of 50 children, aged and gender matched, with healthy parents was included as the control group. All subjects were administered the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCAD-S) to assess the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Parents completed the Questionnaire for Quality of Life Assessment for Children and Adolescents: Parent Form to determine the child's quality of life. [¤]RESULTS[|]Depression (p=0.011) and anxiety (p=0.011) scores were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. Among the anxiety disorder symptoms, symptoms of separation anxiety were more common in case group (p=0.032). Compared to the control group, the case group reported a significantly lower quality of life (p=0.045). [¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Children of parents with cancer may suffer from anxiety and depression that may reduce their quality of life. Clinicians should collaborate with relevant disciplines and have a family-based, multidimensional view when evaluating patients with cancer who have children. Consulting or refering to child psychiatry may be considered when emotional and/or behavioral problems present in children. [¤]

INTRODUCTION[|]The purpose of this study was to examine gender and age-specific differences in abuse experience and psychopathologies in sexually abused children and adolescents. Furthermore, it was aimed to determine the predictive factors for psychopathology.[¤]METHODS[|]The study included children and adolescents who were evaluated for sexual abuse at the child and adolescent psychiatry clinic between 2001-2009. Of the 402 victims, 3 to 18 years, 78.1% were girls, and 21.9% were boys. Sociodemographic and sexual abuse characteristics, trait anxiety/depression scores, and psychiatric diagnoses have retrospectively evaluated.[¤]RESULTS[|]The familiar abuser was significantly higher in girls, whereas the stranger abuser was significantly higher in boys. The abuse incident mostly occurred in the home environment in girls and the open fields in boys. The frequency of mental disorders did not differ between genders and age-groups. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder was higher in the presence of coercion (physical violence/use of force/threat) and in the 7-11 age group. In girls and also the 15-18 age group had a higher prevalence rate of Major Depressive Disorder, which was also found to be related to intra-familial abuse, the presence of coercion and repeated abuse. The increase in trait anxiety/depression scale scores and the presence of coercion increased the risk of psychiatric diagnosis in the post-abuse period.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Childhood sexual abuse occurs in different ways, both contextually and qualitatively, for both sexes and age groups. Therefore, when planning preventive interventions, differences in gender and developmental period-specific abuse experiences should be considered. Our results showed that internalization symptoms and additional traumatic experiences were more important in the development of psychopathology than the abuse itself. The assumption that one gender or any developmental period is more vulnerable to psychopathology may not have a robust empirical basis. On the other hand, psychiatric disorder-specific differences regarding gender/developmental periods/abuse-characteristics will guide the provision of appropriate treatment services. [¤]

INTRODUCTION[|]The aim of our study is to determine the frequeny of depression/anxiety, suicidal behaviour and sleep problems in the first and sixth year medical students and to compare the both groups in terms of specified parametres and evaluate the possible change during the course. [¤]METHODS[|]This cross-sectional study included 205 first year and 81 sixth year medical students between January 2020 and March 2020 at Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine. Data were collected using self-report questionnaire consist of sociodemographic data form, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index.[¤]RESULTS[|]While there was no significant difference in anxiety scores, depression scores of sixth year students were significantly higher. Among all students, the percentage of higher cut off depression and anxiety scores were 40% and 36%, respectively. Suicidal ideation and suicide plan were significantly higher in students with high depression score. Use of sleep medication and daytime dysfunction scores were higher in the sixth year. During the last year among all students, 3.5% (n = 10) had self-harm behavior, 9.2% (n = 26) had serious suicidal thoughts, 9.5% (n=27) had suicide plans and 1.1% (n = 3) of students had suicide attempt. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of self-harm behavior, suicidal ideation, suicide plan and suicide attempt.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Our findings suggest that medical school students is at risk for mood disorders, suicide and sleep problems. This risk, which is higher than the general population, appears to increase in the later years of education. Medical students who have depression, anxiety, and sleep problems will have negative consequences for both their career and daily life if they do not get the appropriate help. Medical schools should offer psychiatric support units, where confidentiality and confidence borders are well established, for the screening of mental problems carefully and appropriate intervention.[¤]

ntellectual disability is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Antipsychotic drugs, mood stabilizers drugs are often used in this group for behavioral problems. Tremor as a symptom can develop due to the use of both valproic acid and aripiprazole which is usually manifested as symmetrical.When valproate and ari-piprazole are administered together, there may be some change in plasma concentrations of aripiprazole and its metabolite but this change is thought to be related to the displacement in plasma proteins thus effect of both drugs on changes to steady state levels is very small and not clinically significant We report the case of a 15-year-old girl is that asymmetric tremor, which occurs after valproic acid is added to treatment while using aripiprazole, and the disappearance of asymmetric tremor after reducing the dose of aripiprazole. Entellektüel yetiyitimi yaygın görülen bir nörogelişimsel bozukluktur. bu grupta çocuklar meydana gelen davranış problemlerinin tedavisinde antipsikotik ilaçlar, duygu durum dengeleyiciler sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Tremor, hem valproik asit hem de aripiprazol kullanımı nedeniyle gelişebilir ve genelikle simetrik olması beklenmektedir. Valproat ve aripiprazol birlikte uygulandığında, aripipra?zol ve metabolitinin plazma konsantrasyonlarında bazı değişiklikler olabilir, ancak bu değişikliğin plazma pro?teinlerindeki yer değiştirmeyle ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir, bu nedenle her iki ilacın kararlı durum seviyelerindeki değişiklikler üzerindeki etkisi çok küçüktür ve klinik olarak önemsiz kabul edilmektedir. bu vaka sunumunda aripiprazol kullanırken tedaviye valproik asit eklenmesi sonrası asitmetrik tremor gelişen sonrasında aripiprazolun dozu azaltığında asitmetrik tremoru kesilen 15 yaşındaki kız olgu sunulmuştur. WOS:000656443800015 2-s2.0-85103493935

INTRODUCTION[|]The purpose of this study is to compare knowledge and attitude towards ECT. For this purpose, we compared first, second and fifth-grade students of medical faculty and students of psychology MSc with thesis.[¤]METHODS[|]In first part, 480 students participated in the pretest process. After that, 212 first and second-grade students had a training named ECT information module. 2 weeks later, these 212 participants were subjected to a posttest of their knowledge and attitudes towards ECT.[¤]RESULTS[|]The pre-test results showed that the knowledge level of the participants about the ECT increased compatibly with their grade level. Additionally, while ECT knowledge level of clinical psychology students was higher than that of medical students, their attitudes towards ECT were more negative. An ECT semi-structured info module was presented to the experiment group. According to the results of ANOVA analysis, the level of knowledge about ECT increased equally among psychology and medical students. [¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Pretest results revealed that students in higher grades have higher knowledge levels. However, when the departments were compared by grade levels, psychology students are found to have a much higher knowledge level than medical students, yet they have more negative attitudes. This result shows that although ECT knowledge level rises, attitudes do not always rise. [¤]

Capgras syndrome (CS) is a rare type of schizophrenia characterized by delusions that the patient is often replaced by their parents, relatives and sometimes even their identical twins. It is very rare in childhood. It has been reported that Capgras syndrome is frequently seen in schizophrenic cases, especially in paranoid schiphrenia and it can be observed in depression an mania. Although there is no single reason, biological and psychological factors are thought to play a role in its atiopathogenesis. While psychodynamic explanations were brought to the syndrome in may cases related to pscyhological factors, biological factors were reported to have widespread and localized brain lesions. Although this phenomenon is thought to play a role in psychological factors,detailed neuropsychiatric evaluations and axaminations should be carried out considering that an organic cause may also exist. In this case report, we aimed to discuss the case and treatment process of an adolescent Capgras Syndrome, which is accompanied by paranoid and persecutory delusions, who thinks that his parents are not real parents in the follow-up complaints of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Diseases.

Millennials (Generation Y) and the Generation Z population comprise the majority of occupational therapy student cohorts and new graduates entering the workforce. While fieldwork education has historically prepared students for generalist, entry-level practice, there is still a gap between what students versus employers feel are career-ready skills and qualities to be successful in the workforce. This manuscript presents evidenced-based strategies for educators, occupational therapists, and managers to enhance the preparation and professional development of occupational therapy students and new graduates. Use of coaching philosophies, emphasizing practice-ready skills, and a growth mindset are methods to target the strengths of Generations Y and Z members and address areas of growth as they prepare to enter the workforce. Emphasizing human relationships over task completion or skill mastery helps uphold the values of millennials and the Generation Z population that they can make an impact in the workplace. Modeling practice-ready skills, explicit discussion of “soft” skills, and use of guided discovery supports these generations’ understanding of basic workplace etiquette and culture. Using a growth mindset philosophy can help foster initiative and self-awareness, which are potential areas of growth for these generations. These strategies can then promote healthy, productive collaboration in the workplace and, ultimately, enhance the client-provider relationship.

Background: Twenty to 45% of the general pediatric population experience feeding problems. When children with disabilities exhibit feeding problems, they are more likely to develop maladaptive mealtime behaviors that may lead to poor nutrition. Home training to help treat a child’s feeding delay or disorder is a vital component of feeding treatment and supports holistic, family-centered treatment models. It is important for occupational therapists working with this population to understand the impact of these behaviors on individual and family functioning. Method: This quantitative study examined caregivers’ perspectives of the training families receive to support their child’s feeding delay or disorder, and how family mealtimes may be affected. One hundred and eight participants completed an online survey using primarily Likert scale questions. Results: Caregivers report that (a) they are receiving current and evidenced-based interventions; (b) they feel supported, yet feel they need more support; (c) family relationships are adversely affected by a child’s feeding challenges; (d) caregivers desire to connect with other caregivers of children with feeding delays or disorders; and (e) they need stress management and coping strategies. Conclusion: Feeding treatment is strengthened with more family-focused topics like family relationships and interactions, caregiver burden and stress management, and increased caregiver support.

Background: Millennials, born between 1982­ and 2000, became the largest share of the American workforce in 2015. As of 2014, 23.9% of American occupational therapists were under the age of 30. Positive traits ascribed to millennials include: highly educated, ambitious, confident, and optimistic. However, indicators of challenges for managing millennials emerge from media and anecdotal evidence, including stereotypes of disloyalty, entitlement, dependency, and casualness. Relevant for supporting professional development is a call to understand and enhance professional communication. Method: This study analyzed how emerging millennial occupational therapists self-describe their professional communication profile and needs, compared to the perspective of managers, while aiming to describe the accuracy of communication stereotypes. Occupational therapy managers and emerging occupational therapists of the millennial generation completed an online researcher-created survey. Results: Comparison of means revealed statistically significant differences, with the most significance noted on items reflecting professional communication skills of millennial occupational therapists. Conclusion: Analysis of results suggested support for some stereotypes and inaccuracy of others, painting a unique picture of the professional communication profile of millennial occupational therapists. Results from this small-population survey study may inform professional development opportunities for academic and fieldwork educators and occupational therapy managers related to the communication profile and needs of emerging occupational therapists through the lens of generational theory.

INTRODUCTION[|]Objective: This study aims to investigate the temperament features, alexithymia and impulsivity levels of patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); which manifests itself with menstrual irregularity, chronic anovulation, hirsutism, infertility and hyperandrogenism. [¤]METHODS[|]Method: The study included 105 female patients who applied to Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic and diagnosed PCOS based on Rotterdam criteria. 100 healthy controls were also included in the study matched for the demographic data. All participants were evaluated using the sociodemographic data form, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis Pisa Parisand San Diego Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A) and Ferriman-Gallwey Scale (mFG). [¤]RESULTS[|]Results: The mean age of the patients was 23.94+-4.64 and the control group was 24.54+-6.77. There was no statistical difference between the average age, marital status and education level of the participants. There was no difference between the groups in terms of HADS anxiety and depression scores (p>0.05). The emotional recognition sub-dimension and total alexithymia levels were higher for the TAÖ-20 than the healthy controls (p values

Background: Maintaining a balanced and diverse daily routine is one way to ease adolescents’ transition to adulthood. The absence of tools that assess adolescents’ daily routines led to developing the Daily Activities for Youth Opportunity (DAY-Opp) Questionnaire. This research describes the development, reliability, and validity of DAY-Opp as a clinical assessment tool of adolescents’ frequency, independence, and satisfaction with daily activities. Method: The sample of 117 typically developing adolescents (59 girls and 58 boys aged 11–19 years) divided into three age groups and completed the Hebrew version of the DAY-Opp. We statistically analyzed discriminant, concurrent, and predictive validity with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: As the participants’ age rose, their activity frequency decreased, independence increased, and satisfaction from daily performance remained unchanged. Sleep habits and self-efficacy predicted the frequency, independence, and satisfaction in various daily routines. Conclusions: The DAY-Opp may enable occupational therapists to map and discuss with adolescents their strengths and challenges in daily routines and, thus, improve their occupational performance, satisfaction, and well-being.

INTRODUCTION[|]Patients with obesity have more restrictive eating behavior than those of normal weight, and are thought to cause depressive symptoms by leading to avoidant coping strategies. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the mediating role of eating, shape and weight concern the relationship between restricted eating and depression in individuals applying to bariatric surgery.[¤]METHODS[|]The study sample was composed of patients with morbid obesity who applied to Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine for bariatric surgery between 2016-2018. The sociodemographic data form, Beck Depression Scale and Eating Disorder Rating Scale were filled by the participants. The degree of representation of the observed variables to implicit variables was evaluated by the confirmatory measurement model. Then, the relationship pattern between variables was examined with the structural model test. Multiple fit indices were used in the confirmatory measurement model and the structural equation model.[¤]RESULTS[|]The study group consisted of 224 participants (mean age 37.6 +- 12.9). The average BMI of the participants is 45.5 +- 5.9. Three implicit variables were created, namely depression, anxiety, and limited eating. After confirming the measurement model, the mediating role of anxiety between depression and limited eating behavior was examined by path analysis. When the variance relations between the variables were examined, it was seen that restricted eating explained 76% of the variance in anxiety and 25% of the variance in depression.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Treating obesity from a psychiatric perspective, adopting an approach that takes into account the anxiety about eating, body weight and body image may increase the success of the treatment. A decrease in related anxiety can lead to reduced eating and depression levels.[¤]

The current pandemic was immediately characterized as an “extra-ordinary” (out of the ordinary) emergency in which everyone, in their own way, tried to find and bring out their own available resources. In this state of emergency, technology has assumed considerable importance: the only one capable of reducing, in every context and situation, the enormous distances unpredictably imposed. The total lockdown of the nation has contributed, in fact, to highlight the importance of technological support in reaching people. Starting from this reflection, Psicologi per i Popoli –Trentino ODV put forward the proposal to integrate tech-nology into the daily working life of the emergency psychologist, starting from the idea that this can be a fundamental support in a time when there is no possibility of proximity and its important implications in the therapeutic relationship. “The virtual channel, although often limiting as it lacks some communicative dimensions and body language, is the one that today allows us to continue to promote the dimension of care, speech, relationship and prevent the worsening of pre-existing psychopathological situations, so how to provide an initial response and support to those who feel the need” (Di Giuseppe and Lauro, 2020).This contribution wants to share our experience of Psicologi per i Popoli Trentino ODV, with the population, in this sense. Our work was inside a remote psychological help and support service, called Vicini anche se lontani, inserted in the #Resta a casa, passo io service, activated by the Health and Social Policies Department of the Autonomous Prov-ince of Trento, in Italy, in collaboration with the Civil Protection. The Covid-19 epidemic rep-resented the first experience of remote psychological intervention mediated by means of communication (telephone, smartphone, e-mail, instant messaging, videoconferencing platforms, etc.), thus opening new horizons and new operating methods.

Background: Emerging research supports 3D printing can provide customizable, low-cost, and replicable items for application in occupational therapy, but more research is necessary to inform occupational therapists on why and how 3D printing would be applicable and feasible in practice. Method: This study is a cost-effective analysis aimed to identify practical considerations of a selection of 3D printed items in comparison to commercially available items. Ten items of adaptive equipment were downloaded from open-sourced 3D printing design websites and printed. The estimated cost of material was calculated and each print time was recorded. Items with comparable design and function were selected from a thorough internet search for analysis and comparison to the 3D printed items. Results: The results demonstrate that each 3D printed item had a positive benefit in terms of material cost and print time compared to the cost and shipping time of each comparable item. Conclusion: The 3D printed items were the more cost-effective for all items, but most significantly for niche designs with fewer available commercial alternatives. 3D printing successfully replicated commonly used adaptive equipment for a comparable cost, while allowing for customization and the ability to provide the item in-house to clients.

INTRODUCTION[|]Since the beginning of the pandemic, social media users have been bombarded with news about the number of cases and deaths, virus origin, vaccine development process, symptoms, transmission ways, prevention and treatment methods of COVID-19. This study was planned considering that the type of news sources and verification of the news was considerable and these affect the anxiety level and COVID-19 disease control perception. It was considered that reliance on different types of social media accounts (official or unofficial), verifying social media posts with other news sources, frequency of exposure to negative COVID-19 social media contents may have effects on this state. The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of these three variables on anxiety level and COVID-19 disease control perception of participants.[¤]METHODS[|]The sample consisted of 1516 adults. An online survey was used to minimize face to face interactions and to facilitate participation during this emergency period. Participants filled out instruments for sociodemographic data, verification/trust on posts of official/unofficial social media accounts, state anxiety, COVID-19 disease control perception, frequency of exposure to positive/negative COVID-19 social media contents.[¤]RESULTS[|]It was detected that as trust in COVID-19 posts of official social media accounts increased, anxiety level decreased and COVID-19 disease control perception increased. It was observed that as exposure to negative COVID-19 social media contents increased, anxiety level increased and COVID-19 disease control perception decreased. There was no significant correlation between anxiety level and verifying the accuracy of social media posts with other news sources.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]While physical contact accelerates the spread of COVID-19 disease, it was thought that digital contact could be a tool that could decelerate individual and mass anxiety if used appropriately. It is obvious that posts that are reliable and verified will play a key role in controlling anxiety level and disease perception.[¤]

Background: Limited research has been conducted that explores the occupational experience of hearing voices, including the impact it has on romantic and/or sexual relationships. This study aims to address this gap by capturing the experience of romantic and sexual relationships for those who hear voices. Method: A phenomenological approach was used to gather data from a survey, electronic diaries, and interviews of three voice hearers who were interested or actively in a casual or serious relationship. Results: All of the participants reported that the voices in some way impacted their past or current romantic and sexual relationships. The dynamic relationship between voices and occupation could directly or indirectly impact the experience of occupation with their partner. Voices with personas were found to have varying levels of participation in occupations, with some becoming co-occupations between the participant and their voices. Support from their partner was valued, though varied by participant, with some of the participants seeking outside support from peers with shared experiences. Conclusion: This research challenges the idea of the individual having full agency during occupational performance. Because voices can actively participate during co-occupations, occupational therapists need to inquire about their voices during evaluation and include them during interventions.

Katie Edick, an occupational therapist and artist based in Portland, Michigan, provided the cover art for the Winter 2021 edition of The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy (OJOT). “Katie Bird” is a 4” x 6” watercolor painting. After receiving a diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer (MBC), Katie set out to find a new purpose and leave a legacy. She made the decision to live with intention and choose life experiences that create joy. Through engagement in meaningful occupations, such as painting and patient advocacy, Katie is creating a new normal.

INTRODUCTION[|]It is known that refugee children and adolescents are at risk in terms of susceptibility to mental illnesses. It will be important to recognize the mental problems of this disadvantaged group in an early period and to serve appropriate treatment approaches with addressing quicly the risk factors and develop necessary strategies. In our study, it was aimed to review the data of a specialized Refugee Child Mental Health Unit to provide mental health services to refugee children and adolescents.[¤]METHODS[|]Data on sociodemographic characteristics, educational status, diagnoses made according to DSM-5 classification system, follow-up processes and treatments of children and adolescents who applied to the refugee outpatient clinic between 2017-2020 were analyzed.[¤]RESULTS[|]The sample of our study consisted of 156 children and adolescents (n: 50, 32.1% girls; n: 106, 67.9% boys) with a mean age of 10.8 +- 2.9 years. It was learned that 104 of the children (66.7%) went to school, but 65.7% (n: 69) of those did not attend at school regularly. It was observed that almost half of the outpatient clinic applications (n: 68, 43.6%) did not come to the follow-up appointments given after the first interview. The most common diagnoses are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n: 42, 26.9%), posttraumatic stress disorder (n: 42, 26.9%), major depressive disorder (n: 39, 25%), and anxiety disorders (n: 36, 23.1%). It was observed that 13 (8.3%) patients applied to the outpatient clinic after exposure to sexual abuse.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]The results of our study showed that refugee children complain of many mental illnesses, and it was thought that increasing the health and education opportunities available to them and developing policies specific to our country in these areas would be protective in terms of mental health for this particular group. [¤]

Background: Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) is advocated as a meaningful outcome measure for parents and clinicians using an Ayres Sensory Integration® Intervention (ASI) approach. Although used in several treatment effectiveness studies, reliability of therapist goal writing and scoring has not been established in this area. Method: Ten occupational therapists and 40 parents of children receiving ASI participated across two clinical sites. The interview therapists and inter-rater therapists wrote GAS goals based on the same goal-setting interviews conducted with parents. Follow-up parent interviews were conducted post-ASI intervention, and the GAS goals were rated by both the interview therapists and inter-rater therapists. Results: Seventy-eight percent of interview therapist and inter-rater therapist-written goals agreed on content. Intra Class Correlation coefficient of agreement between the two sets of raters was .70 for the total score. Control of bias for establishing and rating the projected level of performance and scaled GAS goals was within an acceptable range. Conclusion: Findings contribute reliability evidence for use of GAS with children with sensory processing and integration challenges. Two therapists, from different clinical sites who were unfamiliar with the child, identified goal areas, wrote similar GAS goals based on the same parent interview, and scored goals post intervention with good inter-rater reliability.

Background: The Functioning Everyday with a Wheelchair (FEW) tool is a self-report questionnaire developed to measure consumers’ perceptions of how the features of their wheeled mobility and seating device support their ability to carry out their daily functions and routines independently, safely, and efficiently. Method: A committee of three bilingual qualified occupational therapists translated the English version into Arabic, which was verified by back translation. The final versions were administered with 26 bilingual English-Arabic speakers. The subjects were randomly assigned to answer either the English or Arabic version of the FEW questionnaire first, followed by answering the FEW questionnaire in the other language. The scores obtained were tested for agreement using the kappa statistic. Results: We found significant substantial agreement between the scores obtained from the two versions (p < 0.000). The kappa measurement of agreement was 0.755 (95% confidence interval, 0.59–0.92) Conclusion: The Arabic translation of the FEW self-report tool was generated for potential use in research and clinical practice and could be useful to wheelchair professionals who would like to use this tool for Arabic-speaking wheelchair users. Further validation of the developed Arabic version is recommended.

One of the central aspects of an emergency context is how information is shared between the different actors of that scenario, named the victims and the rescuers. However, the efficiency of a rescue intervention also depends on an effective in-terchange of information between the operators themselves. Different shades of communication thus play a pivotal role in emergency. In the present article, we present the activity carried out by the voluntary association Psicologi per i Popoli -Trentino ODV during the Covid-19 emergency, focusing in particular on the com-municative processes implemented. The following report aims to share a commu-nicative strategy in an emergency context in which the classical methodologies of intervention have to be revised in favour of a technology-based approach, a “virtual” approach. Here we summarised the entire action of psychological support as belonging to two main strategies: internal and external communication.

Background: College students with invisible disabilities, including chronic pain, often experience difficulty engaging in social occupations, both on and off campus, because of stigma, misconceptions, or social exclusion. Previous research has examined the use of academic accommodations to address these concerns or focused on the physical barriers to participation, failing to address the psychosocial and holistic impact of pain. Chronic pain can affect a variety of occupations, including social participation, which is a significant occupation for college students. This research explores the lived experience of chronic pain for college students and the impact of pain on social participation from an occupational perspective. Method: To fully understand the impact that chronic pain has on social engagement, the researchers employed a qualitative phenomenological approach using semi-structured interviews to explore the lived experiences of 15 college students with chronic pain. Results: Four main themes were identified: personality and chronic pain, stigma, the “domino effect,” and self-awareness. College students with chronic pain were able to push through the pain using coping strategies, pain management, and adaptations to promote social engagement. Conclusion: By understanding the lived experiences of college students with chronic pain, occupational therapists can engage in an open dialogue with clients about the holistic nature of their pain and collaborate with them to create strategies to curtail occupational injustice and promote engagement in meaningful social occupation.

INTRODUCTION[|]In recent years, it has been emphasized that emotion regulation is not only an internal process, but also has an interpersonal aspect that is associated with various variables. However, the relationship between interpersonal emotion regulation and personality traits has not been investigated yet. The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between interpersonal emotion regulation, personality traits, and psychopathology symptoms.[¤]METHODS[|]Three hundred ninety-one undergraduate women students recruited this study. Five Factor Personality Inventory-Short Form, Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Brief Symptoms Inventory were used as measurement tools.[¤]RESULTS[|]People with high scores of extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience and conscientiousness use others more to enhance positive emotions and to regulate their negative emotions. People with high neuroticism use others more for social modelling and to be soothed. The correlation results showed that personality traits, interpersonal emotion regulation strategies, and psychological symptoms were associated with each other. Also, multiple mediation analysis revealed that only soothing as an interpersonal emotion regulation strategy had a mediating role in the relationship between extraversion personality trait and general psychopathology symptoms.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Results showed that personality traits might affect using of interpersonal emotion regulation strategies. Some people seek out and use other people more to regulate their own emotions, which is associated with psychopathology symptoms. Extraverts easily reach others to be soothed when they feel negative emotions, and this might be protective from psychopathology. [¤]

The article Il lungo passato della psicologia dell’emergenza (The long history of emergency psychology), published in issue 19/2018 of this review, is in this edition completed with the “short history of emergency psychology in Italy”. Through a careful reading of the documents in the archives of Associazione Psicologi per i Popoli –Federazione, events and experiences that are considered evolutionary steps for the birth and development of emergency psychology in Italy are retraced.

Background: The conceptualization of reading as an occupation is an emerging area, and guides for occupational focus in reading intervention are incompletely formed. We explored our own experiences with reading and awareness of reading as a personal occupation for perspectives to inform our practice. Methods: We used autoethnography to capture our five separate experiences. These experiences were analyzed collectively for themes using the lens of occupation as framed by the model of occupational adaptation. Results: Across our experiences, occupational patterns, products, and meaning were identified. Themes in patterns of reading highlighted the challenges of the academic setting and the importance of time to reading activities. Products of reading were external, such as achievement and skill, and internal, such as positive and negative emotions and perceptions of limitations. The meaning of reading revolved primarily around emotional responses, how reading made the reader feel about the activity and about themselves, and the amount of effort required and for what benefit. Conclusions: Our reflexive examination of reading from an occupational perspective yielded key points for development of occupational approaches to reading intervention in our personal practices.

Background: The development of assessments that measure functional skills is a priority in the profession. Anticipatory awareness (i.e., the ability to anticipate the difficulties that might be experienced in daily life situations) is a critical skill in occupational performance. There is a lack of assessments measuring anticipatory awareness. The Occupational Therapy Anticipatory Awareness Test (OTAAT) is a performance-based assessment tool developed for individuals with neurological conditions. This study aimed to determine the tool’s content validity. Methods: We recruited five experts to review whether the test items are essential for assessment and calculated the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Open-ended questions allowed opportunity to provide feedback for tool revision. Results: Ten of the 14 items of the OTAAT were preserved. Eight out of the 14 items were rated as essential for measurement. Two of the 10 items were identified as useful but not essential. Following discussion, review of supporting literature, and analysis of qualitative feedback, the two emergent awareness items were kept. Four items were removed (strategy implementation and awareness of strategy use subdomains), as these were deemed not essential. Conclusion: This study determined preliminary content validity of the OTAAT. Future research should focus on establishing construct validity and test reliability.

The victim-perpetrator pair is not always well-defined, and the total exclusion of perpetrators from psychological support programs can be highly harmful: Who is the real victim of a conflict? Is it just the innocent civilian who is involved in the war, or is it also the innocent civilian who is kidnapped, given weapons, and forced to kill his own people? This article stems from the desire to deconstruct the solid-ity of the definition of victim, and from the intention of including in the canonical definition also the former combatants of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) conflict in Uganda. Following the conflict, the most common symptomatology found in for-mer perpetrators shows a predominance of PTSD cases. This study aims to dem-onstrate how EMDR therapy can be a valid psychotherapeutic approach to assist any category of war victim.The study will address the historical background and will analyze the practicability of EMDR, along with other psychological support practices, considering potential scenarios and challenges that may arise.

In this article, the authors aim at describing the field experience relating to the psycho-pedagogical support activity of the Iscol@ Project funded by the Sardinian Regional Govern-ment. Specifically, they illustrate the methodology and the operating mode used in working with children, teachers and families, following an integrated psychoeducational model which helps establish normal life during the ongoing community emergency. They also propose to describe need analysis within the school environment, which must be integrated with the analysis of the needs of families. This first aspect is a fundamental element for planning the intervention, an essential tool for promoting effective teamwork that allows all the people involved, adults and children, to enhance their resources within their own life context. The authors are inspired by the most recent theories on brain development, on the brain that learns and on well-being understood as a lived experience of pleasure that conveys all learn-ing. These theoretical assumptions were implemented in operational actions at school. They describe the different organizational and operational phases of the service offered, the role of the psycho-pedagogical team and the effectiveness of teamwork with children, teachers, and families. With practical experiences and intervention models, they show how it is possi-ble to build and implement adequate support for teachers, pupils, and parents especially in these times of “forced distancing”. Even more so in this period of difficulty and uncertainty, the psycho-pedagogical team represents a resource for the school and an element of unity within the class to help face distancing and separation quietly.

Introduction: At the level of the school population in Romania, current studies have shown an increased incidence of spinal deformities. Scoliosis is one of the controversial pathologies of the spine in that although the changes on the spine are impressive, the pain being an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience is among the last symptoms felt by the patient. The aim of the study is to evaluate, according to the visual analog scale, the incidence of back pain in children diagnosed with scoliosis. Methods: Pain assessment was performed using a visual analog scale with 5 levels of pain, applied at the beginning and end of kinetic treatment. Results: The results of the study on pain in children with scoliosis after the application of kinetic treatment show significant improvements. There was also an increase in joint mobility in the spine and a decrease in fatigue. Conclusions: The pain registered a downward evolution. Predominant were the cases with a pain level of "it hurts a little more", at the beginning of the recovery, and at the end the cases with "absence of pain" predominated. The age and level of development of the child must be taken into account when approaching the assessment and kinetic treatment. Pain assessment methods must be simple, safe and easy for subjects to understand.

Postural faults in children and adolescents represent one of the most popular yet underestimated health problems because of the subsequent complications they may produce. One of the causes that can contribute to the young organism's posture disorders are the alterations in the foot's structure and functionality, which are more and more frequently discovered. This study aimed to investigate the postural changes induced by foot deformities and/or dysfunctions in children and adolescents. The methodology involved a systematic search using Clarivate Analytics, PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar databases in order to obtain information regarding the postural changes associated with foot abnormalities; 188 articles were found after we applied the inclusion criteria, but finally, only 17 were relevant to our research. The analysis of these showed that: there is evidence for poor postural stability in the pronated and supinated foot, foot deformities are a risk factor for injuries of the lower extremity due induced postural changes, foot position can influence the pelvic alignment in children (especially, an increased anteversion of the pelvis on those with hyper pronated foot), can produce trunk asymmetries, and also can change the gait kinematics and create an excessive load on various joints of the spine and lower limb. In conclusion, is confirmed the idea that even a minor alteration in foot structure and/or functionality is followed by poor postural habits based on feedback and other advanced control mechanisms. These changes could lead to more complicated health issues.

Aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate the strength and resistance of the muscles of the abdomino-lumbo-pelvic area in women and to evaluate the effect of physical activities performed in gyms on the strength and stability of the core muscles. Hypotheses: 1. The combined physical activity program (Pilates, step-aerobics and strength training) practiced in gyms, may increase the strength and stability of the core muscles. 2. The effects of the intervention program on the strength and stability of the core muscles are manifested differently depending on the age range. Subjects and methods: This study involved 95 adult women, who practiced physical activities in two gyms in Oradea, for 12 months, between February 2015 and June 2016. To test the strength and stability of the core muscles we used the functional test "Core Muscle Strength and Stability Test". The physical activity program consisted in combined training of Pilates, Step - aerobics and strength training in the gym, 3 times a week for 60-90 minutes, for 12 months. Results: Results of the core muscle strength and stability test: at the initial assessment, 69 subjects (72.7%) were able to complete only the first stage of the test, 1 subject (1.1%)completed stage 2, 3 subjects ( 3.1%), stage 3, 4 subjects (4.2%) reached stage 4, 13 (13.6%), up to stage 5, and 5 subjects (5.3%) managed to complete the test. At the final evaluation, 20 subjects (21.1%) completed the first stage, 26 subjects (27.5%), the 3rd stage, 18 subjects (18.9%), the 5th stage, 3 subjects (3.1%), stage 6, 10 subjects (10.5%), stage 7, and 18 subjects reached stage 8 and completed the test. Conclusions: At the core muscle strength and stability test, almost all subjects improved their results: the number of subjects who received the excellent grade increased from 5 (5.3%) at the initial evaluation, to 31 (32.5%) at the final evaluation. So we can conclude that our hypothesis has been confirmed, the combined physical activity program (Pilates, step-aerobics and strength training) having a beneficial effect on the strength and stability of the core muscles.

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on psychological health is still far from being defined and understood in its entirety. However, it is important, right from the be-ginning, to look at what were the aspects that most affected the population and make a hypothesis on the consequences that they may have in the long run. Start-ing from a brief historical account of the intervention carried out in Italy during the first epidemic wave, the authors aim at highlighting the major difficulties reported by the population and collected in the field by the Federation’s operators through the telephone service operated on behalf of the Ministry of Health. The interven-tion model used will then be illustrated, and an examination of the epidemiological data and an analysis of the stressors that have had the greatest impact on the psychological health of citizens will be provided. In the end, starting from the ele-ments provided, a reflection will be proposed on the peculiar aspects of this situa-tion and on the effectiveness of the intervention strategies implemented, illustrat-ing their possible strengths and weaknesses in view of a future intervention

In this article, the authors aim to describe the Covid-19 toll-free psychological helpline activated by Azienda Regionale Ares 118 during the SARS-Cov-2 coronavi-rus emergency. The article highlights the peculiarity of Ares 118’s choice to struc-ture the service by exclusively engaging qualified psychologists belonging to La-zio’s main associations of emergency psychology, making them work in close col-laboration with the medical staff of the same toll-free number. The article is the result of what has been observed in the first three months since the activation of the service and contains, in addition to the summary of the types of requests re-ceived, the strengths and needed improvements of what can be considered an innovative and functioning model that provides concrete and useful responses to citizens during the emergency. In this article it has not been possible to process the statistical data collected, as the service is still active and the data collection is ongoing. The final considerations provide possible scenarios of integrated psychol-ogy services in the context of regional or national health systems, paving the way for what could be a constant and consolidated reality.

INTRODUCTION[|]Terrorist attacks are a form of action that negatively affect an individual's life by causing heavy social, economic, political and psychological consequences in the society. This study aimed to determine the rates of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the sixth month after the end of missile attacks that started in January 2016 in Kilis near Turkish-Syrian border due to the Syria war and lasted about six months.[¤]METHODS[|]This study contained a total of 160 participants, including 80 individuals who lived in this region in the sixth month after the end of missile attacks and were exposed to events and 80 healthy volunteers who did not live in this region during missile attacks. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Beck Depression Inventory, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Sociodemographic Information Form was administered to all participants under the guidance of a clinician.[¤]RESULTS[|]There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic factors. The rates of anxiety, depression and PTSD were found significantly higher in individuals exposed to missile attacks compared to healthy controls. There was no significant relationship between age, gender, marital status, income level and depression-PTSD. It was determined that individuals diagnosed with depression and PTSD had higher education level. In addition, the diagnosis of depression and PTSD was found to be significantly higher in individuals who previously received psychiatric treatment and who lost their relatives due to missile attacks.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]This study supports the information that individuals who are exposed to terrorist attacks have a high rate of PTSD. Large sample size and long-term studies should be done to reveal the mental consequences of such attacks. [¤]

This article presents a reflection about the emergency psychologist at Covid-19 time, where he/she is a reliever and a victim to be rescued at the same time. This reflection starts from the experiences in the call service, offered by the Psicologi per i Popoli – Trentino ODV association from 17/3/2020 to 29/05/2020. Starting from the collaboration with the l’Assessorato alle Politiche Sociali della Provincia di Trento, an analysis of local needs, and the association’s need to not expose its collaborators to the risks of contagion, we share all the activities of the associa-tion in the quarantine period: the operation of the call service, the drafting of a vademecum addressed to the various sections of the population, thus describing the activity of the emergency psychologist within this pandemic. Furthermore, the paper shifts from doing to being, presenting the emotional experiences of emer-gency psychologists during the operations: hopes, expectations, emotions, and thoughts shared with colleagues, especially during debriefings, which allowed to overcome “the challenging ford of the quarantine”. Group work and team strength are then emphasized: they have been an “opportunity of meaning” for the emer-gency psychologist within a pandemic that leads him/her to be a helper and a victim to be helped at the same time.

The Covid-19 emergency has led to a reorganisation within families, especially those where children and young people with disabilities are present. Parents have been called upon - without any specific preparation - to guide their children along the path necessary for their adaptation. The emergency psychologist has there-fore "stood by" the parents, supporting and listening to the challenges of everyday life. This support led to the creation of a vademecum to ensure that parents with children and young people with disabilities did not feel alone and continued the valuable work they had already done in their homes during the first weeks of lock-down.

INTRODUCTION[|]Recent studies indicate the role of impairment in immune regulation and inflammatory abnormality in Bipolar Disorder (BD). However, there is a limited study reported the relationship of inflammation markers such as CRP, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte lymphocyte ratio (MLR) with bipolar disorder. This study aims to compare these inflammatory markers and lipid values in different states of BD and healthy controls.[¤]METHODS[|]A retrospective observational study was carried out on a sample of patient admissions to the Department of Psychiatry of Usak University Hospital between November 1, 2017, and November 1, 2019, with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder in mania, depression, mixed episode, and remission. Data about Complete blood count, C Reactive Protein (CRP), and lipid values were retrieved from the electronic medical records of patients at Usak University Hospital. [¤]RESULTS[|]We found that patients with BD in depressive and mixed states had higher levels of CRP, and patients with BD in manic states had higher levels of MLR than other groups. There was no statistically significant difference at PLR and MPV values between groups. In terms of lipid levels, remitted bipolar patients had significantly higher Total Chol, TG, LDL, and VLDL levels than other patient groups and controls. [¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]The present study suggests a close relationship between bipolar disorder, lipid metabolism and inflammation process. CRP may serve as a possible biomarker of mixed and depressive episodes of BD, while MLR may serve as a potential state biomarker of the manic episode. Our findings also claim that patients with BD experience impairment in lipid metabolism during remission and mixed episode and that this should be taken into account in the treatment management. Future prospective studies are needed to determine the exact role of inflammation and lipid metabolism on the different states of bipolar disorders. [¤]

Clozapine remains still the gold standard agent for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. In addition to its proven efficacy on both positive and negative symptoms in refractory schizophrenia, clozapine is useful in reducing aggressive behavior, hostility, comorbid use of alcohol and drugs, as well as reducing suicidality in schizophrenia. It has significant dopaminergic, serotonergic, adrenergic, muscarinic and histaminic blocking properties; and thus most of its adverse effects can be predicted on the basis of its pharmacological profile. Despite its demonstrated efficacy in schizophrenia, the widespread use of clozapine has been limited by the potential for adverse effects. Clozapine can cause reversible neutropenia, which may progress to potentially fatal agranulocytosis. Other potentially serious adverse effects of clozapine include seizures, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy. Less serious and more common side effects of clozapine including sedation, hypersalivation, tachycardia, hypotension, hypertension, weight gain, gastrointestinal hypomotility, urinary incontinence, and fever can often be managed medically and are generally tolerated by the patient. These side effects often lead either to non-compliance or discontinuation of treatment by patients. The majority of patients did not report that the side effects affect their activities of daily living or they cause personal distress. Appropriate management of clozapine side effects facilitates the maximization of the benefits of clozapine treatment, and physicians and patients alike should be aware that there is a range of benefits to clozapine use that is wider than its risks. The aim of this article is to provide an update by focusing on the potentially life-threatening side effects of clozapine.

INTRODUCTION[|]In this study, the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and the factors affecting the duration of hospitalization in geriatric depression patients treated in a university hospital were evaluated.[¤]METHODS[|]Geriatric depression patients who were hospitalized between 2009-2019 were evaluated retrospectively. 76 geriatric depression patients were included in the study. Comparisons were made according to whether patients were resistant to treatment and the age of onset of the disease. Factors affecting the duration of hospitalization were evaluated. [¤]RESULTS[|]44 of 76 patients who participated in the study were male. Most of the patients (42/76) were admitted to the psychiatry clinic for the first time, and 20 of them were considered depressive disorder with psychotic features. ECT was applied to 10 of the patients, 28 of them had Magnetic Resonance Imaging and 23 of them had white matter hyperintensities in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. At the time of discharge, antipsychotics in 41 patients, benzodiazepines in 31 patients, and a mood stabilizer in seven patients were recommended in combination with antidepressants in 61 patients. Geriatric depressive patients who were resistant to treatment or had psychotic symptoms were hospitalized for a longer period of time. There was no difference between early and late onset geriatric depression groups in terms of gender, length of stay, psychotic feature, and treatment resistance.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]According to the findings of the study, it was determined that most of the geriatric depression patients who received inpatient treatment were admitted to the psychiatry clinic for the first time, early and late onset did not differ in response to treatment, and the fact that depressive episode had a psychotic feature or was resistant to treatment was two variables that prolonged the hospitalization period.[¤]

At a time when the covid-19 pandemic has led to uncertainty about the future, with school closures and restrictions due to lockdown, life within families has been somewhat revolutionised. In addition to concern for their own health and that of their loved ones, parents and children have had to make an enormous ef-fort, both to reorganise family routines and to manage time and space at home. Support provided by emergency psychologists focused on some psycological and relational issues, in order to encourage the maintenance and/or achievement of a global well-being of both individuals and families as a whole in this delicate histori-cal phase. Based on this general objective, three vademecums were born to sup-port parenting, childhood and adolescence.

INTRODUCTION[|]The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of Parenting and Family Adjustment Scale (PAFAS) to measure parenting skills and family adjustment in Turkish Parents.[¤]METHODS[|]The sample of our study consisted of the parents of children between the ages of 2-12. The clinical sample is from 201 mothers or fathers who were in the first 1-month evaluation process at the Dokuz Eylul University Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic; the population sample consisted of 202 mothers or fathers living in Balçova. For test-retest measurement, the test was re-administered to 58 parents in the community sample two weeks later. Psychometric properties of the scale were compared to Parenting Styles and Dimensions Scale, Marriage Life Scale and General Health Questionnaire.[¤]RESULTS[|]Internal consistency of Parenting subscale were found ''quite reliable'' and Family Adjustment subscale were found ''highly reliable''. There was no significant difference in the test-retest application of the PAFAS Turkish Form subscale and factor structures. PAFAS Turkish Form has high power to differentiate community and clinical samples; has a five-factor structure validity. It was determined that it has concurrent criterion validity with Parenting Styles and Dimensions Scale, Marriage Life Scale and General Health Questionnaire.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]In this study, it has been found that the Turkish version of PAFAS is a good valid and reliable scale for screening multiple domains of family functioning.[¤]

INTRODUCTION[|] The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a psychoeducation program on delinquent children's and adolescents' social emotional learning and emotional management skills in a regional psychiatric hospital in child-adolescent psychiatry clinics. [¤]METHODS[|] The research was carried out in pre-test, post-test, semi-experimental design model. Three instruments were used to collect data: Introductory Information Form, Social Emotional Learning Skills Scale, Emotion Management Skills Scale. A semi-structured psychoeducation program consisting of seven sessions was carried out with children-adolescents. Analyzes were made on the data of 18 children-adolescents who complete all psychoeducation sessions. In the evaluation of the research data, descriptive statistical analyzes and paired samples t-test were used. [¤]RESULTS[|]It was determined that children-adolescent average age was 14.22+-0.98 and %66.7 (n=12) were male. The psychoeducation program applied to these children and adolescents significantly increased the total and subscale point averages of the social emotional learning abilities of the child and adolescents (p

In this brief review, the author has collected from the letters of the health care workers of the NGO “Medici con l’Africa Cuamm” some images, emotions, reflec-tions on the meaning of life and death, with which doctors have come into contact through the families and communities of patients who have died in hospital in some African countries. The doctors’ testimonies are largely taken from corre-spondence published in Cuamm’s “Quattro Venti” bulletins or in training handouts

n this article, the authors aim at describing the field experience related to the telephone psychological support activity in Sardinia during the Covid-19 emer-gency. Specifically, they will illustrate the protocols and procedures used by psy-chologists according to the psychosocial model of Psicologi per i Popol (PxP).They also aim to describe the work of needs analysis, a fundamental element for intervention planning, which is an essential tool of the emergency and humanitar-ian assistance psychologist in order to promote effective listening and be able to enhance the resources of the people who call on the direct line, as well as fami-lies, according to an integrated psychosocial approach that characterizes the in-tervention of PxP.In line with the psychosocial approach as a theoretical assumption applied in op-erational interventions in emergencies, they describe the different organisational and operational phases of the service offered to the population, the role of the psychologist and the team of operators involved, the intervention methodology and the analysis of the data collected.

INTRODUCTION[|]The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of depression, anxiety, somatization symptoms, attachment dimensions and resilience with infertilitiy related stress. Our second aim was to explore the associations of depression, anxiety, somatization symptoms, attachment dimensions, resilience and infertility related stress with IVF treatment outcome.[¤]METHODS[|]88 women who were consecutively applied to the Kocaeli University Medical Faculty Hospital Assisted Reproductive Techniques Center and found eligible for IVF treatment were included in the study. Sociodemographic data form, depression, anxiety and somatization subscales of Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECR), The Resilience in Midlife Scale (RIM) and Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI) were administered to all participants before IVF treatment protocol. Participants were evaluated whether pregnancy occurred or not 3 months after the IVF treatment protocol was applied.[¤]RESULTS[|]A significant positive correlation was found between the FSE total score and the ECR anxiety (p= 0,000, r=0,314) and ECR avoidance (p= 0,000, r=0,364) scores. A negative correlation was found also between the FSE total score and RIM total score (p= 0,000, r=-0,434). It was found that BSI anxiety, depression and somatization scores, ECR anxiety and avoidance scores, RIM total and subscale scores and FSE total score averages did not differ according to IVF treatment outcome.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]The results of our study showed that the anxiety and avoidance dimensions of attachment and resilience are related to infertility stress. Anxiety, depression, somatization, infeetility related stress, attachment and resilience scores were not associated with IVF treatment outcome. The relationship between IVF treatment outcome and mental health variables should be evaluated with biological markers and longitudinal studies.[¤]

Background: While occupational therapy (OT) identifies itself as a holistic profession, there is little guidance in the literature and in academia to assist practitioners in addressing spirituality. An assignment was developed to provide a platform for occupational therapy assistant students to explicitly screen for clients’ perspectives of spiritual occupations. This paper summarizes the client responses to that assignment. Method: Occupational therapy assistant students in a Midwestern community college conducted a 5-question spirituality screening in the context of their Level I and Level II fieldwork placements. While this exercise began as a student assignment, the value of the client feedback was recognized, themes emerged, and a retrospective content analysis ensued. Results: Clients overwhelmingly identified as spiritual. Initially their associated spiritual occupations were largely religious-oriented activities. However, when questioned further, responses expanded to include nonreligious occupations that could inform occupation-based therapeutic interventions. Most clients maintained or deepened their spiritual beliefs despite their illness. Lastly, clients identified the practitioner’s therapeutic use of self as spiritually supportive, while others associated spirituality with functional goals. Conclusion: A single inquiry regarding a client’s spirituality appears insufficient to adequately guide client-centered occupation-based treatment intervention. Clinicians are encouraged to articulate OT’s distinct value related to spirituality to all clients.