87 results on '"leguminosas arbóreas"'
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2. Disponibilidad de biomasa y contenido de proteína cruda de Hyparrhenia rufa y Panicum maximun cv Tanzania asociadas con Leucaena leucocephala y Gliricidia sepium en sistema de pasturas en callejones
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Álvaro Jose González Martínez, Joel Rojas Hernández, Francisco José Chavarría-Ñamendi, and Ronaldo Martín Jiménez Gómez
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pasturas en callejones ,proteína cruda ,disponibilidad de biomasa ,composición botánica ,leguminosas arbóreas ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Se evaluó el efecto del asocio de H. rufa y P. maximun cv Tanzania con leucaena y madero negro en la disponibilidad de biomasa y contenido de proteína cruda (PC). El estudio se desarrolló en la finca Santa María, La Chocolata, Rivas. El área fue de 2 579,2 m2 dividida en dos parcelas con: tres hileras dobles de madero negro y dos de leucaena con una distancia de 7 m entre callejón, 1 m entre surco y 0,5 m entre plantas. La evaluación se realizó entre 2009 y 2010 con siete ciclos de pastoreo y frecuencia de 48 a 53 días de descanso. La disponibilidad y composición botánica se realizó con la técnica de doble muestreo BOTANAL un día antes del pastoreo. Se definió escalas del 1 al 5 con base al porcentaje de cobertura, altura, relación tallo-hoja (pasto); diámetro de copa, altura y número de rebrotes (leguminosa). Se cortó el pasto a 20 cm y a 80 cm las leguminosas. Para la materia seca se tomó una muestra de 200 g y se secó por 72 h a 60°C. Se realizó un ANOVA para medidas repetidas y una regresión lineal. Se encontró que H. rufa tiene mayor altura en macolla con 95,4 cm superando en más del 11% a Tanzania, no obstante este último superó en diámetro de macolla en más del 16% a H. rufa. Tanzania contiene 24% más de biomas que H. rufa y con el aporte de biomasa de la leguminosa esta diferencia es del 22.2%. Leucaena supera en 90% y 22% en disponibilidad de biomasa a madero en ambas pasturas. En el contenido de PC, Tanzania es superior 34% y 2,3% en la parte comestible y no comestible respectivamente. De igual manera leucaena superó 13 y 18 % a madero negro en las dos pasturas.
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- 2017
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3. Adoption of leucaena-based feeding systems in Sumbawa, eastern Indonesia and its impact on cattle productivity and farm profitability.
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DAHLANUDDIN, PANJAITAN, TANDA, WALDRON, SCOTT, HALLIDAY, MICHAEL J., ASH, ANDREW, MORRIS, STEVE T., and SHELTON, H. MAX
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CATTLE productivity ,AGRICULTURAL technology ,CATTLE feeding & feeds ,ANIMAL carcasses ,PROFITABILITY ,INCOME ,TRADITIONAL farming - Abstract
Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2019
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4. Leucaena feeding systems in Myanmar.
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AUNG, A.
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ANIMAL feeding ,NUTRITIVE value of feeds ,ANIMAL feeds - Abstract
Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2019
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5. Leucaena feeding systems in Argentina. I. Five decades of research and limitations for adoption.
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RADRIZZANI, ALEJANDRO, PACHAS, NAHUEL A., GÁNDARA, LUIS, GOLDFARB, CRISTINA, PERTICARI, ALEJANDRO, LACORTE, SANTIAGO, and PUEYO, DANTE
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SILVOPASTORAL systems ,AGRICULTURAL technology ,ANIMAL feeding ,LEAD tree ,FORAGE ,LEGUMES ,FORAGE plants - Abstract
Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2019
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6. Leucaena leucocephala feeding systems for cattle production in Mexico.
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RAMÍREZ-AVILÉS, LUIS, SOLORIO-SÁNCHEZ, FRANCISCO J., AGUILAR-PÉREZ, CARLOS F., AYALA-BURGOS, ARMIN J., and KU-VERA, JUAN C.
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LEAD tree ,CATTLE feeding & feeds ,ANIMAL welfare ,MILK yield ,SERVICE animals ,LEGUMES ,FORAGE plants - Abstract
Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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7. Feeding leucaena to dairy cows in intensive silvopastoral systems in Colombia and Mexico.
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ESTEBAN RIVERA, JULIÁN, CHARÁ, JULIAN, MURGUEITIO, ENRIQUE, JOSÉ MOLINA, JUAN, and BARAHONA, ROLANDO
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SILVOPASTORAL systems ,MILK yield ,DAIRY farm management ,COWS ,DAIRY cattle ,DAIRY farms - Abstract
Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2019
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8. Adoption, profitability and future of leucaena feeding systems in Australia.
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BUCK, STUART, ROLFE, JOE, LEMIN, CRAIG, and ENGLISH, BERNIE
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RANGE management ,LEAD tree ,NUTRITIONAL requirements ,FODDER crops ,PROFITABILITY ,PASTURES ,FORAGE plants - Abstract
Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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9. Weed leucaena and its significance, implications and control.
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CAMPBELL, SHANE, VOGLER, WAYNE, BRAZIER, DANNIELLE, VITELLI, JOSEPH, and BROOKS, SIMON
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WEEDS ,LEAD tree ,SEED industry ,INTRODUCED species ,ANIMAL feeds - Abstract
Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2019
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10. Mimosine concentration in Leucaena leucocephala under various environmental conditions.
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HONDA, MICHAEL D. H. and BORTHAKUR, DULAL
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MIMOSINE ,LEAD tree ,ENVIRONMENTAL literacy ,FETAL death ,AMINO acids ,FODDER crops - Abstract
Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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11. Evaluating crude protein concentration of leucaena forage and the dietary legume content selected by cattle grazing leucaena and C4 grasses in northern Australia.
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HOPKINS, KYLIE, BOWEN, MAREE, DIXON, ROB, and REID, DAVID
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FORAGE plants ,NEAR infrared reflectance spectroscopy ,FORAGE ,CATTLE ,LEGUMES ,GRASSES - Abstract
Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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12. Incorporating leucaena into goat production systems.
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COWLEY, FRANCES C. and ROSCHINSKY, ROMANA
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SILVOPASTORAL systems ,GOATS ,GOAT diseases ,MILK yield - Abstract
Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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13. Detection of Synergistes jonesii and genetic variants in ruminants from different geographical locations.
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MCSWEENEY, CHRIS S., PADMANABHA, JAGADISH, HALLIDAY, MICHAEL J., HUBBARD, BEN, DIERENS, LEANNE, DENMAN, STUART E., and SHELTON, H. MAX
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FORAGE plants ,RUMINANTS ,LEAD tree ,MIMOSINE ,SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms ,AMINO acids - Abstract
Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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14. An update on leucaena toxicity: Is inoculation with Synergistes jonesii necessary?
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SHELTON, H. MAX, KERVEN, GRAHAM L., and DALZELL, SCOTT A.
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GLUCURONIC acid ,PLANT enzymes ,VACCINATION ,CATTLE feeding & feeds ,MICROBIAL enzymes ,RUMINANTS ,RUMEN fermentation - Abstract
Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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15. Review of establishment practices of Leucaena leucocephala cv. Tarramba in West Timor, Indonesia.
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NULIK, JACOB and KANA HAU, DEBORA
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LEAD tree ,FORAGE plants ,GREENHOUSE plants ,FORAGE plant quality - Abstract
Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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16. Leucaena shows potential in Northern Inland New South Wales, Australia.
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HARRIS, CAROL, BOSCHMA, SUZANNE, BRENNAN, MARK, BORG, LAUREN, HARDEN, STEVEN, and CULLIS, BRIAN
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LEAD tree ,GROWING season ,PLANT productivity ,CULTIVARS ,ANALYSIS of variance - Abstract
Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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17. Leucaena cultivars - current releases and future opportunities.
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DALZELL, SCOTT A.
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CULTIVARS ,PLANT breeding ,SPECIES hybridization ,ACID soils ,LEAD tree ,COLD (Temperature) - Abstract
Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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18. Dry matter yield and bromatological composition of gliricidia in different crop densities
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Edivilson Silva Castro Filho, Evandro Neves Muniz, José Henrique de Albuquerque Rangel, Gladston Rafael de Arruda Santos, José Adelson Santana Neto, and Helber Rodrigues de Araujo
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cultivo adensado ,leguminosas arbóreas ,leguminosas forrageiras ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different gliricidia planting densities on productive and qualitative parameters. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station Pedro Arle, Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros (Embrapa Coastal Tablelands), in Frei Paulo, Sergipe, Brazil. The effect of densities of 10,000; 20,000; 30,000 and 40,000 plants ha-1 was tested in biomass production (fresh and dry), dry matter content (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid-detergent fiber (ADF), in gliricidia leaves and tender stems. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design with four replications. Production of leaf and stem fresh biomass; production of leaf dry matter; percentage of fresh leaves in relation to the total fresh matter; and percentage of leaf dry matter of 13 cuttings were evaluated from September 2nd, 2009 to December 18th, 2013. There was increase in the production of total fresh matter, leaf fresh matter, and leaf dry matter (P
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- 2016
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19. Decomposition of ground biomass of secondary forest and yield of annual crops in no tillage
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Déborah Verçoza da Silva, Tadário Kamel de Oliveira, Jorge Ferreira Kusdra, Faelen Taís Köln, Aliny Alencar de Lima, and Karelynne Bruna Alencar da Costa
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Inga velutina ,Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum ,leguminosas arbóreas ,milho ,feijão ,Amazônia ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the dynamics of decomposition process of chopped secondary forest system, previously enriched with legumes Inga velutina Willd. and Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (Willd.) Hochr. and the contribution of this process to the nutrient input to the cultivation of corn and bean under no-tillage. The experimental design was a randomized block, split plot with four replications. The plots were two species (I. velutina and S. pulcherrimum) and the subplots were seven times of evaluation (0, 7, 28, 63, 189, 252, 294 days after experiment installation). There was no difference (p ≥ 0.05) between the secondary forest systems enriched and no interaction with times for biomass waste, decomposition constant and half-life time. The waste of S. pulcherrimum trees had higher (p < 0.05) C/N ratio than that I. velutina. However, this one was higher (p < 0.05) in lignin content. Nevertheless, the dynamics of residue decomposition was similar. The corn yield was higher (p < 0.05) in cultivation under I.velutina waste. Meanwhile, the beans planted after corn, shows similar (p > 0.05) yield in both areas, regardless of the waste origin.
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- 2015
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20. CRESCIMENTO E SOBREVIVÊNCIA DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS EM DIFERENTES MODELOS DE PLANTIO NA RECUPERAÇÃO DE ÁREA DEGRADADA POR DISPOSIÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS1
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Luana Auxiliadora de Resende, Lilian Vilela Andrade Pinto, Eder Clementino dos Santos, and Sueila Silva
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Lixão ,Espécies nativas ,Leguminosas arbóreas ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o desenvolvimento silvicultural e a sobrevivência das espécies em diferentes modelos de plantio de mudas para recuperação da área do lixão de Inconfidentes – Sul de Minas Gerais/Brasil, a qual se encontra com deficiência de vegetação, o que proporciona impactos visual e ambiental, com o intuito de indicar diferentes espécies vegetais que possam ser ideais para serem utilizadas na requalificação dos lixões. O experimento foi instalado no delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado com quatro modelos de plantio envolvendo mudas de 11 espécies arbóreas nativas e da gramínea Chrysopogon zizanioides (M1- Leguminosas; M2- Leguminosas + Chrysopogon zizanioides; M3- nativas e M4- Eremanthus erytropappus e Nectandra lanceolata) e três repetições. As parcelas de 3 x 5 m de cada tratamento foram compostas por 15 mudas arbóreas, sendo acrescidas em cada modelo de plantio M2 oito mudas da gramínea Vetiver (C. Zizanioides). Foram avaliados ao longo de 20 meses a altura das plantas, o diâmetro do caule ao nível do solo, a área de copa e a sobrevivência, em intervalos de 30 dias. Os dados do crescimento silvicultural e sobrevivência entre os tratamentos e entre as espécies foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias, comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott a 5% de probabilidade. A partir da análise dos resultados da recuperação da área do desativado Lixão de Inconfidentes – Sul de Minas Gerais/Brasil, conclui-se que o modelo de plantio M2 e as espécies Bauhinia forficata, Eritrina falcata, Senna multijuga, Schizolobium parahyba e Schinus terebinthifolius são as mais indicadas para recuperação da área.
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- 2015
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21. Symbiosis of rhizobia with Gliricidia sepium and Clitoria fairchildiana in an Oxisol in the pre-Amazon region of Maranhão State.
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Pereira Coelho, Katia, de Almeida Ribeiro, Paula Rose, Gomes de Moura, Emanoel, Ferreira Aguiar, Alana das Chagas, Louzada Rodrigues, Tainara, and de Souza Moreira, Fatima Maria
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GLIRICIDIA sepium , *LEGUMES , *OXISOLS , *RHIZOBIACEAE , *PLANT-bacterial symbiosis , *BACTERIAL genetics - Abstract
Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) and sombreiro (Clitoria fairchildiana) have been recommended for agroforestry systems and reforestation of degraded areas due to their fast growth and symbiosis with rhizobia. However, little is known about native populations that nodulate these species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic and genetic diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from nodules of gliricidia and sombreiro in alley cropping systems located in the pre-Amazon region of Maranhão State and to confirm their nodulation ability. Nodules were field collected from 20 plants of each species. The isolated strains were characterized morphologically, their 16S rRNA gene was partially sequenced, and their symbiotic ability was authenticated in siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum). Despite being in the same climate and soil conditions, gliricidia and sombreiro are nodulated by different rhizobia genera, with Rhizobium predominant in gliricidia and Bradyrhizobium in sombreiro. Endophytic strains also colonized nodules in the field. Approximately 60% of Rhizobium strains did not nodulate siratro, whereas all Bradyrhizobium strains did. Native strains isolated from gliricidia nodules had low efficiency, and only four strains isolated from sombreiro nodules were efficient in siratro. These results highlight the importance of symbiotic relationships in the regulation of biological nitrogen fixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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22. Efeito do substrato sobre o crescimento de mudas de Mimosa bimucronata inoculadas com estirpes de rizóbio
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Juliana Müller Freire, Ederson da Conceição Jesus, Janaína Ribeiro Costa Rouws, Sérgio Miana de Faria, and Jerri Edson Zilli
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Rizobactéria ,Fixação de nitrogênio ,Leguminosas arbóreas ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a resposta de mudas de Mimosa bimucronata (DC) O. Kuntze à inoculação com estirpes de rizóbio previamente selecionados, utilizar diferentes substratos em condições de viveiro. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas, testando-se três substratos (organomineral puro contendo barro, areia e esterco na proporção 1: 1: 1 v: v: v, organomineral misturado com 30% de palha e areia com vermiculita na proporção 1: 1 v: v) e quatro fontes de N (inoculação com as estirpes BR 3461 e BR 3470, tratamento controle com nitrogênio e controle sem adubação), totalizando 12 tratamentos. Foramavaliados altura e diâmetro do colo após 90 dias e massas da parte aérea, das raízes e dos nódulos secos após 120 dias em viveiro. Os substratos organominerais permitiram o melhor desenvolvimento das mudas. Entretanto, somente o substrato organomineral com palha e a areia com vermiculita permitiram resposta da planta à inoculação com a estirpe BR 3470. O desempenho das mudas inoculadas não superou o das mudas adubadas com N. A dose de N aplicada estimulou a nodulação ao invés de inibi-la
- Published
- 2017
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23. Regeneração natural após 13 anos de plantio com espécies arbóreas fixadoras de nitrogênio em Valença, no estado do Rio de Janeiro
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Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia, Eduardo Francia Carneiro Campello, Khadidja Dantas Rocha de Lima, and Alexander Silva de Resende
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Semideciduous seasonal forest ,biology ,Absolute frequency ,Leguminous trees ,Randomized block design ,Land reclamation ,Forestry ,Ecological succession ,Understory ,biology.organism_classification ,Floristics ,Recuperação de áreas degradadas ,Diversity index ,Floresta estacional semidecidual ,Seedling ,Habit (biology) ,Leguminosas arbóreas - Abstract
Resumo Este trabalho avaliou a regeneração natural em área plantada há 13 anos com diferentes proporções de leguminosas fixadoras de nitrogênio. O plantio foi realizado em 2001, em pastagem abandonada, em Valença, sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro, com seis espécies florestais arbóreas não nodulantes, consorciadas com sete espécies leguminosas arbóreas nodulantes, de forma a estabelecer quatro proporções de leguminosas (30, 50, 65 e 80%) na composição botânica inicial. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições em parcelas de 940 m2. Em 2014, foram avaliados indivíduos regenerantes (≥ 60 cm) dentro de cada parcela e as espécies foram identificadas e classificadas quanto ao hábito de crescimento, grupo ecológico e síndrome de dispersão. Quantificou-se densidade absoluta, frequências absoluta e relativa e os índices de diversidade de Shannon e de equabilidade de Pielou. Foram encontradas 37 espécies que não haviam sido plantadas inicialmente. Somente três, das 13 espécies plantadas estiveram presentes no banco de plântulas. A maioria das espécies regenerantes eram arbóreas, pioneiras, com hábito de dispersão por zoocoria. O plantio misto com leguminosas arbóreas nodulantes é eficaz na ativação do processo de sucessão ecológica, uma vez que garante um alto recrutamento de espécies nativas regenerantes, com destaque para a composição botânica com 50 e 65%. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the ecological succession under different proportions of nitrogen-fixing trees intercropped with non-nitrogen fixing trees species through the understory floristic survey. A randomized block design with four treatments and three replications was conducted for 13 years with 30, 50, 65, and 80% of nitrogen-fixing trees in the whole plants used per plot. Fixed subplots with 10 m x 10 m were installed at the experimental plots and evaluated all individuals with height ≥ 60 cm to carry out the floristic survey. The species were identified and classified according to growth habit, the successional class, and dispersion syndrome. The natural regeneration vertical structure was evaluated with the following indicators: absolute density, absolute frequency, and relative frequency, the horizontal structure with Shannon’s diversity index and Pielou’s equitability index. The survey founded 37 species that had not been planted initially. Only three of the 13 planted species were present in the seedling bank. It was identified a more significant presence of pioneer trees species with zoochoric dispersion in the four treatments understory, indicating that the species mixed allowed the activation of the natural succession process. Treatments with 50 and 65 % of nitrogen-fixing trees favoured the diversity of species.
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- 2021
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24. Efeito do substrato sobre o crescimento de mudas de Mimosa bimucronata inoculadas com estirpes de rizóbio.
- Author
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Müller Freire, Juliana, da Conceição Jesus, Ederson, Costa Rouws, Janaína Ribeiro, da Faria, Sérgio Miana, and Edson Zilli, Jerri
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth response of Mimosa bimucronata (DC) O. Kuntze seedlings in nursery conditions to inoculation with rhizobium strains previously selected using different substrates. An experimental design of randomized blocks with split plots was used, testing three substrates (pure organic-containing clay, sand and manure in 1: 1: 1 v: v: v ratio; organomineral mixed with 30% straw and sand with vermiculite in 1: 1 v: v) and four N sources (inoculation with strains BR 3461 and BR 3470, control with N fertilization and control without fertilization), totalizing 12 treatments. Height and stem diameter were evaluate after 90 days and shoot, root and nodules dry mass were evaluate after 120 days. Organomineral substrates provided better seedling growth. However, only organic-substrate with straw and sand with vermiculite showed positive responses of plants inoculated with BR3470 strain. The performance of the inoculated seedlings was not higher than that of seedlings fertilized with N. The rate of N applied stimulated nodulation rather than inhibit it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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25. Tolerance and potential phytorremediator of Inga uruguensis and Inga fagifolia in lead contaminated soil
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Frachia, Caroline de Lima, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Camargos, Liliane Santos de [UNESP]
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Heavy metal ,Fitoestabilização ,Contaminated areas ,Áreas contaminadas ,Leguminous trees ,Leguminosas arbóreas ,Metal pesado ,Phytostabilization - Abstract
Submitted by Caroline de Lima Frachia (caroline.frachia@unesp.br) on 2022-06-24T17:51:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Caroline de Lima Frachia.pdf: 663663 bytes, checksum: a9d191080c182f082222ff9940284d03 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Raiane da Silva Santos (raiane.santos@unesp.br) on 2022-06-27T12:59:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 frachia_cl_me_ilha.pdf: 663663 bytes, checksum: a9d191080c182f082222ff9940284d03 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-27T12:59:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 frachia_cl_me_ilha.pdf: 663663 bytes, checksum: a9d191080c182f082222ff9940284d03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022-04-26 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O chumbo é um metal pesado não essencial, caracterizado como o principal contaminante do solo e considerado o segundo elemento mais ameaçador, ficando somente atrás do arsênio. Ainda assim, sua utilização é abrangente e envolve diversas atividades. Sua alta toxicidade pode inviabilizar a utilização de áreas onde estão presentes, gerando inúmeros prejuízos. Quando em contato com o organismo vegetal tende a provocar redução de crescimento e de biomassa, inibir a síntese de pigmentos fotossintetizantes, prejudicar a fotossíntese e provocar outras inúmeras disfunções bioquímicas e fisiológicas. A busca por técnicas que auxiliem na remoção de chumbo no solo se mostra urgente e necessária. A fitorremediação é uma alternativa que vem se mostrando eficiente, sustentável e economicamente viável. Leguminosas arbóreas possuem rápido crescimento e alta produção de biomassa, apresentando características favoráveis para serem utilizadas como fitorremediadoras, mas ainda assim, há uma restrição de estudos nessa área. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o potencial fitorremediador de Inga fagifolia e Inga uruguensis, duas leguminosas arbóreas nativas, em solo contaminado com o chumbo e os possíveis efeitos desse metal nos parâmetros fotossintéticos de ambas as espécies. O solo, do tipo latossolo vermelho distrófico, foi contaminado artificialmente com acetato de chumbo (CH3COO)2 Pb, formando os tratamentos 100, 200, 300, 400 e 500 mg.dm-3, além do controle. Mudas de I. uruguensis e I. fagifolia foram transplantadas em vasos com capacidade de 2 litros, nos respectivos tratamentos, permanecendo por 8 meses. Os resultados mostraram que o chumbo não afetou a síntese de clorofila, exceto a clorofila a de mudas de Inga uruguensis expostas ao tratamento de 500 mg.dm-3. Os carotenoides mostraram um incremento progressivo em mudas de Inga fagigolia, conforme as doses de metal aumentaram, podendo indicar uma resposta frente ao estresse oxidativo provocado. Apesar da sua alta toxicidade o chumbo não afetou o crescimento da parte aérea das mudas. Ambas as espécies absorveram o referido metal, alocando-o majoritariamente em suas raízes, apresentando perfil de fitoestabilizadoras. Pode-se concluir que Inga uruguensis e Inga fagifolia apresentaram tolerância inicial ao chumbo, sendo I. uruguensis a espécie mais efetiva para sua remoção e a mais afetada em níveis fotossintéticos. O presente estudo apresenta uma perspectiva inicial do comportamento das duas leguminosas quando expostas ao chumbo, abrindo caminhos para que novas pesquisas que reforcem o potencial fitorremediador dessas espécies sejam realizadas. Lead is a non-essential heavy metal, characterized as the main soil contaminant and considered the second most threatening element, after arsenic. Even so, its use is comprehensive and involves several activities. Their high toxicity can make it impossible to use areas where they are present, causing numerous damages. When in contact with the plant organism, it tends to cause a reduction in growth and biomass, inhibit the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, impair photosynthesis and cause countless other biochemical and physiological dysfunctions. The search for techniques that assist in the removal of lead in the soil is urgent and necessary. Phytoremediation is an alternative that has proven to be efficient, sustainable, and economically viable. Tree legumes have fast growth and high biomass production, presenting favorable characteristics to be used as phytoremediators, but even so, there is a restriction of studies in this area. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of Inga fagifolia and Inga uruguensis, two native leguminous trees, in soil contaminated with lead and the possible effects of this metal on the photosynthetic parameters of both species. The soil, of the dystrophic red latosol type, was artificially contaminated with lead acetate (CH3COO)2 Pb, forming treatments 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg.dm-3 , in addition to the control. Seedlings of I. uruguensis and I. fagifolia were transplanted into pots with a capacity of 2 liters, in the respective treatments, remaining for 8 months. The results showed that lead did not affect chlorophyll synthesis, except for chlorophyll a from Inga uruguensis seedlings exposed to the treatment of 500 mg.dm-3 . Carotenoids showed a progressive increase in Inga fagifolia seedlings, as the metal doses increased, which may indicate a response to the oxidative stress caused. Despite its high toxicity, the lead did not affect the shoot growth of the seedlings. Both species absorbed the aforementioned metal, allocating it mostly in their roots, presenting a profile of phytostabilizers. It can be concluded that Inga uruguensis and Inga fagifolia showed initial tolerance to lead, with I. uruguensis being the most effective species for its removal and the most affected in photosynthetic levels. The present study presents an initial perspective of the behavior of the two legumes when exposed to lead, opening the way for further research to be carried out to reinforce the phytoremediation potential of these species. CAPES: 001
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- 2022
26. Dinâmica da serapilheira em pastagens de braquiária em sistema silvipastoril e monocultura
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Deise Ferreira Xavier, Francisco José da Silva Lédo, Domingos Sávio de Campos Paciullo, Maria de Fátima Ávila Pires, and Robert Michael Boddey
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Brachiaria decumbens ,Urochloa decumbens ,fluxo de nitrogênio ,leguminosas arbóreas ,pastagens tropicais ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da introdução de leguminosas arbóreas e eucalipto em pastagens de braquiária (Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk), na dinâmica da serapilheira. O estudo foi realizado em sistema silvipastoril e em monocultura, em 12 meses. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições e cinco animais por piquete. Foram avaliadas a serapilheira existente e a depositada. A serapilheira existente teve média anual de 5.038 e 3.944 kg ha-1, no sistema silvipastoril e na monocultura, respectivamente. O sistema silvipastoril causou um acréscimo significativo na serapilheira depositada. A quantidade de nitrogênio da serapilheira depositada foi maior no sistema silvipastoril, do que na monocultura, respectivamente, 228 kg ha-1 por ano e 107 kg ha-1 por ano. A presença de leguminosas e de eucalipto em sistema silvipastoril proporcionou aumentos nas quantidades de nitrogênio, comprovados pela análise isotópica de 13C, e matéria seca de serapilheira. Incrementos na produção de serapilheira rica em nitrogênio pode contribuir para a sustentabilidade das pastagens de braquiária a longo prazo.
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- 2011
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27. Soil and nutrient losses in erosion gullies at different degrees of restoration Perda de solo e nutrientes em voçorocas com diferentes níveis de recuperação
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Roriz Luciano Machado, Alexander Silva de Resende, Eduardo Francia Carneiro Campello, José Arimathéa Oliveira, and Avílio Antônio Franco
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Médio Vale do rio Paraíba do Sul ,erosão hídrica ,leguminosas arbóreas ,Valley of Mid-Paraíba do Sul River ,water erosion ,leguminous trees ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
The most advanced stage of water erosion, the gully, represents severe problems in different contexts, both in rural and urban environments. In the search for a stabilization of the process in a viable manner it is of utmost importance to assess the efficiency of evaluation methodologies. For this purpose, the efficiency of low-cost conservation practices were tested for the reduction of soil and nutrient losses caused by erosion from gullies in Pinheiral, state of Rio de Janeiro. The following areas were studied: gully recovered by means of physical and biological strategies; gullies in recovering stage, by means of physical strategies only, and gullies under no restoration treatment. During the summer of 2005/2006, the following data sets were collected for this study: soil classification of each of the eroded gully areas; planimetric and altimetric survey; determination of rain erosivity indexes; determination of amount of soil sediment; sediment grain size characteristics; natural amounts of nutrients Ca, Mg, K and P, as well as total C and N concentrations. The results for the three first measurements were 52.5, 20.5, and 29.0 Mg in the sediments from the gully without intervention, and of 1.0, 1.7 and 1.8 Mg from the gully with physical interventions, indicating an average reduction of 95 %. The fully recovered gully produced no sediment during the period. The data of total nutrient loss from the three gullies under investigation showed reductions of 98 % for the recovering gully, and 99 % for the fully recovered one. As for the loss of nutrients, the data indicate a nutrient loss of 1,811 kg from for the non-treated gully. The use of physical and biological interventions made it possible to reduce overall nutrient loss by more than 96 %, over the entire rainy season, as compared to the non-treated gully. Results show that the methods used were effective in reducing soil and nutrient losses from gullies.A forma mais avançada da erosão hídrica, a voçoroca, constitui um sério problema de diferentes contextos nos meios rural e urbano e, para a busca da estabilização do processo de forma mais viável, é necessário avaliar a eficiência de métodos acessíveis. Nesse sentido, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência de práticas conservacionistas de baixo custo na redução da perda de solo e nutrientes em erosão por voçorocas no município de Pinheiral, RJ. As áreas estudadas foram: voçoroca recuperada, com estratégias físicas e biológicas; em recuperação, com estratégias físicas; e sem intervenção. Foram realizados: classificação do solo das áreas; levantamento planialtimétrico; determinação da erosividade das chuvas; quantificação dos sedimentos, sua granulometria, e teores dos nutrientes Ca, Mg, K e P pseudototais e C e N totais, referentes ao verão de 2005/2006. Nas três primeiras avaliações, foram quantificados 52,5, 20,5 e 29,0 Mg de sedimentos na voçoroca sem intervenção e 1,0, 1,7 e 1,8 Mg na voçoroca com intervenções físicas, o que significou redução média de 95 %. Na voçoroca recuperada, não houve produção de sedimentos no período. Considerando a perda total nas três voçorocas, a redução foi de 98 % na voçoroca em recuperação e 99 % na voçoroca recuperada. Em relação à perda dos nutrientes na voçoroca sem intervenção, foram quantificados 1.811 kg. Com as medidas físicas e biológicas de controle, foi possível reduzir as perdas em mais de 96 % em relação à voçoroca sem intervenção, considerando todo o período chuvoso. Os resultados mostram que o método utilizado foi eficiente na redução da perda de solo e nutrientes em voçorocas, nas condições do estudo.
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- 2010
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28. BEHAVIOR OF LEGUMINOUS TREES INOCULATED WITH ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI
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Marcos Vinicius Winckler Caldeira, Eliane Maria Ribeiro da Silva, Avílio A. Franco, and Magda Lea Bolzan Zanon
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Fungos micorrízicos ,leguminosas arbóreas ,crescimento inicial ou juvenil. ,Agriculture ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
The effect of the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of two legume trees (Cassia leiandra and Chamaecrista desvauxii) was evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and twenty-five repetitions. The treatments were: Glomus clarum (Nicolson & Schenk), Gigaspora margarita (Becker & Hall), Native Fungi and Control (without inoculation). The seedlings were cultivated in a substratum composed of compost, clay, sand and natural phosphate in the proportion of 6:2:1:1. One Hundred and sixty eight days after seed germination, stem diameter, height, above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass of thick and fine roots, and percent mycorrhizal colonization were evaluated. Although the roots of Chamaecrista desvauxii were colonized with Gigaspora margarita there was no effect of the inoculation on any of the variables measured. Seedlings of Cassia leiandra were colonized by all mycorrhizal fungy, however, there was an increase in the above-ground biomass and below-ground biomass of fine roots only on the seedlings inoculated with Glomus clarum.
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- 2009
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29. Recovery of degraded areas revegeted with Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus with special reference to organic matter humification Ecuperação de áreas degradadas revegetadas com acácia e eucalipto enfocando a humificação da matéria orgânica
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Jolimar Antonio Schiavo, Jader Galba Busato, Marco Antonio Martins, and Luciano Pasqualoto Canellas
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leguminosas arbóreas ,micorrizas ,rizóbio ,substâncias húmicas ,microbiota do solo ,arborous legumes ,mycorrhizas ,rhizobium ,humic substances ,soil micro biota ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Humidified fractions of organic matter and soil microorganism populations are used as environmental quality indicators. This work aimed to study the changes in chemical and microbiological soil attributes, as well as in the humidified fractions, of the organic matter in a substrate from a clay extraction area cropped with Brachiaria mutica, Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus. In the Eucalyptus area, the P contents increased linearly with planting time. However, only at the twelfth year, differences between Eucalyptus and B. mutica areas have occurred. In the A. mangium area, such differences in the P content occurred at the third year with increment of 43%, at the 0-10 cm layer, in relation to B. mutica. Also, at the 0-10 cm layer, the total carbon contents were 98%, 78%, 70% and 40% higher than those found in Eucalyptus with three, five, twelve years of age and in the B. mutica area, respectively. Such increments also occurred in the humidified fractions, especially in the fulvic acids (C FA). The population of microorganisms was higher in the A. mangium area, mainly in the summer, where it was observed a positively correlation with total carbon (total bacteria, r = 0.96**, total fungi, r = 0.91*, and phosphate solubilizer microorganisms, r = 0.98**) and with the C FA fraction (total bacteria r = 0.96**, total fungi, r = 0.90*, and phosphate solubilizer microorganisms, r = 0.98**). The use of A. mangium led to improvements in the chemical and microbiological soil attributes in the substrateFrações da matéria orgânica humificada e a população de microrganismos do solo são utilizadas como indicadores da qualidade ambiental. Objetivou-se verificar mudanças nos atributos químicos, microbiológicos e nas frações humificadas da matéria orgânica em substrato de cava de extração de argila com cobertura de Brachiaria mutica, Acacia mangium e Eucalyptus. Nas áreas de Eucalyptus os teores de P aumentaram linearmente em função do tempo de plantio, porém somente no décimo segundo ano diferiu da B. mutica. Na área com A. mangium tais diferenças ocorreram no terceiro ano, com incremento de 43% na camada de 0-10 cm em relação à B. mutica. Ainda, na camada de 0-10 cm os teores de carbono total foram maiores 98%, 78%, 70% e 40% em relação ao Eucalyptus com três, cinco, doze anos, e B. mutica, respectivamente. Tais incrementos também ocorreram nas frações humificadas, principalmente nos ácidos fúlvicos (C AF). A população de microrganismos foi maior na cobertura com A. mangium, acentuadamente no verão; correlacionando-se com o carbono total (bactérias totais, r = 0,96**; fungos totais, r = 0,91*; e solubilizadores de fosfato, r = 0,98**) e com a fração C AF (bactérias totais, r = 0,96**; fungos totais, r = 0,90*; e solubilizadores de fosfato, r = 0,98**). O uso da A. mangium proporcionou melhoria nos atributos químicos e microbiológicos do substrato da cava de extração de argila.
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- 2009
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30. Crecimiento y producción de Solanum gilo Raddi en sistemas de cultivo en callejones con adición de estiércol bovino
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Silva , Dieny Michelly Schuertz da, Silva, Jandiê Araujo da, Nunes, Járisson Cavalcante, Maffei Valero, Miguel A., and Maia, Sonicley da Silva
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Solanaceae ,Cobertura de solo ,Scarlet eggplant ,Agroforestería ,Soil cover ,Jiló ,Leguminosas arbóreas ,Cobertura de suelo ,Agroforestry systems ,Sistemas agroflorestais ,Arboreal legumes - Abstract
Alley cropping systems and the use of organic fertilizers are considered good practices for the development of sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of bovine manure and the use of an alley system with Gliricídia sepium plants on the growth and production of jiló in the Roraima savannas, Brazil. The field experiment was arranged in random blocks in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with three repetitions. The first factor was the cultivation system (with and without alleys) CA and SA respectively, and the second factor corresponded to the levels of organic matter (MOS) added to the soil (1.21; 2.21; 3.21; 4, 21, and 5.21%). At 30, 60, and 90 days after transplantation, plant height (AP), stem diameter (DT), and number of leaves (NH) were evaluated. Fruits were collected weekly, recording the average mass of fruits (MF), number of fruits per plant (NFP), and yield (RN). The plants of the CA had less development compared to those of the SA. The increase in MOS positively influenced the development and production of the jiló. The use of bovine manure provides an increase in production components. The 5.21% increase in MOS in the system without alleys, provided the best results in DT, NH, MF, NFP, and RN. The cultivation with alleys does not provide an improvement in the jiló production indices. Los sistemas de cultivo en callejones y el uso de fertilizantes orgánicos se consideran buenas prácticas para el desarrollo de una agricultura sostenible. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la aplicación de estiércol de bovino y el uso de sistema de callejones con plantas de Gliricídia sepium sobre el crecimiento y producción de jiló en la sabana de Roraima, Brasil. El experimento en campo fue dispuesto en bloques al azar en esquema factorial 2 × 5, con tres repeticiones. El primer factor fue sistema de cultivo (con y sin callejones) SCC y SSC respectivamente, y el segundo factor correspondió a los niveles de materia orgánica (MOS) adicionados al suelo (1,21; 2,21; 3,21; 4,21 y 5,21%). A los 30, 60 y 90 días después del trasplante se evaluó la altura de planta (AP), el diámetro del tallo (DT) y el número de hojas (NH). Se recolectaron frutos semanalmente registrándose la masa promedio de frutos (MF), número de frutos por planta (NFP) y el rendimiento (RN). Las plantas del SCC tuvieron menos desarrollo en comparación con las del SSC. El aumento de MOS influyó positivamente en el desarrollo y producción del jiló. El uso de estiércol de bovino proporciona un aumento en los componentes de producción. El incremento de 5,21% de MOS en el sistema sin callejones, brindó los mejores resultados en DT, NH, MF, NFP y RN. El cultivo con callejones no aporta una mejora en los índices de producción del jiló. Os sistemas de cultivo em aleias e o uso de fertilizantes orgânicos são considerados boas práticas para o desenvolvimento da agricultura sustentável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de esterco bovino e do uso de um sistema de aleias com plantas de Gliricídia sepium no crescimento e produção de jiló no cerrado de Roraima, Brasil. O experimento de campo foi organizado em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 × 5, com três repetições. O primeiro fator foi o sistema de cultivo (com e sem aleias) CA e SA respectivamente, e o segundo fator correspondeu aos níveis de matéria orgânica (MOS) adicionados ao solo (1,21; 2,21; 3,21; 4, 21 e 5,21%). Aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após o transplante, foram avaliados a altura da planta (AP), o diâmetro do caule (DT) e o número de folhas (NH). Os frutos foram coletados semanalmente, registrando-se a massa média dos frutos (MF), o número de frutos por planta (NFP) e a produtividade (RN). As plantas do CA tiveram menor desenvolvimento em relação às do SA. O aumento da MOS influenciou positivamente o desenvolvimento e a produção do jiló. O uso de esterco bovino proporciona aumento dos componentes da produção. O aumento de 5,21% da MOS no sistema sem aleias proporcionou os melhores resultados em DT, NH, MF, NFP e RN. O cultivo com aleias não proporcionou melhora nos índices de produção de jiló.
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- 2021
31. Evaluation of the throughfall and stemflow nutrient contents in mixed and pure plantations of Acacia mangium, Pseudosamenea guachapele and Eucalyptus grandis Avaliação do conteúdo de nutrientes na água de precipitação interna e de escoamento pelo tronco em plantios de Acacia mangium, Pseudosamenea guachapele e Eucalyptus grandis
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Fabiano de Carvalho Balieiro, Avílio Antônio Franco, Renildes Lúcio Ferreira Fontes, Luiz Eduardo Dias, Eduardo Francia Carneiro Campello, and Sérgio Miana de Faria
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Ciclagem de nutrientes ,leguminosas arbóreas ,aporte atmosféricode nutrientes ,plantio florestal misto ,Nutrient cycling ,leguminous tree ,atmospheric nutrient input ,mixed forest plantation ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
The interception of the rainfall by the forest canopy has great relevance to the nutrient geochemistry cycle in low fertility tropical soils under native or cultivated forests. However, little is known about the modification of the rainfall water quality and hydrological balance after interception by the canopies of eucalyptus under pure and mixed plantations with leguminous species, in Brazil. Samples of rainfall (RF), throughfall (TF) and stemflow (SF) were collected and analyzed in pure plantations of mangium (nitrogen fixing tree -NFT), guachapele (NFT) and eucalyptus (non-nitrogen fixing tree -NNFT) and in a mixed stand of guachapele and eucalyptus in Seropédica, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Nine stemflow collectors (in selected trees) and nine pluviometers were randomly disposed under each stand and three pluviometers were used to measure the incident rainfall during 5.5 months. Mangium conveyed 33.4% of the total rainfall for its stem. An estimative based on corrections for the average annual precipitation (1213 mm) indicated that the rainfall's contribution to the nutrient input (kg ha-1) was about 8.42; 0.95; 19.04; 6.74; 4.72 and 8.71 kg ha-1 of N-NH4+, P, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2 and Na+, respectively. Throughfall provided the largest contributions compared to the stemflow nutrient input. The largest inputs of N-NH4+ (15.03 kg ha-1) and K+ (179.43 kg ha-1) were observed under the guachapele crown. Large amounts of Na+ denote a high influence of the sea. Mangium was the most adapted species to water competitiveness. Comparatively to pure stand of eucalyptus, the mixed plantation intensifies the N, Ca and Mg leaching by the canopy, while the inputs of K and P were lower under these plantations.A interceptação da chuva pela copa das florestas tem grande relevância no ciclo biogeoquímico de nutrientes nos solos de baixa fertilidade sob florestas nativas e plantadas. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre as modificações na qualidade dessa água e no balanço hidrológico após a interceptação pela copa do eucalipto sob condições de plantios puros e mistos com leguminosas, no Brasil. Amostras de água de chuva (RF), de precipitação interna (TF) e de escoamento pelo tronco (SF), foram coletadas e analisadas quimicamente em plantios puros de mangium (espécie fixadora de nitrogênio atmosférico - EFN), guachapele (EFN) e eucalipto (espécie não fixadora de nitrogênio - ENFN) e consorciados com guachapele e eucalipto, em Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro. Nove coletores de escoamento pelo tronco (colocados em árvores), nove pluviômetros posicionados ao acaso nos plantios e três fora da influência deles foram utilizados no monitoramento durante 5,5 meses. A mangium direcionou 33,4% do total precipitado para o seu tronco. Uma estimativa baseada na correção da média anual precipitada na área (1.213 mm) indicou uma contribuição no aporte de nutrientes (kg ha-1) de 8,42; 0,95; 19,04; 6,74; 4,72; e 8,71 kg ha-1 dos elementos N-NH4+, P, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2 and Na+, respectivamente. A precipitação interna participou com a maior parte da contribuição, em comparação com o escoamento pelo tronco. Os maiores aportes de N-NH4+ (15,03 kg ha-1) e K+ (179,43 kg ha-1) foram observados sob as copas de guachapele em plantio puro. Elevada quantidade de Na+ denota influencia do mar próximo à área experimental. A mangium foi a espécie adaptada à competição por água. Comparativamente ao plantio puro de eucalipto, o plantio misto intensificou a lixiviação de N, Ca e Mg da copa, enquanto o de K e o P aportaram em menores quantidades nesse plantio.
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- 2007
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32. Árvores fixadoras de nitrogênio e macrofauna do solo em pastagem de híbrido de Digitaria Nitrogen-fixing trees and soil macrofauna in Digitaria hybrid pasture
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Paulo Francisco Dias, Sebastião Manhães Souto, Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia, Gudesteu Porto Rocha, Joventino Fernandes Moreira, Khalil de Menezes Rodrigues, and Avílio Antônio Franco
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sistema silvipastoril ,leguminosas arbóreas ,fauna do solo ,silvipastural system ,tree legumes ,soil fauna ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de três leguminosas arbóreas sobre a densidade e a diversidade de macrofauna de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, de baixa fertilidade natural. Duas espécies fixadoras de nitrogênio atmosférico, a orelha-de-negro (Enterolobium contortisiliquum) e o jacarandá-da-baía (Dalbergia nigra), e uma não-fixadora, o angico-canjiquinha (Peltophorum dubium), foram consorciadas em pastagem de capim survenola (híbrido interespecífico entre Digitaria setivalva e Digitaria valida), tendo por testemunha pasto a pleno sol. Formicidae foi o grupo mais abundante em todos os tratamentos, sendo seguido por Oligochaeta, com 47% nos tratamentos com leguminosas e 23% no pasto a pleno sol. Os maiores valores em diversidade de fauna foram obtidos nas amostragens sob as copas das leguminosas fixadoras de N2. A análise multivariada de agrupamento mostrou que o consórcio formado com orelha-de-negro apresentou grupos de fauna bastante semelhantes ao do consórcio formado com jacarandá-da-baía. De acordo com a análise multivariada de correspondência, as leguminosas arbóreas contribuíram para aumentar a densidade de alguns grupos de fauna, principalmente Oligochaeta, Coleoptera, Araneae e Formicidae.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of tree legume species on the density and diversity of macrofauna of a Red Yellow Argisol with low natural fertility. Two nitrogen-fixing trees, orelha-de-negro (Enterolobium contortisiliquum) and jacarandá-da-baía (Dalbergia nigra), and one non nitrogen-fixing tree, angico-canjiquinha (Peltophorum dubium), were intercropped with survenola grass (an interspecific hybrid of Digitaria setivalva and Digitaria valida), having pasture at full sun as control. Formicidae was the most abundant group, followed by Oligochaeta with 47% in the legume treatments and 23% in the pasture at full sun. The largest values for the fauna diversity were obtained in samplings under the canopy of nitrogen-fixing tree legumes. The cluster analysis showed that the intercropping with orelha-de-negro presented soil fauna groups quite similar to the ones under jacarandá-da-baía. According to the correspondence multivariate analysis, the tree legumes contributed to an increase in the density of some fauna groups, mainly Oligochaeta, Coleoptera, Araneae and Formicidae.
- Published
- 2006
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33. Dry matter yield and bromatological composition of gliricidia in different crop densities.
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Castro Filho, Edivilson Silva, Muniz, Evandro Neves, de Albuquerque Rangel, José Henrique, de Arruda Santos, Gladston Rafael, Santana Neto, José Adelson, and de Araujo, Helber Rodrigues
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- *
GLIRICIDIA , *PLANT spacing , *DRY matter content of plants , *BIOMASS production , *PLANT proteins , *FORAGE plants - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different gliricidia planting densities on productive and qualitative parameters. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station Pedro Arle, Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros (Embrapa Coastal Tablelands), in Frei Paulo, Sergipe, Brazil. The effect of densities of 10,000; 20,000; 30,000 and 40,000 plants ha-1 was tested in biomass production (fresh and dry), dry matter content (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid-detergent fiber (ADF), in gliricidia leaves and tender stems. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design with four replications. Production of leaf and stem fresh biomass; production of leaf dry matter; percentage of fresh leaves in relation to the total fresh matter; and percentage of leaf dry matter of 13 cuttings were evaluated from September 2nd, 2009 to December 18th, 2013. There was increase in the production of total fresh matter, leaf fresh matter, and leaf dry matter (P<0.05) in planting densities greater than 20,000 plants ha-1. Year effect (P<0.05) was found only for total production of fresh matter, production of fresh leaves, percentage of leaf fresh matter, leaf dry matter content and crude protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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34. Dependência de micorrizas para a nodulação de leguminosas arbóreas tropicais Dependence on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for nodulation and growth of tropical woody legume species
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Ederson da Conceição Jesus, Jolimar Antônio Schiavo, and Sérgio Miana de Faria
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Piptadenia gonoacantha ,Piptadenia paniculata ,dependência micorrízica ,nodulação ,leguminosas arbóreas ,mycorrhizal dependence ,nodulation ,woody legumes ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
As espécies de leguminosas Piptadenia gonoacantha e Piptadenia paniculata apresentam dificuldade para nodular e crescer em substratos esterilizados, o que dificulta a seleção de estirpes de rizóbio eficientes dessas espécies. As plantas que apresentam nódulos no campo estão micorrizadas. Assim, a boa resposta das plantas no campo pode ser devida à presença de FMAs. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito da micorrização sobre a nodulação e crescimento de plantas de P. gonoacantha e P. paniculata. Os experimentos foram realizados em casa de vegetação, na Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rio de Janeiro. As plantas foram inoculadas com estirpes de rizóbio específicas de cada espécie e com os fungos Gigaspora margarita e Glomus clarum. Ambas as espécies vegetais demonstraram-se altamente responsivas à inoculação com FMAs. Plantas que receberam rizóbios e fungos micorrízicos apresentaram-se noduladas, com maior produção de matéria seca. Já as plantas inoculadas apenas com rizóbio não exibiram nódulos e tiveram menor acúmulo de matéria seca. As plantas de P. gonoacantha apresentaram maior conteúdo de P na parte aérea quando inoculadas com FMAs. Esses resultados indicam que a micorrização é necessária para a nodulação e crescimento satisfatórios das espécies estudadas, e sugere-se a inoculação com FMAs para a seleção de estirpes eficientes de rizóbio em leguminosas com dificuldade de crescimento no sistema convencional de seleção de estirpes.The leguminous species Piptadenia gonoacantha and Piptadenia paniculata do not nodulate and grow well on sterilized substrates. For this reason selection of efficient rhizobial strains for these species becomes hard to perform. Plants growing in the field are well nodulated and colonized with mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal colonization may be an explanation for the good plant responses in the field. The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on nodulation and growth of the woody legume species P. gonoacantha and P. paniculata was studied. The experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions, at Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rio de Janeiro. The species were inoculated with specific rhizobia and with the mycorrhizal fungi Gigaspora margarita and Glomus clarum. Both tree species were highly responsive to mycorrhizal inoculation. Only the plants inoculated with both rhizobium and mycorrhizal fungi were nodulated. Plants inoculated with both rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi presented higher dry matter than those inoculated only with rhizobia. P. gonoacantha plants presented higher shoot phosphorus content when inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi. These results show that mycorrhizal inoculation is needed for nodulation and growth of the tree species studied. We suggest the use of mycorrhizal fungi to select rhizobial strains for legumes which have difficulty to grow in Leonard jars.
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- 2005
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35. Sintomas de deficiência nutricional em mudas de Acacia holosericea em resposta à omissão de macronutrientes Symptoms of nutritional deficiency in seedlings of Acacia holosericea submitted to absence of macronutrients
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Tathiane Santi Sarcinelli, Emerson Silva Ribeiro Jr., Luiz Eduardo Dias, and Leila de Souza Lynch
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Leguminosas arbóreas ,recuperação de áreas degradadas ,nutrição de plantas ,Acacia holosericea ,Leguminous trees ,land reclamation ,plant nutrition ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
A Acacia holosericea é uma espécie leguminosa arbórea bastante utilizada na recuperação de áreas degradadas. O conhecimento dos sintomas de deficiência nutricional apresentados por esta espécie possibilita a identificação e a correção de deficiências em exemplares plantados em substratos degradados. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar a sintomatologia visual de carências de macronutrientes e avaliar a produção de biomassa e o acúmulo de nutrientes nas raízes e na parte aérea de mudas de Acacia holosericea, submetidas a diferentes soluções nutritivas com exclusão de macronutrientes. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de sete soluções nutritivas: 1) solução completa (SC); 2) SC -N; 3) SC -P; 4) SC -K; 5) SC -Ca; 6) SC -Mg; e 7) SC -S. Os tratamentos -N e Mg foram os que mais afetaram a produção total de biomassa. O decréscimo de produção manifestou-se na seguinte ordem: -N = -Mg > -K > -S > -Ca > SC > -P. As plantas do tratamento -N formaram nódulos no sistema radicular, exibindo teores foliares de N maiores que as plantas do tratamento SC. Com exceção dos tratamentos SC e -P, todos os outros apresentaram sintomas de deficiência. A ausência de S alterou a disposição natural dos filódios novos da A. holosericea.Acacia holosericea is a leguminous species that has been extensively used in land reclamation programs. The knowledge of its nutritional symptoms allows the identification and correction of deficiencies in individuals planted in degraded substrates. The aim of this work was to characterize the behavior of seedlings of A. holosericea submitted to different nutritional solutions with absence of macronutrients. The treatments consisted of seven nutritional solutions: 1) Complete solution (SC); 2) SC - N; 3) SC -P; 4) SC -K; 5) SC -Ca; 6) SC -Mg; 7) SC -S. Treatments -N and -Mg were the ones that most affected biomass production. Decrease in biomass production occurred in the following order: -N = -Mg > -K > -S > -Ca > SC > -P. The -N treatment plants formed nodules in their roots, showing higher concentrations of N than those of the SC treatment. Except for the SC and -P treatments, all the other treatments showed nutritional deficiency symptoms. The absence of S has led to a change in the natural disposition of new leaves of A. holosericea.
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- 2004
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36. Integrando leucaena en sistemas de producción de caprinos
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Romana Roschinsky and Frances Cowley
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leguminosas arbóreas ,sistemas silvopastoriles ,biology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,lcsh:S ,Tropics ,Plant Science ,Subtropics ,silvopastoral systems ,Caprus aegagrus hircus ,biology.organism_classification ,Milk production ,pastoreo ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Leucaena ,Agronomy ,Production (economics) ,grazing ,corte y acarreo ,Reproduction ,cut-and-carry ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,tree legumes ,media_common - Abstract
The integration of leucaena into goat production systems in the tropics and subtropics is reviewed. Goats are well adapted to leucaena, and able to be productive on diets containing up to 100% leucaena as a result of bacterial and hepatic detoxification. Incorporation of leucaena into goat production systems can improve liveweight gains, milk production, worm control and reproduction. Successful feeding systems for goats can be based on both grazed silvopastoral systems and cut-and-carry intensive systems, although there is a lack of farming systems research examining the integration of leucaena into goat production systems, or documentation of the practicalities of these practices. Resumen La integración de leucaena en los sistemas de producción de caprinos en el trópico y subtrópico es revisado en este trabajo. Los caprinos están bien adaptados al consumo de leucaena y son capaces de ser productivos en dietas que contienen hasta un 100% de leucaena como resultado de la detoxificación bacteriana y hepática. La incorporación de leucaena en los sistemas de producción caprina tiene el potencial de mejorar las ganancias de peso vivo, la producción de leche, el control de parásitos internos y la reproducción. Sistemas de alimentación exitosos para caprinos pueden basarse tanto en pastoreo en sistemas silvopastoriles como en sistemas intensivos de corte y acarreo. Sin embargo, hay una escasa investigación sobre sistemas agropecuarios que examinen la integración de leucaena en los sistemas de producción caprina, y de documentación de aspectos prácticos de esta integración.
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- 2019
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37. Leucaena muestra potencial en el norte del interior de New South Wales, Australia
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M. A. Brennan, Steven Harden, Carol A. Harris, S. P. Boschma, Lauren Borg, and Brian R. Cullis
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leguminosas arbóreas ,biology ,variance components analysis ,Agroforestry ,lcsh:S ,persistence ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Digitaria eriantha ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Leucaena ,Geography ,persistencia ,Cultivar ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Productivity ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,tree legumes ,Análisis de la varianza de componentes - Abstract
A study was conducted during 2013-2017 to evaluate the potential of 5 cultivars/experimental lines of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) at 2 sites in Northern Inland NSW. In this frost-prone, summer-dominant rainfall region, all cultivars/lines established well and survival was >70% at Bingara and >95% at Manilla. Cultivars Wondergraze and Cunningham were the most productive, producing up to approximately 2.4 t DM/ha and 1.9 t DM/ha per growing season at Bingara and Manilla, respectively. Tropical grass establishment in the alleys was poor with plant productivity inversely related to leucaena productivity. Although this study has confirmed the persistence and productive potential of leucaena, the challenges around tropical grass establishment and persistence as well as the weed potential of leucaena in this region need to be addressed before broad-scale use could be recommended in Northern Inland NSW. Resumen Se realizó un estudio para evaluar el potencial de cinco cultivares/líneas experimentales de leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) en dos sitios en la región norte del interior de NSW durante 2013-2017. En esta región, que se caracteriza por lluvias en verano y ser propensa a heladas, todos los cultivares/líneas se establecieron bien y su supervivencia fue >70% en Bingara y >95% en Manilla. Los cultivares Wondergraze y Cunningham fueron los más productivos, alcanzando hasta 2.4 t MS/ha y 1.9 t MS/ha por época de crecimiento en Bingara y Manilla, respectivamente. El establecimiento de la gramínea tropical asociada (Digitaria eriantha) fue deficiente y su producción estuvo inversamente relacionada con la de la leucaena. Aunque este estudio ha confirmado el potencial de persistencia y productividad de la leucaena, antes de poder recomendar su uso a mayor escala en el interior del norte de NSW es necesario abordar los desafíos relacionados con el establecimiento y la persistencia de las gramíneas tropicales asociadas, así como el potencial de la leucaena de volverse una maleza invasiva en esta región.
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- 2019
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38. Deposição e decomposição da serapilheira em povoamentos de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Acacia mangium e Acacia holosericea com quatro anos de idade em planossolo
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A. G. Andrade, G. S. Costa, and S. M. Faria
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leguminosas arbóreas ,recuperação de solos degradados ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Algumas espécies de leguminosas arbóreas, associadas a bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio e a fungos micorrízicos, têm apresentado bom desenvolvimento em solos degradados. Visando avaliar a influência dessas espécies na recuperação da fertilidade do solo, mediu-se a quantidade de matéria seca e nutrientes no material formador da serapilheira, durante o ano de 1995, e na serapilheira acumulada na superfície do solo, em 1995 e 1996, e estimou-se sua velocidade de decomposição. Estudaram-se povoamentos homogêneos de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (sabiá), Acacia mangium e Acacia holosericea, em espaçamento de 4 m²/planta, em Planossolo, no campo experimental da Embrapa Agrobiologia, município de Seropédica (RJ) (22°49' S e 43°38' W, com altitude variando entre 18 e 33 m). A deposição média anual de material formador da serapilheira foi de 10 Mg ha-1, para o sabiá, e de 9 Mg ha-1, para as Acacias Em média, as folhas corresponderam a 64% do material formador da serapilheira produzido pelo sabiá e pela Acacia holosericea e 70% para Acacia mangium A parte mais rica em nutrientes do material formador da serapilheira foram as estruturas reprodutivas. A Acacia Mangium foi a espécie de maior capacidade de retranslocação interna de nutrientes, produzindo a serapilheira mais pobre em nutrientes e de menor velocidade de decomposição. A serapilheira produzida pelo sabiá foi a mais rica em nutrientes, com menor tempo de residência. As diferentes velocidades de decomposição da serapilheira dessas espécies podem ser utilizadas como estratégia para complementar necessidades nutricionais de culturas econômicas em sistemas agroflorestais e, ou, para auxiliar na recuperação de solos degradados.
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- 2000
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39. COMPORTAMENTO DE MUDAS DE LEGUMINOSAS ARBÓREAS INOCULADAS COM FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES
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Magda Lea Bolzan Zanon, Avílio A. Franco, Marcos Vinicius Winckler Caldeira, and Eliane Maria Ribeiro da Silva
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fungos micorrízicos ,leguminosas arbóreas ,crescimento inicial ou juvenil ,Agriculture ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da inoculação com Fungos Micorrízicos Arbusculares (FMA) no crescimento de duas leguminosas (Cassia leiandra e Chamaecrista desvauxii). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e vinte e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: Clomus clarum (Nicolson & Schenk), Gigaspora margarita (Becker & Hall), Fungos Nativos e Testemunha (sem inoculação). As mudas foram cultivadas em substrato com composto orgânico, argila, areia e fosfato natural de rocha na proporção de 6:2:1:1. Cento e sessenta e oito dias após a germinação, foram avaliados diâmetro do colo, altura, biomassa aérea, biomassa subterrânea de raízes grossas e finas, percentagem de colonização micorrízicas. Apesar das mudas de Chamaecrista desvauxii terem apresentado maior percentagem de colonização micorrízica com Gigaspora margarita, não houve efeito da inoculação em nenhuma das variáveis avaliadas. Mudas de Cassia leiandra foram colonizadas igualmente por Glomus clarum, Gigaspora margarita e fungos nativos, no entanto incrementos de biomassa aérea e biomassa subterrânea de raízes finas foram observados apenas nas mudas inoculadas com Glomus clarum.
- Published
- 1999
40. Regeneração natural após 13 anos de plantio com espécies arbóreas fixadoras de nitrogênio em Valença, no estado do Rio de Janeiro
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LIMA, K. D. R. de, CORREIA, M. E. F., CAMPELLO, E. F. C., RESENDE, A. S. de, KHADIDJA DANTAS ROCHA DE LIMA, Escola da Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Norte, MARIA ELIZABETH FERNANDES CORREIA, CNPAB, EDUARDO FRANCIA CARNEIRO CAMPELLO, CNPAB, and ALEXANDER SILVA DE RESENDE, CNPAB.
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RAD ,Leguminosas arbóreas - Abstract
Este trabalho avaliou a regeneração natural em área plantada há 13 anos com diferentes proporções de leguminosas fixadoras de nitrogênio. O plantio foi realizado em 2001, em pastagem abandonada, em Valença, sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro, com seis espécies florestais arbóreas não nodulantes, consorciadas com sete espécies leguminosas arbóreas nodulantes, de forma a estabelecer quatro proporções de leguminosas (30, 50, 65 e 80%) na composição botânica inicial. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições em parcelas de 940 m2. Em 2014, foram avaliados indivíduos regenerantes (? 60 cm) dentro de cada parcela e as espécies foram identificadas e classificadas quanto ao hábito de crescimento, grupo ecológico e síndrome de dispersão. Quantificouse densidade absoluta, frequências absoluta e relativa e os índices de diversidade de Shannon e de equabilidade de Pielou. Foram encontradas 37 espécies que não haviam sido plantadas inicialmente. Somente três, das 13 espécies plantadas estiveram presentes no banco de plântulas. A maioria das espécies regenerantes eram arbóreas, pioneiras, com hábito de dispersão por zoocoria. O plantio misto com leguminosas arbóreas nodulantes é eficaz na ativação do processo de sucessão ecológica, uma vez que garante um alto recrutamento de espécies nativas regenerantes, com destaque para a composição botânica com 50 e 65%. Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-09T18:00:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Regeneracao-natural-apos-13-anos-de-plantio.pdf: 340296 bytes, checksum: 2a32c637f266006d3ea00613cdc21572 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021 Natural regeneration after 13 years of revegetation with nitrogen- fixing trees in Valença, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazi
- Published
- 2021
41. SELEÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS PARA REVEGETAÇÃO DE ÁREAS DEGRADADAS POR MINERAÇÃO DE PIÇARRA NA CAATINGA.
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DE LIMA, KHADIDJA DANTAS ROCHA, MONTANDON CHAER, GUILHERME, COSTA ROWS, JANAÍNA RIBEIRO, MENDONÇA, VANDER, and DE RESENDE, ALEXANDER SILVA
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
42. Disponibilidad de biomasa y contenido de proteína cruda de Hyparrhenia rufa y Panicum maximun cv Tanzania asociadas con Leucaena leucocephala y Gliricidia sepium en sistema de pasturas en callejones
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Ronaldo Martín Jiménez Gómez, Francisco José Chavarría-Ñamendi, Álvaro Jose González Martínez, and Joel Rojas Hernández
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leguminosas arbóreas ,Biomass (ecology) ,lcsh:S ,Biology ,lcsh:S1-972 ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Protein content ,Animal science ,Grazing ,disponibilidad de biomasa ,composición botánica ,pasturas en callejones ,Dry matter ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,proteína cruda ,Legume - Abstract
It was evaluated the effect of the partnership of H. rufa and P. maximun cv Tanzania with L. leucocephala and G. sepium in the availability of biomass and crude protein content (PC). The study was carried out in the property Santa Maria, La Chocolata, Rivas. The area was of 2 579.2 m2 divided into two plots with: three double rows of black and two G. sepium of L. leucocephala, with a distance of 7 m between alley, furrow between 1 m and 0.5 m between plants . The evaluation was carried out between 2009 and 2010 with seven cycles of grazing and frequency of 48 to 53 days of rest. The availability and botanical composition was made with the technique of double-sampling BOTANAL a day before grazing. Defined scales from 1 to 5 based on the percentage of cover, height, relationship stem-leaf (grass); cup diameter, height and number of sprouts (legume). The grass is short to 20 cm and 80 cm the legumes. For the dry matter is took a sample of 200 g and are dry for 72 h at 60 °C. It is performed an ANOVA for repeated measures and a linear regression. It was found that H. rufa is higher on tillering with 95.4 surpassing by more than 11% to Tanzania, however this last exceeded in diameter of tillers in over 16% to H. rufa. Tanzania contains 24% more than biomes that H. rufa and with the contribution of biomass of the legume is difference is 22.2%. L. leucocephala exceeds 90 % and 22% in availability of biomass to G. sepium in both pastures. In the contents of PC, Tanzania is above than 34% and 2.3 % in the edible and non-edible part respectively. Similarly L. leucocephala overcame 13 and 18% to G. sepium in two pastures.
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- 2018
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43. Silvopastoral systems drive the nitrogen-cycling bacterial community in soil
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Victor Lucas Vieira Prudêncio de Araújo, Felipe José Cury Fracetto, Mario Andrade Lira Junior, Felipe Martins do Rêgo Barros, Giselle Gomes Monteiro Fracetto, and José Petrônio Mendes Júnior
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0301 basic medicine ,16 rRNA ,Soil Science ,Brachiaria ,Tree legumes ,Pasture ,AOB ,Gliricidia ,03 medical and health sciences ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Nitrogen cycle ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,General Veterinary ,biology ,nifH ,Intercropping ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:S1-972 ,030104 developmental biology ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Diazotroph ,Leguminosas arbóreas ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Gliricidia sepium ,Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis ,Food Science - Abstract
Intercropping tree legumes with forage grasses in a silvopastoral system can avoid pasture degradation benefiting the soil. In such a system, nitrogen (N) is supplied by symbiosis between legumes and bacteria. However, the pasture quality determines the action of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which possess nifH genes, which encode nitrogenase enzyme. Ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), involved in the nitrification step, can be evaluated by specific regions of the 16S rRNA corresponding to AOB. Thus, we investigated the influence of the introduction of tree legumes into a silvopastoral system on the community structure and abundance of total bacteria, diazotrophic bacteria and ammonium-oxidizing bacteria by DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and real-time qPCR (quantitative PCR). The experiment involved nine plots of one hectare each, planted with sabia (Mimosa caesalpinifolia), a Gliricidia species (Gliricidia sepium), and a Brachiaria species (Brachiaria decumbens) in a randomized block design, forming three treatments: I-Brachiaria intercropped with sabia; II-Brachiaria intercropped with Gliricidia and III-Brachiaria only, with three replicates. The structures of the total bacterial and ammonium-oxidizing bacterial communities were influenced by tree legume introduction, possibly through modification of the soil chemical attributes. The copy numbers of total bacteria, ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and diazotrophic bacteria were higher in soils planted with legumes, which provided better conditions for microbial growth compared to planting with the Brachiaria species alone. Silvopastoral management with tree legumes improves the biological quality of soil, favouring the bacterial community linked to N-cycling. RESUMO O consórcio de leguminosas arbóreas com gramíneas forrageiras em sistema silvipastoril pode evitar a degradação das pastagens e recuperá-las. Neste sistema, o fornecimento de nitrogênio (N) ocorre através da simbiose entre leguminosas e bactérias. No entanto, a qualidade das pastagens permite a ação de bactérias diazotróficas de vida livre, que possuem o gene nifH que codifica a enzima nitrogenase. Além disso, na etapa da nitrificação, as bactérias amônio oxidantes (AOB) são avaliadas por regiões específicas do 16S rRNA de AOB. Assim, investigamos a influência da introdução das leguminosas arbóreas no sistema silvipastoril na estrutura da comunidade, na diversidade e na abundância de bactérias totais, bactérias diazotróficas e bactérias amônio oxidantes por DGGE (Eletroforese em Gel com Gradiente Desnaturante) e qPCR (PCR quantitativa em tempo real). O experimento teve nove parcelas de um hectare com Sabiá (Mimosa caesalpinifolia), Gliricídia (Gliricidia sepium) e Braquiária solteira (Brachiaria decumbens), em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com três tratamentos: I-Braquiária em consórcio com Sabiá; II-Braquiária em consórcio com Gliricídia e III - Braquiária solteira, com três repetições. A estrutura das comunidades de bactérias totais e bactérias amônio oxidantes foi influenciada pela introdução das leguminosas arbóreas, possivelmente por meio da modificação dos atributos químicos do solo. Bactérias totais, bactérias amônio oxidantes e bactérias diazotróficas foram mais abundantes nos solos sob leguminosas, que proporcionaram melhores condições para o crescimento microbiano quando comparado à braquiária solteira. O manejo silvipastoril com leguminosas arbóreas melhora a qualidade biológica do solo, favorecendo a comunidade bacteriana ligada ao ciclo do N.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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44. Aporte nutrimental de especies arbóreas fijadoras de nitrógeno en sistemas agroforestales con café
- Author
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Garza Lau, Rubén, Maldonado Torres, Ranferi, Álvarez Sánchez, María Edna, and Torres Rivera, José Antonio
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leguminosas arbóreas ,balance nutrimental ,análisis foliar ,fijación biológica de nitrógeno ,porcentaje de sombra - Abstract
Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias en Agroforestería para el Desarrollo Sostenible) En la ciudad de Huatusco, Veracruz se llevó a cabo un estudio para determinar la influencia que tiene el sombreado con árboles fijadores de nitrógeno en el cultivo de café. Para ello, se describieron cuatro sistemas (tres con leguminosas arbóreas y uno sin ellas) a través de su espaciamiento, edad, altura y porcentaje de sombra para conocer las interacciones físicas. Se realizó un análisis de suelo y foliar para corroborar las interacciones químicas, y se analizaron nódulos en microscopio electrónico de barrido para comprobar su actividad. Posteriormente se propuso una dosis de fertilización con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad del cultivo y, a su vez, del suelo, para promover un balance nutrimental que mejore la fijación biológica de nitrógeno. Los cambios en el cultivo fueron evaluados a partir de tres análisis foliares y rendimiento al mes de diciembre. El manejo nutrimental propuesto permitió un mejor aprovechamiento de los nutrientes por parte de los cafetos, elevando concentraciones de N, P, K, Ca, Mg y Mn, y reduciendo a concentraciones normales los elementos Fe, Cu y Zn. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, CONACyT
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- 2020
45. Revisión de prácticas de establecimiento de Leucaena leucocephala cv. Tarramba en Timor Occidental, Indonesia
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Jacob Nulik and Debora Kana Hau
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lcsh:Agriculture ,leguminosas arbóreas ,Bare-root seedlings ,establishment ,lcsh:S ,Establecimiento ,tree legumes - Abstract
With increasing cattle production in East Nusa Tenggara Province there is an urgent need to increase plantings of high quality forage such as Tarramba leucaena. This requires stakeholders to acquire knowledge and practical skills to achieve reliable plant establishment. As part of a study of Tarramba leucaena adoption in East Nusa Tenggara, it became clear that the best method to establish leucaena was by transplanting 1‒2-month-old seedlings at the beginning of the rainy season that had been pre-prepared in poly-bags at a nursery. However, with varied conditions at the study locations, such as the absence of a dry season water source, farmers have used other methods, including: direct seeding; poly-bag seedlings planted later in the wet season; or older bare-root seedlings harvested from a high-density nursery or from volunteer seedlings growing between rows of established leucaena. This paper elaborates on the different methods of establishment in farmer plantings in Kupang District (West Timor region of East Nusa Tenggara Province), Indonesia. Resumen En vista del incremento de la producción de ganado en la provincia de Nusa Tenggara Oriental existe una necesidad urgente de aumentar la producción de forraje de alta calidad, por ejemplo de la leucaena cv. Tarramba. Esto requiere conocimientos y habilidades prácticas de los productores para poder lograr un establecimiento confiable del cultivo. Un estudio de adopción de la leucaena Tarramba en Nusa Tenggara Oriental mostró que el mejor método para establecer la leucaena fue el trasplante de plántulas de 1‒2 meses de edad al comienzo de la época de lluvias, usando plántulas en bolsas de polietileno procedentes de un vivero. Sin embargo, en vista de la variabilidad de las condiciones de establecimiento en los sitios de estudio, tales como la disponibilidad de agua en la época seca, los productores usan diferentes métodos, entre ellos: siembra directa; trasplante de plántulas en bolsas plásticas más tarde en la época lluviosa; o trasplante de plantas pequeñas, menos jóvenes con las partes aéreas recortadas, cosechadas en un vivero de alta densidad u obtenidas de poblaciones espontáneas de leucaena que aparecen entre las hileras de árboles en producción. Este documento describe y analiza los diferentes métodos de establecimiento usados por los productores en el distrito de Kupang (región de Timor Occidental, provincia de Nusa Tenggara Oriental), Indonesia.
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- 2019
46. Una actualización sobre la toxicidad de leucaena: ¿Es necesaria la inoculación con Synergistes jonesii?
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SHELTON, H. MAX, KERVEN, GRAHAM L., and DALZELL, SCOTT A.
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Conjugación ,leguminosas arbóreas ,detoxificación microbiana ,Conjugation ,ruminants ,rumiantes ,‘leucaena bug’ ,microbial detoxification ,tree legumes - Abstract
Concern about mimosine toxicity and its management has contributed to the restricted adoption of leucaena as a forage for ruminants. The toxicity is a function of the antimitotic effects of mimosine, which is rapidly converted to isomers of hydroxypyridone (DHP), also toxic compounds, by plant and microbial enzymes. Work by R.J. Jones and colleagues (1960‒1994) identified a rumen bacterium (Synergistes jonesii) capable of degrading DHP, and rumen fluid containing this bacterium was subsequently made available in Australia as a commercial inoculum for cattle producers. Research by University of Queensland and CSIRO over 15 years, commencing in 2003, found evidence for another pathway of toxin management in Indonesia, where hundreds of Balinese farmers had fed uninoculated Bali bulls (Bos javanicus) up to 100% leucaena without experiencing toxicity symptoms, apart from an initial 1‒2 week period while their cattle became adapted to the new diet. Tests showed that the Indonesian cattle were not degrading all DHP, as it appeared in high concentrations in urine samples, predominantly as 2,3-DHP and almost all (>97%) in a conjugated form. The conjugating compounds (glucuronic acid and sulfate compounds), produced in the liver, appeared to be the major pathway for neutralizing the toxicity of DHP. Other work revealed that S. jonesii was a ubiquitous organism in the rumen fluid of animals in all countries but always as a minor population, just detectable using new PCR-based assays, and sometimes not detected in all animals studied. Since the Indonesian cattle fed leucaena suffered symptoms of mimosine toxicity for only a short time before quickly recovering, we hypothesize that conjugation of DHP by the liver was the major detoxification pathway for these animals. This detoxification pathway is also operative in Australia and other countries but further studies are needed to determine its significance. Resumen La preocupación sobre la toxicidad de la mimosina y su manejo ha contribuido a que la adopción de leucaena como forraje para los rumiantes estuviera restringida a nivel mundial. La toxicidad se debe a los efectos antimitóticos de la mimosina, la cual mediante enzimas microbianas y de la planta se convierte rápidamente en compuestos también tóxicos, isómeros de la hidroxipiridona (DHP). Los trabajos de R.J. Jones y sus colegas (1960‒1994) identificaron una bacteria ruminal (Synergistes jonesii) que es capaz de degradar el DHP. Posteriormente el líquido ruminal conteniendo esta bacteria se convirtió en Australia en un inoculante comercial para los productores ganaderos. En investigaciones realizadas por la Universidad de Queensland y CSIRO durante los últimos 15 años se encontró evidencia de otra vía de manejo de toxinas en Indonesia, donde cientos de productores balineses habían alimentado toretes no inoculados de ganado Bali (Bos javanicus) con hasta 100% de leucaena sin experimentar síntomas de toxicidad, aparte de un período inicial de 1‒2 semanas durante el cual los animales se adaptaron a la nueva dieta. Las pruebas mostraron que el ganado indonesio no estaba degradando todo el DHP ya que aparecía en altas concentraciones en muestras de orina, predominantemente como 2,3-DHP y casi todo (>97%) en forma conjugada. Los compuestos de conjugación (ácido glucurónico y compuestos de sulfato), producidos en el hígado, parecieron ser la principal vía para neutralizar la toxicidad del DHP. Otro trabajo reveló que S. jonesii es un organismo ubicuo que se puede detectar en el líquido ruminal de animales en todos los países, pero siempre en poblaciones bajas, muchas veces solo detectables usando nuevos métodos basados en PCR y a veces no detectadas en todos los animales examinados. En vista de que el ganado indonesio alimentado con leucaena mostró síntomas de toxicidad por mimosina solo por poco tiempo y se recuperó rápidamente, nuestra hipótesis es que la conjugación del DHP por el hígado es la principal vía de detoxificación en estos animales. Esta vía de detoxificación también se presenta en Australia y otros países pero se necesitan estudios para determinar su significancia.
- Published
- 2019
47. Leucaena cultivars - current releases and future opportunities
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Scott A. Dalzell
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0106 biological sciences ,Germplasm ,Fitomejoramiento ,leguminosas arbóreas ,resistencia a plagas ,hibridación ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Plant Science ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,0403 veterinary science ,Heteropsylla cubana ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Leucaena ,psyllid resistance ,plant breeding ,Cultivar ,Plant breeding ,Hybridization ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Leucaena leucocephala ,lcsh:S ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Agronomy ,PEST analysis ,Weed ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,tree legumes - Abstract
The Leucaena genus is made up of 24 different species (19 diploid and 5 tetraploid species). However, early use of the Leucaena genus in agricultural systems was based entirely upon a very narrow germplasm base. A single genotype of Leucaena leucocephala ssp. leucocephala (‘common’ leucaena) was spread pantropically from its center of origin in Mexico over 400 years ago. Genetic improvement of Leucaena leucocephala began in the 1950s, when vigorous ‘giant’ leucaena (L. leucocephala ssp. glabrata) was identified in Australia and Hawaii. Cultivars such as Hawaiian Giant K8, Peru and El Salvador were selected and promoted for grazing in Australia and multipurpose agroforestry uses throughout the tropics. Plant breeding for improved forage production resulted in the release of cv. Cunningham in 1976 in Australia. These cultivars of ‘giant’ Leucaena leucocephala displayed broad environmental adaptability, with the exception of poor tolerance of cold temperatures (and frost) and acid soils. The outbreak of the psyllid insect pest (Heteropsylla cubana) from Cuba during the 1980s devastated both ‘common’ and ‘giant’ leucaena all around the world. This challenge resulted in renewed interest in lesser-known Leucaena spp. that exhibited tolerance to the pest and in interspecific hybridization as a means of developing new cultivars. Some ‘giant’ leucaena lines exhibited excellent agronomic traits and a degree of tolerance to the psyllid pest and this resulted in the release of new cultivars in Australia (cvv. Tarramba and Wondergraze) and Hawaii (cv. LxL). Since the 1990s, plant breeding programs have sought to develop cultivars with greater psyllid tolerance using interspecific hybridization. This has resulted in the release of cv. ‘KX2-Hawaii’ for timber and forage production, and a backcrossed forage cultivar cv. Redlands (Australia). Both cultivars are based upon interspecific hybridization between L. pallida and L. leucocephala ssp. glabrata. Cold-temperature and acid-soil tolerance have been pursued in South American breeding programs based upon L. diversifolia, without commercial success. The development of sterile Leucaena spp. cultivars is currently underway to nullify the environmental weed potential of all current commercial cultivars. Tolerance to cold temperatures (L. diversifolia, L. pallida, L. pulverulenta and L. trichandra), frost (L. greggii and L. retusa) and psyllids (L. collinsii) exists within the Leucaena genus and may be exploited in future hybridization programs. New genetic analyses and molecular plant breeding techniques have the potential to facilitate further gene transfer between Leucaena spp. for the development of the next generation of multipurpose cultivars. Resumen El género Leucaena está compuesto por 24 especies diferentes (19 diploides y 5 tetraploides). Sin embargo, en su primera fase el uso del género Leucaena en sistemas agropecuarios se basó exclusivamente en una estrecha base de germoplasma. Un solo genotipo de Leucaena leucocephala ssp. leucocephala (leucaena ‘común’) fue el que que hace más de 400 años se dispersó pantropicalmente desde su centro de origen en México. El mejoramiento genético de Leucaena leucocephala comenzó en la década de 1950, cuando se identificó una vigorosa leucaena ‘gigante’ en Australia y Hawái, L. leucocephala ssp. glabrata. Cultivares como Hawaiian Giant K8, Peru y El Salvador fueron seleccionados y promovidos para pastoreo en Australia y usos agroforestales múltiples en todo el trópico. Un programa de fitomejoramiento buscando mayor rendimiento de forraje resultó en la liberación del cv. Cunningham en 1976 en Australia. Los cultivares del tipo ‘gigante’ de Leucaena leucocephala mostraron una amplia adaptabilidad a las condiciones ambientales, con excepción de tolerancia a temperaturas bajas (incluyendo heladas) y suelos ácidos. El brote del insecto plaga Heteropsylla cubana (Psyllidae) durante la década de 1980 tuvo un efecto devastador en las leucaenas ‘común’ y ‘gigante’ en todo el mundo. Este desafío dio lugar a un renovado interés en especies menos conocidas de Leucaena que mostraran tolerancia a la plaga, y en la hibridación interespecífica como medio para desarrollar nuevos cultivares. Algunas líneas de leucaena ‘gigante’ exhibieron excelentes características agronómicas y cierta tolerancia a la plaga de los psílidos, lo que dio lugar a la liberación de nuevos cultivares en Australia (cvv. Tarramba y Wondergraze) y Hawái (cv. LxL). Desde la década de 1990, programas de fitomejoramiento han buscado desarrollar cultivares con mayor tolerancia a los Psyllidae utilizando la hibridación interespecífica. Como resultado se liberó el cv. ‘KX2-Hawaii’ para la producción de madera y forraje, y cv. Redlands en Australia, un cultivar forrajero retrocruzado. Ambos cultivares están basados en la hibridación interespecífica entre L. pallida y L. leucocephala ssp. glabrata. En Sudamérica se llevaron a cabo proyectos de mejoramiento basados en L. diversifolia buscando tolerancia a temperaturas bajas y suelos ácidos, sin embargo sin éxito comercial. Proyectos actualmente en curso tienen como objetivo desarrollar cultivares de Leucaena spp. estériles para eliminar el potencial de maleza ambiental de los actuales cultivares comerciales. Dentro del género Leucaena sí existen características como tolerancia a temperaturas bajas (L. diversifolia, L. pallida, L. pulverulenta y L. trichandra), a heladas (L. greggii y L. retusa) y a los psílidos (L. collinsii) y se podrán explotar en futuros programas de hibridación. Las nuevas técnicas disponibles de análisis genético y reproducción molecular de plantas tienen el potencial de facilitar la transferencia de genes entre especies de Leucaena con el fin de desarrollar la próxima generación de cultivares multipropósito.
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- 2019
48. Detección de Synergistes jonesii y variantes genéticas en rumiantes de diferentes regiones geográficas
- Author
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MCSWEENEY, CHRIS S., PADMANABHA, JAGADISH, HALLIDAY, MICHAEL J., HUBBARD, BEN, DIERENS, LEANNE, DENMAN, STUART E., and SHELTON, H. MAX
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Leucaena ,rumen fluid ,líquido ruminal ,polimorfismos de nucleótido simple (SNPs) ,single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ,Leguminosas arbóreas ,16S PCR ,tree legumes ,2,3 & 3,4-DHP - Abstract
Leucaena leucocephala is a nutritionally rich forage tree legume that contains a toxic non-protein amino acid, mimosine, from which other toxic compounds 3,4-dihydroxypyridone (3,4-DHP) and 2,3-DHP are formed in the rumen. The rumen bacterium Synergistes jonesii is able to degrade these DHP isomers into non-toxic end products. In this study we developed new PCR-based assays to improve the specificity and sensitivity of detection of S. jonesii in the rumen. Using these new assays in a survey of ruminants from different countries, S. jonesii appeared to be ubiquitous rather than isolated geographically. The bacterium was present as a minor population (
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- 2019
49. Evaluating crude protein concentration of leucaena forage and the dietary legume content selected by cattle grazing leucaena and C4 grasses in northern Australia
- Author
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Kylie Hopkins, Maree K. Bowen, Rob Dixon, and D. J. Reid
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0106 biological sciences ,leguminosas arbóreas ,Forage ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,near infrared reflectance spectroscopy ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Leucaena ,Animal science ,Calidad de dieta ,Grazing ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Legume ,Feces ,Cattle grazing ,pastos tropicales ,biology ,lcsh:S ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,tropical pastures ,NIRS ,Northern australia ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,valor nutritivo ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,forage quality ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Protein concentration ,Diet quality ,010606 plant biology & botany ,tree legumes - Abstract
In Australia’s central and southern Queensland regions, Leucaena leucocephala-grass pastures produce substantially more beef and higher profits than grass-only pastures and annual forage crops. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) provides a rapid and cost-effective approach to assessing quality of available forage as well as the quality of the diet selected by cattle, but existing calibrations have not been comprehensively validated for leucaena-grass pastures. This study examined the reliability of existing northern Australian calibrations for NIRS to predict the crude protein (CP) concentration of the edible fraction of the leucaena plant, and the proportion of leucaena in the diet of grazing cattle. Samples of edible leucaena and cattle feces were analyzed by NIRS and the predictions plotted in a linear regression and fitted to a 1:1 line with Dumas analysis of CP for leucaena forage, and mass spectrometry of δ13C for cattle feces. Results demonstrated that prediction of the CP concentration of leucaena forage and the proportion of leucaena in the diet of grazing cattle using current broad northern Australian NIRS forage calibrations were associated with substantial error. However, it is likely that these errors can be reduced with the inclusion in the calibration data set of more samples representing leucaena forage and feces of cattle grazing leucaena from varying locations, seasonal conditions and management strategies. Resumen En las regiones central y sur de Queensland, Australia, pasturas con Leucaena leucocephala y gramíneas producen sustancialmente más carne y mayores ingresos en comparación con pasturas de solo gramíneas o con cultivos forrajeros anuales. La espectroscopía de reflectancia en el infrarrojo cercano (NIRS) es un método rápido y económico para evaluar la calidad de forraje disponible, así como la calidad de la dieta seleccionada por el ganado. Sin embargo, las calibraciones disponibles no se han validado de manera exhaustiva para las pasturas de asociaciones de leucaena con gramíneas. En este estudio se examinó la confiabilidad de las calibraciones actualmente existentes en el norte de Australia para NIRS, para predecir la concentración de proteína cruda (PC) en la fracción comestible de plantas de leucaena y la proporción de leucaena en la dieta seleccionada por ganado pastando mezclas con gramíneas. Se analizaron por NIRS muestras de leucaena y de heces de ganado y se proyectaron las predicciones en una regresión lineal ajustadas a una línea 1:1 usando el método de análisis de Dumas para CP en el forraje de leucaena y la espectrometría de masas de δ13C para las heces de ganado. Los resultados demostraron que usando las calibraciones de NIRS que actualmente existen para forraje en el norte de Australia, las predicciones de la concentración de PC en el forraje de leucaena y de la proporción de leucaena en la dieta del ganado en pastoreo, estaban asociadas con errores sustanciales. Sin embargo, es probable que estos errores se puedan reducir si en el conjunto de datos de calibración se incluyen muestras adicionales representativas de forraje de leucaena y de heces de animales pastoreando leucaena provenientes de diferentes lugares, condiciones estacionales y estrategias de manejo.
- Published
- 2019
50. SOIL FAUNA ALONG THE PROCESS OF ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION IN GULLIES REVEGETATED IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF PINHEIRAL - RJ
- Author
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Eduardo Francia Carneiro Campelo, Sonia Carmela Falci Dechen, Avílio Antônio Franco, Alexander Silva de Resende, Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia, Khalil de Menezes Rodrigues, and Fernanda de Lima Camilo
- Subjects
leguminosas arbóreas ,0106 biological sciences ,Fauna ,Soil biology ,01 natural sciences ,leguminous tree ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Acacia mangium ,fauna epígea ,lcsh:Forestry ,Revegetation ,recovery of degraded areas ,biology ,Ecology ,lcsh:S ,Species diversity ,Forestry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,epigeal fauna ,Geography ,recuperação de áreas degradadas ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,lcsh:SD1-669.5 ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Secondary forest ,Species richness ,Epigeal ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade, riqueza e composição da comunidade da fauna do solo epígea em uma voçoroca revegetada no ano de 2000 com diferentes espécies de leguminosas arbóreas. A voçoroca está localizada no Instituto Federal de Educação (IFRJ) campus Nilo Peçanha no município de Pinheiral - RJ. Foram avaliadas as seguintes áreas: plantio de Acacia mangium Willd. (PA), plantio de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (PM), plantio de leguminosas arbóreas no terço superior da encosta (PTS), plantio de leguminosas no interior da voçoroca (IVR2000). Os plantios de A. mangium e M. caesalpiniifolia foram realizados antes da revegetação. Para efeito comparativo também foi avaliada uma área de floresta secundária com 20 anos, próxima ao local de coleta. Na coleta da fauna do solo epígea foram utilizadas 10 armadilhas do tipo pitfall (MOLDENKE, 1994) por área. Foram realizadas três coletas, uma no início da revegetação, em maio de 2000, em junho de 2006 e abril de 2008. Houve um aumento no número de grupos e na diversidade da fauna do solo no plantio no terço superior, no interior da voçoroca, e no plantio de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia após 6 anos da intervenção. Nas coletas realizadas em 2000 e 2006, a APC mostrou que a maioria dos grupos estava associada ao ano de 2006, mostrando total antagonismo com o ano de 2000. O plantio de Acacia mangium foi a área com o menor número de grupos. Na coleta realizada em 2008, a pastagem foi a área com menor número médio de grupos coletados e na análise de componentes principais (ACP) do interior da voçoroca os grupos estavam associados ao ano de 2008 com total antagonismo com os anos de 2000 e 2006. Os grupos Formicidae e Collembola (Entomobryomorpha) foram os mais dominantes em todas as áreas amostradas no ano de 2000 e 2008 e no interior da voçoroca ano de 2006. ABSTRACT The diversity, richness and composition of the soil epigeous fauna community were evaluated in a re-vegetated gully at the Instituto Federal de Educação (IFRJ) campus Nilo Peçanha, in the municipality of Pinheiral, Rio de Janeiro state. Revegetation was performed in 2000, and consisted of four different strategies involving N-fixing trees: planting Acacia mangium Willd. (PA); planting Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (PM); on the outer edges of the gully head (PTS); and planting a mix of legume tree species into the gully (IVR2000). Acacia mangium and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia were planted above the gully head. A nearby 20-year secondary forest remnant was used as a reference site. Ten pitfall traps were used for the sampling of epigeous fauna at each one of the five areas (MOLDENKE, 1994). Sampling was performe in May 2000, June 2006, and April 2008. Six years after revegetation has started, fauna group richness and diversity increased both into the gully and in Mimosa caesalpiniifolia plantation. For the 2000 and 2006 samplings a PCA showed that groups were mostly associated to 2006, and completely opposite to 2000. Acacia mangium plantation had the lowest group richness. In the 2008 sampling, pasture showed the lowest group richness, and according to the PCA groups into the gully were associated to 2008, and completely opposite to 2000 and 2006. Formicidae and Collembola (Entomobryomorpha) were dominant in all sampled areas, both in 2000 and 2008, and into the gully in 2006 as well.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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