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In the early 1950s, the socioeconomic situation in Franco's Spain had not improved much even though the famine had already passed. The autarchy led to a continuous shortage that caused popular unrest in the Spanish population. The adoption of this economic policy and its consequences have created, for historians, a supporting and articulating element of the regime, but could hunger end with Franco or with Francoism? This is what we try to elucidate in these pages, based on innovative sources such as official reports from Francoism and American Intelligence Agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Infant mortality is affected by deleterious, socioeconomic and environmental living conditions, which are aggravated in exceptional situations. Objective: To describe infant mortality in the Havana municipality of La Lisa during the three-year period 1991-1993, according to the differential stratification of living conditions in the territory. Methods: An observational, descriptive and transversal study (of exploratory ecological type) was carried out in the capital municipality of La Lisa, in the triennium 1991-1993, where the units of analysis were the health areas stratified by automatic classification. The fundamental variables were living conditions, according to different dimensions and their variables, and the central infant mortality rates in the period, considering its components and the basic cause of death. Results: The municipality was stratified according to its living conditions in favorable and unfavorable settlements. Infant mortality was higher in the settlement with unfavorable living conditions (10.3 deaths per 1000 live births), where obstetric trauma, idiopathic death and sepsis predominated as causes of death. Conclusions: Stratification according to living conditions in the municipality of La Lisa was achieved. The population settlement with unfavorable living conditions showed a substantial differential infant mortality risk, probably associated with hygienic-sanitary and socioeconomic factors, according to the causes of death recorded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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COVID-19 and the resulting lockdowns created an unprecedented upheaval in consumers' daily lives and lifestyles. The purpose of this research was to understand the psychological experience of life under lockdowns and the role of individual difference variables in that experience. Using survey data from U.S. consumers, the research identified two opposite feelings, coexisting: happy camper feeling or unhappy prisoner feeling. Younger, lower income, and less educated consumers felt more like prisoners than campers. Ability to maintain life as usual, and positive pre-pandemic life conditions (health, social network, and job satisfaction) led to happy camper feelings. In contrast, pre-pandemic materialism led to a prisoner-like experience. As we enter the now reopening marketplaces, we should ask: How shall we, as consumers, live our post-COVID lives. The research findings also suggest some directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Villa de Salamanca de Bacalar was a border settlement between Mexico and Belize during the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries. The goal of this article is to re-create the living conditions of three adult personages (two males and one female) who lived around the first half of the nineteenth century. They were buried beneath sacred spaces inside the San Joaquin Church. An osteobiographic approach has been employed, using a fictional narrative based on historical evidence. I am able to re-create the social environment before and during the Caste War of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Using the framework of a skeletal stress indicator, I analyze the physical and osteopathological conditions of these three personages. The result is the re-creation of the living conditions and daily life of a segment of the population that was subjected to precarious hygienic conditions, recurrent infectious diseases, and significant workloads. An osteobiographic approach allows me to place their lives and deaths in the context of individual and collective behaviors, customs, and ways of life of a peripheral town in Novohispanic Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess mental health and life conditions in adolescents with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) and healthy controls quarantined during COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A cross-sectional study included 155 ARD adolescents and 105 healthy controls. Online survey included self-reported strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), and a semi-structured questionnaire with demographic data, daily home and school routine, physical activities, and COVID-19 information during the pandemic. Results: Among patients, 56% had juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), 29% juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE), and 15% juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). No differences were found regarding sex, ethnicity, and current age between ARD patients and controls (p > 0.05). Abnormal emotional SDQ (38% vs. 35%, p = 0.653) were similar in both groups. Logistic regression analyses in ARD patients demonstrated that female (OR = 2.4; 95%CI 1.0–6.0; p = 0.044) was associated with severe emotional SDQ dysfunction, whereas sleep problems were considered as a risk factor for both worse total SDQ (OR = 2.6; 95%CI 1.2–5.5; p = 0.009) and emotional SDQ scores (OR = 4.6; 95%CI 2.2–9.7; p < 0.001). Comparisons between ARD patients with and without current prednisone use showed higher median scores of peer problems in the first group [3 (0–10) vs. 2 (0–7), p = 0.049], whereas similar median and frequencies between JIA, JSLE, and JDM (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Approximately one third of JIA, JSLE, and JDM patients presented abnormal total and emotional scores of SDQ during COVID-19 quarantine. Sleep problems were the main factor associated with emotional difficulties in these ARD adolescents. The knowledge of mental health issues rates in adolescents with ARD supports the development of prevention strategies, like sleep hygiene counseling, as well as the references of the affected patients to specialized mental health services, as necessary. Key Points • One third of ARD patients presented mental health issues during COVID-19 quarantine • Sleep problems were associated with emotional difficulties. • It is necessary to warn pediatric rheumatologists about the importance of sleep hygiene counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Early Childhood is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Senegalese migration arrived in Argentina in the mid-1990s and saw an increased flow towards 2008. Despite the efforts made from different approaches to study this trend, it has yet been impossible to assess its magnitude or get any other socio-demographic data of said population. This paper presents the main results of a quantitative survey carried out among the Senegalese population residing in various areas within Argentine territory and conveys their main limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our aim was to examine whether work conditions could be associated with alcohol use even after taking into account life conditions outside of work. Methods: In 2019, 591 consecutive French workers were screened for alcohol use with the Fast Alcohol Consumption Evaluation (FACE). Ten different work conditions and four life conditions outside of work were assessed with 5-item Likert scales. Sociodemographic factors, smoking status and the Copenhaguen Burn-out Inventory were also collected. The associations between each work condition and FACE total score were examined with generalized linear models. Results: After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, the following work conditions were associated with a decreased FACE total score: "positive and/or grateful feedback on your work" (B = –0.22 (95%CI: –0.37; –0.07), p = 0.004), "time to do your job well" (B = –0.19 (95%CI: –0.35; –0.03), p = 0.019) and "freedom to organize your work" (B = –0.25(95%CI: –0.43; –0.08), p = 0.004). After further adjusting for life conditions outside of work, "positive and/or grateful feedback on your work" (B = –0.18 (95%CI: –0.33; –0.03), p = 0.021) and "freedom to organize your work" (B = –0.20(95%CI: –0.38; –0.02), p = 0.027) remained significantly associated with FACE total score. Additional adjustments for smoking status and burnout did not alter these results. Conclusions: Life conditions outside of work should not interfere with how improvements work conditions can help reduce alcohol use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors of the article wonder about the evolution of living conditions on archaeological sites between 1980 and 2010, in parallel with the professionalization of field archaeologists in France. The temporary nature of archaeology activity has led a time to accept precarious living conditions that the establishment of preventive archaeology has contributed to denouncing and transforming. In this perspective, the focus on this evolution is particularly effective in disjointing the intricacies of two modes of existence : the precarious and the temporary.

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article argues that the concept of communicability that is central to the distinction between communicable diseases (CDs) and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is poorly conceptualized. The epidemic spread of NCDs such as diabetes, depression, and eating disorders demonstrates that they are communicable, even if they are not infectious. We need to more critically explore how they might be communicable in specific environments. All diseases with epidemic potential, we argue, should be assumed to be communicable in a broader sense, and that the underlying medical distinction between infectious and noninfectious diseases confuses our understanding of NCD epidemics when these categories are treated as synonymous with ‘communicable’ and ‘noncommunicable’ diseases, respectively. The dominant role accorded to the concept of ‘lifestyle’, with its focus on individual responsibility, is part of the problem, rather than the solution, and the labelling of some NCDs as ‘lifestyle diseases’ is misleading. Founded on a critical understanding of global health and globalized medicine, we propose to explore the dynamics of the phenomena of contamination and biosocial contagion in networks. An analytics of biosocial epidemics needs to be developed by a medical anthropology that is engaged in a critical dialogue with both medicine and biology.

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Copyright of Odeere is the property of Edicoes UESB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In psychology, the study of the subjective well-being construct has become more complex by incorporating, among others, indicators of human development and living conditions. The aim of the work was the construction and validation of the Subjective Well-Being and Living Conditions scale (BISCOV) with Mexican adults. The study was carried out in two phases. In the first the instrument was built, its construction and theoretical relevance were evaluated by five judges and it was applied to 80 people selected in a non-probabilistic way. With this pilot version, its reliability and factorial structure were analyzed. The final version of the BISCOV was applied to 436 people selected in a non-probabilistic way. The scale had adequate reliability (Chronbach's α between .8 and .9) and the structural model showed a good fit (CFI= .98, TLI= .97, RMSEA= .06). The psychometric characteristics allow us to have a good quality instrument to assess subjective well-being and living conditions in the Mexican population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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It reflects here on living conditions and awareness of young people with children in institutional sheltering, whose judicial measures aimed at preserving the threatened or violated rights of these children. The research sought to identify the fundamental elements that interfered in the social reproduction of the family and which compromised the protection and care for the children of these young people. It was found that these situations denounce a total lack of living conditions for themselves and their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Sociedade e Estado is the property of Sociedade e Estado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research of species composition and life conditions of green spaces on the plantations of the sanitary protection zones, distribution of plants by height, diameter and the phytosanitary conditions is important to solve the existing environmental problems. It is necessary to conduct an inventory of green plantations using the data, which might help with the process of bringing them up to date. We conducted the research at the cite of a tree plantation inside the sanitary protection zone of the "Ukrainian Graphite" PJSC. The inventory was conducted in accordance with the instruction of technical inventory of green planting in the cities and urban villages of Ukraine. Assessment of the of plants' condition was carried out using a scale by H.G. Yakubov (2005). The index of living conditions of a tree stand and its damage was calculated using Alekseev formulas. In the course of study we have found out that Plantations of trees are comprised of 29 species in total, belonging to 18 different families, the most numerous of which are Fabaceae Lindl. And Ulmaceae Mirb. The most numerous is the group of plants the height of which ranges from 18.1 to 20.0 meters. Plants with a diameter that varies between 28.1 – 32 cm and 100.1 – 104 cm appear to be dominant. No signs of weakening were observed in a 7.58 % of the total number of plants in the research plot. Symptoms of moderate weakening (category I) were observed in a 61.37% of the total amount of trees. The most numerous in this category were plants of such species as Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Ulmus carpinifolia Rupp. Phytosanitary condition of plantations is satisfactory. Thus, we may conclude that the sanitary protection zone of the "Ukrainian Graphite" PJSC is in dire need of systematic reconstruction of the green plantations with the aim to boost its ecological impact on air purity, but also for the sake of its architectural and aesthetic value.

The aim of this article is to inquire on the processes of generalized precarization through the analysis of women life conditions in Spain between 1995 and 2010. The analysis is based on the statistical treatment of two surveys: the European Community Household Panel (1995 and 2000) and the Life Conditions Survey (2005 and 2010). The commonly accepted hypothesis that women constituted a more precarious social group than men is complexified by introducing other variables (employment-non employment, maternity, age, country of origin…). The text analyses specifically the socio-economic dimension in order to, besides confirm that women access to employment takes always place with more precarious conditions, propose that today’s analysis can not be unlinked from the context of generalized precarization (employment but also life precarization) that is affecting even those who till recently were considered “stable”. El objetivo de este artículo es indagar en los procesos de precarización generalizada a través del análisis de las condiciones de vida de las mujeres en España entre 1995 y 2010. El análisis se apoya en el tratamiento estadístico de dos encuestas: Panel de hogares de la Unión Europea (1995 y 2000) y Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida (2005 y 2010). La hipótesis comúnmente aceptada de que las mujeres forman un grupo social más precario que los varones se verá complejizada con la introducción de otras variables de análisis (empleo-no empleo, maternidad, edad, origen…). El texto analiza específicamente la dimensión socio-económica para, a la vez que confirma que la incorporación de las mujeres al mercado laboral se realiza siempre en condiciones de mayor precariedad, apostar por la necesidad de que el análisis no sea desligado de un contexto de precarización generalizada (del empleo, pero también de la vida) que afecta a quienes hasta ahora eran considerados “estables”. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2674582

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This study explores the daily life and its psychological meaning in a young refugee camp in Molé, in the North of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This is an original case study that aims to understand aspects from daily life in the camp, like health, education, food, shelters, hobbies, jobs, psychological needs, and its main psychological consequences. This research was exploratory and qualitative, based on open-ended questions, participant observation, and recording of photos, with eight Central-African refugee camp inhabitants. The main results point to a permanent focus on the bad living conditions in the camp, associated with sadness, hopelessness, deep psychological suffering, and uncertainty about the future. The discussion of these results is necessary to understand life in camps and to improve life conditions with other types of protection, since camps are an immediate solution. It is also important to address refugees' psychological needs and to draw community and individual interventions as early as possible in order to mitigate their suffering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through crowdfunding an activity is financed by the contribution of a lot of people, initiators of innovative projects, people or organizations with beneficial ideas, coming to support the others, but who have no money for that, are put in contact with citizens, with thousands of users willing to support such proposals. Donors feel involved in the community and help to make a change. This activity fits perfectly into the category which is recognized in practice and theory as "solidary economy", "the third sector of the economy" or "social entrepreneurship". In fact, is is a form of offering new and innovative solutions for older needs, proving its ability to contribute to satisfying some needs such as social, economic and environmental problems, which the countries of the world, their economies and population are confronting.

Embryogenesis and post-embryogenesis of spiders depend on several environmental factors including light and temperature. This study was aimed at evaluating the impact of different thermal and lighting conditions on embryonic and early post-embryonic development of Eratigena atrica . Embryos, larvae, nymphs I and II were incubated at constant temperatures of 12, 22, 25 and 32 °C under three different light regimes: light, dark, light/dark. Extreme temperatures (12 and 32 °C) significantly increased mortality of embryos (to 100%) and nymphs II, whereas larvae and nymphs I suffered reduced survival only at the lowest temperature. Moreover, the lowest temperature reduced the development rate of all stages. The impact of light conditions was less pronounced and more variable: constant light reduced the survival of nymphs I at lower temperatures, but increased that of larvae. Moreover, light increased the time of embryonic development and duration of nymphal stages, particularly at lower temperatures (12–22 °C). Thus, the most optimal locations for spiders seem to be dark (though except larval stage) and warm (25 °C) sites, where their development is fastest and mortality lowest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correlation of economic, social and educational achievements between generations of the same family is a matter of great interest for the analysis of equal opportunities in society. The aim of this article is to quantify the impact and extent of the intergenerational transmission of poverty in Spain. Using data from the specific module on the intergenerational transmission of economic disadvantage in the 2011 Life Conditions Survey, propensity score matching was used to study the relationship between the economic disadvantage of one generation and the next. The results show that having economic disadvantage during adolescence increases the probability of poverty in adulthood. This impact has been reduced in younger generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trashumante. Revista Americana de Historia Social is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A pesquisa objetivou estudar a distribuição espacial da tuberculose e a sua relação com condições de vida na área urbana do município de Campina Grande no período de 2004 a 2007. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico que utilizou a malha dos bairros do município; dados demográficos, sociais e econômicos do censo 2000; e os casos novos de tuberculose notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação. Realizou-se o georeferenciamento dos casos de tuberculose e calculou-se a taxa de incidência da doença por bairro. Foi feita suavização das taxas e calculado o Índice de Moran Global. Os dados socioeconômicos foram agrupados em quartis segundo o Índice de Condições de Vida e calculou-se a incidência da tuberculose em cada estrato de condições de vida. Os resultados mostram que a distribuição espacial da tuberculose na cidade não é uniforme. O agrupamento dos bairros de acordo com o Índice de Condições de Vida revelou diferenças sociais que podem justificar a ocorrência das maiores taxas de incidência nas regiões social e economicamente mais vulneráveis. O estrato de melhor condição de vida apresentou elevada incidência, possivelmente devido à subnotificação dos casos de tuberculose causada principalmente pela centralização do serviço de controle da doença. Espera-se que este estudo possa subsidiar o delineamento das estratégias de controle no município de Campina Grande, na perspectiva da promoção da saúde, de uma doença tão caracteristicamente de determinação social como a TB.This research aimed to study the spatial distribution of tuberculosis and its relationship with living conditions in the urban area of the city of Campina Grande in the period from 2004 until 2007. It is an ecologic study which used the city's neighborhood distribution; demographic, social and economic data from year 2000 census; and the new cases of tuberculosis reported to the Disease and Reporting Information System. Georeferencing was done for the cases of tuberculosis, and disease incidence was calculated by neighborhood. Rates were softened and the Global Moran Index was calculated. Social-economic data were grouped in quartiles according to the Life Condition Index, calculating the incidence of TB in each stratum of living conditions. The results showed that the spatial distribution of tuberculosis in the city is not uniform. Grouping neighborhoods according to the Life Conditions Index revealed social differences that can justify the occurrence of higher incidence rates in the most socially and economically vulnerable regions. The best living condition stratum presented a high incidence possibly due to the underreporting of the cases of tuberculosis caused mainly by the centralization of disease control services. We hope that this study may help outline control strategies for the city of Campina Grande, from the perspective of health promotion, for a disease so socially determined, as is the case of TB.

The article is based on the theoretical presumption that the successful and balanced spatial development at all hierarchical levels (local, regional, national, international) depends on close and effective partnership, cooperation and communication of many groups of the different actors. It brings own definition of partnership for local and regional development and there is included basic categorisation of different kind of partnerships as well. The importance of partnership and cooperation for territorial development is demonstrated on analyses of the concrete project from Znojmo region (project Moravian Wine Trails). The following part of the article pays attention to the selected problematic issues in Znojmo region which might be solved in future by means of partnership among the different groups of the stakeholders. The conclusion brings some recommendations which could be useful not only for municipal and regional authorities but for other groups of stakeholders as well.

The aim of this study was to identify the degree of correlation between quality of life at work (QVT) and personal lifestyle (EV) among physical education teachers. The sample, 1645 teachers, was selected in three phases. The first phase divided southern Brazil into federal states. The second subdivided each state into mesoregions and the third considered individual regional teaching centers. Data collection used questionnaires to evaluate QVT and EV. The single group Chi-square Test was used to establish discrepancies of opinion and behavior and the Spearman Test to evaluate correlations between the investigated variables, with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the teachers are unsatisfied with salaries, working conditions, social integration and available leisure time; also revealed poor diet and stress control and limited personal physical activity. Evidence to support an association between specific concerns and socio-environmental position was insufficient to establish correlations between QVT and EV.

Nos estudos sobre desenvolvimento e pobreza a educação escolar é considerada, na maior parte dos casos, condição essencial para uma melhoria de condições de vida. Questionando esse pressuposto, este artigo analisa as representações e práticas sociais de famílias do subúrbio de Maputo relativamente à educação escolar dos seus descendentes.Studies about development and poverty, usually consider schooling an essential condition for improving life conditions. Challenging this presupposition, the present article analyses the social representations and practices of families in the outskirts of Maputo concerning the schooling of its descendants.

Objective: to obtain a health profile to classify homes of Medellín city, according to similarities due to life and health conditions. Materials and methods: for the creation of a health profile, information was taken from the data collected in the Quality of Life Survey, Medellín, 2004, where variables referring to life conditions and health determinants were selected. An analysis of mean components was made to choose those that explained the greater variability among homes, then a cluster analysis in 2 steps was performed to group the homes according to their life and health conditions. Results: the observed correlations appeared in the expected directions. A total of 12 components explain 69% of the variability of the data, contributing to a greater proportion of variability the variables of life conditions. In Medellín, 5 types of homes were identified sharing the same conditions of life and health. Conclusion: multivariant techniques allow to conclude that Medellín’s home classification into 5 types regarding their determinants of health provides opportunities to make formulation of intervention programs at the population level possible.

The lifeworld term and the programmatic demand for lifeworld-orientation are well established within the entire field of modern day social work. The subject of this article is the introduction of a lifeworld-concept, that is based on an epistemological distinction between “lifeworld” (Lebenswelt) and “life conditions” (Lebenslage). In this context, the term “lifeworld” and its usage will be critically reconsidered and then contrasted to the term “life conditions”. By taking a closer look at the differentiation between the life we live (i.e. the live as it happens), the life we experience and the life which we communicate to others, it becomes possible to demonstrate the specific borders and requirements of perception and communication, which have to be handled responsibly in research, teaching and practical work in order to meet professional, legal and normative standards.

Epidemiological researches are aware of the importance of physical activity in health promotion, especially in the area of cardiovascular disease and obesity. The Latin American study of nutrition and health (ELANS) Venezuelan group, developed a polietapic cross-sectional research during years 2014-2015. Present study characterized anthropometric profiles and habitual physical activity, during leisure time and active transportation (walking and biking) using the long version of the IPAQ questionnaire. The study comprised 1132 Venezuelan subjects15 to 65 years of age, previously defined by socio-economic and demographic factors. Taking these parameters into account, the following regions were selected: Capital, Oriental, Los Llanos, Central, Guayana, Andes and Occidental. Males showed more overweight and females greater obesity. Abdominal obesity characterized both groups with dominance and at early age in women. The main transportation was BY bus (67%) in the three socio-economic strata and in all the regions. 63% performed for at least 10 minutes daily walking to move from one place to another with differences by sex, region and frequency. The male group performed more vigorous activity (soccer) and in general, 34.9% preferred dance and choreography. The environment of sedentary behavior with significant differences by region was defined by watching television (92.1%), sitting and talking with friends (80.5%), talking on the phone (74.8%), and the use of computer and internet (52.6%). The home environment was characterized by proximity to services in the surroundings, and high levels of insecurity in their area and places of recreation, mainly associated with the absence of street lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]