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Pineapple has strong adaptability to acidic soil and has become a significant economic fruit crop in the tropics and subtropics. The multidrug and toxin compound extrusion (MATE) gene family plays crucial roles in plant growth, development and responses to adverse stresses, especially in acidic soils. In this study, forty-two AcMATE genes were identified and classified into six subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. The chromosomal distribution, physical characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, and gene and protein structures of pineapple MATE gene family members were systematically analysed. Our results showed that six AcMATE genes can be further clustered into subfamily III with similar conserved motifs and exon-intron patterns, and are unevenly distributed on four pineapple chromosomes. Citrate exuding motif (CEM) was present in all six AcMATE proteins of subfamily III. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR experiments indicated that subfamily III AcMATE genes were highly expressed in roots and distinctly upregulated under Al stresses. In conclusion, our study illustrated that the AcMATE genes of subfamily III may function as an Al-induced citrate transporter in alleviating Al toxicity to adapt acidic soil in pineapple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminium (Al3+) toxicity in acidic soils poses a significant challenge for crop cultivation and reduces crop productivity. The primary defense mechanism against Al3+ toxicity involves the activation of organic acid secretion. In this study, responses of 9 Vigna mungo cultivars to Al3+ toxicity were investigated, with a particular emphasis on the root system and crucial genes involved in Al3+ tolerance using molecular cloning and expression analysis. Sensitive blackgram-KM2 cultivars exposed to 100-µM Al3+ toxicity for 72 h exhibited a root-growth inhibition of approximately 66.17%. Significant loss of membrane integrity and structural deformative roots were found to be the primary symptoms of Al3+ toxicity in blackgram. MATE (Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion) and ALS3 (Aluminium Sensitive 3) genes were successfully cloned from a sensitive blackgram cv KM2 with phylogenetic analysis revealing their evolutionary relationship to Vigna radiata and Glycine max. The MATE gene is mainly localized in the plasma membrane, and highly expressed under Al3+, thus suggesting its role in transports of citrate-Al3+ complexes, and detoxifying Al3+ within plant cells. In addition, ALS3 was also induced under Al3+ toxicity, which codes the UDP-glucose transporter and is required for the maintenance of ions homeostasis. In summary, this study highlights the understanding of Al3+ toxicity and underlying molecular mechanisms linked to the efflux of organic acid in blackgram, ultimately aiding the framework for the development of strategies to enhance the resilience of blackgram and other pulse crops in Al-rich soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) proteins serve as pivotal transporters responsible for the extrusion of metabolites, thereby playing a significant role in both plant development and the detoxification of toxins. The MATE gene family within the Brachypodium distachyon, which is an important model organism of the Poaceae family, remains largely unexplored. Here, a comprehensive identification and analysis of MATE genes that complement B. distachyon were conducted. The BdMATE genes were systematically categorized into five distinct groups, predicated on an assessment of their phylogenetic affinities and protein structure. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that dispersed duplication has significantly contributed to the expansion of the BdMATE genes, with tandem and segmental duplications showing important roles, suggesting that the MATE genes in Poaceae species have embarked on divergent evolutionary trajectories. Examination of ω values demonstrated that BdMATE genes underwent purifying selection throughout the evolutionary process. Furthermore, collinearity analysis has confirmed a high conservation of MATE genes between B. distachyon and rice. The cis-regulatory elements analysis within BdMATEs promoters, coupled with expression patterns, suggests that BdMATEs play important roles during plant development and in response to phytohormones. Collectively, the findings presented establish a foundational basis for the subsequent detailed characterization of the MATE gene family members in B. distachyon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mate Preferences in Human beings inspired Optimization (MPHO) Algorithm and Hybridized Pomsky -Pygoscelis antarcticus - Phengodes Swarm algorithm (HPPP) are applied for solving the genuine power loss reduction problem. Mate Preferences in Human beings inspired Optimization Algorithm has been designed mathematically based on the mate preferences in Human beings. Criteria of selecting the mate may be depending on social and economic conditions, physical attractiveness, stable and intellectual deeds. This action is scientifically demarcated in the exploration section of the procedure. In the exploitation division, both men and women analyze about the conditions in intensified mode before making a final decision. Pomsky Optimization Algorithm is based on the skilled movement of the Pomsky in examining process. Extraordinary snort possessed by Pomsky through which it can identify the various aromas and by level of barking will disclose about the intimacy near the examining entity. Pygoscelis antarcticus Optimization algorithm is designed by Pygoscelis antarcticus clustering behaviour. In foraging Pygoscelis antarcticus moves in cluster or group. Phengodes swarm optimization algorithm is a new algorithm which stimulated from the light emission behavior of glow worms to attract prey. Phengodes Swarm Optimization Algorithm incorporated with the parallel hybrid mutation which unites the uniform distribution mutation with the Gaussian distribution mutation. In hybridized Pomsky - Pygoscelis antarcticus - Phengodes Swarm (HPPP) algorithm, course of iterations and extraordinary degree of divergence will be there with the orientation of amplification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The response of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to metformin may be a variation because of genetic differences in solute carrier (SLC) transporter proteins and other effect factors, which have an important effect on how metformin is processed in the body and its efficiency for glycaemic control. Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the impact of certain genetic variants of the organic cation transporter genes OCT3 (SLC22A3 rs12194182 and rs8187722) and MATE2 (SLC47A2 rs12943590) and their association with glycaemic parameters in patients with T2DM who respond poorly to metformin. Patients and Methods: This cross‐sectional study involved 150 Iraqi cases with T2DM who were prescribed a daily dose of (1000 mg/day) metformin for a minimum of 3 months. Various parameters included are as follows: demographic data, glycaemic parameters and three SNPs: rs12943590 variant of SLC47A2, rs12194182 and rs8187722 variant of SLC22A3 using the standard PCR‐sequencing technique. Results: Thirty‐nine patients (26.17%) were responders, whereas 111 patients (73.82%) could not respond to metformin treatment. Upon analysing the genotypes of the rs12943590 variants of SLC47A2, rs12194182 and rs8187722 SNPs of SLC22A3, the present findings revealed a nonsignificant association of genetic variations in all SNPs with metformin response. SLC47A2 (rs12943590) showed nonsignificant associations of the GG, AA and AG genotyping; SLC22A3 (rs12194182) showed nonsignificant associations of the TT, TC and CC genotyping; and SLC22A3 (rs8187722) showed nonsignificant associations of the AA, CC and AC genotyping between two groups. Conclusion: Variations in genes SLC22A3 and SLC47A2 did not have a significant role in the response of patients with T2DM to metformin (1000 mg/day). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a plant originating from South America. From this plant, mate a drink is produced. Brazil is the first mate producer in the world. The diffusion of mate is mainly limited to the native regions of South America, as it is consumed with cuia and bombilla. Trying to expand mate culture and export it towards Europe makes it necessary to offer this drink in a new guise that sets it apart from traditional preparation patterns. In this instance, the introduction of green tea mate may represent a solution. This innovative product comes from I. paraguariensis sprouts, which are further processed and consumed as green tea from Camellia sinensis. The present study aimed to investigate the physico-chemical and nutraceutical characteristics and consumer perceptions towards the visual aspect of the innovative green tea mate (L1, L2, and L3) compared to commercial traditional Brazilian mate (CI and CB) and roasted mate (L). Moreover, a preliminary sensory evaluation with untrained panellists was carried out. Significant results were detected, highlighting the higher content of bioactive compounds in the innovative product. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) almost doubled in green tea mate (L1 117.14 mg GAE/g d.p., L2 128.10 mg GAE/g d.p., L3 126.21 mg GAE/g d.p.) compared to the other samples (CI 71.91 mg GAE/g d.p., CB 54.23 mg GAE/g d.p., L 34.16 mg GAE/g d.p.) (p < 0.05). Considering caffeine, batches L1 and L3 had a content of 3.68 mg/g d.p. and 3.58 mg/g d.p., respectively, significantly higher when compared to the amount retrieved in the CB sample, 1.57 mg/g d.p. (p < 0.05). The consumer survey demonstrated the interest of consumers towards the new product, as it was perceived similar to more commonly consumed teas, while from a sensory point of view, a vegetal and hay flavour were more defining for the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have shown that multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) is a new secondary transporter family that plays a key role in secondary metabolite transport, the transport of plant hormones and disease resistance in plants. However, detailed information on this family in Gleditsia sinensis has not yet been reported. In the present study, a total of 45 GsMATE protein members were identified and analysed in detail, including with gene classification, phylogenetic evaluation and conserved motif determination. Phylogenetic analysis showed that GsMATE proteins were divided into six subfamilies. Additionally, in order to understand these members' regulatory roles in growth and development in G. sinensis, the GsMATEs expression profiles in different tissues and different developmental stages of thorn were examined in transcriptome data. The results of this study demonstrated that the expression of all MATE genes varies in roots, stems and leaves. Notably, the expression levels of GsMATE26, GsMATE32 and GsMATE43 differ most in the early stages of thorn development, peaking at higher levels than in later stages. Our results provide a foundation for further functional characterisation of this important class of transporter family in G. sinensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background The response of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to metformin may be a variation because of genetic differences in solute carrier (SLC) transporter proteins and other effect factors, which have an important effect on how metformin is processed in the body and its efficiency for glycaemic control. Aim This study was conducted to investigate the impact of certain genetic variants of the organic cation transporter genes OCT3 (SLC22A3 rs12194182 and rs8187722) and MATE2 (SLC47A2 rs12943590) and their association with glycaemic parameters in patients with T2DM who respond poorly to metformin. Patients and Methods This cross‐sectional study involved 150 Iraqi cases with T2DM who were prescribed a daily dose of (1000 mg/day) metformin for a minimum of 3 months. Various parameters included are as follows: demographic data, glycaemic parameters and three SNPs: rs12943590 variant of SLC47A2, rs12194182 and rs8187722 variant of SLC22A3 using the standard PCR‐sequencing technique. Results Thirty‐nine patients (26.17%) were responders, whereas 111 patients (73.82%) could not respond to metformin treatment. Upon analysing the genotypes of the rs12943590 variants of SLC47A2, rs12194182 and rs8187722 SNPs of SLC22A3, the present findings revealed a nonsignificant association of genetic variations in all SNPs with metformin response. SLC47A2 (rs12943590) showed nonsignificant associations of the GG, AA and AG genotyping; SLC22A3 (rs12194182) showed nonsignificant associations of the TT, TC and CC genotyping; and SLC22A3 (rs8187722) showed nonsignificant associations of the AA, CC and AC genotyping between two groups. Conclusion Variations in genes SLC22A3 and SLC47A2 did not have a significant role in the response of patients with T2DM to metformin (1000 mg/day).

The Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) and aluminium activated malate transporter (ALMT) gene families are involved in response to aluminium (Al) stress. In this study, we identified 48 MATE and 14 ALMT gene families in Vigna radiata genome and classified into 5 (MATE) and 3 (ALMT) clades by phylogenetic analysis. All the VrMATE and VrALMT genes were distributed across mungbean chromosomes. Tandem duplication was the main driving force for evolution and expansion of MATE gene family. Collinearity of mungbean with soybean indicated that MATE gene family is closely linked to Glycine max. Eight MATE transporters in clade 2 were found to be associated with previously characterized Al tolerance related MATEs in various plant species. Citrate exuding motif (CEM) was present in seven VrMATEs of clade 2. Promoter analysis revealed abundant plant hormone and stress responsive cis-elements. Results from quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that VrMATE19, VrMATE30 and VrALMT13 genes were markedly up-regulated at different time points under Al stress. Overall, this study offers a new direction for further molecular characterization of the MATE and ALMT genes in mungbean for Al tolerance.

Background: Obesity is closely associated with several chronic diseases, and adipose tissue plays a major role in modulating energy metabolism. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether Mate, derived from I. paraguariensis A.St.-Hil., ameliorates lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Design: 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured for 7 days, following which intracellular lipid accumulation and expression levels of lipid metabolism-related factors were examined. Dorsomorphin was used to investigate the potential pathways involved, particularly the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)- dependent pathway. Mate was administered to rat HFD-fed obese SD models for 8 consecutive weeks. The expression of lipid metabolism-related factors in the organs and tissues collected from dissected SD rats was evaluated. Results: Mate suppressed intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, increased the protein and gene expression levels of AMPK, hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), calmodulin kinase kinase (CaMKK), liver kinase B1 (LKB1), protein kinase A (PKA), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), insulin receptor b (IRβ), and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) (Tyr465), and decreased those of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1C (Srebp1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and IRS1 (Ser1101). Furthermore, an AMPK inhibitor abolished the effects exerted by Mate on intracellular lipid accumulation and HSL and FAS expression levels. Mate treatment suppressed body weight gain and improved serum cholesterol levels in HFD-fed obese SD rats. Treatment with Mate increased the protein and gene expression levels of AMPK, PKA, Erk1/Erk2 (p44/p42), and uncoupling protein 1 and reduced those of mammalian target of rapamycin, S6 kinase, Srebp1c, ap2, FAS, Il6, Adiponectin, Leptin, and Fabp4 in rat HFD-fed obese SD models. Discussion and conclusions: Mate suppressed intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and improved lipid metabolism in the epididymal adipose tissue of HFD-fed obese SD rats via the activation of AMPK-dependent and insulin signaling pathways.

Strategic evaluation is the key link of military strategic system and capacity building. Selecting and evaluating the system construction scheme can optimize strategic decision-making and improve strategic management level to a certain extent. This paper constructs an intelligent selection analysis framework of "prospect cost" system construction scheme based on MATE, and uses NSGA-Ⅱ intelligent optimization algorithm to find the Pareto front of alternative scheme in multi-dimensional tradeoff space, which improves the problem of large data volume. Taking a joint operation system as an example, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified, providing theoretical support for the optimization and evaluation of system construction scheme.

The Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) proteins serve as pivotal transporters responsible for the extrusion of metabolites, thereby playing a significant role in both plant development and the detoxification of toxins. The MATE gene family within the Brachypodium distachyon, which is an important model organism of the Poaceae family, remains largely unexplored. Here, a comprehensive identification and analysis of MATE genes that complement B. distachyon were conducted. The BdMATE genes were systematically categorized into five distinct groups, predicated on an assessment of their phylogenetic affinities and protein structure. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that dispersed duplication has significantly contributed to the expansion of the BdMATE genes, with tandem and segmental duplications showing important roles, suggesting that the MATE genes in Poaceae species have embarked on divergent evolutionary trajectories. Examination of ω values demonstrated that BdMATE genes underwent purifying selection throughout the evolutionary process. Furthermore, collinearity analysis has confirmed a high conservation of MATE genes between B. distachyon and rice. The cis-regulatory elements analysis within BdMATEs promoters, coupled with expression patterns, suggests that BdMATEs play important roles during plant development and in response to phytohormones. Collectively, the findings presented establish a foundational basis for the subsequent detailed characterization of the MATE gene family members in B. distachyon.

Se examina la valoración de la yerba mate como patrimonio agroalimentario regional, en el proceso de construcción del ideario americanista durante la gestión de Juan Manuel de Rosas al frente de la Confederación Argentina. Se detecta que la cultura de la yerba mate alcanzó un fuerte arraigo en la sociedad del Cono Sur en los siglos XVII y XVIII, pero, después de la independencia, la estrategia comercial británica procuró sustituirla por el té, producto imperial funcional a sus intereses. Este proyecto tuvo éxito en varios territorios, como por ejemplo en Chile, donde la élite se plegó a la moda impuesta por los ingleses. Pero en el Río de la Plata, Rosas se empeñó en promover y fortalecer la cultura del mate, como medio estratégico de afirmar la identidad americanista y de resistencia a las pretensiones neocoloniales europeas. Con esta actitud, Rosas fue un pionero en la valoración del patrimonio agroalimentario regional.

SUMMARY: Seed color is one of the key target traits of domestication and artificial selection in chickpeas due to its implications on consumer preference and market value. The complex seed color trait has been well dissected in several crop species; however, the genetic mechanism underlying seed color variation in chickpea remains poorly understood. Here, we employed an integrated genomics strategy involving QTL mapping, high‐density mapping, map‐based cloning, association analysis, and molecular haplotyping in an inter‐specific RIL mapping population, association panel, wild accessions, and introgression lines (ILs) of Cicer gene pool. This delineated a MATE gene, CaMATE23, encoding a Transparent Testa (TT) and its natural allele (8‐bp insertion) and haplotype underlying a major QTL governing seed color on chickpea chromosome 4. Signatures of selective sweep and a strong purifying selection reflected that CaMATE23, especially its 8‐bp insertion natural allelic variant, underwent selection during chickpea domestication. Functional investigations revealed that the 8‐bp insertion containing the third cis‐regulatory RY‐motif element in the CaMATE23 promoter is critical for enhanced binding of CaFUSCA3 transcription factor, a key regulator of seed development and flavonoid biosynthesis, thereby affecting CaMATE23 expression and proanthocyanidin (PA) accumulation in the seed coat to impart varied seed color in chickpea. Consequently, overexpression of CaMATE23 in Arabidopsis tt12 mutant partially restored the seed color phenotype to brown pigmentation, ascertaining its functional role in PA accumulation in the seed coat. These findings shed new light on the seed color regulation and evolutionary history, and highlight the transcriptional regulation of CaMATE23 by CaFUSCA3 in modulating seed color in chickpea. The functionally relevant InDel variation, natural allele, and haplotype from CaMATE23 are vital for translational genomic research, including marker‐assisted breeding, for developing chickpea cultivars with desirable seed color that appeal to consumers and meet global market demand. Significance Statement: Integrated genomic strategy provides novel insights into the transcriptional regulatory role of functional allele and haplotype delineated in a MATE gene selected during Cicer domestication, in regulating varied seed color of chickpea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Command Control & Simulation / Zhihui Kongzhi yu Fangzhen is the property of Command Control & Simulation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a plant originating from South America. From this plant, mate a drink is produced. Brazil is the first mate producer in the world. The diffusion of mate is mainly limited to the native regions of South America, as it is consumed with cuia and bombilla. Trying to expand mate culture and export it towards Europe makes it necessary to offer this drink in a new guise that sets it apart from traditional preparation patterns. In this instance, the introduction of green tea mate may represent a solution. This innovative product comes from I. paraguariensis sprouts, which are further processed and consumed as green tea from Camellia sinensis. The present study aimed to investigate the physico-chemical and nutraceutical characteristics and consumer perceptions towards the visual aspect of the innovative green tea mate (L1, L2, and L3) compared to commercial traditional Brazilian mate (CI and CB) and roasted mate (L). Moreover, a preliminary sensory evaluation with untrained panellists was carried out. Significant results were detected, highlighting the higher content of bioactive compounds in the innovative product. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) almost doubled in green tea mate (L1 117.14 mg GAE/g d.p., L2 128.10 mg GAE/g d.p., L3 126.21 mg GAE/g d.p.) compared to the other samples (CI 71.91 mg GAE/g d.p., CB 54.23 mg GAE/g d.p., L 34.16 mg GAE/g d.p.) (p < 0.05). Considering caffeine, batches L1 and L3 had a content of 3.68 mg/g d.p. and 3.58 mg/g d.p., respectively, significantly higher when compared to the amount retrieved in the CB sample, 1.57 mg/g d.p. (p < 0.05). The consumer survey demonstrated the interest of consumers towards the new product, as it was perceived similar to more commonly consumed teas, while from a sensory point of view, a vegetal and hay flavour were more defining for the product.

The Ilex paraguariensis is a species native to Brazil, Paraguay and Argentine, valued by its positive effects on human health. Mate processing consists of the following stages: pre-drying (rapid drying at high temperature, known as sapeco operation), drying, and milling. In order to verify the current process and to propose future improvements to the mate processing, thermal and mass balance analysis were applied to industrial mate processing units. Results showed that the consumption of energy in sapeco and drying operations exceeds the calorific input necessary for these operations. These results verify the need for a change in the management of temperatures in the sapeco and drying stages of mate processing in order to optimize the consumption of energy, resulting in lower costs, with positive effects on the quality of the mate products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we surveyed Japanese in-service high school biology teachers to clarify their acceptance and understanding of evolution, the status of their teaching on evolution, and to make a preliminary analysis of the relationship between them. The results suggest the following five main findings: 1) The degree of acceptance of evolution among high school biology teachers was higher than that of general citizens, but not much different from biology teachers in other countries. The scores on the item related to the empirical nature of evolutionary biology were relatively low. 2) The high school biology teachers' understanding of evolution was higher than that of general citizens, but there were some problems in understanding natural selection and the term adaptive radiation. 3) Regarding the implementation of lessons on evolution, scores for the use of video teaching materials tended to be relatively high, while scores for observation, experiments, and inquiry activities were low. The percentage of respondents who answered that they did not conduct any observation, experiment, or inquiry activities in these lessons was about 70%. 4) The enrichment of evolution classes was not related to acceptance and understanding of evolution or teaching experience. 5) 95% of teachers felt that there was a lack of teaching materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Producao Online is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Engenharia de Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The mate flavoring is applied in the industry for the production of soft drinks. So, developing a matte flavor for the production of syrups for soft drinks would be a novel product with wide acceptance. That is why the present work aimed to develop a mate flavoring. The mate flavoring presented 13 components for a concentration of 12.37% m/m. The esters were the chemical group with the highest qualitative and quantitative percentage in the flavoring. The compounds with the greatest sensory contribution were three esters and an aldehyde that generally present herbaceous notes reminiscent of natural mate. The dose of flavoring applied in soft drinks was 0.5%, where a mean score of 4.1 was obtained, which corresponds to a good flavor quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the biosynthetic pathway and regulation of flavonoids through forward genetic approaches. However, there remains a notable gap in knowledge regarding the functional characterization and underlying processes of the transport framework responsible for flavonoid transport. This aspect requires further investigation and clarification to achieve a comprehensive understanding. Presently, there are a total of four proposed transport models associated with flavonoids, namely glutathione S-transferase (GST), multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRPs), and bilitranslocase-homolog (BTL). Extensive research has been conducted on the proteins and genes related to these transport models. However, despite these efforts, numerous challenges still exist, leaving much to be explored in the future. Gaining a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying these transport models holds immense potential for various fields such as metabolic engineering, biotechnological approaches, plant protection, and human health. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the understanding of flavonoid transport mechanisms. By doing so, we aim to paint a clear and coherent picture of the dynamic trafficking of flavonoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental cues elicit anthocyanin synthesis in plant vegetative and reproductive tissues. Their accumulation in different organs accounts for their diverse biological functions, mainly related to their antioxidant properties, and it depends on a temporally and spatially regulated mechanism controlled by the action of a well-known multi-transcription factor complex. Despite the highly recognizable value of Cannabis sativa L. as a natural biorefinery of phytochemicals, very little information is known on anthocyanin pigmentation in this species. In this work, a targeted quantification of anthocyanins via HPLC-MS/MS, combined with the transcriptional profile via RT-qPCR of genes encoding for structural and decorating enzymes and regulatory transcription factors in different C. sativa tissues, help gain insights into the anthocyanin pathway in this species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification of cyanidin-3-rutinoside (keracyanin) as the major anthocyanin in C. sativa vegetative and floral tissues. Keracyanin amounts were higher than in small berries, suggesting that Cannabis biomass is a valuable source of colored antioxidants to be exploited in diverse applications. Furthermore, a gene putatively encoding for an anthocyanin DTX35 type transporter and CsTTG1 were identified in silico and their transcriptional levels were assessed via RT-qPCR. The results allow us to provide the first model of anthocyanin regulation in C. sativa, opening a new research scenario in this species for both breeding purposes and phytochemical exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Membrane‐localized transporters constitute important components for specialized metabolism in plants. However, due to the vast array of specialized metabolites produced by plants, and the large families of transporter genes, knowledge about the intracellular and intercellular transport of plant metabolites is still in its infancy.Cucurbitacins are bitter and defensive triterpenoids produced mainly in the cucurbits. Using a comparative genomics and multi‐omics approach, a MATE gene (CsMATE1), physically clustered with cucurbitacin C (CuC) biosynthetic genes, was identified and functionally shown to sequester CuC in cucumber leaf mesophyll cells.Notably, the CuC transport process is strictly co‐regulated with CuC biosynthesis. CsMATE1 clustering with bitterness biosynthesis genes may provide benefits and a basis for this feedback regulation on CuC sequestration and biosynthesis.Identification of transport systems for plant‐specialized metabolites can accelerate the metabolic engineering of high‐value‐added compounds by simplifying their purification process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cisplatin appears to enter the cochlear cells through the organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2). There is recent evidence that multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1) is involved in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Its presence and role in the ear are unknown. Evaluate the presence and localization of MATE1, and determine the localization of OCT2, in the cochlea. Evaluate cisplatin uptake with regard to MATE1 and OCT2 expression. Murine cochlear explants and paraffin-embedded cochleae were evaluated with immunohistochemistry for OCT2 and MATE1. Explant cultures were also treated with Texas Red cisplatin to determine their cellular uptake. MATE1 is present in the cochlea. Most intense labeling of MATE1 and OCT2 was seen in the outer hair cells (OHCs) and pillar cells, respectively. Both transporters were observed in the spiral ganglion neurons and stria vascularis. Expression levels of OCT2 and MATE1 decreased following cisplatin exposure. Texas Red cisplatin staining was strong in OHCs and pillar cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the presence and localization of MATE1 in the cochlea. OCT2 labeling was seen in pillar cells. Consistently, OHCs and pillar cells uptake Texas Red cisplatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family plays pivotal roles in the detoxification process in plants, while no information has been provided for this gene family in melon (Cucumis melo L.) thus far, limiting our understanding of its functions in melon acclimation to stressful environments. In this study, a total of 39 MATEs (CmMATE1–CmMATE39) were observed in the melon genome; these were unevenly distributed in all chromosomes, with the most on Chromosome 1. Based on their orthologous relationship with those from Arabidopsis, rice, and sorghum, melon MATEs were clustered into three subfamilies of Clades I, II, and III, wherein 23, 9, and 7 members were included, respectively. Variable exon number was observed in CmMATEs, and the most were harbored by CmMATE8. Gene ontology (GO) term and cis-regulatory element (CRE) analyses pointed to the potential roles of CmMATEs in both the regulation of melon development and acclimation to various abiotic and biotic stressors. The RNA-seq and qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) results demonstrated that under normal growth conditions, CmMATEs were expressed in a tissue- and development-specific manner, while their abundance apparently varied in a stress-dependent manner when melon plants were exposed to unfavorable environmental conditions. Altogether, these observations could expand our knowledge about the plant MATE family and benefit functional genomics analysis for CmMATEs in the future.

Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion proteins (MATE) can transport small organic molecules in and out of cells and participate in detoxification, nutrient absorption, disease resistance and plant development processes. These compounds are widely distributed in plants. However, the mechanism by which MATE affects grain development remains elusive. In this study, we studied a MATE transporter, OsMATE2, which localized on the membrane. The CRISPR-Cas9 (CR) knockout line of OsMATE2 presented obvious decreases in grain weight. In addition, root development was also affected. Two proteins that interact with OsMATE2, namely, manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and poly(A)-binding protein (PABP), were identified from a screening of yeast library. The results were validated through yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments. The CRISPR-Cas9 (CR) knockout lines of Mn-SOD and PABP presented increased grain size and weight. Our findings demonstrated that OsMATE2 interacts with Mn-SOD and PABP to regulate grain development in rice. • Discover a novel MATE transporter protein OsMATE2 mediating root growth, grain size and weight. • Screen out and validate two OsMATE2 interacting protein Mn-SOD and PABP. • Mn-SOD and PABP CR knockout lines show increase grain size and weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mate is a traditional drink obtained from the leaves of yerba mate and rich in a diversity of plant bioactive compounds including polyphenols, particularly chlorogenic acids. Studies, even though limited, suggest that consumption of mate is associated with health effects, including prevention of cardiometabolic disorders. Molecular mechanisms underlying the potential health properties are still largely unknown, especially in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate nutrigenomic effects of mate consumption and identify regulatory networks potentially mediating cardiometabolic health benefits. Healthy middle-aged men at risk for CVD consumed a standardised mate extract or placebo for 4 weeks. Global gene expression, including protein coding and non-coding RNA profiles, was determined using microarrays. Biological function analyses were performed using integrated bioinformatic tools. Comparison of global gene expression profiles showed significant change following mate consumption with 2635 significantly differentially expressed genes, among which six are miRNA and 244 are lncRNA. Functional analyses showed that these genes are involved in regulation of cell interactions and motility, inflammation or cell signalling. Transcription factors, such as MEF2A, MYB or HNF1A, could have their activity modulated by mate consumption either by direct interaction with polyphenol metabolites or by interactions of metabolites with cell signalling proteins, like p38 or ERK1/2, that could modulate transcription factor activity and regulate expression of genes observed. Correlation analysis suggests that expression profile is inversely associated with gene expression profiles of patients with cardiometabolic disorders. Therefore, mate consumption may exert cardiometabolic protective effects by modulating gene expression towards a protective profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case report describes a 61-year-old male who sought treatment for sudden symptoms of dry cough, chest pain and severe dyspnea. On admission, the patient had hypoxemia and predominantly medullary infiltrate that we could observe on his imaging exams. After hospital discharge, he presented two similar episodes, with clinical and radiological improvement with oxygen therapy alone. He denied exposure to birds, mold or chemical agents. However, the patient noticed the onset of symptoms soon after drinking chimarrão. Given the compatible clinical, radiological and laboratory history, the diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis was performed. The patient was instructed by the medical team not to consume the drink anymore, remaining asymptomatic for more than two years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant extracts may represent an ecofriendly alternative to chemical fungicides to limit aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination of foods and feeds. Mate (Ilex paraguariensis), rosemary (Romarinus officinalis) and green tea (Camellia sinensis) are well known for their beneficial properties, which are mainly related to their richness in bioactive phenolic compounds. AFB1 production is inhibited, with varying efficiency, by acetone/water extracts from these three plants. At 0.45 µg dry matter (DM)/mL of culture medium, mate and green tea extracts were able to completely inhibit AFB1 production in Aspergillus flavus, and rosemary extract completely blocked AFB1 biosynthesis at 3.6 µg DM/mL of culture medium. The anti-AFB1 capacity of the extracts correlated strongly with their phenolic content, but, surprisingly, no such correlation was evident with their antioxidative ability, which is consistent with the ineffectiveness of these extracts against fungal catalase activity. Anti-AFB1 activity correlated more strongly with the radical scavenging capacity of the extracts. This is consistent with the modulation of SOD induced by mate and green tea in Aspergillus flavus. Finally, rutin, a phenolic compound present in the three plants tested in this work, was shown to inhibit AFB1 synthesis and may be responsible for the anti-mycotoxin effect reported herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The recent upsurge in the use of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) as a desirable model for high-priority biomedical research has challenged local and global suppliers struggling to provide sufficient numbers of marmosets for large-scale projects. In laboratories, random male-female pairings are often unsuccessful, with intervals of several months before attempting alternate pairings. Here we address this challenge through a behavioral task that promotes self-directed female selection of potential mates to increase the efficiency of breeding in captive marmosets. We created a partner preference test in which nulliparous females (n = 12) had the opportunity to select between two eligible males (n = 23) at a time, in a forced choice test. In this test, both males and females displayed sexual solicitations. However, the females displayed a clear preference for one male by directing affiliative behaviors toward him including proceptive tongue-flicking, approach, and grooming. Her preference remained consistent across three consecutive test sessions. This method resulted in a 2.5-fold improvement in breeding success within 90 days compared to random pairings. This cost-effective and straightforward pairing practice can be used to enhance breeding efficiency in both small and large marmoset colonies., (© 2024 The Author(s). American Journal of Primatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background As an important group of the multidrug efflux transporter family, the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family has a wide range of functions and is distributed in all kingdoms of living organisms. However, only two MATE genes in apple have been analyzed and genome-wide comprehensive analysis of MATE family is needed. Results In this study, a total of 66 MATE (MdMATE) candidates encoding putative MATE transporters were identified in the apple genome. These MdMATE genes were classified into four groups by phylogenetic analysis with MATE genes in Arabidopsis. Synteny analysis reveals that whole genome duplication (WGD) and segmental duplication events played a major role in the expansion of MATE gene family in apple. MdMATE genes show diverse expression patterns in different tissues/organs and developmental stages. Analysis of cis-regulatory elements in MdMATE promoter regions indicates that the function of MdMATE genes is mainly related to stress response. Besides, the changes of gene expression levels upon different pathogen infections reveal that MdMATE genes are involved in biotic stress response. Conclusions In this work, we systematically identified MdMATE genes in apple genome using a set of bioinformatics approaches. Our comprehensive analysis provided valuable resources for improving disease resistance in apple and further functional characterization of MATE genes in other species.

Abstract Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) proteins are involved in many physiological functions of plant growth and development. Although an increasing number of MATE proteins have been identified, the understanding of MATE proteins is still very limited in rice. In this study, 46 MATE proteins were identified from the rice (Oryza sativa) genome by homology searches and domain prediction. The rice MATE family was divided into four subfamilies based on the phylogenetic tree. Tandem repeats and fragment replication contribute to the expansion of the rice MATE gene family. Gene structure and cis-regulatory elements reveal the potential functions of MATE genes. Analysis of gene expression showed that most of MATE genes were constitutively expressed and the expression patterns of genes in different tissues were analyzed using RNA-seq. Furthermore, qRT-PCR-based analysis showed differential expression patterns in response to salt and drought stress. The analysis results of this study provide comprehensive information on the MATE gene family in rice and will aid in understanding the functional divergence of MATE genes.

Abstract Background A major limiting factor for plant growth is the aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils, especially in tropical regions. The exclusion of Al from the root apex through root exudation of organic acids such as malate and citrate is one of the most ubiquitous tolerance mechanisms in the plant kingdom. Two families of anion channels that confer Al tolerance are well described in the literature, ALMT and MATE family. Results In this study, sugarcane plants constitutively overexpressing the Sorghum bicolor MATE gene (SbMATE) showed improved tolerance to Al when compared to non-transgenic (NT) plants, characterized by sustained root growth and exclusion of aluminum from the root apex based on the result obtained with hematoxylin staining. In addition, genome-wide analysis of the recently released sugarcane genome identified 11 ALMT genes and molecular studies showed potential new targets for aluminum tolerance. Conclusions Our results indicate that the transgenic plants overexpressing the Sorghum bicolor MATE has an improved tolerance to Al. The expression profile of ALMT genes revels potential candidate genes to be used has an alternative for agricultural expansion in Brazil and other areas with aluminum toxicity in poor and acid soils.

Environmental cues elicit anthocyanin synthesis in plant vegetative and reproductive tissues. Their accumulation in different organs accounts for their diverse biological functions, mainly related to their antioxidant properties, and it depends on a temporally and spatially regulated mechanism controlled by the action of a well-known multi-transcription factor complex. Despite the highly recognizable value of Cannabis sativa L. as a natural biorefinery of phytochemicals, very little information is known on anthocyanin pigmentation in this species. In this work, a targeted quantification of anthocyanins via HPLC-MS/MS, combined with the transcriptional profile via RT-qPCR of genes encoding for structural and decorating enzymes and regulatory transcription factors in different C. sativa tissues, help gain insights into the anthocyanin pathway in this species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification of cyanidin-3-rutinoside (keracyanin) as the major anthocyanin in C. sativa vegetative and floral tissues. Keracyanin amounts were higher than in small berries, suggesting that Cannabis biomass is a valuable source of colored antioxidants to be exploited in diverse applications. Furthermore, a gene putatively encoding for an anthocyanin DTX35 type transporter and CsTTG1 were identified in silico and their transcriptional levels were assessed via RT-qPCR. The results allow us to provide the first model of anthocyanin regulation in C. sativa, opening a new research scenario in this species for both breeding purposes and phytochemical exploitation.

Aluminum (Al) toxicity severely restricts the growth and productivity of elephant grass in acidic soils around the world. However, the molecular mechanisms of Al response have not been investigated in elephant grass. In this study, we conducted phenotype, physiology, and transcriptome analysis of elephant grass roots in response to Al stress. Phenotypic analysis revealed that a low concentration of Al stress improved root growth while higher Al concentrations inhibit root growth. Al stress significantly increased the citrate (CA) content in roots, while the expression levels of genes related to citrate synthesis were substantially changed. The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family were identified as hub genes in the co-expression network of Al response in elephant grass roots. Phylogenetic analysis showed that hub genes CpMATE93 and CpMATE158 belonged to the same clade as other MATE genes reported to be involved in citrate transport. Additionally, overexpression of CpMATE93 conferred Al resistance in yeast cells. These results provide a theoretical basis for further studies of molecular mechanisms in the elephant grass response to Al stress and could help breeders develop elite cultivars with Al tolerance. [Display omitted] • Al stress significantly increased the citrate content in roots of elephant grass. • MATEs act as hub genes in the coexpression network of Al response in elephant grass roots. • CpMATE93 might play a significant role in elephant grass roots response to Al stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is an important fruit crop in the world. It is used as a table grape and is also used for raisin and wine production. Grape berries accumulate secondary metabolites, such as anthocyanins, tannins, and resveratrol, which are known as functional compounds for human health. Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter (MATEs) transport secondary metabolites. MATEs also transport other solutes, including organic acids, and toxic xenobiotics, depending on cation gradient and play various roles in plants. MATE comprises 300-500 amino acid residues and possesses a MATE domain and 8-12 transmembrane domains. In the present study, 59 MATE genes were identified in the grape genome, and phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of four groups of grape MATEs (Group 1-4). Their information, such as gene structures, protein motifs, predicted subcellular localizations, and gene IDs of four genome annotations, that is, CRIBI v1, CRIBI v2, Genoscope, and Vcost v3, were annotated. The transport substrates and physiological functions of grape MATEs were estimated based on their homology with the analyzed MATEs in other plant species. Group 1 may transport toxic compounds and alkaloids, Group 2 may transport polyphenolic compounds, Group 3 may transport organic acids, and Group 4 may transport plant hormones related to signal transduction. In addition to the known anthocyanin transporters, VvMATE37 and VvMATE39, a novel anthocyanin transporter, VvMATE38 in Group 2, was suggested as a key transporter for anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skin. VvMATE46, VvMATE47, and VvMATE49 in Group 3 may contribute to Al3+ detoxification and Fe2+/Fe3+ translocation via organic acid transport. This study provides helpful and fundamental information for grape MATE studies and resolves the confusion of gene IDs in different genome annotations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to assess the interaction between Breastfeeding and ALL incidence and different ALL variables in children. Methods: Our case-control study was conducted in the major paediatric cancer centre in Syria. Information was obtained from the hospital's records of patients who did not have a hereditary or chromosomal syndrome and aged 4 years and less. The cases had ALL and controls were hospital inpatients. Children were divided into 3 groups depending on their feeding habits before the age of 6 months. Results: Sixty (85.7%) cases and 59 (72%) controls were exclusively breastfed. Exclusive breastfeeding was found more frequently in the case group P=0.04 (OR, 2.339; CI, 1.025 -5.336). In case group, parents of a low educational level breastfed their children more frequently (P<0.05). Number of siblings was not associated with ALL or any of its variables. Furthermore, infancy feeding pattern correlation with gender, being born with no complications, consanguinity, CD10, FAB classification, ALL-subtype, risk, and family history were insignificant. Conclusion: There are certain practices among the Syrian people, especially among parents of a low educational level that has possibly exposed to carcinogenic substances which were possibly transferred through BF. However, BF had minor effects on the prognosis and subtype of ALL, and number of siblings had no effect on ALL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina Naturista is the property of Sociedad Europea de Medicina Naturista Clasica (Seccion Espanola) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The methanol extract from the leaves of Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. (Aquifoliaceae), popularly known as mate, maté, or yerba maté, inhibits the intracellular triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells and suppresses the plasma triglyceride elevation in olive oil-treated mice. Three new triterpene saponins, termed mateosides I (1), II (2), and III (3), were isolated from the extract along with 29 known compounds. The structures of 1–3 were elucidated based on chemical and spectroscopic evidence. Among the isolates, principal saponin constituents, 2 and matesaponins 1 (7) and 2 (9), potently inhibited the triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells simultaneously treated with oleic acid and high glucose. In vivo assay of the methanol extract of I. paraguariensis revealed that 7 and 9 showed anti-hyperlipidemic activities in olive oil-treated mice. These results suggested that the saponin constituents of I. paraguariensis could be valuable bioactive marker for the anti-obesogenic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays there is an increasing demand for healthy biscuits. The reduction in sugar and fat level, as well as the addition of bioactive compounds, is positively associated with a healthy diet. In the present work, low-fat and low-sugar biscuits were prepared with infusions (mate, coffee, and tea) or with Prosopis chilensis pod flour (PPF). Biscuits were made with maize starch and wheat flour (gluten formulations) or with gluten-free ingredients (gluten-free). The colour, texture, and the antioxidant capacity were evaluated in dough and biscuits. Among the formulations prepared with infusions, the mate dough showed the lowest firmness (1.1 N (gluten)-24.3 N (gluten-free)). However, no significant differences were found in the fracture stress of the final products (P > 0.05). Mate gluten biscuits and PPF gluten-free biscuits showed the highest fracture strain (16.2 and 9.4%, respectively) and the lowest Young’s modulus (7.3 and 13.3 MPa, respectively) in their groups. The highest antioxidant activity was found in biscuits with mate (8.7 µmol FeSO4/g (gluten)-4.3 µmol FeSO4/g (gluten-free)). These values were three times higher than the ones found in the control biscuits (2.9 µmol FeSO4/g (gluten)-3.9 µmol FeSO4/g (gluten-free)). The present results showed that the antioxidant content in biscuits could be successfully increased with infusion addition.