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We investigated whether learning and retaining vocabulary in a second language (L2) can be improved by leveraging a combination of memory enhancement techniques. Specifically, we tested whether combining retrieval practice, spacing, and related manipulations in a 'multidomain' pedagogical approach enhances vocabulary acquisition as compared to a typical learning approach. In a classroom-laboratory design, 48 Turkish university students studying L2 English were trained on 64 English words over 17 days. They were assigned to either a 'typical' study regimen of (re)studying the words on the first day (initial study) and last day (cramming) of training, or an 'optimized' regimen of retrieval practice (retrieving the words), moreover with feedback, spaced throughout the period, moreover with expanding gaps. The target words were tested before training (pre-test) and one and 11 days afterwards (post-tests). Mixed-effects modeling revealed a training-group by test-session interaction, due to greater improvements from optimized training (a striking 18 percentage-point accuracy increase from pre-test to both post-tests) than typical training (an 8 percentage-point increase). Further analyses showed that the optimized training advantages were mainly driven by high (rather than low) frequency words. Overall, the results suggest that a multidomain approach of combining different memory enhancement techniques can lead to substantial gains in both the learning and retention of L2 words, as compared to a typical study pattern. The findings have implications for L2 learning and pedagogy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have conducted research to identify the morphology of magnetic minerals from the land in the Banjarmasin regional settlement area. We used scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM EDS) on the soil sample to look at the shape of its magnetic minerals. In nature, magnetic minerals can indicate the presence of heavy metals. The shape of a magnetic mineral can reveal its origin in either the litogenic or anthropogenic processes. There were mostly pseudo-single domain grains (3.29–10 m) and multidomain grains (> 10–134.69 m) in the study area. The multidomain grains came in the shapes of sperules, irregulars, angles, and prisms. These results indicate that in the residential land location there are magnetic mineral grains originating from litogenic and anthropogenic processes.

Recent technological advancements and evolving regulatory frameworks are catalysing the integration of renewable energy sources in construction equipment, with the objective of significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The electrification of non-road mobile machinery (NRMM), particularly self-propelled Rough-Terrain Variable Reach Trucks (RTVRT) equipped with telescopic booms, presents notable stability challenges. The transition from diesel to electric propulsion systems alters, among other factors, the centre of gravity and the inertial matrix, necessitating precise load capacity determinations through detailed load charts to ensure operational safety. This paper introduces a virtual model constructed through multiphysics modelling utilising the bond graph methodology, incorporating both scalar and vector bonds to facilitate detailed interconnections between mechanical and hydraulic domains. The model encompasses critical components, including the chassis, rear axle, telescopic boom, attachment fork, and wheels, each requiring a comprehensive three-dimensional treatment to accurately resolve spatial dynamics. An illustrative case study, supported by empirical data, demonstrates the model's capabilities, particularly in calculating ground wheel reaction forces and analysing the hydraulic self-levelling behaviour of the attachment fork. Notably, discrepancies within a 10% range are deemed acceptable, reflecting the inherent variability of field operating conditions. Experimental analyses validate the BG-3D simulation model of the telehandler implemented in 20-SIM establishing it as an effective tool for estimating stability limits with satisfactory precision and for predicting dynamic behaviour across diverse operating conditions. Additionally, the paper discusses prospective enhancements to the model, such as the integration of the virtual vehicle model with a variable inclination platform in future research phases, aimed at evaluating both longitudinal and lateral stability in accordance with ISO 22915 standards, promoting operator safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Evidence on the effectiveness of multidomain lifestyle interventions to prevent cognitive decline in older people without dementia is mixed. Embedded in the World-Wide FINGERS initiative, FINGER-NL aims to investigate the effectiveness of a 2-year multidomain lifestyle intervention on cognitive functioning in older Dutch at risk individuals. Methods Multi-center, randomized, controlled, multidomain lifestyle intervention trial with a duration of 24 months. 1210 adults between 60–79 years old with presence of ≥ 2 modifiable risk factors and ≥ 1 non-modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline were recruited between January 2022 and May 2023 via the Dutch Brain Research Registry and across five study sites in the Netherlands. Participants were randomized to either a high-intensity or a low-intensity intervention group. The multidomain intervention comprises a combination of 7 lifestyle components (physical activity, cognitive training, cardiovascular risk factor management, nutritional counseling, sleep counseling, stress management, and social activities) and 1 nutritional product (Souvenaid®) that could help maintain cognitive functioning. The high-intensity intervention group receives a personalized, supervised and hybrid intervention consisting of group meetings (on-site and online) and individual sessions guided by a trained lifestyle coach, and access to a digital intervention platform that provides custom-made training materials and selected lifestyle apps. The low-intensity intervention group receives bi-monthly online lifestyle-related health advice via the digital intervention platform. Primary outcome is 2-year change on a cognitive composite score covering processing speed, executive function, and memory. Results Within 17 months, participant recruitment has been successfully completed (N = 1210; mean age: 67.7 years (SD: 4.6); 64% female). Modifiable risk factors commonly present at baseline were physical inactivity (89%), low mental/cognitive activity (50%), low social engagement (39%), hypertension (39%) and high alcohol consumption (39%). The mean body mass index of participants was 28.3 (SD: 4.2) and the total serum cholesterol was 5.4 mmol/L (SD: 1.2). Conclusions Baseline lifestyle and clinical measurements showed successful recruitment of participants with sufficient potential for prevention. Results of FINGER-NL will provide further insight into the efficacy of a multidomain lifestyle intervention to prevent cognitive decline in older adults. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT05256199)/2022–01-11.

Background: Evidence on the effectiveness of multidomain lifestyle interventions to prevent cognitive decline in older people without dementia is mixed. Embedded in the World-Wide FINGERS initiative, FINGER-NL aims to investigate the effectiveness of a 2-year multidomain lifestyle intervention on cognitive functioning in older Dutch at risk individuals. Methods: Multi-center, randomized, controlled, multidomain lifestyle intervention trial with a duration of 24 months. 1210 adults between 60–79 years old with presence of ≥ 2 modifiable risk factors and ≥ 1 non-modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline were recruited between January 2022 and May 2023 via the Dutch Brain Research Registry and across five study sites in the Netherlands. Participants were randomized to either a high-intensity or a low-intensity intervention group. The multidomain intervention comprises a combination of 7 lifestyle components (physical activity, cognitive training, cardiovascular risk factor management, nutritional counseling, sleep counseling, stress management, and social activities) and 1 nutritional product (Souvenaid®) that could help maintain cognitive functioning. The high-intensity intervention group receives a personalized, supervised and hybrid intervention consisting of group meetings (on-site and online) and individual sessions guided by a trained lifestyle coach, and access to a digital intervention platform that provides custom-made training materials and selected lifestyle apps. The low-intensity intervention group receives bi-monthly online lifestyle-related health advice via the digital intervention platform. Primary outcome is 2-year change on a cognitive composite score covering processing speed, executive function, and memory. Results: Within 17 months, participant recruitment has been successfully completed (N = 1210; mean age: 67.7 years (SD: 4.6); 64% female). Modifiable risk factors commonly present at baseline were physical inactivity (89%), low mental/cognitive activity (50%), low social engagement (39%), hypertension (39%) and high alcohol consumption (39%). The mean body mass index of participants was 28.3 (SD: 4.2) and the total serum cholesterol was 5.4 mmol/L (SD: 1.2). Conclusions: Baseline lifestyle and clinical measurements showed successful recruitment of participants with sufficient potential for prevention. Results of FINGER-NL will provide further insight into the efficacy of a multidomain lifestyle intervention to prevent cognitive decline in older adults. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT05256199)/2022–01-11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine associations between modifiable dementia risk factors (MDRF), across domains mood symptomatology, lifestyle behaviors, cardiovascular conditions, cognitive/social engagement, sleep disorders/symptomatology, with cognition, beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, and brain volume. Middle-aged/older adults (n=82) enrolled in a sub-study of the Healthy Brain Project completed self-report questionnaires and a neuropsychological battery. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of Aβ 1–42, total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau 181) (Roche Elecsys), and MRI markers of hippocampal volume and total brain volume were obtained. Participants were classified as no/single domain risk (≤1 domains) or multidomain risk (≥2 domains). Compared to the no/single domain risk group, the multidomain risk group performed worse on the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (d=0.63, p=.005), and Executive Function (d=0.50, p=.016), and had increased p-tau 181 (d=0.47, p=.042) and t-tau (d=0.54, p=.021). In middle-aged/older adults, multidomain MDRFs were related to increases in tau and worse cognition, but not Aβ or brain volume. Findings suggest that increases in AD biomarkers are apparent in midlife, particularly for individuals with greater burden, or variety of MDRFs. • Modifiable dementia risk factors (MDRF) were classified into five risk domains. • Multidomain MDRFs were associated with increased tau and worse cognition. • MDRF-related increases in Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers occur in midlife. • Multidomain MDRF and cognition association is not fully explained by AD biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multidomain variance-learnable prototypical network (MVPN) is proposed to learn transferable knowledge from a large-scale dataset containing sufficient samples of multiple faults for few-shot diagnosis of novel faults (i.e., disjoint with fault types in the large-scale dataset). Signal characterizations in time, frequency, and time–frequency domains are first constructed to make full use of information contained in severely limited labeled data. Mahalanobis distance is proposed as a criterion for improving classification performance by considering different spreads between classes in the embedding space. The spread variance of each class is learned by constructing an additional deep learning network in the original prototypical network. Multidomain signals are used to learn the prototype representations and spread variances separately, and are finally fused for classification. With the proposed MVPN, deeper variance-learnable embedding learning from wider domain characterizations improves the ability of few-shot fault diagnosis. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of MVPN using datasets collected from a benchmark bearing and a Delta 3-D printer. Results indicate that the proposed MVPN performs competitively compared to state-of-the-art few-shot learning algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent technological advancements and evolving regulatory frameworks are catalysing the integration of renewable energy sources in construction equipment, with the objective of significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The electrification of non-road mobile machinery (NRMM), particularly self-propelled Rough-Terrain Variable Reach Trucks (RTVRT) equipped with telescopic booms, presents notable stability challenges. The transition from diesel to electric propulsion systems alters, among other factors, the centre of gravity and the inertial matrix, necessitating precise load capacity determinations through detailed load charts to ensure operational safety. This paper introduces a virtual model constructed through multiphysics modelling utilising the bond graph methodology, incorporating both scalar and vector bonds to facilitate detailed interconnections between mechanical and hydraulic domains. The model encompasses critical components, including the chassis, rear axle, telescopic boom, attachment fork, and wheels, each requiring a comprehensive three-dimensional treatment to accurately resolve spatial dynamics. An illustrative case study, supported by empirical data, demonstrates the model’s capabilities, particularly in calculating ground wheel reaction forces and analysing the hydraulic self-levelling behaviour of the attachment fork. Notably, discrepancies within a 10% range are deemed acceptable, reflecting the inherent variability of field operating conditions. Experimental analyses validate the BG-3D simulation model of the telehandler implemented in 20-SIM establishing it as an effective tool for estimating stability limits with satisfactory precision and for predicting dynamic behaviour across diverse operating conditions. Additionally, the paper discusses prospective enhancements to the model, such as the integration of the virtual vehicle model with a variable inclination platform in future research phases, aimed at evaluating both longitudinal and lateral stability in accordance with ISO 22915 standards, promoting operator safety.

Clear images are crucial for the optimal performance of various high-level vision-based tasks. However, some inevitable causes, such as bad weather and underwater conditions degrade scene visibility. The tiny particles present in the air absorb and scatter light, causing severe attenuation that results in unclear, low-brightness, and poor-contrast images. Several techniques have been introduced to restore the degradation. However, no model exists to date that can restore multiple degradations using a single model. Therefore, to improve the scene visibility, a unified model called a Multidomain Contextual Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (MCCGAN) is designed, which uses the same parameters across the domains to restore multiple degradations such as fog, haze, rain streaks, snowflakes, smoke, shadows, underwater, and muddy underwater. The proposed model has a novel addition of multiple 1 × 1 convolutional context encoding bottleneck layers between a simple lightweight eight-block encoder and decoder with skip connections which learns the context of each input domain thoroughly, thus generating better-restored images. The MCCGAN is qualitatively and quantitatively compared to various state-of-the-art image-to-image translation models and tested on a few real unseen image domains such as smog, dust, and lightning, and the obtained results successfully improved scene visibility, proving the generalizability of MCCGAN. Moreover, the MS-COCO 2017 validation dataset is used for comparing the performance of object detection, instance segmentation, and image captioning on (1) weather-degraded images, (2) restored images by MCCGAN, and (3) ground truth images, and the results demonstrated the success of our model. An ablation study is also carried out to check the significance of the discriminator, skip connections, and bottleneck layers in MCCGAN, and the analysis suggests that MCCGAN performs better by adding a discriminator, skip connections, and four bottleneck layers in the generator architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global population is undergoing rapid aging, making physical activity a crucial element in preventing mortality and lowering the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Age-related declines in muscle mass and cognitive abilities significantly contribute to frailty and dependency. Thus, this study focuses on a meticulous analysis of the protective effects of multidomain interventions, an emerging resource combating age-related declines. It seeks to underscore their profound impact on cognitive flexibility and sarcopenia, highlighting their pivotal role in mitigating the adverse effects of aging. To identify relevant randomized controlled trials up to November 2023, we reviewed eight online academic databases, following PERSiST guidelines, PRISMA reporting system, and PICOs criteria. Meta-analyses on selected functional outcomes utilized a random-effects model, including the Timed Up and Go Test, Sit to Stand Test, Victoria Stroop Test, and Trail Making Test. Out of 2082 scrutinized articles, 17 were included in the systematic review, and 8 in the meta-analysis. Positive effects (p = 0.05, I2 = 57%; 95% CI – 0.63 to – 0.05) were observed in cognitive flexibility for certain interventions. Similarly, interventions addressing muscle strength demonstrated improvements in the Sit to Stand Test for the exercise group compared to the control group (p = 0.02, I2 = 0%; 95% CI – 0.63 to – 0.05). These findings underscore the importance of incorporating physical activity as a primary component of public health interventions for promoting healthy aging and reducing the burden of age-related diseases. Future interventions may explore more homogeneous approaches and evaluate the impact of thrice multidomain weekly sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motion of rotation is ubiquitous in daily life and industry. Compared with electromagnet motors, smart‐material‐based rotary motors may exhibit more flexibility, robustness, and adaptability. Herein, a lightweight, compact dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) rotary motor with remarkable performance is reported. The motor is driven by a multilayered, slightly‐prestretched (<10%) dielectric elastomer (DE) composite membrane which consists of low‐loss silicone as the DE layers and single‐walled carbon nanotube as electrodes. When operating at frequencies around its resonance, it achieves a maximum rotating speed of 2,850 rpm (to the best of the authors' knowledge, the fastest among all reported DEA rotary motors so far), torque of 0.655 mN m, and power of 34.7 mW with optimized transmission parameters. To demonstrate the motor's practical application, an off‐the‐shelf air vehicle propeller is driven by the motor, and a lift of 26 mN (1.54 times the DEA membrane's own weight) is obtained. An underwater robot driven by a water propeller is designed and a high speed of 175 mm s−1 (1.58 bl s−1) is obtained. The DEA rotary motor of this work paves a new way for driving agile robots in multidomain operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Nepal has committed to achieving universal coverage of quality maternal and newborn health (MNH) services by 2030. Achieving this, however, requires urgently addressing the widening inequity gradient in MNH care utilisation. This qualitative study examined the multidomain systemic and organisational challenges, operating in multi-level health systems, that influence equitable access to MNH services in Nepal. Methods Twenty-eight in-depth interviews were conducted with health policymakers and program managers to understand supply-side perspectives of drivers of inequity in MNH services. Braun and Clarke’s thematic approach was employed in analysing the data. Themes were generated and explained using a multidomain (structural, intermediary, and health system) and multi-level (micro, meso and macro) analytical framework. Results Participants identified underlying factors that intersect at the micro, meso and macro levels of the health system to create inequity in MNH services. Key challenges identified at the macro (federal) level included corruption and poor accountability, weak digital governance and institutionalisation of policies, politicisation of the health workforce, poor regulation of private MNH services, weak health management, and lack of integration of health in all policies. At the meso (provincial) level, identified factors included weak decentralisation, inadequate evidence-based planning, lack of contextualizing health services for the population, and non-health sector policies. Challenges at the micro (local) level were poor quality health care, inadequate empowerment in household decision making and lack of community participation. Structural drivers operated mostly at macro-level political factors; intermediary challenges were within the non-health sector but influenced supply and demand sides of health systems. Conclusions Multidomain systemic and organisational challenges, operating in multi-level health systems, influence the provision of equitable health services in Nepal. Policy reforms and institutional arrangements that align with the country’s federalised health system are needed to narrow the gap. Such reform efforts should include policy and strategic reforms at the federal level, contextualisation of macro-policies at the provincial level, and context-specific health service delivery at the local level. Macro-level policies should be guided by political commitment and strong accountability, including a policy framework for regulating private health services. The decentralisation of power, resources, and institutions at the provincial level is essential for technical support to the local health systems. Integrating health in all policies and implementation is critical in addressing contextual social determinants of health.

Thanh Xuan Nguyen,1,2 Huyen Thi Thanh Vu,1,2 Tuan Nguyen,3– 6 Adrian Esterman,5 Luc Viet Tran,1,2 Janani Thillainadesan,7,8 Vasikaran Naganathan,7,8 Henry Brodaty,9 Anh Trung Nguyen1,2 1Scientific Research Department, National Geriatric Hospital, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam; 2Department of Geriatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam; 3Division of Social Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia; 4School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia; 5UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia; 6Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Ministry of Health of Vietnam, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam; 7Department of Geriatric Medicine and Centre for Education and Research on Ageing (CERA), Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 8Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 9Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaCorrespondence: Thanh Xuan Nguyen, Scientific Research Department, National Geriatric Hospital, 1A, Phuong Mai, Dong Da, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam, Tel +84 983277646, Email xuanthanhbmlk@hmu.edu.vnBackground: Multidomain interventions have been shown to be effective in improving cognition, quality of life, reducing neuropsychiatric symptoms and delaying progression of functional impairment or disability in dementia patients. To investigate the multidomain intervention in other populations and diverse cultural and geographical settings, this pilot study will assess the feasibility of a multidomain intervention for older people with dementia in nursing homes in Vietnam.Methods: Participants will be randomized into two equal groups, to receive either a multidomain intervention (intervention group) or regular health advice (control group). The intervention will include physical, cognitive, and social interventions as well as management of metabolic and vascular risk factors. We will hypothesize that the multidomain intervention will be feasible in Vietnam, and participants who receive the intervention will show improvement in quality of life, behaviors, functional ability, cognitive function, sleep, and in reduction of falls, use of healthcare services, and death rate compared to those in the control group during the 6 months intervention period and after the 6 months extended follow-up.Discussion: This is the first study to evaluate the feasibility of a multidomain intervention program for older people with dementia in nursing homes in Vietnam. The results from the trial will inform clinicians and the public of the possibility of comprehensive treatment beyond simply drug treatments for dementia. This paves the way for further studies to evaluate the long-term effects of multidomain interventions in dementia patients. Furthermore, the research results will provide information on the effectiveness of multidomain interventions which will inform policy development on dementia.Trial Registration: The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04948450 on 02/07/2021.Keywords: dementia, multidomain, intervention, feasibility

Various vision-based tasks suffer from inaccurate navigation and poor performance due to inevitable problems, such as adverse weather conditions like haze, fog, rain, snow, and clouds affecting ground and aerial navigation, as well as underwater images being degraded with blue-green tones and mud affecting marine navigation. Existing techniques in the literature typically focus on restoring specific degradations using separate models, leading to computational inefficiency. To address this, an all-in-one Multidomain Attention-based Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (MACGAN) is proposed to improve scene visibility for optimal ground, aerial, and marine navigation, using the same set of parameters across all domains. The MACGAN is a lightweight network with four encoder and decoder blocks and multiple attention blocks in between, which enhances the image restoration process by focusing on the most important features. To evaluate the effectiveness of MACGAN, extensive qualitative and quantitative comparisons are conducted with state-of-the-art image-to-image translation models, all-in-one adverse weather removal models, and single-effect removal models. The results highlight the superior performance of MACGAN in terms of scene visibility improvement and restoration quality. Additionally, MACGAN is tested on real-world unseen image domains, including smog, dust, fog, rain, snow, and lightning, further validating its generalizability and robustness. Furthermore, an ablation study is conducted to analyze the contributions of the discriminator and attention blocks within the MACGAN architecture. The results confirm that both components play significant roles in the effectiveness of MACGAN, with the discriminator ensuring adversarial training and the attention blocks effectively capturing and enhancing important image features.

The motion of rotation is ubiquitous in daily life and industry. Compared with electromagnet motors, smart‐material‐based rotary motors may exhibit more flexibility, robustness, and adaptability. Herein, a lightweight, compact dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) rotary motor with remarkable performance is reported. The motor is driven by a multilayered, slightly‐prestretched (

Background: Nepal has committed to achieving universal coverage of quality maternal and newborn health (MNH) services by 2030. Achieving this, however, requires urgently addressing the widening inequity gradient in MNH care utilisation. This qualitative study examined the multidomain systemic and organisational challenges, operating in multi-level health systems, that influence equitable access to MNH services in Nepal. Methods: Twenty-eight in-depth interviews were conducted with health policymakers and program managers to understand supply-side perspectives of drivers of inequity in MNH services. Braun and Clarke's thematic approach was employed in analysing the data. Themes were generated and explained using a multidomain (structural, intermediary, and health system) and multi-level (micro, meso and macro) analytical framework. Results: Participants identified underlying factors that intersect at the micro, meso and macro levels of the health system to create inequity in MNH services. Key challenges identified at the macro (federal) level included corruption and poor accountability, weak digital governance and institutionalisation of policies, politicisation of the health workforce, poor regulation of private MNH services, weak health management, and lack of integration of health in all policies. At the meso (provincial) level, identified factors included weak decentralisation, inadequate evidence-based planning, lack of contextualizing health services for the population, and non-health sector policies. Challenges at the micro (local) level were poor quality health care, inadequate empowerment in household decision making and lack of community participation. Structural drivers operated mostly at macro-level political factors; intermediary challenges were within the non-health sector but influenced supply and demand sides of health systems. Conclusions: Multidomain systemic and organisational challenges, operating in multi-level health systems, influence the provision of equitable health services in Nepal. Policy reforms and institutional arrangements that align with the country's federalised health system are needed to narrow the gap. Such reform efforts should include policy and strategic reforms at the federal level, contextualisation of macro-policies at the provincial level, and context-specific health service delivery at the local level. Macro-level policies should be guided by political commitment and strong accountability, including a policy framework for regulating private health services. The decentralisation of power, resources, and institutions at the provincial level is essential for technical support to the local health systems. Integrating health in all policies and implementation is critical in addressing contextual social determinants of health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mediterranean diet (MD) (single and multidomain intervention) increased alpha diversity, reduced zonulin and CRP. • Polyphenol rich (PR) diet improved the gut barrier by reducing zonulin, CRP and IL-6. • Pre-/pro-/synbiotics increased Bifidobacterium spp. • The limited findings on other non-pharmacological interventions requires further validations. This systematic review appraised previous findings of non-pharmacological interventions on gut microbiota and/ or intestinal permeability in older adults. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and the Cochrane Library. Relevant studies were shortlisted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and evaluated for risks of bias using the "Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias 2" and the "NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies with No Control Group". The primary outcomes were the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on gut microbiota diversity and composition, and intestinal permeability in older adults. Out of 85,114 studies, 38 were shortlisted. Generally, the non-pharmacological interventions were beneficial against dysbiosis and the leaky gut in older adults. Considering specific interventions with two or more studies that reported consistent outcomes, a pattern was observed amongst the Mediterranean diet (MD), polyphenol-rich (PR) diet and supplements (i.e., probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics). As for the other interventions, the very few studies that have been conducted did not allow a strong conclusion to be made just yet. The MD (single and multidomain interventions) restored gut microbiota by increasing species richness (alpha diversity) and reduced intestinal permeability (zonulin) and inflammation (CRP). The PR diet only showed slight changes in the gut microbiota but improved the gut barrier by reducing zonulin, CRP and IL-6. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics increased the genus Bifidobacterium spp. which are considered beneficial bacteria. This review has uncovered insights into the relationship between gut microbiota and intestinal epithelial barriers of specific non-pharmacological interventions in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abusive language is an important issue in online communication across different platforms and languages. Having a robust model to detect abusive instances automatically is a prominent challenge. Several studies have been proposed to deal with this vital issue by modeling this task in the cross-domain and cross-lingual setting. This paper outlines and describes the current state of this research direction, providing an overview of previous studies, including the available datasets and approaches employed in both cross-domain and cross-lingual settings. This study also outlines several challenges and open problems of this area, providing insights and a useful roadmap for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image-processing pipelines require the design of complex workflows combining many different steps that bring the raw acquired data to a final result with biological meaning. In the image-processing domain of cryo-electron microscopy single-particle analysis (cryo-EM SPA), hundreds of steps must be performed to obtain the three-dimensional structure of a biological macromolecule by integrating data spread over thousands of micrographs containing millions of copies of allegedly the same macromolecule. The execution of such complicated workflows demands a specific tool to keep track of all these steps performed. Additionally, due to the extremely low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the estimation of any image parameter is heavily affected by noise resulting in a significant fraction of incorrect estimates. Although low SNR and processing millions of images by hundreds of sequential steps requiring substantial computational resources are specific to cryo-EM, these characteristics may be shared by other biological imaging domains. Here, we present Scipion, a Python generic open-source workflow engine specifically adapted for image processing. Its main characteristics are: (a) interoperability, (b) smart object model, (c) gluing operations, (d) comparison operations, (e) wide set of domain-specific operations, (f) execution in streaming, (g) smooth integration in high-performance computing environments, (h) execution with and without graphical capabilities, (i) flexible visualization, (j) user authentication and private access to private data, (k) scripting capabilities, (l) high performance, (m) traceability, (n) reproducibility, (o) self-reporting, (p) reusability, (q) extensibility, (r) software updates, and (s) non-restrictive software licensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image-processing pipelines require the design of complex workflows combining many different steps that bring the raw acquired data to a final result with biological meaning. In the image-processing domain of cryo-electron microscopy single-particle analysis (cryo-EM SPA), hundreds of steps must be performed to obtain the three-dimensional structure of a biological macromolecule by integrating data spread over thousands of micrographs containing millions of copies of allegedly the same macromolecule. The execution of such complicated workflows demands a specific tool to keep track of all these steps performed. Additionally, due to the extremely low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the estimation of any image parameter is heavily affected by noise resulting in a significant fraction of incorrect estimates. Although low SNR and processing millions of images by hundreds of sequential steps requiring substantial computational resources are specific to cryo-EM, these characteristics may be shared by other biological imaging domains. Here, we present Scipion, a Python generic open-source workflow engine specifically adapted for image processing. Its main characteristics are: (a) interoperability, (b) smart object model, (c) gluing operations, (d) comparison operations, (e) wide set of domain-specific operations, (f) execution in streaming, (g) smooth integration in high-performance computing environments, (h) execution with and without graphical capabilities, (i) flexible visualization, (j) user authentication and private access to private data, (k) scripting capabilities, (l) high performance, (m) traceability, (n) reproducibility, (o) self-reporting, (p) reusability, (q) extensibility, (r) software updates, and (s) non-restrictive software licensing.

Background: Little is known regarding the dose‐response function in multidomain interventions for dementia prevention. Method: The Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial is a 3‐year randomized controlled trial comprising cognitive training, physical activity, nutrition, and omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for at‐risk older adults. The dose delivered (number of sessions attended) was modeled against global cognition, memory, and fluency in 749 participants. Interaction effects were assessed for age, sex, education, dementia score (CAIDE), frailty score, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status. Results: The dose‐response models were non‐linear functions indicating benefits up to about 12 to 14 training hours or 15 to 20 multidomain sessions followed by a plateau. Participants who benefited from a higher dose included women, younger participants, frail individuals, and those with lower education or lower risk of dementia. Discussion: The non‐linear function indicates that a higher dose is not necessarily better in multidomain interventions. The optimal dose was about half of the potentially available sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Preventive interventions for dementia are urgently needed and must be tested in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Selection (volunteer) bias may limit efficacy, particularly in trials testing multidomain interventions and may also be indicative of disparities in intervention uptake in real-world settings. We identified factors associated with participation and adherence in a 3-year RCT of multidomain lifestyle intervention and/or omega-3 supplementation for prevention of cognitive decline and explored reasons for (non-) participation. Methods Ancillary study during recruitment and follow-up of the 3-year Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) conducted in in 13 memory centres in France and Monaco, involving 1630 community-dwelling dementia-free individuals aged ≥ 70 who were pre-screened for MAPT (1270 participated in MAPT; 360 declined to participate). Results Response rates were 76% amongst MAPT participants and 53% amongst non-participants. Older individuals (odds ratio 0.94 [95% confidence interval 0.91–0.98] and those with higher anxiety (0.61 [0.47–0.79]) were less likely to participate in the trial. Those with higher income (4.42 [2.12–9.19]) and family history (1.60 [1.10–2.32]) or greater fear (1.73 [1.30–2.29]) of dementia were more likely to participate, as were those recruited via an intermediary (e.g. pension funds, local Alzheimer’s associations, University of the 3rd Age, sports clubs) (2.15 [1.45–3.20]). MAPT participants living in larger towns (0.71 [0.55–0.92]) and with higher depressive symptoms (0.94 [0.90–0.99]) were less likely to adhere to the interventions. Greater perceived social support (1.21 [1.03–1.43]) and cognitive function (1.37 [1.13–1.67]) predicted better adherence. Descriptively, the most frequent reasons for accepting and refusing to participate were, respectively, altruism and logistical constraints, but underlying motivations mainly related to (lack of) perceived benefits. Conclusions Disparities in uptake of health interventions persist in older age. Those most at risk of dementia may not participate in or adhere to preventive interventions. Barriers to implementing lifestyle changes for dementia prevention include lack of knowledge about potential benefits, lack of support networks, and (perceived) financial costs. Trial registration NCT00672685 (ClinicalTrials.gov)

In this article, we present the dynamics and modeling of multidomains in the ferroelectric FET (FeFET). Due to the periodic texture of domains, the electrostatics of the FeFET exhibit an oscillatory conduction band profile. To capture such oscillations, we solve coupled 2-D Poisson’s equation with the net ferroelectric energy density (gradient energy + free energy + depolarization energy) equation. Multidomain dynamics are captured by minimizing the net ferroelectric energy, leading to a thermodynamically stable state. Furthermore, we show that the motion of domain walls originates from local bound charge density in the ferroelectric region, which induces the negative capacitance (NC) effect. The strength of domain wall-induced NC is determined by the gradient energy of the ferroelectric material. FeFET exhibits variability in the drain current with domain period due to the inherent NC effect. Additionally, the impact of domain wall transition (soft $\rightleftharpoons $ hard) on the device’s electrostatic/transport is also analyzed. The model also accurately captures both nucleations of a new domain and the motion of the domain wall. Furthermore, the model is thoroughly validated against experimental results and phase-field simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lifestyle interventions may prevent cognitive decline, but the sufficient dose of intervention activities and lifestyle changes is unknown. We investigated how intervention adherence affects cognition in the FINGER trial (pre‐specified subgroup analyses). Methods: FINGER is a multicenter randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of multidomain lifestyle intervention (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01041989). A total of 1260 participants aged 60 to 77 with increased dementia risk were randomized to a lifestyle intervention and control groups. Percentage of completed intervention sessions, and change in multidomain lifestyle score (self‐reported diet; physical, cognitive, and social activity; vascular risk) were examined in relation to change in Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB) scores. Results: Active participation was associated with better trajectories in NTB total and all cognitive subdomains. Improvement in lifestyle was associated with improvement in NTB total and executive function. Discussion: Multidomain lifestyle changes are beneficial for cognitive functioning, but future interventions should be intensive enough, and supporting adherence is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we implement the multidomain spectral relaxation method to numerically study high dimensional chaos by considering the nine-dimensional Lorenz system. Chaotic systems are characterized by rapidly changing solutions, as well as sensitivity to small changes in initial data. Most of the existing numerical methods converge slowly for this kind of problems and this results in inaccurate approximations. Spectral methods are known for their high accuracy. However, they become less accurate for problems characterised by chaotic solutions, even with an increase in the number of grid points. As a result, in this work, we adopt the multidomain approach which assumes that the main interval can be decomposed into a finite number of subdomains and the solution obtained in each of the subdomains. This approach remarkably improves the results as well as the efficiency of the method.

4,6-α-Glucanotransferases (4,6-α-GTs) hold great potential for applications in the food and medical industries because of their efficient transglycosylation ability. However, it is relatively difficult to achieve high soluble expression because of their high molecular weight and multidomain nature. In this study, 4,6-α-GT of Burkholderia sp. (GtfR2) was successfully expressed in E. coli , and the activity attained 1.55 × 104 U/mL by traditional fermentation optimization. However, a large number of inactive inclusion bodies of GtfR2 were still present due to aggregation and precipitation. The trehalose-mediated strategy was first proposed and applied in the fermentation process of GtfR2. Trehalose addition significantly reduced inclusion bodies, resulting in an increase in GtfR2 activity (6.48 × 104 U/mL), which was 4.20 times higher than that of the control group. Our molecular dynamics simulations revealed that trehalose could spontaneously stabilize the conformational dynamics of GtfR2 by binding to the groove, loop, α-helix and N-terminal unstable regions on the surface. This strategy was also available to enhance the soluble expression of other 4,6/4,3-α-GTs, which were increased by 3.03–77.19 times. This study is the first to observe that trehalose can inhibit the aggregation and precipitation of GtfR2, which provides a new perspective for the recombinant expression of 4,6/4,3-α-GTs. • Solving the expression problem of 4,6/4,3-α-GTs in the GH family 70 with large molecular weights and multiple domains. • The strategy of trehalose addition to promote soluble expression shows a certain versatility in the 4,6/4,3-α-GTs family. • MD simulations improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which trehalose promotes protein expression. • The strategy of trehalose addition to promote soluble expression is efficient, simple and convenient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) miss out on the best standards of care and psychosocial support due to diagnostic delays or inaccuracies following symptom onset.Objective: This study seeks to identify baseline characteristics in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that correlate with eventual conversion to DLB or Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods: Baseline neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric data were analyzed in National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center participants who completed the Uniform Data Set between 2006 and 2020 and subsequently converted from MCI to DLB or AD (n = 1632).Results: Only 6% of participants with MCI converted to DLB. Among those who converted to DLB, multidomain amnestic MCI (aMCI) was the most common subtype at study entry. As part of logistic regression analyses, odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for conversion to DLB versus AD based on study-entry characteristics, adjusting for age, sex, education, and years to diagnosis. The strongest predictors of conversion to DLB (p≤0.0001) were nonamnestic MCI versus aMCI (OR 8.2, CI [5.0, 14]), multidomain MCI versus single-domain MCI (OR 2.7, CI [1.7. 4.2]), male sex (OR 4.2, CI [2.5, 7.1]), and presence of nighttime behaviors (OR 4.4 CI [2.8, 6.9]).Conclusion: A diagnosis of prodromal DLB should be considered in individuals with MCI who present with prominent executive/visuospatial deficits, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and less memory impairment. Early diagnosis of DLB may guide treatment planning, including the avoidance of antipsychotic medications in patients who develop psychotic symptoms, caregiver support, and initiation of early treatment(s) once medications become available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we implement the multidomain compact finite difference method to numerically study high dimensional chaos by considering the nine-dimensional Lorenz system. Most of the existing numerical methods converge slowly for this kind of problems and this results in inaccurate approximations. Though highly accurate, the compact finite difference method becomes less accurate for problems characterized by chaotic solutions, even with an increase in the number of grid points. As a result, in this work, we adopt the multidomain approach. This approach remarkably improves the results as well as the efficiency of the method.

Harnessing the negative capacitance transient (NCT) in ferroelectric (FE) materials is a relatively new concept in nanoelectronics. In this article, a set of coupled equations based on Kirchhoff’s law, electrostatics, and an experimentally validated multidomain Landau–Khalatnikov (MD-LK) equation is used to simulate poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)]-based resistor-metal-FE-metal (${R}$ -MFM) series circuit in Synopsys technology computer-aided design. We show that the proposed MD MFM stack’s coercivity is reduced by 80.36%–89% concerning different oxide FEs. Unlike oxide FE-based gate stacks, the P(VDF-TrFE)-based ${R}$ -MFM series circuit can exploit the NCT effect at lower supply voltages (${V}_{IN} =0.5$ V), with only 0.14 fJ of energy usage. We show that NCT in an ${R}$ -MFM series circuit originates from the mismatch in switching rate between the metal electrode free charge (${Q}_{FE}$) and the polarization (${P}$) in MD MFM during switching. The NC region of the FE thermodynamic energy profile causes the transient mismatch between ${Q}_{FE}$ and ${P}$. Furthermore, it is validated using a bipolar to unipolar pulsing technique, which confirms that the underlying mechanism of NCT is directly related to ${P}$ switching and not to any extrinsic flaws in the system. The NCT response induced by the ${Q}_{FE}$ and ${P}$ mismatch is justified by its dependence on ${R}$ , viscosity coefficient, ${V}_{IN}$ , and the number of domains (${N}$). A hysteresis-free MD MFM-gated Landau transistor (LT) with a subthreshold swing (SS) of 26.59 mV/decade, OFF-state current of 8.64 nA/ $\mu \text{m}$ , and a high ON/OFF current switching ratio of $2\times10$ 5 is implemented. Integrating P(VDF-TrFE) as FE material allows SS to reduce by 15.43%–50.76% compared to earlier results. Moreover, the influence of ${N}$ and remanent ${P}$ (${P}_{r}$) on MD MFM-gated LT switching characteristics is discussed. Finally, an MD MFM-gated LT-based CMOS inverter is implemented for high-speed and low-power digital integrated circuit (IC) applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), an at-risk condition of Alzheimer's disease (AD), can involve various cognitive domains, such as memory, language, planning, and attention.Objective: We aim to explore the difference in amyloid load between the single memory domain SCD (sd-SCD) and the multidomain SCD (md-SCD) and assess the relationship of amyloid pathology with quantitative SCD scores and objective cognition.Methods: A total of 63 SCD participants from the SILCODE study underwent the clinical evaluation, neuropsychological assessment, and 18F-florbetapir PET scan. Global amyloid standard uptake value ratio (SUVr) was calculated. Additionally, regional amyloid SUVr was quantified in 12 brain regions of interests. A nonparametric rank ANCOVA was used to compare the global and regional amyloid SUVr between the md-SCD (n = 34) and sd-SCD (n = 29) groups. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to test the relationship of amyloid SUVr with quantitative SCD scores and objective cognition.Results: Compared with individuals with sd-SCD, individuals with md-SCD had increased global amyloid SUVr (F = 5.033, p = 0.029) and regional amyloid SUVr in the left middle temporal gyrus (F = 12.309, p = 0.001; Bonferroni corrected), after controlling for the effects of age, sex, and education. When pooling all SCD participants together, the increased global amyloid SUVr was related with higher SCD-plus sum scores and lower Auditory Verbal Learning Test-delayed recall scores.Conclusion: According to our findings, individuals with md-SCD showed higher amyloid accumulation than individuals with sd-SCD, suggesting that md-SCD may experience a more advanced stage of SCD. Additionally, increased global amyloid load was predictive of a poorer episodic memory function in SCD individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data on the past intensity of Earth's magnetic field (paleointensity) are essential for understanding Earth's deep interior, climatic modeling, and geochronology applications, among other items. Here we demonstrate the possibility that much of available paleointensity data could be biased by instability of thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) associated with non-single-domain (SD) particles. Paleointensity data are derived from experiments in which an ancient TRM, acquired in an unknown field, is replaced by a laboratory-controlled TRM. This procedure is built on the assumption that the process of ancient TRM acquisition is entirely reproducible in the laboratory. Here we show experimental results violating this assumption in a manner not expected from standard theory. We show that the demagnetization-remagnetization relationship of non-SD specimens that were kept in a controlled field for only 2 y show a small but systematic bias relative to sister specimens that were given a fresh TRM. This effect, likely caused by irreversible changes in micromagnetic structures, leads to a bias in paleointensity estimates.

The purpose of the present study was to explore the effects of computer-based multidomain cognitive training program on Greek patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Forty-six patients with MCI were randomly divided into two groups; (a) the training group, which received a computer-based multidomain cognitive training program with the use of the RehaCom software and (b) the control group, which underwent standard-clinical care. The duration of the computer-based training program was 15 weeks, administered twice a week for approximately one hour per session. Analysis of the baseline versus endpoint performance of each group demonstrated that in the control group delayed memory and executive function had deteriorated over the observation period of 15 weeks, while improvement was observed in the training group's performance on delayed memory, word recognition, Boston Naming Test (BNT), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Semantic Fluency (SF), Trail Making Test-A (TMT-A) and Trail Making Test-B (TMT-B). Comparison between the two groups presented asignificant effect of the intervention for most cognitive domains. These findings are promising for the development of training methods designed to delay cognitive decline in patients with MCI, which is considered to be the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of disinformation and fake news on social platforms has an unfavorable impact on social harmony and stability. The timely and accurate identification of fake news might help restrain the propagation of fake news and mitigate its influence on society. In this paper, we propose a novel multimodal fake news detection framework: the K nowledge A ugmented T ransformer for adversarial M ultidomain multiclassification multimodal F ake news detection framework (KATMF). In contrast to most of the existing studies, which ignore the differences among news articles from different domains in terms of the feature distribution, the KATMF employs a multimodal adversarial multitask learning module to capture these differences. Moreover, because social media news entities generally lack sufficient background knowledge, to enrich news with knowledge information in a homogeneous embedding space, we use the K nowledge A ugmented T ransformer (KAT) to selectively encode the information of entities from an external knowledge source into the representation of news. We evaluate our approach on a large-scale real-world dataset, and the experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art fake news detection methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preventive interventions for dementia are urgently needed and must be tested in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Selection (volunteer) bias may limit efficacy, particularly in trials testing multidomain interventions and may also be indicative of disparities in intervention uptake in real-world settings. We identified factors associated with participation and adherence in a 3-year RCT of multidomain lifestyle intervention and/or omega-3 supplementation for prevention of cognitive decline and explored reasons for (non-) participation. Methods: Ancillary study during recruitment and follow-up of the 3-year Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) conducted in in 13 memory centres in France and Monaco, involving 1630 community-dwelling dementia-free individuals aged ≥ 70 who were pre-screened for MAPT (1270 participated in MAPT; 360 declined to participate). Results: Response rates were 76% amongst MAPT participants and 53% amongst non-participants. Older individuals (odds ratio 0.94 [95% confidence interval 0.91–0.98] and those with higher anxiety (0.61 [0.47–0.79]) were less likely to participate in the trial. Those with higher income (4.42 [2.12–9.19]) and family history (1.60 [1.10–2.32]) or greater fear (1.73 [1.30–2.29]) of dementia were more likely to participate, as were those recruited via an intermediary (e.g. pension funds, local Alzheimer's associations, University of the 3rd Age, sports clubs) (2.15 [1.45–3.20]). MAPT participants living in larger towns (0.71 [0.55–0.92]) and with higher depressive symptoms (0.94 [0.90–0.99]) were less likely to adhere to the interventions. Greater perceived social support (1.21 [1.03–1.43]) and cognitive function (1.37 [1.13–1.67]) predicted better adherence. Descriptively, the most frequent reasons for accepting and refusing to participate were, respectively, altruism and logistical constraints, but underlying motivations mainly related to (lack of) perceived benefits. Conclusions: Disparities in uptake of health interventions persist in older age. Those most at risk of dementia may not participate in or adhere to preventive interventions. Barriers to implementing lifestyle changes for dementia prevention include lack of knowledge about potential benefits, lack of support networks, and (perceived) financial costs. Trial registration: NCT00672685 (ClinicalTrials.gov) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a multidomain application environment, it is of paramount importance for different organizations to collaborate with each other to facilitate secure interoperation. However, various types of conflicts related to access control constraints may arise as a result of integrating access control policies for individual domains, such as role inheritance violations (RIVs) and separation of duty violations (SoDVs). Current methods solve the conflicts in a centralized way by withdrawing or removing all crossdomain relationships resulting in the violations with the knowledge of all domains. However, these methods are inappropriate for large-scale systems due to their high computational complexity. In this article, we propose a distributed approach to avoid secure conflicts in a multidomain environment. We first model the role inheritance hierarchies of multiple domains as an interoperation graph. We then develop RIVs and SoDVs avoidance algorithms based on the interoperation graph and the communications among different domains. Each domain can execute the algorithms autonomously and in real time by evaluating whether its succeeding activated role can result in RIVs and SoDVs. We show that the new algorithms perform well in contrast to the existing algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate here a unique metallo‐organic material where the appearance and the internal crystal structure are in contradiction. The egg‐shaped (ovoid) crystals have a brain‐like texture. Although these micro‐sized crystals are monodispersed; like fingerprints their grainy surfaces are never exactly alike. Remarkably, our X‐ray and electron diffraction studies unexpectedly revealed that these structures are single‐crystals comprising a continuous coordination network of two differently shaped homochiral channels. By using the same building blocks under different reaction conditions, a rare series of crystals have been obtained that are uniquely rounded in their shape. In stark contrast to the brain‐like crystals, these isostructural and monodispersed crystals have a comparatively smooth appearance. The sizes of these crystals vary by several orders of magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cost overruns and schedule delays are pervasive in complex projects despite the use of systems engineering and traditional project management models and tools. These disciplines can often work in isolation leading to inconsistencies in product information, tracking of design changes, and challenges in decision-making. While the literature proposes theoretical approaches to integrating these disciplines, there does not appear to be a practical approach offered. In response, this article presents a management flight simulator that represents a digital twin of set-based design, design change, knowledge, and agile project management practices. It integrates discipline-specific submodels through key linkages that are derived from the intrinsic properties of a system case study and intangible assets such as knowledge, communication, culture, and process maturity. It captures the techno-socio-economic and cultural factors involved in design change decisions and project management. The simulator provides immediate feedback on whether a change is going to help or disrupt design integrity through the monitoring of system attribute trends and cues. It also provides the impact on lifecycle management curves using a system dynamics submodel. From this feedback, several system, policy, and process levers are available within the simulator for what-if scenarios with the goal to improve product, organizational, and project performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are widely used for aerial and spatial image applications. However, Most of SAR images are usually grayscale images with no color information. Hence, the study of SAR image colorization is meaningful. At present, deep learning has become the mainstream method of SAR coloring, and with the most advanced pix2pix method, it achieves satisfactory results. However, such an approach is limited to the corresponding paired data, which may be difficult to get. We then notice that the cycle-consistency loss can remove this constraint to some extent. In this letter, we present a novel method to colorize the SAR image using a multidomain cycle-consistency generative adversarial network (MC-GAN). The proposed method improves the performance of coloring SAR images from two aspects: first, we propose a mask vector for images of every particular terrain combined with cycle-consistency loss, which does not need the paired SAR-optical images to train the model. Second, we define the multidomain classification loss, which can together get the correct output image with the color we hope it to be. We examined the proposed method on the newly SEN1-2 data set compared with the pix2pix and CycleGAN methods, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we implement the multidomain compact finite difference method to numerically study high dimensional chaos by considering the nine-dimensional Lorenz system. Most of the existing numerical methods converge slowly for this kind of problems and this results in inaccurate approximations. Though highly accurate, the compact finite difference method becomes less accurate for problems characterized by chaotic solutions, even with an increase in the number of grid points. As a result, in this work, we adopt the multidomain approach. This approach remarkably improves the results as well as the efficiency of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a novel approach for solving systems of nonlinear partial differential equations over a large time domain is presented. The method is termed a multidomain bivariate spectral quasilinearization method (MD‐BSQLM). This method makes use of the Legendre‐Gauss‐Lobatto grid points, a linearization technique, and the spectral collocation method to approximate functions defined by bivariate Lagrange interpolation. The method is developed for a general system of n nonlinear partial differential equations. We demonstrate the use of the MD‐BSQLM technique by solving a system of nonlinear partial differential equations of boundary layer flow. Numerical experiments are conducted to show applicability and accuracy of the methods. Grid independence tests establish the method's accuracy, convergence, and validity. The solution for the limiting case is used to validate the method's accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Establishment of a precise physical foundation for the negative capacitance effect, unveiling its direct connection with the free energy profile of HZO. • Demonstration of the origin of negative capacitance effect in multidomain M/HZO/M gate stack, attributing it to varying switching rates between free charge and polarization, primarily influenced by the negative capacitance region within HZO's free energy profile. • Prediction of the HZO's intrinsic switching speed for various experimentally extracted damping factorsof the HZO material, offering versatile control over device performance. • Investigation into the direct causes of the negative drain-induced barrier lowering effect and the negative differential resistance effect in Landau NCFETs. • Engineered Leaky-HZO to fix the leakage problem in NCFET design. • Development of a circuit-compatible hybrid compact model for leakage-aware negative capacitance circuit simulations, facilitating practical integration into negative capacitance electronics. This paper addresses the lack of understanding of the origin of negative capacitance (NC) effect in the hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) ferroelectric (FE) gate stack and proposes a new circuit-compatible hybrid compact model for NC field-effect transistors (NCFETs). The model supports Landau and Preisach FE models, encompassing multiple FE domains, FE leakage, and FE damping. The proposed model is experimentally validated, and the intrinsic switching speed of HZO is predicted. It is revealed that the NC effect in HZO stems from a mismatch in free charge and polarization switching rates. Performance evaluation of the model reveals that HZO-NCFET achieves ∼1.18x and ∼9.17x higher amplification at low and high frequencies compared to its PZT-NCFET counterpart. Our study demonstrates the superior ON-current (2.74 mA/µm) of the Engineered Leaky-HZO NCFET, surpassing FinFET and Germanium-source L-shaped TFET by ∼7.89x and ∼4.81x, respectively. This study briefly examines the direct causes of the negative drain-induced barrier lowering effect and negative differential resistance effect in Landau NCFETs. Furthermore, we emphasize the crucial role of FE thickness in determining the magnitude of the NC effect, offering valuable insights for the design and optimization of NC-based devices and circuits. Analysis of the Miller effect in NCFET-based inverters demonstrates significant improvements owing to high ON-current and voltage amplification, making them suitable for high-speed NCFET-based circuitry. Landau and Preisach NCFET-based inverters exhibit (50.70%, 51.34%) lower overshoots and (28.45%, 28.61%) reduced propagation delay compared to the NC nanowire FET-based inverter. Moreover, NCFET-based 2:1 fork circuits significantly reduce (46.69%, 51.37%) critical clock skew compared to CMOS FET-based circuits, showcasing the potential of NCFET technology in addressing timing violations in random logic paths. Furthermore, the Landau and Preisach NCFET-based ring oscillators (ROs) achieve (39.97%, 49.38%) and (52.65%, 62.92%) higher oscillation frequencies (f OSC) compared to state-of-the-art graphene FET-RO and CMOS-RO, respectively. The 15-stage Leaky-HZO and Engineered Leaky-HZO NCFET-ROs outperform the double gate-FET-RO by ∼2.19x and ∼16.69x in terms of f OSC , highlighting their superior performance in frequency-domain metrics. These findings demonstrate the potential of NCFET-based digital and mixed-signal circuits for high-performance integrated circuit designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]