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Longidorid nematodes comprise more than 500 species, and Longidorus and Xiphinema are the most diversified, prevalent, and cosmopolitan genera within plant-parasitic nematodes. The genus Longidorus comprise a group of species, some of which are vectors of plant viruses. New sampling for needle nematodes was carried out in a grapevine area in Thessaloniki, northern Greece, and one nematode species of Longidorus (L. leptocephalus) was recovered. Nematodes were extracted from soil samples by modified sieving and a decanting method. Extracted specimens were processed using glycerol, mounted on permanent slides, and subsequently identified morphologically. Nematode DNA was extracted from individual, live specimens, and PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) assays were performed for D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA, ITS1 rRNA, and partial mitochondrial COI regions. Morphology and morphometric data obtained from this population were consistent with the original description and reported populations of L. leptocephalus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. leptocephalus in Greece and the second in the Mediterranean Basin after the record of the species from Slovenia, extending the geographical distribution of this species in Europe.

Longidorus sabalanicus n. sp. is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular studies of two populations from north-western Iran. It was recovered from the rhizosphere of meadow grasses in East Azarbaijan province and the rhizosphere of Astragalus sp. in Zanjan province. The new species is characterised by having a medium sized body, 3.8–5.1 mm in females and 3.6–4.7 in males; lip region anteriorly flattened, laterally rounded, set off from body contour by a slight depression; amphidial fovea pocket-shaped, without basal lobes; guiding ring at 25–30 μm from anterior end; odontostyle moderately long, 73.0–85.5 μm and odontophore weakly developed, 50.0–67.4 μm long; female reproductive system containing sperm, vulva located at 50–54% of body length; tail bluntly conoid, 41.0–55.0 μm long; males common in both populations, with 54.0–68.5 μm long spicules and seven to ten ventromedian precloacal supplements anterior to the adanal pair; and four juvenile developmental stages present. The alpha-numeric codes for identifying the new species are: A23-B2-C2-D3-E1-F2-G1-H12-I2-J1-K7. Morphologically, the new species most closely resembles to L. moniloides, L. rotundicaudatus, L. tabrizicus, L. artemisiae, L. asiaticus, L. behshahrensis, and L. elongatus. Morphological and morphometric differences of Longidorus sabalanicus n. sp. and the aforementioned species are discussed. In addition to morphological and morphometric data, molecular comparison analyses based on partial 18S rRNA, D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA and ITS1 region sequences, indicate that L. sabalanicus n. sp. is separated from other species and it is related phylogenetically with L. behshahrensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the first report of male specimen of Paralongidorus rex Andrássy, 1986. It was found in the population collected from the rhizosphere of Acer platanoides in Lviv, Ukraine. Morphology of male, especially structure of spicules and arrangement of supplements, described in details and compared with most closely related species. It can be distinguished from all other similar species by longer spicules. Morphometric data on females and male of this population are provided. Morphology of female genital tract described in details. Uterine eggs are detected in genital tract of females for the first time and their morphometrics are provided. During current research, clearly expressed seasonal reproduction of this parthenogenetic species on the territory of Western Ukraine was revealed. Uterine eggs were observed only in genital tracts of females from the soil samples collected in the first decade of May but no female specimens with eggs were detected in numerous P. rex populations collected during summer period (June-September).

This paper presents the first report of male specimen of Paralongidorus rex Andrássy, 1986. It was found in the population collected from the rhizosphere of Acer platanoides in Lviv, Ukraine. Morphology of male, especially structure of spicules and arrangement of supplements, is described in details and compared with most closely related species. It can be distinguished from all other similar species by longer spicules. Morphometric data on females and male of this population are provided. Morphology of female genital tract is described in details. Uterine eggs are detected in genital tract of females for the first time and their morphometrics are provided. During current research, clearly expressed seasonal reproduction of this parthenogenetic species on the territory of Western Ukraine was revealed. Uterine eggs were observed only in genital tracts of females from the soil samples collected in the first decade of May but no female specimens with eggs were detected in numerous P. rex populations collected during summer period (June-September). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven needle nematode species of the genus Longidorus have been reported in Ukraine. Nematological surveys for needle nematodes were carried out in Ukraine between 2016 and 2017 and two nematode species of Longidorus (L. caespiticola and L. poessneckensis) were collected from natural and anthropogenically altered habitats on the territory of Opillia and Zakarpattia in Ukraine. Nematodes were extracted from 500 cm3 of soil by modified sieving and decanting method. Extracted specimens were processed to glycerol and mounted on permanent slides and subsequently identified morphologically and molecularly. Nematode DNA was extracted from single individuals and PCR assays were conducted as previously described for D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA. Sequence alignments for D2-D3 from L. caespiticola showed 97%-99% similarity to other sequences of L. caespiticola deposited in GenBank from Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Russia, Slovenia, and Scotland. Similarly, D2-D3 sequence alignments from L. poessneckensis, showed 99% to other sequences of L. poessneckensis deposited in GenBank from Slovakia and Czech Republic. Morphology, morphometry, and molecular data obtained from these samples were consistent with L. caespiticola and L. poessneckensis identification. To our knowledge, these are the first reports of L. caespiticola and L. poessneckensis in Ukraine, extending the geographical distribution of these species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus can cause diseases of various crops and trees, and are comprised of more than 150 valid species. Eleven valid and six unidentified species of the genus Longidorus collected in different regions of Russia, two states of USA, Germany, New Zealand and Ukraine were molecularly characterized using analysis of the partial 18S rRNA and the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene sequences. Fifty-four partial 28S rRNA and fifteen partial 18S rRNA gene sequences were obtained for the present study. Using molecular criteria, we confirmed the morphological identification and distinguished between the following species: L. aetnaeus, L. africanus, L. andalusicus, L. artemisiae, L. caespiticola, L. distinctus, L. elongatus, L. euonymus, L. intermedius, L. leptocephalus and L. lignosus. Two longidorid populations from Russia and four from California were not identified to a species level. We obtained the full length D2-D3 of 28S rRNA gene sequence from several freshly-collected L. artemisiae samples. We confirmed the identity of the D2 region of 28S rRNA gene sequence with a short D2 of 28S rRNA gene fragment sequence previously obtained from formalin-fixed nematodes embedded in the L. artemisiae paratype slides. Longidorus lignosus was molecularly characterized and L. aetnaeus was reported from Russia for the first time. PCR-D2-D3-RFLP diagnostic profiles generated by five restriction enzymes: AluI, HinfI, Bsp143I, Tru1I and RsaI are presented for sixteen Longidorus species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phylum Nematoda includes the genus Longidorus, a remarkable group of invertebrates that are polyphagous root-ectoparasites of many plants including various agricultural crops and trees. Damage is caused by direct feeding on root cells as well as by transmitting nepoviruses. Species discrimination in Longidorus is complicated by phenotypic plasticity (intraspecific variability and minor interspecific differences) leading to potential misidentification. We conducted nematode surveys in cultivated and natural environments in southern Spain that detected 11 species of Longidorus. We developed a comparative study amongst these related species by considering morphological and morphometric features together with molecular data from nuclear ribosomal RNA genes [ D2- D3 expansion segments of large ribosomal subunit (28 S), internal transcribed spacer 1 ( ITS1), and partial small ribosomal subunit ( 18S)]. The results of our molecular and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the morphological hypotheses and allowed the delimitation and discrimination of three new species of the genus, described herein as Longidorus baeticus sp. nov., Longidorus oleae sp. nov., and Longidorus andalusicus sp. nov., and eight known species ( Longidorus alvegus, Longidorus crataegi, Longidorus fasciatus, Longidorus intermedius, Longidorus iuglandis, Longidorus magnus, Longidorus rubi, and Longidorus vineacola). Phylogenetic analyses of Longidorus spp. based on the three molecular markers resulted in a general consensus of these species grouping, as lineages were maintained for the majority of species (i.e. species with a conoid-rounded lip region, amphidial fovea asymmetrically bilobed, female tail bluntly rounded), but not in some others (i.e. positions of L. crataegi, L. intermedius, and L. rubi were quite variable). To date, this is the most complete phylogenetic analysis for Longidorus and Paralongidorus species, with the highest number of species included. No correspondence between phylogenetic trees and morphological characters was found for ribosomal markers, with the exception of amphidial shape. Thus, polyphasic identification, based on integration of molecular analysis with morphology, is a tool beyond doubt in Longidorus identification. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xiphinema granatum n. sp. from pomegranate in Saveh, Markazi province, central Iran, is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to species group 8 of the genus Xiphinema sensu Loof & Luc, 1990. The new species is characterised by a body 3.5-4.1 mm long, 37-49 µm diam., odontostyle and odontophore 118-132 and 65-74 µm long, respectively, presence of sperm in the female genital tracts, uterus devoid of any Z-differentiation or spines, and abundant males with spicules 45-58 µm long. The polytomous identification codes of the new species are: A4, B4, C5a, D5, E56, F4, G23, H2, I3, J4, K2, L2. Beside morphological and morphometric data, molecular analyses of D2-D3 fragments of 28S rRNA gene placed the new species in close relationship with X. vuittenezi and X. italiae and some species belonging to Xiphinema morphospecies group 6, but clearly separated from X. index. In addition, an Iranian population of Longidorus pisi from the same locality is morphologically and molecularly characterised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sampling for needle nematodes was carried out in a grapevine area in Thessaloniki, North Greece and two nematode species of Longidorus ( L. pauli and L. pisi ) were collected. Nematodes were extracted from 500 cm 3 of soil by modified sieving and decanting method, processed to glycerol and mounted on permanent slides, and subsequently identified morphologically and molecularly. Nematode DNA was extracted from single individuals and PCR assays were conducted to amplify D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA, ITS1 rRNA, and partial mitochondrial coxI regions. Morphology and morphometry data obtained from these populations were consistent with L. pauli and L. pisi identifications. To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. pauli for Greece, and the second world report after the original description from Idleb, Syria, extending the geographical distribution of this species in the Mediterranean Basin., (© 2021 Authors.)