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Norovirus infection has been documented to have a significant economic impact in different regions of the world. Even though young children bear the greatest economic burden, older age groups in some locations have the highest costs per illness. Most of these costs result from lost production caused by acute illnesses. This viral infection causes inflammation of the intestines and stomach, also called stomach flu and food poisoning. Our research work constructs a new compartmental model of norovirus infection based on contaminated water and food contamination to conceptualize how norovirus spreads. The proposed dynamics of norovirus have been presented in the fractional Caputo framework. We present the Caputo operator's rudimentary results for the system's examination. By applying the fixed point theory to the system, the existence theory has been investigated. To inspect the solution pathways of norovirus infection, we introduce a novel numerical scheme to explore the dynamical behavior of the system. Finally, a numerical investigation has been done to show the impact of different factors of the system for the control of norovirus illness. We suggested the most critical factors of the system to the policymakers to control and prevent infection in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generalized tempered stable (GTS) distribution is an optimal choice for modeling disease propagation, as it effectively captures the heavy-tailed nature of such events. This attribute is crucial for evaluating the impact of large-scale outbreaks and formulating effective public health interventions. In our study, we introduce a comprehensive stochastic epidemic model that incorporates various intervention strategies and utilizes Lévy jumps characterized by the GTS distribution. Notably, our proposed stochastic system does not exhibit endemic or disease-free states, challenging the conventional approach of assessing disease persistence or extinction based on asymptotic behavior. To address this, we employed a novel stochastic analysis approach to demonstrate the potential for disease eradication or continuation. We provide numerical examples to highlight the importance of incorporating the GTS distribution in epidemiological modeling. These examples validate the accuracy of our results and compare our model's outcomes with those of a standard system using basic Lévy jumps. The purposeful use of the GTS distribution accounts for the heavy-tailed nature of disease incidence or vector abundance, enhancing the precision of models and predictions in epidemiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the dynamic behavior of fractional order co‐infection model with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) and human T‐lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐I) is analyzed using operational matrix of Hermite wavelet collocation method. Also, the uniqueness and existence of solutions are calculated based on the fixed point hypothesis. For the fractional order co‐infection model, its positivity and boundedness are demonstrated. Furthermore, different types of Ulam‐Hyres stability are also discussed. The numerical solution of the model are obtained by using the operational matrix of the Hermite wavelet approach. This scheme is used to solve the system of nonlinear equations that are very fruitful and easy to implement. Additionally, the stability analysis of the numerical scheme is explained. The mathematical model taken in this work incorporates the biological characteristics of both HIV‐1 and HTLV‐I. After that all the equilibrium points of the fractional order co‐infection model are found and their existence conditions are explored with the help of the Caputo derivative. The global stability of all equilibrium points of this model are determined with the help of Lyapunov functions and the LaSalle invariance principle. Convergence analysis is also discussed. Hermite wavelet operational matrix methods are more accurate and convergent than other numerical methods. Lastly, variations in model dynamics are found when examining different fractional order values. These findings will be valuable to biologists in the treatment of HIV‐1/HTLV‐I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thermal convection in horizontal fluid layer under gravity is considered. The fluid is heated from above non-uniformly. An existence theorem of stationary solutions is proved and some flow patterns are shown by numerical computations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined intraspecific infectious rivalry in a dynamic contagious disease model. A non-linear dynamic model that considers multiple individual categories was used to study the transmission of infectious diseases. The combined effect of parameter sensitivities on the model was simulated using system sensitivities. To investigate the dynamic behavior and complexity of the model, the Caputo-Fabrizio (C-F) fractional derivative was utilized. The behavior of the proposed model around the parameters was examined using sensitivity analysis, and fractional solutions included more information than the classical model. Fixed point theory was used to analyze the existence and uniqueness of the solution. The Ulam-Hyers (U-H) criterion was used to examine the stability of the system. A numerical approach based on the C-F fractional operator was utilized to improve comprehension and treatment of the infectious disease model. A more precise and valuable technique for solving the infectious disease model was used in MATLAB numerical simulations to demonstrate. Time series and phase diagrams with different orders and parameters were generated. We aimed to expedite patient recovery while reducing the frequency of disease transmission in the community.

The generalized tempered stable (GTS) distribution is an optimal choice for modeling disease propagation, as it effectively captures the heavy-tailed nature of such events. This attribute is crucial for evaluating the impact of large-scale outbreaks and formulating effective public health interventions. In our study, we introduce a comprehensive stochastic epidemic model that incorporates various intervention strategies and utilizes Lévy jumps characterized by the GTS distribution. Notably, our proposed stochastic system does not exhibit endemic or disease-free states, challenging the conventional approach of assessing disease persistence or extinction based on asymptotic behavior. To address this, we employed a novel stochastic analysis approach to demonstrate the potential for disease eradication or continuation. We provide numerical examples to highlight the importance of incorporating the GTS distribution in epidemiological modeling. These examples validate the accuracy of our results and compare our model's outcomes with those of a standard system using basic Lévy jumps. The purposeful use of the GTS distribution accounts for the heavy-tailed nature of disease incidence or vector abundance, enhancing the precision of models and predictions in epidemiology.

In this work, we propose a finite difference scheme for Caputo’s fractional derivative transport equation in time and space, with a zero-order term. A new error estimation of the approximate solution has been demonstrated. By introducing an approximation of the Caputo derivative, we proved that the convergence is of order 2-α in time, and 2-β in space, for 0

AbstractIn this article, we investigate a mathematical malaria-filariasis co-infection model with the assistance of the non-integer order operator. Using the fractal-fractional operator in the Caputo-Fabrizio (CF) sense, it has been possible to understand the dynamical behaviour and complicatedness of the malaria-filariasis model. An investigation of the existence and uniqueness of the solution employs fixed-point theory. Ulam-Hyers stability helps examine the stability analysis of the proposed co-infection model. The malaria-filariasis model has been investigated using the Toufik-Atanagana (TA), a sophisticated numerical method for these biological co-infection models. With the help of numerical procedures, we provide the approximate solutions for the proposed model. A variety of fractal dimension and fractional order options are utilized for the presentation of the results. When we adjust sensitive parameters like τ and γ, the graphical representation illustrates the system’s behaviour and identifies suitable parameter ranges for solutions. In addition, we evaluate the model along with the regarded operators and various β1 values using an exceptional graphical representation.

This paper was to present a mathematical model of non-integer order and demonstrated the detrimental consequences of lumpy skin disease (LSD). The LSD model included primarily affected cattle and other animals, particularly buffalo and cows. Given the significant drop in the number of livestock and dairy products, it was essential to use mathematical models to raise awareness of this issue. We examined the suggested LSD model to understand as well as every possible avenue that could result in the illness spreading throughout the community. Ulam-Hyers stability made it easier to analyze the stability of the LSD model, and fixed-point theory was a valuable tool for finding the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the suggested model. We have used new versions of power law and exponential decay fractional numerical methods. Numerical calculations were showing the influence of various fractional orders on the spread of disease and provided more informations than integer orders for the sensitive parameters of the proposed model. The graphical depiction is showed an understanding of the proposed LSD model.

This research proposes a modified Crank–Nicolson finite difference scheme with local fractional derivatives to approximate the solutions of local fractional LWR traffic flow model. The stability and consistency of the scheme are examined. Further, convergence of the scheme is assured by using Lax’s equivalence theorem. Some exemplary instances are discussed along with their simulations to validate the proposed method. The obtained numerical solutions show the dynamical evolution of traffic density with respect to time and space. The results derived using the proposed numerical scheme establish that they are quite effective in obtaining the numerical solution to the fractal vehicular traffic flow problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate a generalized class of fractional hemivariational inequalities involving the time-fractional aspect. The existence result is established by employing the Rothe method in conjunction with the surjectivity of multivalued pseudomonotone operators and the properties of the Clarke generalized gradient. We are also exploring a numerical approach to address the problem, utilizing both spatially semi-discrete and fully discrete finite elements, along with a discrete approximation of the fractional derivative. All these results are applied to the analysis and numerical approximations of a frictional contact model that describes the quasi-static contact between a viscoelastic body and a solid foundation. The constitutive relation is modeled using the fractional Kelvin-Voigt law. The contact and friction are described by the subdifferential boundary conditions. The variational formulation of this problem leads to a fractional hemivariational inequality. The error estimates for this problem are derived. Finally, here's a second concrete example to illustrate the application. We propose a frictional contact model that incorporates normal compliance and Coulomb friction to describe the quasi-static contact between a viscoelastic body and a solid foundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper was to present a mathematical model of non-integer order and demonstrated the detrimental consequences of lumpy skin disease (LSD). The LSD model included primarily affected cattle and other animals, particularly buffalo and cows. Given the significant drop in the number of livestock and dairy products, it was essential to use mathematical models to raise awareness of this issue. We examined the suggested LSD model to understand as well as every possible avenue that could result in the illness spreading throughout the community. Ulam-Hyers stability made it easier to analyze the stability of the LSD model, and fixed-point theory was a valuable tool for finding the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the suggested model. We have used new versions of power law and exponential decay fractional numerical methods. Numerical calculations were showing the influence of various fractional orders on the spread of disease and provided more informations than integer orders for the sensitive parameters of the proposed model. The graphical depiction is showed an understanding of the proposed LSD model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health problem and may be controlled via appropriate treatment. We use fractional models to understand infectious diseases because fractional models help us understand treatments' effects on hepatitis B better than integer‐order models. In this article, we introduce a new mathematical model for HBV based on the fractal–fractional derivative with a generalized Mittag–Leffler kernel. Firstly, we discuss the fundamental properties, like the equilibria of the model and the primary reproduction number. Then, we investigate the existence of a unique solution to our model. We use an iterative method to solve the proposed model. Further, we discuss the stability of the model through stability theory. Finally, we offer some graphical illustrations for various values of the parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article compares the efficiency of technologies for feeding liquid metal into the mold of a continuous casting machine (CCM) and its flow within the mold volume under conditions of free and forced mixing. The influence of various designs of the developed mixing devices on the nature of the melt flow in the mold volume is analyzed. The objects of research are the hydrodynamic and thermal flows of liquid metal during the casting of steel into the CCM mold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyse the unique characteristics of hyperparasites and discharge incidents in the initial stage of parasite populations. If hyperparasites are effectively developed in a population, they can play a crucial role in controlling host–parasite interactions. First, we expanded the integer-order host–parasite–hyperparasite model by using different fractional-order operators. We then examined the uniqueness and existence of the solutions of the non-integer order host–parasite–hyperparasite model. We inspected the stability of the model using the Ulam–Hyers stability theorem and employed a numerical technique to find a solution to the host–parasite–hyperparasite model using the fractional operator. Finally, we discussed the graphical results with the help of the Toufik–Atangana (T–A) numerical scheme. To examine the host–parasite–hyperparasite models and approximate results, we employed the Caputo fractional operator and the Atangana–Baleanu (A–B) fractional operator. The numerical results demonstrate that every important aspect of the model is preserved by the anticipated numerical method, which also provides an understandable solution for the fractional problem. The findings of this study bear significant implications for the theory and methodology of biological control of plant diseases associated with hyperparasites. It sheds light on the ecology of biological invasions, which is a subject of great importance in today's world. This research provides valuable insights that can design effective strategies to combat plant diseases and prevent the spread of invasive species.

We show expansion à la Talay–Tubaro of a numerical scheme with rejection for the Langevin process in the case of a singular potential. In order to achieve this, we provide estimates on the associated semi-group of the process. The class of admissible potentials includes the Lennard-Jones interaction with confinement, which is an important potential in molecular dynamics and served as the primary motivation for this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An explicit computational scheme is proposed for solving fractal time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs). The scheme is a three-stage scheme constructed using the fractal Taylor series. The fractal time order of the scheme is three. The scheme also ensures stability. The approach is utilized to model the time-varying boundary layer flow of a non-Newtonian fluid over both stationary and oscillating surfaces, taking into account the influence of heat generation that depends on both space and temperature. The continuity equation of the considered incompressible fluid is discretized by first-order backward difference formulas, whereas the dimensionless Navier–Stokes equation, energy, and equation for nanoparticle volume fraction are discretized by the proposed scheme in fractal time. The effect of different parameters involved in the velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle volume fraction are displayed graphically. The velocity profile rises as the parameter I grows. We primarily apply this computational approach to analyze a non-Newtonian fluid's fractal time-dependent boundary layer flow over flat and oscillatory sheets. Considering spatial and temperature-dependent heat generation is a crucial factor that introduces additional complexity to the analysis. The continuity equation for the incompressible fluid is discretized using first-order backward difference formulas. On the other hand, the dimensionless Navier–Stokes equation, energy equation, and the equation governing nanoparticle volume fraction are discretized using the proposed fractal time-dependent scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reinforced concrete frame-wall (RC frame-Wall) structures are generally solved in a global manner by modeling the entire structure by assembling the RC frame and wall stiffness matrices into a global matrix. The bar-wall element interface is modeled at the mean line of the beam-column element, according to RPA 99, which limits the interaction to the axial and transverse components of the forces (mechanical and kinematic) thus neglecting the effects of section rotations. In order to take into account, the rotational components of the mechanical behavior of the beams (section rotation and bending moment), the interaction between the RC frame and the wall must take place at the real interface of the two substructures, i.e. at the extreme fiber of the bar elements (beams and columns). The transmission of force from the wall to the RC frame is done by transforming the tangent stresses of the wall into moment in the beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers can incorporate uncertainties in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) that go beyond the inaccuracies caused by numerical discretization thanks to stochastic simulations. This study confirms the validity of current stochastic modeling tools by providing examples of stochastic simulations in conjunction with numerical solutions for incompressible flows. A numerical technique for solving deterministic and stochastic models is developed in this work. Our approach employs the Euler‐Maruyama method for stochastic modeling, representing a stochastic version of the third‐order explicit‐implicit scheme. For the deterministic model, the scheme is third‐order accurate. The consistency and stability of the constructed scheme are provided in the mean square sense. The scheme is the predictor–corrector type that is built on two time levels. Moreover, a mathematical model of the Casson nanofluid flow with variable thermal conductivity is given with the effect of the chemical reaction. The appropriate transformations are used to condense the set of partial differential equations (PDEs) down to one that is dimensionless. The scheme is applied for the deterministic and stochastic models of dimensionless flow problems. The velocity profile's deterministic and stochastic behavior are shown using contour plots. Results show that growing values of the thermal mixed convection parameter enhance the velocity profile. This article presents the progress made in stochastic computational fluid dynamics (SCFD) and highlights the energy‐related aspects of our discoveries. Our computational approach and stochastic modeling techniques provide new insights into the energy properties of Casson nanofluid flow, specifically regarding the variability of thermal conductivity and chemical processes. Our objective is to clarify the complex interaction of these factors on energy dynamics. This article presents a contemporary summary of the latest SCFD advancements. Additionally, it highlights potential directions for future research and unresolved issues that require attention from the members of the field of computational mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a novel method to enhance numerical simulation accuracy for high-speed flows by refining the weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) flux with higher-order corrections like the modified weighted compact scheme (MWCS). Numerical experiments demonstrate improved sharpness in capturing shock waves and stability in complex conditions like two interacting blast waves. Key highlights include simultaneous capture of small-scale smooth fluctuations and shock waves with precision surpassing the original WENO and MWCS methods. Despite the significantly improved accuracy, the extra computational cost brought by the new method is only marginally increased compared to the original WENO, and it outperforms MWCS in both accuracy and efficiency. Overall, this method enhances simulation fidelity and effectively balances accuracy and computational efficiency across various problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we developed a nonlinear mathematical model for the transmission of the monkeypox virus among populations of humans and rodents under the fractal-fractional operators in the context of Atangana-Baleanu. For the theoretical analysis, the renowned theorems of fixed points, like Banach's and Krasnoselskii's types, were used to prove the existence and uniqueness of the solutions. Additionally, some results regarding the stability of the equilibrium points and the basic reproduction number were provided. In addition, the numerical schemes of the considered model were established using the Adams-Bashforth method. Our analytical findings were supported by the numerical simulations to explain the effects of changing a few sets of fractional orders and fractal dimensions. Some graphic simulations were displayed with some parameters calculated from real data to understand the behavior of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New high-order weak schemes are proposed and simplified to solve stochastic differential equations with Markovian switching driven by pure jumps (PJ-SDEwMs). Using Malliavin calculus theory, it is rigorously proven that the new numerical schemes can achieve a high-order convergence rate. Some numerical experiments are provided to show the efficiency and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancement in thermodynamical characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid is achieved by induction of gyrotactic microorganisms in order to attain efficient thermal and mechanical engineering setups, such as micromixers, microfluidic instruments, biosensors and microdevices. So, the primer motive to conduct this research is to examine the effectiveness of gyrotactic microorganisms in managing heat transport in Carreau nanofluid flow over a linearly stretched surface under the effectiveness of opposing and assisting buoyancy forces. Physical aspect of magnetic field along with slip boundary constraint also entertained by employing in vertical direction. The governing equations are modelled in the form of dimensional PDE's and latterly transformed into dimensionless ODEs via similarity transformations. Solution of obtained set of differential system is solved by implementing Runge-Kutta of order 4 and shooting procedure. Visualizations about influence of flow concerning parameters on associated distributions are analyzed in comparative manner for opposing and assisting buoyancy parameter. In addition, metrics for quantities of engineering interest, such as heat and mass fluxes for nano and gyrotactic particles along with skin friction coefficient are calculated in a comprehensive manner.

In this study, a novel scheme for the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative is employed to solve the problem of a fractional SIR model and a financial chaotic system. It is discovered that the proposed method yields equivalent solutions to some approximate results presented by the other techniques. Therefore, the strategy could be generalized to other systems to get more precise solutions. A novel fractional derivative scheme and algorithm presented here can be used to create and simulate fractional models for solving challenging problems in physics, biology, and engineering in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a multi-wing chaotic system with classical derivative has been studied. The conditions under which the existence and uniqueness of the solution of this chaotic system exist are examined. Afterwards, this chaotic system has been modified using fractional differential operators, and in this case the behavior of the multi-wing chaotic system has been investigated. Moreover, the newly introduced piecewise differential operators is included in such a chaotic system and the piecewise chaotic system is solved by using Newton polynomial approach. The numerical simulations of piecewise chaotic system are performed for fractional order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In global hydrological models, river discharge is accumulated by following the river network, which presumes that there is one downstream destination for each grid. Implementing "diversions" where there are multiple downstream destinations, such as bifurcations and inter-basin water transfers, requires an extension of river routing algorithms. Previous global water resources models that implemented diversions typically used a semi-implicit numerical scheme where river discharge should be calculated in an upstream-to-downstream order. The major obstacle to flexible application to any river network with diversions was that ad-hoc modification of the model's code was required because the river sequence map to specify calculation order was developed without considering diversions. To overcome this limitation, we developed two new river routing algorithms that can generally represent diversions. One is automatically updating river sequence considering diversions and the other is introducing the Forward Time Centered Space scheme. The former has the advantage of stability under longer time steps, while the latter's strength lies in its easy implementation and applicability where backwater happens. We confirmed that both algorithms efficiently handle the complex canal network in the Indus River. These approaches allow us to flexibly implement diversions in river routing algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The parabolic systems for migration of groundwater contaminants are studied through the semi-analytic method (SAM). For systems, a modification of the classic trigonometric basis function (TBF) is proposed that successfully obtains the solution on the available boundary data and improves accuracy. The method is based on a theory that removes instability and keeps the same accuracy. However, especially when using SAM schemes with acceptable stability properties, one is still faced with the considerable task of linearizing the systems, consequently, the linearization of the systems which approximate the nonlinear term with the first order derivative is introduced. The final approximation is given by the summation of the primary approximation, radial basis functions (RBFs), and the related TBFs which are determined by the homogeneous boundary conditions. Then the approximation is substituted back to the governing equations where the unknown coefficients can be determined. The efficiency of the algorithm is highlighted by numerical simulations relating to a model on test cases with analytical solutions and without an analytical solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stable scheme is proposed in this paper in order to obtain approximate solutions of second-moment turbulent models for incompressible flows with or without thermal transport equation. The analysis of the convective terms, which includes the solution of the associated Riemann problem, enables to propose a standard projection scheme, and to get rid of spurious oscillations.

In this work, an epidemic model of a susceptible, exposed, infected and recovered SEIR-type is established for the distinctive dynamic compartments and epidemic characteristics of COVID-19 as it spreads across a population with a heterogeneous rate. The proposed model is investigated using a novel approach of fractional calculus known as piecewise derivatives. The existence theory is demonstrated through the establishment of sufficient conditions. In addition, result related to Hyers-Ulam stability is also derived for the considered model. A numerical method based on modified Euler procedure is also constructed to simulate the approximate solutions of the proposed model by employing various values of fractional orders. We testified the numerical results by using real available data of Japan. In addition, some results for the SEIR-type model are also presented graphically using the stochastic process, and the obtained results are discussed.

We have considered a special class of ordinary differential equations in which the differential operators are those of the Caputo fractional global derivative. These equations are generalizations of the well-known differential equations with the Caputo fractional derivative. Due to the various possible applications of these equations to model real-world problems we have first introduced some new inequalities that will be used in all fields of science, technology and engineering where these equations could be applied. We used Nagumo's principles to establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution for this class of equations with additional conditions. We have applied the midpoint principle to obtain a numerical scheme that will be used to solve these equations numerically. Some illustrative examples are presented with excellent results.

It has been reported that the quick progression and abnormal division of cells give rise to tumors. New cells are produced to fulfill new duties and replace older cells in the body of the host. It is obvious that tumors are deadly and affect practically every aspect of human life. Businesses, families, patients, and society as a whole lose financial resources and opportunities as a result of cancer and its treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to look at how tumors behave dynamically as a result of therapy and to highlight for policymakers and health officials the key elements of the system. In this research work, we formulate the transmission phenomena of tumor growth with the effect of virotherapy treatment in the fractional framework. Besides that, we focussed in our work on qualitative analysis and dynamic behavior of tumor dynamics. Using Banach's and Schaefer's theorems and the fixed-point theorem, the uniqueness and existence of the solution to the suggested model of tumor are examined. The necessary circumstances are established for our tumor system's Ulam-Hyers stability. Laplace Adomian decomposition approach is used to examine the solution pathways and show the contribution of input factors on the dynamics of tumor growth. More specifically, we focused on the time series and chaotic behavior of the suggested system with change in input factors. The system's most crucial components are recommended for regulating the dynamics of the tumor system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an epidemic model of a susceptible, exposed, infected and recovered SEIRtype is established for the distinctive dynamic compartments and epidemic characteristics of COVID-19 as it spreads across a population with a heterogeneous rate. The proposed model is investigated using a novel approach of fractional calculus known as piecewise derivatives. The existence theory is demonstrated through the establishment of sufficient conditions. In addition, result related to Hyers-Ulam stability is also derived for the considered model. A numerical method based on modified Euler procedure is also constructed to simulate the approximate solutions of the proposed model by employing various values of fractional orders. We testified the numerical results by using real available data of Japan. In addition, some results for the SEIR-type model are also presented graphically using the stochastic process, and the obtained results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we present a numerical iterative scheme for solving a non-local singular initial-boundary value problem by combining two well known efficient methods. Namely, the homotopy analysis method and the double Laplace transform method. The resulting scheme is tested on a set of test examples to illustrate its efficiency, it generates the exact analytical solution for each one of these examples. The convergence of the resulting numerical solutions of these examples is tested both graphically and numerically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is devoted to establish a numerical scheme for system of fractional-order differential equations (FODEs) with order 1 < ≤ 2. The scheme is established by using Bernstein polynomials (BPs). Based on the said materials, some operational matrices are formed. With the help of obtained operational matrices, the considered system is reduced to some algebraic system of equations. On using MATLAB-16, the system is then solved to get the required numerical solution for the proposed system. Several examples are treated with the help of the proposed method for numerical solutions. Further, error analysis is also recorded for different fractional orders and various scale levels. The mentioned results are displayed graphically. Comparison with exact solution at traditional order derivative is also given. It should be kept in mind that the proposed method does not require any kind of discretization or collocation. Also, there is no external parameter which controls the method. Due to these features, the proposed method is powerful and efficient for different classes of FODEs to compute their numerical solutions. The efficiency of the proposed method can be enhanced by increasing the scale level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have considered a special class of ordinary differential equations in which the differential operators are those of the Caputo fractional global derivative. These equations are generalizations of the well-known differential equations with the Caputo fractional derivative. Due to the various possible applications of these equations to model real-world problems we have first introduced some new inequalities that will be used in all fields of science, technology and engineering where these equations could be applied. We used Nagumo's principles to establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution for this class of equations with additional conditions. We have applied the midpoint principle to obtain a numerical scheme that will be used to solve these equations numerically. Some illustrative examples are presented with excellent results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aim to give the numerical method for solving the fractional Volterra integral equations of first and second kinds. We here use the techniques based upon rational Chebyshev functions and Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals. Some illustrative experiments with a view of estimating error and graphics are given in order to show the validity and applicability of the technique. Our experiments show that the new technique has high accuracy and is very efficient when compare to the other approaches existing in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time-discrete numerical minimization schemes for simple visco-elastic materials in the Kelvin-Voigt rheology at high strains are not well posed because of the non-quasi-convexity of the dissipation functional. A possible solution is to resort to non-simple material models with higher-order gradients of deformations. However, this makes numerical computations much more involved. Here, we propose another approach that relies on local minimizers of the simple material model. Computational tests are provided that show a very good agreement between our model and the original.

This study aims to propose numerical schemes for fractional time discretization of partial differential equations (PDEs). The scheme is comprised of two stages. Using von Neumann stability analysis, we ensure the robustness of the scheme. The energy balance model for climate change is modified by adding source terms. The local stability analysis of the model is presented. Also, the fractional model in the form of PDEs with the effect of diffusion is given and solved by applying the proposed scheme. The proposed scheme is compared with the existing scheme, which shows a faster convergence of the presented scheme than the existing one. The effects of feedback, deep ocean heat uptake, and heat source parameters on global mean surface and deep ocean temperatures are displayed in graphs. The current study is cemented by the fact-based popular approximations of the surveys and modeling techniques, which have been the focus of several researchers for thousands of years. Mathematics Subject Classification:65P99, 86Axx, 35Fxx. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-03-011 Full Text: PDF

In this article, we investigate some necessary and sufficient conditions required for the existence of solutions for modified ABC-fractional differential equations (mAB-FDEs) with p-Laplacian operator. We also study the uniqueness and Hyers-Ulam stability (HU-stability) for the solutions of the presumed mABC-FDEs system. For the recently developed mABC-operator, such a problem has not yet studied also our problem is more general than those in the available literature.

Across many real-world problems, crossover tendencies are seen. Piecewise differential operators are constructed by using different kernels that exhibit behaviors arising in several real-world problems; thus, crossover behaviors could be well modeled using these differential and integral operators. Power-law processes, fading memory processes and processes that mimic the generalized Mittag-Leffler function are a few examples. However, the use of piecewise differential and integral operators cannot be applied to all processes involving crossovers. For instance, a considerable alteration eventually manifests when groundwater over-abstraction causes it to flow from confined to unconfined aquifers. The idea of piecewise differential equations, which can be thought of as an extension of piecewise functions to the framework of differential equations, is introduced in this work. While we concentrate on ordinary differential equations, it is important to note that partial differential equations can also be constructed with the same technique. For both integer and non-integer instances, piecewise differential equations have been introduced. We have explained the usage of the Laplace transform for the linear case and demonstrated how a new class of Bode diagrams could be produced. We have provided some examples of numerical solutions as well as conditions for the existence and uniqueness of their solutions. We discussed a few scenarios in which we used chaos and non-linear ordinary differential equations to produce novel varieties of chaos. We believe that this idea could lead to some significant conclusions in the future.

In this study, we examine the impact of vaccination and environmental transmission on the dynamics of the monkeypox. We formulate and analyze a mathematical model for the dynamics of monkeypox virus transmission under Caputo fractional order. We obtain the basic reproduction number, the conditions for the local and global asymptotic stability for the disease-free equilibrium of the model. Under the Caputo fractional order, existence and uniqueness solutions have been determined using fixed point theorem. Numerical trajectories are obtained. Furthermore, we explored some of the sensitive parameters impact. Based on the trajectories, we hypothesised that the memory index or fractional order could use to control the Monkeypox virus transmission dynamics. We observed that if the proper vaccination is administrated, public health education is given, and practice like personal hygiene and proper disinfection spray, the infected individuals decreases.

An explicit computational scheme is proposed for solving fractal time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs). The scheme is a three-stage scheme constructed using the fractal Taylor series. The fractal time order of the scheme is three. The scheme also ensures stability. The approach is utilized to model the time-varying boundary layer flow of a non-Newtonian fluid over both stationary and oscillating surfaces, taking into account the influence of heat generation that depends on both space and temperature. The continuity equation of the considered incompressible fluid is discretized by first-order backward difference formulas, whereas the dimensionless Navier–Stokes equation, energy, and equation for nanoparticle volume fraction are discretized by the proposed scheme in fractal time. The effect of different parameters involved in the velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle volume fraction are displayed graphically. The velocity profile rises as the parameter I grows. We primarily apply this computational approach to analyze a non-Newtonian fluid’s fractal time-dependent boundary layer flow over flat and oscillatory sheets. Considering spatial and temperature-dependent heat generation is a crucial factor that introduces additional complexity to the analysis. The continuity equation for the incompressible fluid is discretized using first-order backward difference formulas. On the other hand, the dimensionless Navier–Stokes equation, energy equation, and the equation governing nanoparticle volume fraction are discretized using the proposed fractal time-dependent scheme.

New high-order weak schemes are proposed and simplified to solve stochastic differential equations with Markovian switching driven by pure jumps (PJ-SDEwMs). Using Malliavin calculus theory, it is rigorously proven that the new numerical schemes can achieve a high-order convergence rate. Some numerical experiments are provided to show the efficiency and accuracy.

A new fractional difference with an exponential kernel function is proposed in this study. First, a difference operator is defined by the exponential function. From the Cauchy problem of the nth-order difference equation, new fractional-order sum and differences are presented. The propositions between each other and numerical schemes are derived. Finally, fractional linear difference equations are presented, and exact solutions are given by using a new discrete Mittag-Leffler function.