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Background Child maltreatment has significant impact on the health and wellness of children and is a public health concern. Healthcare professionals are legally obligated mandated reporters in many states but make up only a small number of positive child maltreatment reports even when direct patient contact occurs. Methods Eight pediatric nurse practitioner students, four standard patients (SP), four community volunteers, and three faculty participated in a virtual SP event simulation. Students prepared with assignments and interactive lectures on child abuse and mandated reporting. They were asked to discuss concerning findings with SPs and complete a simulated report or concern. Standardized, evidence based, debriefing practices were utilized following the simulation to increase retention. This was determined by institutional review board to be quality improvement. Results Students, faculty, and community members reported positive learning experiences, and preparation for future clinical practice. Limitations included small class size, limited data collected due to timing and nature of the event. Conclusions The use of virtual simulation in child maltreatment and mandated reporting education is an effective method of preparation for clinical practice. Future research on effectiveness of training and expansion to multidisciplinary events could benefit future practice.

Background/purpose In 1906, there was a dental treatment room established in the department of surgery of Taipei Hospital to introduce modern dental services to Taiwan. It is undoubtedly the earliest hospital dentistry in Taiwan. This study tried to assess the dental manpower and treated dental diseases in Taipei Hospital, and hence to explore the appearance of Taiwan's early hospital dentistry. Materials and methods This study utilized the secondary data analysis to evaluate the dental manpower and treated dental diseases of dental outpatients in the 27th Annual Report of Taipei Hospital (Taisho 12th year or 1923). Results Our results found that there were 3 dentists and one dental technician in the dental department of Taipei Hospital in 1923. These 3 dentists totally treated 3 inpatients and 1759 outpatients with 4511 outpatient visits (1959 for male patients and 2552 for female patients) in that year. Dental caries and retained root were the two most common dental diseases in Japanese and Taiwanese dental outpatients, and followed in a descending order by missing tooth, pulp necrosis, and pulpitis for Japanese outpatients as well as pulpitis, suppurative periodontitis, and acute or chronic periodontitis for Taiwanese outpatients. Conclusion We conclude that the dentistry of Taipei Hospital in 1923 does have a modern form of dentistry with 3 dentists and one dental technician. Its dental patients are mainly Japanese and minorly Taiwanese. Moreover, the treated dental diseases are mainly tooth diseases for Japanese outpatients and both tooth and periodontal diseases for Taiwanese outpatients.

Introduction Lifestyle factors are associated with musculoskeletal pain and metabolic chronic diseases. To date, intensive lifestyle medicine programs have predominantly targeted metabolic rather than musculoskeletal conditions. Objective To assess the feasibility of an intensive interprofessional lifestyle medicine program for patients with musculoskeletal conditions. Design Prospective observational feasibility study. Setting Tertiary academic medical center. Patients Adults diagnosed with musculoskeletal condition(s) and lifestyle-related chronic disease(s) who previously completed standard-of-care musculoskeletal treatments, enrolled from 2018-2020. Interventions Patients enrolled in an intensive interprofessional lifestyle medicine program led by a physiatrist, with options to interface with an acupuncturist, dietician, massage therapist, psychologist, physical therapist, and smoking cessation specialist. The physiatrist engaged in shared decision making with patients to establish program goals related to function, overall health, and required lifestyle changes. Bi-monthly interprofessional team conferences facilitated communication between treatment team and patients. Main outcome measures Feasibility was measured by patient participation and goal attainment. Secondary outcomes included changes from program enrollment to discharge in patient anthropometric, metabolic lab, sleep apnea risk, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) function, pain, and behavioral health measures. Results Twenty-six patients enrolled in the program (18 (69%) female, mean age 59 (SD 14.5) years, baseline HbA1c 6.0% (0.8%), hs-CRP 7.7 (12.1) mg/dL, 25-hydroxy Vitamin D 32.0 (14.2) ng/mL). Of 21 (81%) patients who completed the program, 13/21 (62%) met their goal. On average, program completers presented for 26.2 (10.6) total visits over 191 (88) days. By discharge, program completers achieved clinically meaningful improvement in PROMIS Anxiety (mean difference -3.5 points 95% CI (-6.5-.5), p=.035), whereas non-completers did not (p>.05). Conclusions An intensive interprofessional lifestyle medicine program for patients with musculoskeletal conditions is feasible. With training in lifestyle intervention, physiatrists are well-suited to lead interprofessional teams aimed at assisting patients in making lifestyle changes to achieve personalized function- and health-related goals. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Proper maxillomandibular relationship registration can be clinically challenging during a digital workflow in full-arch rehabilitations. This dental technique requires the manufacturing and use of a hybrid surgical guide custom scanning device, indicated to be used during implant placement surgery, in addition to being used to simultaneously register the maxillomandibular relationship and transfer the implants’ 3D positioning, ensuring a fully digital workflow in full-arch implant-supported prosthesis rehabilitation. The sequence of steps presented here will allow dentists and dental technicians to conduct rehabilitations from denture to the final implant-supported prosthesis using a full-digital protocol, using a minimal quantity of intraoral devices and digital tools.

Postgraduate training of dental technicians is their right and obligation, to meet the expectations of patients and dentists in the provision of health care. On May 31, 2019, the Bulgarian Association of Dental Technicians was established. It is still unable to organize its activities in the direction - organization and control of postgraduate education. Our purpose is to find out if teachers are willing to participate in continuing education for practicing dental technicians, the directions in which they have the opportunity to do this and who should organize it. To achieve this purpose we used the following methods: study of literature sources, documents, sociologically, graphic and descriptive analysis to present the results. We found that, according to a large part, continuing education should be organized by Bulgarian Association of Dental Technicians, the second place is assigned to Bulgarian Association of Dental Technicians jointly with the colleges, and the third place is represented by the manufacturing companies of materials and devices. together with prominent specialists from the practice. Most of them are ready to participate in the postgraduate training of dental technicians, with the predominance of the respondents ready to organize courses in the field of modern methods and means for restoration of the defects of the dental crowns and dental rows with non-removable dental prosthetic structures. A small part of the teachers (27,78%) offer other additional courses, which will help practicing dental technicians: for development and management of practice; in the mentoring process; to create a publishing activity.

The existence of street vendors (in Indonesian called Pedagang Kaki Lima/PKL), who are often shabby and disturb the visual image of the city, has become an issue raised in this community service program. This service program assists PKL Communities along Wahidin Sudirohusodo Street Yogyakarta (in front of the Duta Wacana Christian University Campus). The PKL Wahidin community has the intention to improve itself to organize street vendors that involve relevant stakeholders (according to the Yogyakarta City ‘gandeng-gendong’ program) it is hoped that it can become an identity for an image of a city in Yogyakarta. The process of designing street vendors tents using participatory design methods, community-based design with stages in the form of surveys, observations, interviews, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and making tent design mockups. The participatory design method chosen was expected to make the community have a ‘sense of belonging’ to the arrangement of street vendors along Wahidin Street so that sustainability would be created. This tent design can later be moved (movable) and following user needs and because the location of the design sidewalks remains environmentally friendly to pedestrians.

Introduction Even with the benefits of vaccinations, some parents refuse vaccinations because of the influence of vaccine opponents. The purpose of this article is to identify common vaccine concerns on public forums and address these concerns with scientific evidence, thereby offering pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs) information on how to respond. Method Six electronic databases were searched to identify parental concerns regarding vaccines and provide evidence-based responses to each concern. Results Some parents are concerned that health care providers do not obtain written informed consent before vaccinating their children. Another common concern is that pharmaceutical companies are solely motivated by financial profits when manufacturing vaccines. Parents also share concerns about vaccine manufacturers’ exemption from liability for those who suffer a vaccine-related injury. Discussion PNPs are responsible for addressing parents’ concerns regarding vaccines and providing the public with correct information. PNPs are in a prime position to influence parental vaccine decision-making positively.

Purpose Knowledge about the most prevalent types of Kennedy classifications is of great value and will enlighten dental students, dental technicians, and practitioners regarding the treatment needs of their patients, ultimately leading to better treatment outcomes. The aim was to determine the prevalence of various Kennedy classifications among patients attending clinics at the College of Dentistry at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdulaziz Dental Center, National Guard Health Affairs, who were seeking treatment for partial edentulism. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted by visualizing cast models for partially edentulous patients. Kennedy classification, age, gender, and treatment design were recorded from the lab request sheets that were attached to the casts in the labs at both the College of Dentistry at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdulaziz Dental Center, National Guard Health Affairs. The statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 20.0 utilizing frequency and Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation tests. Results Kennedy Class I (45.0%) was the most prevalent pattern in both dental arches, followed by Class III (26.2%). Next was Class II (23.3%), while Class IV was the least prevalent (5.4%). Conclusion Kennedy Class I was the most noted classification in our patient population. As age increases, there is an increased tendency toward Class I and II.

In recent years, the number of dental technicians (DTs) in Japan has fluctuated around 35,000. However, this number is expected to decline dramatically in future, given the increase in the number of older DTs and marked decline in the number of younger DTs. This is a review of various reports analyzing the supply of and demand for DTs in Japan and a description of prospective measures to ensure a sufficient supply of DTs in future. Several previous reports have suggested that the number of DTs will fall more rapidly than the demand. However, there are only few quantitative assessments of the supply of and demand for DTs, and extensive investigation of how the decrease in numbers will affect the future of dental services is required. The role of each Japanese dental profession, that is, dentists, dental hygienists, and dental technicians, is well-defined; they are to provide dental services to the Japanese people. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the required number of each dental profession in future. For clarity on the social situation of DTs and to help in taking immediate measures, it is important to analyze the supply and demand of DTs from various perspectives, such as region.

Tenisha Dandridge is a cofounder and the current president of the Black Acupuncturist Association (US). She advocates using Chinese medicine and acupuncture to address the racial health disparities afflicting African Americans. In June 2020 an editor of Asian Medicine interviewed her about her career and medical activism. The main themes of the interview include: how racial bias results in disproportionately high rates of morbidity and mortality among African Americans; how the theories and therapies of Chinese medicine are well suited for addressing the psychophysiological harms caused by racial discrimination; why it is important to increase Black representation in the acupuncture profession; and how community-based modes of healing can expand African Americans’ interest in, access to, and utilization of acupuncture and ear seed acupressure.

As banking firms attempt to attract and retain customers, a default is to add technological services (most recent mobile banking), even though previous studies have found that bank tellers are most...

Entailing a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, this study explored alternative configurations leading to high-level work-family facilitation among 142 and 127 flight attendants employed re...

Design has been known for its potential to solve problem outside of design industries, and one of them is the lack of competitiveness of micro businesses in Indonesia. This project will serve as the example on how design, through Design Thinking method could increase the competitiveness through adding value of the business in the form of well design bike cart. The micro business that become the object of this project is a fish ball street vendor in Bekasi town, Indonesia. The outcome of this project is the prototype of the cart that will be used by the user on his daily selling activity.KeywordsDesign, real world, case study, fish ball seller chart

A promising practice for educating anti-trafficking stakeholders in healthcare emerged through an innovative train-the-trainer programme from a National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioner’s initiative called the Alliance for Children in Trafficking (ACT). The purpose of this training is to provide effective, high-quality education development with wide dissemination and reach. The obstacles to in-person education due to COVID-19 resulted in a pivot to a virtual platform to continue the ACT Advocate programme. This paper considers the engagement of the nursing profession in operationalising the ACT Advocate programme as a way to lead advocacy and education efforts, using a public health approach, for effective responses to child trafficking.

Street vendors are one of the informal sectors that often cause problems in urban areas, such as the street vendors in Mojokerto City Square. The presence of street vendors is considered to have disturbed the orderliness and cleanliness of the city environment. Therefore, based on the Local Government Regulation of Mojokerto City No. 5 of 2005 concerning the Arrangement and Development of Street Vendor Activities, the government implemented a policy of street vendor relocation. This paper aims to analyze the implementation of street vendor relocation policy in the area of ​​Mojokerto City square. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach involving six key informants with interviews and documentation as the data collection method. This study indicates that implementing the street vendors relocation policy in the square area of ​​Mojokerto City is not entirely effective. Four factors influence the implementation of the policy, communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure.

BACKGROUND: Dentistry is risky for acquiring and spreading a lot of infections. Patients in dental practice, especially those treated with dental prostheses, are at high risk both for acquisition and as a source of infectious diseases. AIM: Our study aims to estimate the level of knowledge about transmission of infections, hygienic disinfection of hands, and dental impressions among dental students during a pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online anonymous survey was conducted among 106 students of dental medicine from the Faculty of Dental Medicine - Plovdiv, Bulgaria. RESULTS: According to 8.5% of students, hands are a factor for transmission of infections only if they are visibly contaminated and 2.8% do not think that hands are a factor. 19.3% believe that dental impressions could be a factor in transmitting microorganisms from the dentist to the dental technicians only if they are visibly contaminated and 1.8% deny this possibility. CONCLUSION: In our country, it is necessary to be done and implement in practice a protocol for disinfection of impressions and prostheses, as they are epidemiological factors for the transmission of microorganisms between the dental office and the dental laboratory. The results in practice, after the implementation of the protocol, should be checked regularly.

В качестве подарка к юбилею Ф.Ш.Хузина в статье представлены основные данные о значимом для средневековой археологии Волго-Камского региона открытии медницкой мастерской на Рождественском городище – торгово-ремесленной фактории булгар в Пермском крае. Мастерская была основана в XII в. медником, переселившимся из Волжской Булгарии, и продолжала функционировать до второй половины XIII века. Она занимала обширную постройку каркасной-столбовой конструкции площадью более 200 кв. м, которая была разделена перегородками на хозяйственное, жилое и производственное помещения, где ремесленник и работал, и проживал со своей семьей. Полученные в мастерской богатые материалы (в основном, отходы производства – медные сплески, недокованные пластины, обрезки пластин, пластинчатые заклепки на всех стадиях изготовления и пр.) позволяют в полной мере проследить технологию медницкого дела, представить ассортимент продукции, производимой медником (котлы, предметы быта, украшения, проволока), частично – набор инструментов, практически аналогичных кузнечным. Сопутствующие материалы бытового и хозяйственного назначения свидетельствуют о высоком уровне жизни ремесленника, о его грамотности (находка стилоса). Несомненно, булгарские мастера, поселившиеся на Рождественском городище, известном по арабским источникам как городок Афкула, не только обеспечивали местное население ремесленной продукцией, но и способствовали развитию здесь городской культуры. Библиографические ссылки Белавин А.М. Камский торговый путь из Болгара «в страну Вису и Чулыман» // Международные связи, торговые пути и города Среднего Поволжья в IX–XIII веков. Материалы Международного симпозиума Казань, 8–10 сентября 1998 г. / Отв. ред. Ф.Ш. Хузин. Казань: ИИ АНТ, 1999. С. 161–173. Белавин А.М. Камский торговый путь. Средневековое Предуралье в его экономических и этнокультурных связях. Пермь: ПГПУ, 2000. 200 с. Белавин А.М. О социально-экономических критериях выделения протогородов у коренных народов Урало-Поволжья // Труды Камской археолого-этнографической экспедиции. Вып. I–II / Отв. ред. А.М. Белавин. Пермь: ПГПУ, 2001. С. 108–110. Белавин А.М. Вопросы ранней урбанизации в средневековом финно- угорском мире по данным археологии // Труды Камской археолого-этнографической экспедиции. Вып. XV. / Отв. ред. А.М. Белавин. Пермь: ПГГПУ, 2019. С. 117–127. Белавин А.М., Крыласова Н.Б. Основные итоги изучения Рождественского археологического комплекса (город Афкула) в Пермском крае // Научный Татарстан. 2009. № 2. С. 6–20. Белавин А.М., Крыласова Н.Б. Касаба Афкула в письменных источниках и в археологической реальности Вопросы интеграции археологических и исторических исследований Материалы Всероссийской (с международным участием) археологической конференции (Астрахань, 29 сентября – 01 октября 2017 г.) / Отв. ред. Д.В. Васильев. Астрахань: Изд-ль Сорокин Роман Васильевич, 2017. С. 3–10. Белавин А.М., Крыласова Н.Б. Ювелирные инструменты средневекового населения Предуралья (по материалам Рождественского археологического комплекса) // Препринт научного доклада на международной конференции «Археология Арктики», 19–22 ноября 2017 г., г. Салехард, Россия; Перм. гос. гуманит.-пед. ун-т. Пермь, 2017. 19 с. Крыласова Н.Б. Археология повседневности: материальная культура средневекового Предуралья. Пермь: ПГПУ, 2007. 352 с. Крыласова Н.Б. Керамическая посуда Рождественского городища. Раскоп VII 2008 г. // Труды Камской археолого-этнографической экспедиции. Университет и историко-культурное наследие региона. Вып. V. / Отв. ред. А.М. Белавин. Пермь:: ПГПУ, 2008. С. 139–147. Крыласова Н.Б., Подосёнова Ю.А. Флаконовидные пронизки на территории Пермского Предуралья в эпоху средневековья // Вестник Пермского научного центра. 2018. № 2. С. 49–60. Крыласова Н.Б., Подосёнова Ю.А. Лунница из Рождественского городища // Вестник Музея археологии и этнографии Пермского Предуралья. 2018а. Вып. VIII. С. 31–35. Крыласова Н.Б., Подосёнова Ю.А. Медницкое дело в средневековом городке (по материалам раскопок 2018 года на Рождественском городище) // Вестник Пермского университета. История. 2020. № 1 (48). С. 62–70. Культура Биляра. Булгарские орудия труда и оружие X–XIII вв. / Отв. ред. А.Х. Халиков. М.: Наука, 1985. 216 с. Кузьминых С.В., Семыкин Ю.А. Цветная металлообработка // История Татар с древнейших времен. Т.II. Волжская Булгария и Великая Степь. / Отв. ред. Ф.Ш. Хузин. Казань: Изд-во РухИЛ,, 2006. С. 258–271. Моряхина К.В. Контакты населения Пермского Предуралья и Волжской Булгарии (по материалам украшений рук) // Труды Камской археолого-этнографической экспедиции. Вып. XVI. / Отв. ред. А.М. Белавин. Пермь: ПГГПУ, 2020. С. 15–20. Овчинникова Б.Б. Писала-стилосы Древнего Новгорода X–XV вв.: (свод археологического источника) // Проблемы истории России. Вып. 3: Новгородская Русь: историческое пространство и культурное наследие. Екатеринбург, 2000. С.45–105. Подосенова Ю.А. Височные украшения средневекового населения Пермского Предуралья. Пермь: Пггпу, ПФИЦ УрО РАН, 2021. 210 с. Руденко К.А. Металлическая посуда Поволжья и Прикамья в VIII–XIV вв. Казань: Репер, 2000. 158 с. Руденко К.А. Булгарские изделия из кости и рога // Древности Поволжья: эпоха средневековья (исследования культурного наследия Волжской Булгарии и Золотой Орды) / Отв. ред. К.А. Руденко. Казань: Школа, 2005. С. 67–97. Руденко К.А. Булгарское черневое искусство: перстни. Казань: КГУКИ, 2010. 44 с. Хузин Ф.Ш. Некоторые проблемы изучения Камского торгового пути // Камский торговый путь. Материалы II Всероссийской научно-практической конференции / Ред. Корнилова И. В. и др Набережные Челны: НГПУ, 2018. С. 48–56. Pops H. Изготовление проволоки – из древности в будущее / пер. С.Юрьев // Компоненты и технологии. 2009. № 7. С. 140–146.

Data-driven imitation learning enables service robots to learn social interaction behaviors, but these systems cannot adapt after training to changes in the environment, such as changing products in a store. To solve this, a novel learning system that uses neural attention and approximate string matching to copy information from a product information database to its output is proposed. A camera shop interaction dataset was simulated for training/testing. The proposed system was found to outperform a baseline and a previous state of the art in an offline, human-judged evaluation.

Healthy teeth are the key to the normal functioning of the whole organism; people should start taking care of the condition of their teeth from early childhood. It is the teeth that are the only organ of the human body that is incapable of regeneration, so they need special care and the most careful attitude. Not everyone regularly visits dentists, and very few are closely familiar with the work of their right-hand people — dental technicians. At the beginning of the 18th century, serious changes took place in the field of dentistry, i.e. the transition from conservative tooth extraction to the desire for their maximum preservation and restoration. Pierre Fauchard is considered the ideological inspirer of scientific dentistry. By the way, it is dentists who are most directly related to the formation of another scientific discipline — anesthesiology. The first experiments with anesthetics — nitrous oxide (laughing gas) and sulfuric ether — began to be used by dentists as early as the 19th century. It was then that the English naturalist H. Davy experienced the pain-dulling effect of nitrous oxide fumes, and in the 40s of the same century, another dentist had a tooth removed for the first time under the influence of «laughing gas». Many people are used to calling stomatologists dentists, but this broad concept unites not only dentists and surgeons, but also feldshers and technicians. Each individual direction requires a highly qualified specialist, serious practical experience and excellent work skills.

Though many clinical trials rely on medical image evaluations for primary or key secondary endpoints, the methods to monitor reader performance are all too often mired in the legacy use of adjudication rates. If misused, this simple metric can be misleading and sometimes entirely contradictory. Furthermore, attempts to overcome the limitations of adjudication rates using de novo or ad hoc methods often ignore well-established research conducted over the last half-century and can lead to inaccurate conclusions or variable interpretations. Underperforming readers can be missed, expert readers retrained, or worse, replaced. This paper aims to standardize reader performance evaluations using proven statistical methods. Additionally, these methods will describe how to discriminate between scenarios of concern and normal medical interpretation variability. Statistical methods are provided for inter-reader and intra-reader variability and bias, including the adjudicator's bias. Finally, we have compiled guidelines for calculating correct sample sizes, considerations for intra-reader memory recall, and applying alternative designs for independent readers.

Purpose: Sensitization to metals is a significant problem in dental, occupational exposures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of contact sensitization to selected metals during the course of study among students from dental technician school and the prevalence of co- sensitization. Material and Methods: Skin patch testing with potassium dichromate, cobalt, gold, nickel, copper, palladium, aluminium, tin and sodium tetrachloropalladate(II)hydrate was performed among 150 dental technician students (38 – 1st year of study,40 – 2nd year of study and 38 – 3rd year of study); the control group included 34 students without educational exposure to metals. Chi-square test, Fisher Exact Test and multiple binary logistic regression were used in data analysis. Results: During the educational course of dental technician students, a clear tendency of increase in the prevalence of sensitization to nickel (1st year of study - 10.5%, 3rd year of study - 36.8% cobalt (13.2% vs 39.5%) and palladium(II)chloride (10.5% vs 26.3%) was established. For the whole studied population, the prevalence of positive reactions to sodium tetrachloropalladate (II) hydrate was the highest – 30%; the highest recorded value was among the 2nd year students – 57.5%. The prevalence of sensitization to more than one metal allergen among the studied population was high (66.7%), the highest value was reported among 3rd-year dental technician students (78.9%). Conclusions: Our data indicate a high risk of contact sensitization to metals relevant for the dental technician students, which increases in the course of educational exposure for some of the metal haptens. Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) hydrate could be outlined as a sensitizer of prominent importance, probably due to the increased sensitivity of this test salt. Additional and studies, including more respondents from the othe Colleges in Bulgaria are recommended. Adequate prevention programs and information should be provided, and the European Union regulations should be properly applied.

Telegrapher’s equations that account for the speed and acceleration of a current and voltage were derived using a modified Ohm’s law formula that includes relaxation components. Examining the exact...

The profession of "dental technician" appeared relatively late. The first dental technicians were trained by dentists and worked for them. Gradually, they separated as master owners of the studios and began to hire and train apprentices and journeymen. This time has long been forgotten. After 1997, a dental technician became a person who acquired the right to practice the profession after three years of college education. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, the profession began with private initiative, passed through state and municipal ownership of dental laboratories, in order to return, for the most part, back to private initiative. Our goal is to study and present demographic characteristics, professional status and qualifications of practitioners in the specialty. To achieve this goal, we studied literature sources, regulations and conducted a sociological survey involving 360 dental technicians. The respondents are from 25 regional colleges of the Bulgarian Association of Dental Technicians, from which we received permission to hold it. We found that the class is relatively aging, which is in line with the demographic problems in our country and in the countries of the European Union. The profession is dominated by men, managers of dental laboratories, who for the most part are registered as Independent Medical and Technical Laboratories. A relatively large number of dental technicians periodically attend postgraduate courses to meet the ever-increasing demands of dentists and patients.

Introduction The purpose of this study was to describe the holistic impacts of COVID-19 on pediatric advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs). Method AA convenience sample of APRNs affiliated with the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners participated in this cross-sectional descriptive study. An investigator-developed survey explored multifocal, holistic impacts of COVID-19. Results A total of 886 participants were provided the survey, with 796 (90%) completing the entire survey. Respondents indicated adverse impacts across personal, clinical, educational, and research foci. Among the most alarming findings, 34% indicated moderate or extreme concern for feeling professionally burned out, 25% feeling nervous or anxious, and 15% feeling depressed or hopeless. Discussion The pediatricAPRN workforce pipeline is at significant risk for provider burnout and compromised mental health. Acknowledgment of pandemic-related trauma on families, children and APRNs is essential. Sustained intentional efforts to cultivate holistic wellness are critically emergent.

Introduction To explore and understand the relationship between sexting behavior and adolescent mental health and well-being. Method A constructivist grounded theory study was conducted. Seventeen 18–22-year-old participants provided recollective and reflective accounts of sexting experiences throughout their adolescence. Results Engaging in the Culture of Teen Sexting materialized as the central process and title for the grounded theory that emerged. Six primary processes included Engaging in the Culture of Teen Sexting, Identifying Motivating Factors, Forming Perceptions and Feelings, Acknowledging and Managing Risks, Connecting Mental Health and Sexting, and Finding a Sexual Self. Discussion The findings suggested sexting is part of teen culture and normal adolescent sexual growth and development. Acknowledging sexting as a culture and normal part of sexual growth and development will assist pediatric nurse practitioners in engaging teens in conversations about sexting, helping them to navigate the risks of sexting and find healthy ways to manage sexting behavior.

This study aims to investigate the toxic effects of metals, which dental technicians are exposed to, on the oral mucosa cells in dental prosthesis laboratories (DPL). To monitor cytotoxic effects, mutations of pyknosis, Karyolysis Karyorrhexis, binucleus, micronucleus, and broken-egg were evaluated. Experimental group comprised of a total of 30 volunteer DPL employees from various DPLs, and 30 teachers and office workers were volunteered to be a part of the control group. Age range of DPL employees and whether they consume alcohol or smoke cigarettes were also considered as sub-variables. Peripheral smear technique was applied by taking samples from the oral mucosa of the experimental group and the control group. Anomalies determined between technicians and control group were statistically significant (p

The flight attendant profession is dominated by women, which may lead to the notion that this profession is one of the few in which women are not experiencing gender discrimination. However, research findings have shown that over time, feminization leads to a decline in status and remuneration, and thus must be understood and monitored because it may be camouflaging the continuous reality of gender inequity. This paper revisits the issue of gender stereotypes in flight attendants given new views of what makes for effective flight attendance. The work of flight attendants has been long regarded as ‘women’s work’, focusing on performing a commercialized version of the caring and service activities carried out for centuries in the domestication of women. Some images of female cabin crew in the past have included: nurse, mother, and sexual objects. Though major changes have occurred in the Western airline industry in the 1970s, Asian airlines, however, still enforce such restrictions as height, weight, age, and beauty on their female cabin crew members. Three Indonesian flight attendants from major Asian airlines were interviewed to analyze their perceptions of their profession and how they think Indonesia society views them. A survey was also conducted on 100 Indonesians to analyze their perception on the identity of flight attendants. Interview results show that while, flight attendants believe that Indonesian society still cling on to the old images of flight attendants as air hostesses who are often regarded as sex objects, whereas survey results actually show that this image has changed.

Background: Physical therapy is very well known for its vital role in health promotion, treating, and preventing a wide spectrum of health disorders. It is considered an indispensable part of the recovery of patients with musculoskeletal disorders and is regarded as an important field of medicine in the health sector. Objective: The purpose of this study was to find how effective patients of musculoskeletal disorders found physical therapy in their journey of recovery and their Awareness and Perception about Physiotherapy Method: Online cross-sectional survey developed by the authors was conducted using Google Forms. A total of 26 questions excluding questions regarding general demographics of patients, were designed in this web-based survey. Non-probability purposive sampling method was used. The survey was distributed via emails/WhatsApp to 260 adult patients residing in Delhi NCR, who approached physiotherapy for musculoskeletal conditions. Based on the responses, percentage analysis was done. Result and Conclusion: Out of 260 only 231 patients responded (male = 126 female = 105) between age group 20 to 92 residing in Delhi and NCR. Majority of the patients found physiotherapy an effective treatment option and were satisfied with their overall physiotherapy experience. Yet a large number of patients couldn’t identify the role of physiotherapy in health sector. People of Delhi-NCR still lack awareness about the various specializations in Physiotherapy and many patients were unable to identify the role of a physiotherapist and confused them with other healthcare professionals like Massage Therapists, Chiropractors and Acupuncturist. Key words: Awareness, Effective, Musculoskeletal, Perception, Physical therapy, Treatment.

Professional, legal and ethical guidelines and rules guide the duties and responsibilities of dentists in relation to patientcare, including the fabrication of removable partial dentures with cast clasp retained metal framework. The aim of ourstudy was to assess the extent to which dentists follow these standards in the daily practice. Data were collected usinga questionnaire and the responses of 88 dentists were analyzed. Based on our results, about half (54.5%) of the participatingdentists send a precise denture design to the laboratory to be used in the preparation of a metal framework, 88.5%specify the abutment teeth, 65.9% choose the type of the clasps and 55.8% gives instructions for the major connectors.A small percentage of dentist provide information to the lab in drawing (8.1%), it is more common to send textual instructions(33.7%) and most dentists (58.2%) send drawings and written instructions together. Most of the dentists considerperiodontal hygiene aspects (81.8%) and almost half of them (42.5%) consider that they send clear, precise instructionsto the lab. A slightly higher proportion (50.5%) gives guidance but leaves more details to be decided by the dentaltechnician and only 8% provide very little guidance and leaves most of the details to the dental technician. Dentistsmostly (96.2%) use silicone impression material for the definitive impression to make the metal framework, only a few ofthem mentioned alginate. Dentists are largely willing to take responsibility in the event of an error and believe that planningtogether with the dental technician is important. To ensure that based on the patient-related information dentistsalways, or at least more often design the removable partial dentures with metal framework, the theoretical and practicalknowledge needs to be broadened during university education and in continuing education courses.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) can be considered at an increased risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) due to repetitive hand washing with soaps and disinfectants and extended use of gloves for many hours during the day. The aim of this study was to summarize the incidence of OCD in HCWs. We searched the databases PubMed/Medline (1980-present), EMBASE (1980-present) and Cochrane Library (1992-present) through May 2020 using the search term "incidence of contact dermatitis in healthcare workers" according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Overall, 16 studies (six cohort; 10 register-based) with follow-up periods between 1987-2013 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The incidence of OCD reported in studies using registers of occupational diseases ranged from 0.6 to 6.7 per 10,000 person-years. The cohort studies reported incidence from 15.9 to 780.0 per 10,000 person-years; the incidence was higher in studies which included apprentice nurses. A higher incidence was also observed amongst dental practitioners, particularly dental technicians and nurses, compared to other HCWs. Studies reporting incidence data are very scarce and results differed by study design, type of contact dermatitis, and investigated HCWs. Our study highlighted the dearth of high-quality data on the incidence of OCD and the possible underestimation of disease burden. Prospective cohort studies with harmonized designs, especially exposure assessment and outcome ascertainment, are required to provide more accurate, valid, and recent estimates of the incidence of OCD. A high incidence amongst specific occupational groups suggests the need to undertake intervention studies with a focus on prevention, particularly during pandemics such as COVID-19.

Purpose of the article: Acrylate and methacrylate (MA) use in the dental industry is widespread, being utilized in dental prostheses and composite resins, dentin bonding materials, and glass ionomers. However, occupational methacrylate allergy in dental personnel is a growing phenomenon. The aims of this retrospective observational study are to evaluate the risk of occupational contact dermatitis following exposure to methacrylates in dental personnel and to identify possible preventive measures. Materials and Methods: A total of 126 subjects exposed to acrylic and methacrylic resins in their professional context and who reported clinical manifestations were included from our outpatient department database. These were subdivided into two groups: 81 dental technicians and 45 dental hygienists. All the subjects had undergone patch testing with a “methacrylate series” (FIRMA) and readings were taken after 2 days (D2), 4 days (D4), and 7 days (D7). Results: A significantly higher incidence of methacrylate allergy was found in the dental technician group compared to the dental hygienists. Among the dental technicians, 40.7% of the subjects presented skin manifestations. The hands were the most frequently affected sites. Conclusion: Our results confirm the high sensitizing potential of MA in the workplace for dental personnel and in particular an increased professional risk in work where the hands are directly involved (dental technicians). Patch testing as an integrated part of a screening tray is needed for a complete evaluation of occupational skin allergy due to MA in dental personnel. The adoption of proper primary preventive measures, including gloves, protective eyewear, face shields, and disposable gowns, can be useful in preventing new cases of contact dermatitis, which may lead to a change of occupation in dental personnel.

The purpose of this study was to determine the policy instruments used by the Surabaya City Government to move street vendors to Bulak Fish Center. The background is because not all street vendors are ready to occupy the Bulak Fish Center. This study uses Howleet and Ramesh's theory to categorize policy instruments into three groups: Voluntary, Combined, and Compulsory Instruments. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with in-depth interviews. The research results reveal that the Surabaya City Government uses only five types of policy instruments. First, families and communities provide information to the community about the relocation of street vendors to Bulak Fish Center. Second, policies provide space to interact with street vendors, community leaders, and religious groups. Third, the policy of providing information and advice to all Surabaya local governments to keep Bulak Fish Center alive for a month. Fourth, the policy prohibiting selling in the old location. Fifth, the policy is to provide cleaning staff and transport vehicles directly to roadside vendors. However, 50 percent of the street vendors are still willing to occupy the Bulak Fish Center. Thus, the policy tools used by the Surabaya City Government have not been optimal, so that it has become a factor in the failure of roadside trade relocation operations.

Background:In June 2018, the Ministry of Health received notification from 2 hospitals about 2 patients who presented with overwhelming Enterobacter kobei sepsis that developed within 24 hours after a dental procedure. We describe the investigation of this outbreak.Methods:The epidemiologic investigation included site visits in 2 dental clinics and interviews with all involved healthcare workers. Chart reviews were conducted for case and control subjects. Samples were taken from medications and antiseptics, environmental surfaces, dental water systems, and from the involved healthcare professionals. Isolate similarity was assessed using repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR).Results:The 2 procedures were conducted in different dental clinics by different surgeons and dental technicians. A single anesthesiologist administered the systemic anesthetic in both cases. Cultures from medications, fluids and healthcare workers’ hands were negative, but E. kobei was detected from the anesthesiologist’s portable medication cart. The 2 human isolates and the environmental isolate shared the same REP-PCR fingerprinting profile. None of the 21 patients treated by the anesthesiologist in a general hospital during the same period, using the hospital’s medications, developed infection following surgery.Conclusions:An outbreak of post–dental-procedure sepsis was linked to a contaminated medication cart, emphasizing the importance of medication storage standards and strict aseptic technique when preparing intravenous drugs during anesthesia. Immediate reporting of sepsis following these outpatient procedures enabled early identification and termination of the outbreak.

The purpose of this study is to identify the potential for educational tourism, training facility and business prospects that can be developed by street vendors in Tulungagung Regency, analyze the obstacles faced by each street vendor area, determine the potential for educational tourism and business prospects for street vendors in each area in Tulungagung district. The research location is in 5 street vendors in Tulungagung district. This type of research is descriptive, namely in-depth analysis of the data that has been collected. The results showed that the street vendors’s Redjoagung Business Area have the potential to be developed and have prospects because they are strategically located on the side of the provincial road in the Stadium area and the Sports Building so that it is possible to become a Rest Area. PKL Pujasera Ngemplak has potential and prospects for development because it is close to traditional markets, fruit markets and chicken markets, so that day and night there are many buyers and training facilities. PKL Kali Ngrowo Water Front area has the potential to be developed and has prospects because it is in a river tourism area which is currently the focus of educational tourism development by the local government of Tulungagung district. The street vendors’s Pasar Senggol area have the potential to be developed and have prospects because they have a unique culinary center for food in the past, strategically located, becoming the destination for visitors who exercise in the morning. The street vendors’s Popoh Beach area have the potential to be developed and have prospects along with the improvement of Popoh Beach tourism facilities, moreover, the government's attention is quite big on the development of tourist areas and currently the Southern Cross Route is being built.

Objectives We examined the association between travellers’ characteristics, compliance with pre-travel recommendations and health problems. Methods Volunteer travellers were enrolled and data collected using a questionnaire between 30–60 days after returning home. We analyzed the associations through bivariate and multivariate models. Results Of the 468 enrolled travelers, 68% consumed raw food and 81% food containing milk and/or eggs. 32% consumed street vendor food and 30% drinks containing ice. 24% used the recommended mechanical prophylaxis measures. 46% got sick during and/or after travel (gastrointestinal symptoms most frequently). Factors predisposing to health problems were female gender, youth/middle age, intermediate travel duration and profession. The American continent and staying in hostels and tents were significantly associated with febrile illness. Street vendor food was significantly associated with skin reactions. Conclusions Adherence to behavioral recommendations remains low. Travellers must be informed of health risks during and after travel.

We present a principled technique for reducing the lattice and matrix size in some applications of Coppersmith's lattice method for finding roots of modular polynomial equations. Motivated by ideas from machine learning, it relies on extrapolating patterns from the actual behavior of Coppersmith's attack for smaller parameter sizes, which can be thought of as "focus group" testing. When applied to the small-exponent RSA problem, our technique reduces lattice dimensions and consequently running times, and hence can be applied to a wider range of exponents. Moreover, in many difficult examples our attack is not only faster but also more successful in recovering the RSA secret key. We include a discussion of subtleties concerning whether or not existing metrics (such as enabling condition bounds) are decisive in predicting the true efficacy of attacks based on Coppersmith's method. Finally, indications are given which suggest certain lattice basis reduction algorithms (such as Nguyen-Stehl\'e's L2) may be particularly well-suited for Coppersmith's method., Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures

The quality of higher education is one of the leading issues. Teaching and learning are two interrelated and interdependent aspects of learning. The training in the conditions of the higher medical school is an organized and purposeful process. The purpose of the training in the specialty "Dental Technician" is for students to master the basic practical activities that require independence and result from the diverse work in the independent medical and technical laboratory of dental technicians. The teacher is a key figure and a person responsible for achieving the goals of training in the specialty. Our goal is to establish the professional status and make a demographic description of teachers in the specialty " Dental Technician " (with a degree in the specialty) who teach in medical colleges in the country. To achieve this goal we used the following methods: sociological method-survey, we studied literature sources and regulations for training in the specialty "Dental Technician". The questionnaire is self-developed. Descriptive and graphical analysis was used to present the results. Men predominate among the teachers in the specialty in Bulgaria, and in general the teachers are a relatively aging group, with a long teaching experience and good pedagogical experience, which correlates with their age. Most of the people teaching in the specialty work under an employment contract with the educational institutions. We found that they maintain their qualifications by regularly attending postgraduate courses.

With the advancement of medicine and the development of new technologies, more and more manufacturing companies consult dental specialists about their opinion on certain techniques, materials and devices in order to improve and refine them. The purpose of this article is to compare and study the opinion of dentists and dental technicians on the treatment with fixed restorations of zirconium dioxide, made using a conventional and digital impression technique. Materials and methods: Using anonymous questionnaires of 20 questions, the opinion of 72 dentists and 53 dental technicians was documented regarding the clinical and laboratory wrokflow protocol and the final result in the treatment with fixed partial dentures made of zirconium dioxide. Results: The majority of dentists treat a distally limited defect with a small number of mising teeth with a fixed partial dentures (86.1%). The most commonly used are porcelain-fused to metal with a non-precious alloy framework (83% for dental technicians and 93.1% of dentists, respectively), followed by zirconium dioxide structures (39.60% for dental technicians and 37.50% for dentists, respectively). Conclusion: The main way in which dentists and dental technicians treat distally limited defects of the dentition is through fixed porcelain-fused to metal restorations. Most dental professionals use a two-stage two-layer impression technique with addition silicones and standard metal impression trays.

In 1577, a petty pawnbroker named Ester lost a clasp belonging to a Prague noblewoman, Lady Juliana the Fifth. Having been traded repeatedly between anonymous pawnbrokers, the clasp was eventually tracked down in the Polish city of Poznań, by which time Ester had already fled Prague and taken refuge in Cracow. In this essay, I use the subsequent criminal court case to explore this illuminating episode in the history of the city's Jewish Quarter. Taking place in the late Renaissance, during what has often been referred to as the Jewish “Golden Age,” I argue that this dramatic event provides access to the realities of an era often characterized as harmonious. I position pawnbroking as an industry that invited intimate and regular cross-confessional contact, and one that therefore offers up new opportunities to consider the nature of coexistence. By following the movement of both Ester and the pawned clasp from Prague to Poland, I also show how attention to pawnbroking can illuminate a constellation of transregional connections that stretched from Bohemia to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to its east, revealing the otherwise unrecorded ways in which Prague's Jews were connected to the Ashkenazi diaspora.

PurposeThis cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the compliance of hygienic and technical standards of street food vendors in Slovenia with the requirements of the general hygienic food principals set in the Codex Alimentarius and Regulation (EC) No. 852/2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs.Design/methodology/approachFood vendors were observed directly and discretely using a semi-structured observation sheet that allowed fast evaluation. The employee's behaviour was not affected during the observations because they were not aware of being observed. Each observation lasted approximately 30 min. Food vendors were divided into groups according to their location, type of facility, number of employees and type of food sold.FindingsDepending on the type of street vendor, more inconsistencies were found amongst food stands compared to food trucks and kiosks. Most food trucks and kiosks scored very high in both personal and hygienic-technical standards. Some of the major inconsistencies were lack of suitably located washbasins, improper hand-washing technique, improper waste management, working surfaces that were inadequately separated from consumers, and inconsistent maintenance of the cold chain. Food handlers have been confirmed as a critical risk factor.Research limitations/implicationsDespite methodology validation, the data was collected by a single observer, limiting the ability to obtain a more reliable estimate of the observations. The sample was disproportionate according to the type of street food facilities.Practical implicationsThe results provide a basis for (1) national professional guidelines of good hygiene practices for food business operators, which should cover street food vendors more extensively in future updates, and (2) the development of food safety training programmes tailored for street vendors.Originality/valueThe study provides valuable insights into current hygienic-technical conditions of the street food vending sector.

Purpose: This study investigated the use of digital technology in maxillofacial prosthetics among practitioners involved in maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation in Japan. Materials and Methods: A self-administered survey questionnaire with 24 closed-ended and multiple choice questions was used. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed at the 32nd meeting of the Japanese Academy of Maxillofacial Prosthetics that was held in Tokyo, Japan in June 2015. The survey questionnaire was distributed in a pack that included an introduction letter explaining the research aims, objectives, and informed consent. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods and reported as frequency and range. Results: In total, 105 respondents (77 men (73.4%), 28 women (26.6%); median age, 40 years; age range 21-66 years) completed the questionnaire (response rate, 35%). The majority of respondents were dentists (75.2%), followed by dental technicians (21.9%). The median duration of work experience for the respondents in their specialty was 14 years, and 97% of respondents had interested and adopted digital technologies in maxillofacial prosthetics. Digital technologies were used significantly in patient and practice management, diagnostic, and patient’s defect visualization (p < 0.001) but insignificant in treatment planning (p = 0.917). In contrast, there were significant increases in non-use of digital technologies in prosthesis design, prosthesis manufacturing, and patient and prosthesis evaluation (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Japanese dental practitioners are interested and willing to use digital technology in maxillofacial prosthetics. Most respondents use some or a substantial number of digital technologies in clinical practice. (Int J Maxillofac Prosthetics 2021;4:25-36)

Dental technicians who regularly receive poor quality impressions and records are often faced with professional and ethical concerns as to how to handle the situation. They may choose to complete the task to the best of their abilities. Other options are to alter the casts to try to improve the situation and then complete the prescription, contact the dentist and discuss the issue, contactthe patient, contact the medical aid, report the practitioner to the HPCSA, or refuse to do the work. Their latter actions have potentially negative implications for them, and will certainly sour working relationships. At worst, they may lose the dentist’s support. This paper explores ways in which dentists and techniciains can foster collegial and mutually beneficial relationships from early on in their careers. This will not only promote better communication, and improve the quality of work produced by them, but it will also serve the best interests of their patients and the profession as a whole.

The effective practising of dentistry requires that dentists and dental technicians work hand in hand, having mutual respect for each other, while maintaining the highest standards in each of their respective disciplines. From a limited survey of dentists and dental technicians it seems that a small portion of our profession have misinterpreted the concept of “hand in hand” to be one of gross perverse incentives, corruption, collusion and dishonesty. This article may come as a shock to some and a revelation of what is known to be true to others. The issues discussed have generally been kept as “Dental family secrets”, however, the authors believe that these practices need to be uncovered if we want to put an end to this behaviour.