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Release from professional football (soccer) academies in the UK can result in experiences of psychological distress for the transitioning individual (i.e., the player) and their support network (e.g., family members). Despite the commonality of such transitions and their potential negative effects, it is surprising that practice insights on supporting the transition out of professional football academies are sparse. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to draw on case material to highlight approaches and challenges for sport psychologists supporting a range of clients during transitions out of an academy football club. In closing, we offer key recommendations for stakeholders and those delivering support in practice settings when seeking to support similar transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

COACHES AND PLAYERS ARE CURRENTLY FACING CHALLENGES IN IMPROVING OFF-BALL PERFORMANCE AND INTRODUCING NEW ELEMENTS TO THIS ASPECT. IN ORDER TO SCHEDULE MATCHES EFFECTIVELY, IT IS CRUCIAL THAT THE PLAYERS ARE WELL PREPARED TECHNICALLY AND TACTICALLY. TRAINING SOCCER PLAYERS FOCUSES ON CULTIVATING A PERSONALIZED WAY OF PLAYING, ADJUSTED TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF EACH PLAYER, AND INCORPORATING IT INTO AN AUTHENTIC GAME SYSTEM, THUS REFLECTING MODERN ATHLETE TRAINING TECHNIQUES. CLOSE COOPERATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS IS CRUCIAL TO MAINTAIN A CONTINUOUS FLOW OF EFFICIENCY, AS THEY ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO THE TEAM. TO ACHIEVE THIS GOAL, IT IS NECESSARY THAT ALL ACTIONS ARE FOCUSED ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTER. BY APPLYING THIS TACTIC, EACH TEAM CAN MAKE THE CENTER OF THE PITCH A SOLID FOOTHOLD FROM WHICH TO TAKE CONTROL OF THE GAME AT ANY MOMENT. ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLE OF TEAMWORK, A TEAM MEMBER SHOULD BE INVOLVED NOT ONLY IN CATCHING THE BALL, BUT ALSO IN ANTICIPATING HOW IT WILL BE USED EFFECTIVELY BEFORE IT IS CAUGHT. IN ADDITION, HE MUST KNOW THAT THERE IS A POSSIBILITY THAT HE WILL ALSO LOSE POSSESSION OF THE BALL. AS A RESULT, TEAM MEMBERS SHOULD KEEP POSSESSION OF THE BALL FOR AS LITTLE TIME AS POSSIBLE AND MAKE QUICK PASSES. ALSO, A QUALITY FOOTBALLER IS ALWAYS READY TO RECOVER THE BALL AND EVEN IF HE FAILS, HE CAUSES PROBLEMS FOR THE OPPONENT WITH BAD PASSES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cricket is the sports of the day. Almost all age groups have their association with cricket. Nowadays time is a constraint and people have thrust to earn more money in less time. To attract more people, ICC decided in 2005 to reduce number of overs and time with new exciting rules for cricket matches. To model players' performance with multidimensional factors statistical techniques are found to be so useful and predictable. Present study aims to quantify the worth of bowler, batter and fielder in T-20. Study develops a performance index for performance measurement. The tuned index will help the team selectors to compare performance of players. The technique will help in identifying the best performance and player's induction for coming events. From seven cricket squads a sample of 12 players satisfying the set criteria, is taken from Bangladesh premier league(BPL) 2013-16 and T-20 world cup (WC) 2014-16. Data regarding selected variables are obtained from entertainment and sports programming network (ESPN), the single sport world's leading cricket website. For measurement, each player was observed for a certain skill and the level of skill it has, derived index is ranged from zero to one. High index score reveals a high performance. Shakib Ul Hasan comes up with highest index and is declared as the best player with highest score for both BPL T-20 and WC T-20. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online gaming creates unique public spaces of interaction. These spaces are both highly controlled but also able to slip through the regulatory net, as domestic legislation struggles to respond to fast-changing interjurisdictional environments. Inter- and transdisciplinary research hold potential to respond to questions surrounding the regulation of these online spaces, by exploring multiple perspectives. The authors of this paper each come from a unique starting point in their exploration of these issues. The paper will examine three spaces of regulation in online game world environments. It will look at (1) rules and regulations that governs online interaction in virtual spaces, (2) the 'code' that controls behaviour through game architecture, and (3) the laws that are developed by players inside the game world. The first part will analyse whether domestic law can be adequate to regulate a space that is not geographically fixed. The second will discuss how the coding of the game and its architecture regulate behaviours within the space. The last is a "bottom-up" regulatory system, originating within the gaming community. Where do these three layers of regulation interact with each other? What are the unique languages of these spaces? This paper is a starting point for further investigation into the regulation of online behaviours through interwoven rule systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many coaches encounter athletes and/or staff members with mental health concerns. Recognizing and referring individuals to support resources is vital for providing necessary assistance. Awareness and recognition of mental health issues enable coaches to create an inclusive and supportive environment where everyone can perform their best. This article examines the experiences of participants in U.S. Soccer's Coaching License Courses to understand the frequency they have experienced supporting athletes or staff with mental health challenges and their exposure, interest, perceived value to training in mental health awareness. This observational, cross-sectional study involved a survey following a free mental health awareness presentation. The results of this study showed: (a) a high prevalence of participants have supported athletes or staff in their environment with challenges related to their mental health (82.19 %); (b) a majority of participants had no previous training in recognition or management of mental health related issues (56.65 %); (c) a majority of participants worked with youth athletes (60.16 %); and (d) nearly all participants felt that there was value in having training in mental health for their role as a coach or administrator (98.71 %). In conclusion, coaches and administrators in soccer desire more mental health awareness training. The prevalence to which they have supported individuals with mental health challenges emphasizes the continued need for training and access to mental health resources. Additionally, incorporating training and awareness into all coaching license levels should be prioritized, making it a requirement to comprehensively support athletes and staff both on and off the field.

This study aims to examine sports injuries among amateur badminton players engaged in recreational activities, establishing a foundation for developing effective injury prevention and training programs. We assessed 504 amateur badminton players (302 males, 202 females) competing in the 2023 National Badminton Tournament in South Korea. This study focused on players involved in doubles matches, omitting singles competitors. Participants were divided into categories based on competitive and training sessions to document the location and type of injuries sustained. During competitions, the most frequently injured body parts were the waist (11.92%), ankle (11.66%), and knees and shoulders (11.53% each). In training sessions, injuries primarily affected the back and knees (12.43%) and shoulders (12.21%). The most common types of injuries during competitions were to muscles (35.60%), ligaments (29.32%), and tendons (12.04%), and during training to muscles (39.91%), ligaments (26.68%), and tendons (13.23%). Injuries resulting from player-to-player contact represented 19.44% of cases, while those involving non-player elements such as facility equipment accounted for 16.47%. There is a critical need to develop targeted injury prevention programs for amateur badminton players to mitigate injuries and enhance performance, thereby helping prevent the progression to chronic injury stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oblique strains have become a common injury among professional baseball players. The influence of player workload on oblique strains remains unknown. Purpose/Hypothesis: To determine whether workload is a risk factor for oblique strains in professional baseball players. We hypothesized that fewer days of rest, more innings pitched/fielded per game, and more batters faced/plate appearances per game would significantly increase a player's risk of sustaining an oblique strain. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All professional baseball players who sustained an oblique strain between 2011 and 2017 were identified using the Major League Baseball Health and Injury Tracking System. A separate dataset of player usage—days of rest per game, innings pitched or fielded per game, and batters faced or plate appearances per game—was used to determine the workload. We compared these usage variables between player games ≤2, ≤6, ≤12, and >12 weeks before a documented oblique strain with player games from a control group of players with no oblique strains. In a paired analysis, we compared acute (player games ≤2, ≤6, and ≤12 weeks preinjury) versus chronic (player games >12 weeks preinjury) workloads. Results: There were 311 oblique strains in pitchers and 392 oblique strains in position players during the study period. In pitchers, more innings pitched and more batters faced were associated with a subsequent oblique strain (P <.001 for all). In position players, fewer days of rest, more innings fielded, and more plate appearances were associated with a subsequent oblique strain (P <.001 for all). Pitchers who pitched ≥7 innings per game had a 2.4-fold (95% CI, 1.4-4.9) increased risk of subsequent oblique strain compared with those who pitched 1 inning per game. The percentage of position players with a subsequent oblique strain increased by 2.1-fold (95% CI, 1.3-3.5) with >4 plate appearances compared with 1 plate appearance per game. Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrated that workload was associated with an increased risk of sustaining an oblique injury in professional baseball players. High workload over time was more predictive of oblique strains compared to acute increases over chronic baseline workload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing interest in applying gamified designs in higher education is challenged by mixed results in terms of student acceptance. Different players are attracted to games for different reasons and game design elements, and a better understanding of how each learner will connect to different game mechanics provides valuable input for game design and evaluation. In this paper, we present and validate a scale to measure the affinity of each player with different game elements. First, a theoretical review was carried out on three profile classifications and six motivational theoretical models, proposing a taxonomy for twelve player profiles based on three axes: relational, competence and motivational. Then, a pilot test was carried out with 54 subjects, analysing content and comprehension validity through the judgment of six experts and construct validity through an exploratory factorial analysis. Subsequently, with a sample of 1010 subjects, a confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The scale was made up of 30 items, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.822; three main components were obtained: dominators, interactors and trackers. The results show the validity of the scale, with high levels of confidence. It provides an understanding of the player's profile in a playful context, their motivational orientation and their affinity with the specific game design. This can be used to improve the design of gamified experiences in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Escena: Revista de las Artes is the property of ESCENA. Revista de las Artes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In football matches, there are often beatings (mistreatment) committed by players against referees. This study aims to analyze the mistreatment of players against referees in football matches, which can be categorized as criminal acts, and analyze actions that can be taken by the police and PSSI against mistreatment or fights between players in football matches. This research uses the sociological-judical approach. The results showed that the actions of the players who mistreated the referee met the elements of the criminal act of persecution as stipulated in Article 351, Paragraph 1, of the Criminal Code. Second, the actions of the police in the case are: a. conduct an investigation by summoning the two players who clashed on the field; b. dismiss the case on the grounds that it is submitted to the PSSI's internal decision; while the PSSI in this case only imposed sanctions with a ban from competing for the next two matches and a fine. Abstrak Dalam pertandingan sepak bola sering kali terjadi pemukulan (penganiayaan yang dilakukan oleh pemain terhadap wasit). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbuatan penganiayaan pemain terhadap wasit dalam pertandingan sepak bola tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai tindak pidana, dan menganalisis tindakan yang dapat dilakukan oleh pihak kepolisian dan PSSI terhadap penganiayaan atau perkelahian antar pemain dalam pertandingan sepak bola. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis sosiologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perbuatan para pemain yang melakukan penganiayaan kepada wasit memenuhi unsur tindak pidana penganiayaan sebagaimana diatur dalam pasal 351 ayat (1) KUHP. Kedua, bahwa tindakan pihak kepolisian dalam kasus tersebut adalah: a. Melakukan penyidikan dengan memanggil kedua pemain yang bentrok di lapangan; b. Menghentikan perkara tersebut, dengan alasan diserahkan kepada putusan internal PSSI; sedangkan PSSI dalam kasus tersebut, hanya menjatuhkan sanksi beruapa larangan bertanding selama 2 pertandingan berikutnya, ditambah denda.

Though animal ethics in sport obviously applies most urgently to cases of animals at mortal risk (e.g., hunting and bullfighting) or vulnerable to various types of abuse (e.g., doping and harmful training practices), less obvious domains bear scrutiny as well. Here I examine whether we can strictly take not just riders but horses to be players in equine sports. There is an apparent tension in the concept of equestrian prowess, a peculiar blend of skills and attitudes, between regarding horses as subjects of persuasion or collaboration and treating them as objects of control. As our understanding of animal cognition and behaviour continues to improve, it becomes increasingly clear that animal intelligence and agential capacities are far greater than we formerly presumed. In this light, using Suits's theory of games, I argue that horses are game players that sometimes consent (or assent) and sometimes refuse to play equine sports. Drawing on recent accounts of horse-rider partnership and on my own equestrian background, I conclude by sketching a utopian vision of what equine sports could be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analysis the birth date distributions of the champion players between the years 1930-2022 to determine whether the FIFA World Cup champion national team football players between the years 1930-2022 were affected by the "Relative Age Effect" phenomenon. The universe of the research consisted of the national teams that were champions in the 1930-2022 FIFA World Cup Finals. The samples consisted of the football player group of the national teams that won the championship. The model of the research was determined as "Basic Qualitative Research". The data collection technique in the research was determined as "Document Analysis". The data analysis was made according to the Miles & Huberman model, which is a descriptive analysis form. In the study, the information of the athletes was detailed by looking at the squad structure for the FIFA World Cup champion national team football players between the years 1930-2022. In the highest level of professional football, it has been seen that the champion national team football players are numerically close to each other in terms of "relative age effect". As a result, it has been observed that the relative age effect in senior football decreases with increasing age. It was shown that the relative age effect in professional elite national teams changed negatively due to the high number of football players born in the second half of the year. In this case, it was not a negative situation for football players who transition to professionalism and reach the elite level, being born in the last months of the year. Looking at the intercontinental comparison, even considering the different football culture and structure, it has been revealed that late-born athletes have caught up with their peers at a professional level and even left them behind.

AbstractThis study had a twofold purpose: (a) to create an Arabic version of the Coaches-Athletes Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) and (b) to assess its psychometric qualities in the context of Tunisia, as well as its sensitivity in other sports populations. The researchers conducted an online survey of 594 amateur athletes from different sports clubs in Tunisia. For the exploratory factor analysis, 157 athletes aged 22.72 ± 3.78 years were randomly selected, while confirmatory data were collected from 482 athletes aged 22.74 ± 7.63. The study found a three-factor structure through principal component and confirmatory factor analyses. CFA fit indices showed acceptable results for both second-order and first-order. The scale had excellent internal consistency for all three factors and total score, but only partially established sensitivity for the complementarity dimension. Gender and type of sport showed significant differences for the complementarity dimension. Cronbach’s Alpha, McDonald’s ω, and Guttmann’s λ6 coefficients were all high at 0.88, 0.89, and 0.94, respectively. Overall, the results suggest ACART-Q is a valid instrument for assessing the coach/athlete relationship in the Tunisian context. The study provided valuable insights into its psychometric qualities and the questionnaire could be used by coaches, researchers, and athletes to improve their relationships and performance.

Настоящая статья посвящена рассмотрению коммуникативного типажа «игрок» в различных языковых картинах мира через понятийную составляющую. Основной целью исследования является описание и сравнение понятийных характеристик данного типажа в русскоязычной и англоязычной картинах мира. В рамках данной работы рассматриваются ключевые идеи теорий лингвокультурных и коммуникативных типажей, основывающихся на понятиях языковой картины мира и языковой личности. Таким образом, в качестве теоретической базы исследования были использованы работы И.В. Карасика, О.А. Дмитриевой, Н.Н. Панченко, В.А. Масловой, Б.А. Серебренникова и других ученых. В целях отражения современной степени разработанности темы исследования были использованы работы А.Н. Ефимовой, Е.Ю. Кисляковой, Е.В. Первухиной и др. В качестве основного материала исследования были выбраны русскоязычное понятие «игрок» и смежное с ним англоязычное понятие “player”. При их изучении был проведен анализ словарных дефиниций и составлены соответствующие лексико-семантические поля. Последующее сравнение лексико-семантических полей показало, что восприятие понятия игрока может быть неоднозначным в зависимости от языковой картины мира носителя. Исходя из полученных результатов, можно сделать вывод, что различия в языковых картинах мира носителей могут оказывать определенное влияние на конечное восприятие коммуникативного типажа. Полученные в ходе исследования результаты могут быть использованы при дальнейшем изучении коммуникативного типажа «игрок» с применением методик концептуального и когнитивно-дискурсивного анализа.

Copyright of Journal of Sport & Health Research is the property of Journal of Sport & Health Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Athletes use postexercise hydrotherapy strategies to improve recovery and competition performance and to enhance adaptative responses to training. Using a randomized cross-over design, the acute effects of 3 postresistance exercise water immersion strategies on perceived recovery, neuromuscular performance, and hormone concentrations in junior international and subelite male volleyball athletes (n = 18) were investigated. After resistance exercise, subjects randomly completed either 15-minute passive control (CON), contrast water therapy (CWT), cold (CWI), or hot water immersion (HWI) interventions. A treatment effect occurred after HWI; reducing perceptions of fatigue (HWI > CWT: p = 0.05, g = 0.43); improved sleep quality, compared with CON (p < 0.001, g = 1.15), CWI (p = 0.017, g = 0.70), and CWT (p 5 0.018, g 5 0.51); as well as increasing testosterone concentration (HWI > CWT: p = 0.038, g = 0.24). There were trivial to small (p < 0.001-0.039, g = 0.02-0.34) improvements (treatment effect) in jump performance (i.e., squat jump and counter- movement jump) after all water immersion strategies, as compared with CON, with high variability in the individual responses. There were no significant differences (interaction effect, p > 0.05) observed between the water immersion intervention strategies and CON in performance (p = 0.153-0.99), hormone (p = 0.207-0.938), nor perceptual (p = 0.368-0.955) measures. To optimize recovery and performance responses, e.g., during an in-season competition phase, postresistance exercise HWI may assist with providing small-to-large improvements for up to 38 hours in perceived recovery (i.e., increased sleep quality and reduced fatigue) and increases in circulating testosterone concentration. Practitioners should consider individual athlete neuromuscular performance responses when prescribing postexercise hydrotherapy. These findings apply to athletes who aim to improve their recovery status, where postresistance exercise HWI optimizes sleep quality and next-day perceptions of fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The game is understood as a complex phenomenon in which the player's action is characterized by its ethical nature, as it expresses subjectivity and aims for the good life (in the case of game, pleasure and victory). Thus, the ethical nature of the player's action is forged in a gaming environment where unpredictability, dynamics, and new organizations are present. Therefore, part of the player's role is to understand the environment in which they find themselves, that is, to understand how the organizations of the game are produced. Similarly, Albert Camus' concept of "absurdism", created by the French-Algerian philosopher, resembles this requirement to understand the environment in which one lives by exalting awareness. Consequently, according to Camus, the only possible movement after becoming aware of the absurdism is revolt, an action based on the expression of the individual, aiming for justice, collectivity and unity, within limits that must not be exceeded. Hence, the possibility of understanding the player as a man in revolt in the game, seeking, given the identification of the environment in which they find themselves, the success of their team through their actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this article is to analyze students’ preferences and motivations regarding video games and present ideas and opportunities to improve education. Design/methodology/approach: The author conveyed a survey among students from the Silesian University of Technology and compared the results with data from more than 1.25 million gamers from all over the world. Findings: Most students are very interested in virtual games and it presents the possibility to increase engagement in classes. Research limitations/implications: Better results would be achieved if students from more faculties participated in the survey. Practical implications: The author hopes that this article will inspire lecturers to use presented class ideas and come up with more creative and interactive tasks during lectures to better connect with the new generation of gamers and to make classes more engaging and educating. Social implications: The author hopes that society will see the impact and usefulness that virtual games have in modern times and that it is a medium worthy of attention, cognition, and use. Originality/value: The author saw an opportunity to improve education through the use of a large database of gaming preferences. This research paper is addressed to lecturers and gamers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study had a twofold purpose: (a) to create an Arabic version of the Coaches-Athletes Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) and (b) to assess its psychometric qualities in the context of Tunisia, as well as its sensitivity in other sports populations. The researchers conducted an online survey of 594 amateur athletes from different sports clubs in Tunisia. For the exploratory factor analysis, 157 athletes aged 22.72 ± 3.78 years were randomly selected, while confirmatory data were collected from 482 athletes aged 22.74 ± 7.63. The study found a three-factor structure through principal component and confirmatory factor analyses. CFA fit indices showed acceptable results for both second-order and first-order. The scale had excellent internal consistency for all three factors and total score, but only partially established sensitivity for the complementarity dimension. Gender and type of sport showed significant differences for the complementarity dimension. Cronbach's Alpha, McDonald's ω, and Guttmann's λ6 coefficients were all high at 0.88, 0.89, and 0.94, respectively. Overall, the results suggest ACART-Q is a valid instrument for assessing the coach/athlete relationship in the Tunisian context. The study provided valuable insights into its psychometric qualities and the questionnaire could be used by coaches, researchers, and athletes to improve their relationships and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Video games are one of the most popular types of interactive new media arts. In these games, controllers play an important role as the connection point between the game and the player. It seems that controller schemas can affect how a player uses his body and how his body schema shapes. The research purpose was to know how video game controllers map the body schema of the player in the game world. The method was case study and Explanation Building was used for analyses of data. images and videos of players and also observations were used as data. Up to 20 videos were reviewed on PlayStation, Nintendo, and Xbox platforms which had different controller schemas. Results showed that in motion-based controllers using, players did more actions and the controller mapped the body schema of the players in an isomorphic way. The Conclusion was that, due to the material distinction between the virtual and physical worlds and problems, such as lack of force feedback and artificial intelligence problems, the body schema got the incorrect input information and the player could not experience a real and natural sense in the response of his action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine sports injuries among amateur badminton players engaged in recreational activities, establishing a foundation for developing effective injury prevention and training programs. We assessed 504 amateur badminton players (302 males, 202 females) competing in the 2023 National Badminton Tournament in South Korea. This study focused on players involved in doubles matches, omitting singles competitors. Participants were divided into categories based on competitive and training sessions to document the location and type of injuries sustained. During competitions, the most frequently injured body parts were the waist (11.92%), ankle (11.66%), and knees and shoulders (11.53% each). In training sessions, injuries primarily affected the back and knees (12.43%) and shoulders (12.21%). The most common types of injuries during competitions were to muscles (35.60%), ligaments (29.32%), and tendons (12.04%), and during training to muscles (39.91%), ligaments (26.68%), and tendons (13.23%). Injuries resulting from player-to-player contact represented 19.44% of cases, while those involving non-player elements such as facility equipment accounted for 16.47%. There is a critical need to develop targeted injury prevention programs for amateur badminton players to mitigate injuries and enhance performance, thereby helping prevent the progression to chronic injury stages.

This study aimed to analysis the birth date distributions of the champion players between the years 1930-2022 to determine whether the FIFA World Cup champion national team football players between the years 1930-2022 were affected by the "Relative Age Effect" phenomenon. The universe of the research consisted of the national teams that were champions in the 1930-2022 FIFA World Cup Finals. The samples consisted of the football player group of the national teams that won the championship. The model of the research was determined as "Basic Qualitative Research". The data collection technique in the research was determined as "Document Analysis". The data analysis was made according to the Miles & Huberman model, which is a descriptive analysis form. In the study, the information of the athletes was detailed by looking at the squad structure for the FIFA World Cup champion national team football players between the years 1930-2022. In the highest level of professional football, it has been seen that the champion national team football players are numerically close to each other in terms of "relative age effect". As a result, it has been observed that the relative age effect in senior football decreases with increasing age. It was shown that the relative age effect in professional elite national teams changed negatively due to the high number of football players born in the second half of the year. In this case, it was not a negative situation for football players who transition to professionalism and reach the elite level, being born in the last months of the year. Looking at the intercontinental comparison, even considering the different football culture and structure, it has been revealed that late-born athletes have caught up with their peers at a professional level and even left them behind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the risk factors for developing groin pain in high school soccer players. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to investigate the risk factors for developing inguinal pain in high school soccer players who are undergoing an injury prevention program. A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted on 202 high school soccer players. Players were allocated to either group A (3 schools, 66 players) receiving the Copenhagen adduction exercise (CAE) alone, or group B (2 schools, 73 players) receiving the CAE and Nordic hamstrings exercise, or group C, the control group without any intervention (2 schools, 63 players). Hip range of motion (ROM) and strength measures were assessed prior to a groin injury prevention program and used in univariate and multivariate analysis to predict development of groin pain. Logistic regression analysis identified that hip abduction ROM and eccentric adductor strength of the dominant leg were factors in the development of groin pain. Increased abduction ROM and decreased eccentric adductor muscle strength of the dominant leg were risk factors for the development of groin pain.

Copyright of Beytulhikme: An International Journal of Philosophy is the property of Beytulhikme: An International Journal of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Medicine & Science of Physical Activity & Sport / Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Improving athletes' performance is a major topic of interest in studies on competitive sports. Core training has been used as a training method in daily life and rehabilitation, and recently, in competitive sports, with positive results. Previous experimental studies showed that core training can improve the fitness level of athletes (e.g., balance, core stability, etc.), but offer no consistent conclusions on whether it can improve sport-specific performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of core training on the sport-specific performance of athletes through a meta-analysis. Relevant studies on randomized controlled trials were selected, and we calculated the effect size using standardized mean difference values and the random effects model. Results showed that core training had almost no effect on athletes' power and speed, while agility showed a medium effect size but no statistical significance. On the other hand, there was a large effect on general athletic performance, such as core endurance and balance. Consequently, core training had a great effect on the core endurance and balance of athletes, but little effect on sport-specific performance. This result implies that more elaborate core training programs should be designed to improve the sport-specific performance of athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ranking problem of a multitude S={a1,...,am} for small number of competitive candidates is considered in consideration of many K={k1,...,kn} criteria. Given multitude is requested to be ranked according to diminution of priorities - from advantage to the worse. From the beginning it is implied that the mentioned criteria are equivalent. We discuss the given task as an antagonistic game against nature, that is why we make settlement of problem with the game model against nature. In such case, strategies are competitive candidates. Optimal mixed strategy of first player is counted with the maximin principle, by which candidates will be selected and expected average grade of each candidate u(ai)=xi*∑nj=1uij will be defined through it. We make ranking of the candidates in respect to nonstrict advantage ≽ and use expected average grading criterion: ai ≽ ak ⇔ u(ai) ≥u(ak). Relevant examples are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rewriting and executing codes violate the SOLID principle of object-oriented programming. Robotics being an emerging platform, it becomes hard to write the code from scratch. We focus on using what is already built in as a Robotics Component instead of writing something from scratch. The intention is to minimize development effort and produce the desired result on time without rewriting the software components. By allowing functionalities of different components to be brought into a single component, we are saving the time required for code conversion or replication of functionality written in one language to another. So an architecture with these properties seems ideal for integrating different components. Integration is one of the most fundamental problems in designing autonomous mobile robots, especially those interacting with people in real-life settings. This paper presents an approach to building complex systems from different robotics packages available as open source components (PLAYER, STAGE, GAZEBO, CARMEN). DBUS is a message-oriented protocol for communicating among processes running on the same desktop. SOA provides access to the services over the network and adds novelty to our application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this era of the commercialization of sports, various sports leagues are organized across the globe. At the end of the Series, players are awarded for their performances. These awards are decided by human experts or are based on just one performance indicator. However, human decisions are subjective and error-prone, and decisions based on just one criterion are incomplete and inconsistent. This paper identifies the decision-making problem in sports. It proposes a Neutrosophic TOPSIS approach for performance evaluation and recommendation of the best batsman and bowler of the Series. The approach is well-structured, robust, and efficient in handling vagueness, inconsistency, indeterminacy, and imprecision in real-life problems. We present a case study using the data of IPL 2021. In the case study, we calculate the ranks of the players using neutrosophic TOPSIS with two objective weight calculation methods. Then we evaluate and compare the obtained rank lists using Kendal Tau (τ). The values of τ for bowling-ranked lists is 0.83 and for battingranked lists is 0.72, which are impressive and prove the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach. We believe that the proposed approach can be applied to identify and recommend the best resources in other domains of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although scholars have examined numerous facets of broadcast sports, limited research has explored the use of statistics in these broadcasts. Reference to statistical summaries of athlete or team performance have long been a component of sport broadcasts, and for some viewers the rise of fantasy sport has led to even greater interest in quantitative measures of athlete or team performance. To examine the presence and nature of statistical references in sport broadcasts, this study examines National Football League telecasts over time to identify changes in the frequency, type, and presentation form of statistics. Findings revealed an emphasis on individual player statistics over team statistics, as well as an increase in on-screen graphics over time. The study also revealed a simultaneous decrease in statistical references relayed orally by broadcasters. These findings illustrate the importance of statistics as a storytelling tool, as well as reflecting technological innovations in sports broadcasting. In addition, they suggest a possible evolution in audience consumption habits and desires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: This study aims to provide data on the reliability and validity of an adapted Spanish version of the Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire (APSQ) when administered to Spanish athletes., Design: A cross-sectional study was developed., Methods: Data were collected from 128 athletes (males n = 71; females n = 57). The tools used in this study were the APSQ; Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to determine relative reliability, whereas standard error measurement and minimal detectable change were used to evaluate absolute reliability. Bland-Altman plots were employed to assess test-retest agreement and potential systematic bias., Results: Data indicate that the Spanish version of the APSQ demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (α: .77-.85) and generally fair to good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: .702; 95% CI, .602-.780). Significant associations were found between the APSQ Spanish version and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (ρ = .64-.82), with fair to good agreement, whereas fair to moderate levels of agreement were established between the APSQ Spanish version and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (ρ = .53-.75)., Conclusions: These results provide preliminary evidence supporting the use of the APSQ Spanish version for mental health screening among Spanish athletes. However, the lack of absolute reliability raises concerns about its utility for assessing the effects of interventions aimed at improving mental well-being.

As support from other people can influence human behaviour, one may ask how the absence of crowd attendance influences the performance of football (i.e., soccer) players. I address this question by contrasting matches of the Brazilian Championship (1st and 2nd Divisions) in 2019 and 2020, years in which crowd attendance was prohibited in order to fight the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In the 1st Division, home advantage decreased from 2019 to 2020, as teams that used to play for larger crowds had lower performance at home in 2020. However, no decrease in home advantage occurred in the 2nd Division in the same period. One explanation for this difference is that the beneficial effects of crowd support are more effective in the 1st Division, where players are used to receiving support from larger crowds. Therefore, while fan support can influence the behaviour/performance of players, this may not always happen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionVideo games are an essential phenomenon within new media art, utilizing game controllers that enable players to provide commands and receive corresponding output to interact with the system. In recent years, various controllers for video games have been introduced, some of which enable players to provide physical inputs using their entire body. Yet, it is inherent in human nature to interact with the world directly without intermediaries. In essence, the process of interacting with technology via intermediaries, such as video game controllers, introduces a new mechanism for human users. The primary aim of this research is to analyze the ways in which various controller generations in video games map the player's body schema within the game world. Moreover, the article delves into how symbiotic controllers can enhance the video game playing experience by accurately mapping a player's entire physical body in virtual space. Materials and MethodsThis study has been conducted using qualitative research methods, specifically a case study approach. Documentary data, including online video documents, and observational data obtained from watching players during gameplay, have been used to answer the research questions. The video data was obtained from players interacting with three distinct controllers - the Wii remote of the Nintendo system in Wii-Sports, the Dual Shock controller of Sony's system, and Microsoft's Kinect technology - in a selected set of games, from a total of over 20 videos available online. The video selection included prominent instances of player interaction with the game using the three different controller types. In alignment with Calleja's theory, video game controllers can be classified into three types: symbolic, imitative, and symbiotic. These controller types will be discussed further in the analysis section of this research. Discussion and ResultsThe body schema is an unconscious sensorimotor system that allows humans to perform activities efficiently without the need for conscious awareness or control. The important aspect to note about the body schema is its inherent flexibility and capacity for expansion during the embodied experience of users interacting with digital media. Video game controllers differentiate this medium from other visual media, like cinema and television, by acting as a link between the virtual and physical worlds. As such, controllers are responsible for accurately mapping a player's actions within the game. In fact, controllers serve as an automatic extension of the player's body and a means of translating the player's agency into digital signals that can be interpreted by hardware and software. We observed two types of actions performed using the controller: primary actions, such as moving the joystick or pressing a button, and more complex, context-specific actions, like aiming a gun or driving a car. Primarily, controllers enable players to physically move their bodies to perform specific actions. In contrast, the main action refers to what is done in the game and can be composed of various elementary actions that may or may not relate to the physical movements performed by the player. This discrepancy highlights an issue that affects the accuracy of mapping a player's body scheme, as their bodies may be performing different actions than those displayed on the game screen. ConclusionsLearning how to use a controller to navigate and explore the game is a crucial aspect of the player's experience. Controllers should be internalized and used intuitively to provide an enjoyable experience. Moreover, altering the controller input and changing the controller schema can drastically affect the player's experience, comparable to the learning curve of acquiring a new language to communicate with technology. While symbolic controllers map minimal real-world actions to maximal game-world actions, resulting in inconsistent body schema mapping, imitative and symbiotic controllers exhibit a congruent mapping between what the player does and the corresponding game-world action. However, other issues can arise, including a gap between the player's body scheme and natural experience. The use of symbiotic controllers, while allowing for natural actions, is limited in its ability to provide meaningful feedback to the player. This is because the game system and mediator do not provide the necessary bi-directional, natural feedback to accurately map the player's body schema and natural experience.

Copyright of Revista Kronos is the property of Revista Kronos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2015, four years after the outbreak of the Syrian conflict, which at the beginning was not on the focus and “interest” of NATO, the new actors were emerged in the campaign. Particularly, Russia’s involvement in the conflict has increased the intensity of military operations and decisively changed the course of the conflict on behalf of Syrian Government Forces. Until September 2015, the main players in the theatre have been Assad regime, Free Syrian Army (FSA), ISIS, anti-ISIS Coalition Forces, and the Syrian Democratic Forces (affiliated groups). However, today “surprisingly” strengthening players of the conflict are Syrian regime, Russia, Iran, and Hezbollah that were unimaginable at the beginning of the conflict. Surprisingly – because prior to the Syrian conflict “nobody” anticipated Russian, Iranian and pro-Iranian militia groups hegemony in Syrian territory. On the other hand, U.S., its Allies in Middle East, and most of the NATO member countries backed the Syrian Opposition and the Free Syrian Army, which were struggling to overthrow the Assad regime. At the same time, U.S. and most of its Allies publicly declared the recognition of the Syrian Opposition as a legitimate representative of Syrian people. Despite these support, in fact, the Syrian opposition and the Free Syrian Army were forced to retreat from almost all key areas, inflicting heavy losses. Beside, U.S. and his Allies, who previously projected the settlement of the Syrian conflict in the replacement of the Assad regime, now suggest democratic elections to be held under the auspices of the UN, not mentioning the “regime change”. Analyzing these two approaches - previous and current policy of regulation of the Syrian conflict, the considerable differences between them become evident. It seems that, the reason for this U-turn in policy is Russia’s entry into the Syrian equation as a game changer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to predict the market value of professional football players in the Iranian Premier League in the 2020-2021 season of Iranian football.Methods: method of the present study was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the present study included all Iranian and foreign players working in the Iranian Football Premier League, which totaled 409 people the appropriate sample size for the research was calculated based on the community sampling formula and at a 5% error level, 200 people were calculated descriptive statistics was used for analysis and multiple regression method was used for inferential analysis.Results: Results showed that there is a significant relationship between player valuation and age variables, goalkeeper position, midfielder position, striker position, individual awards, foot position and number of games therefore, it can be concluded that when evaluating, the mentioned factors should be considered to attract the desired players of the clubs in the transfer seasons.Conclusion: In general, it can be acknowledged that the estimated coefficients of this model have the necessary efficiency to determine the market value of professional football players in the Iranian league.

Copyright of International Journal of Medicine & Science of Physical Activity & Sport / Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)