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Modern chemotherapeutic agents offer versatile and potent applications for treatment of various forms of sarcomas. One such agent, doxorubicin, offers potent chemotherapeutic effects through its property of intercalation with DNA, resulting in rapid DNA degradation and cancer cell apoptosis. Despite its advanced properties, its application causes system-wide damage leading to cardiotoxicity and even lowering of cognitive scores, inhibition of self-regeneration, and nephropathy. To circumvent these adverse side-effects, localised drug delivery via a polymeric composite material may offer a solution. Chitosan, a biodegradable polymer, is a biocompatible polysaccharide capable of acting as an effective polymeric matrix for targeted drug delivery. In combination with bioactive glass, a composite polymeric scaffold could enhance the incorporation and release kinetics of doxorubicin from the polymer-based carrier while also promoting the formation of regenerative bone-like apatite. This work aimed to prepare chitosan/bioactive glass composite scaffolds as biodegradable carriers for doxorubicin in bone tumour treatment. The composite scaffolds were prepared with varying weight fractions of bioactive glass (0–30 %) within the chitosan matrix using thermally induced phase separation followed by solvent sublimation. The resulting scaffolds were characterised using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy assisted with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The drug was loaded into the scaffolds by immersing them in doxorubicin solutions of different concentrations (25 and 50 ppm) for 5 h. The release of doxorubicin was then studied in a phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) over a 24-h period using fluorescence spectrometry after scaffold immersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Civil Engineering / Revista Română de Inginerie Civilă is the property of Matrix Rom and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In parallel with technological developments, the need for affordable, functional and sustainable materials is increasing day by day. At this point, wood composite materials, which provide many economic and environmental advantages compared to traditional polymer matrix composites, attract great interest due to their functionality in a variety of engineering applications. In this study, the structural properties of functional wood plastic composites were examined before the sustainability analysis and the current market analysis was made by evaluating the usage areas of these materials Furthermore, information about these materials' production methods is presented, and approaches for improving material properties are evaluated. The literature review compiled integrated information on the recent progress of these composites and the development of material properties. Thus, by emphasizing the importance of wood-plastic composite materials in terms of sustainability, it is aimed to provide researchers with a basis for the structural properties, production technologies and sectoral trends of these materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood-plastic composite (WPC) materials have been developed as a versatile and sustainable solution for industries looking for environmentally friendly alternatives. Life cycle assessment (LCA), which is applied to analyze the environmental impact of functional materials, has become the focus of many scientific studies as the concept of sustainability is becoming increasingly important. However, while there are studies that summarize environmental sustainability and LCA research specific to different material groups in an integrated manner, there is no compilation study specific to WPC in the literature. In this context, the LCA studies prepared for WPCs have been comprehensively reviewed and the current literature findings on this subject have been compiled for the first time. For this purpose, firstly, the basics of LCA are explained and then the results of composites obtained from different lignocellulosic biomass samples and polymer composites are evaluated in various environmental impact categories. Thus, the parameters that can influence the environmental sustainability of WPC materials are discussed. As a result, more sustainable materials and methods have been identified in the production processes of WPCs that can be used as an alternative to traditional materials. Furthermore, the necessity of more widespread application of LCA for different material compositions is emphasized. As supported by the current literature, it is concluded that these materials are more environmentally friendly than similar materials with the same function, and the article is concluded with suggestions for WPC materials for a more sustainable approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monodonta turbinata is a densely populated species along the coasts of İskenderun Bay, Mediterranean Sea. The shells of M. turbinata contain a high amount of chitin for the chitosan production. The goal of this research is to produce chitin and chitosan from M. turbinata shells and characterize them using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. In addition, the samples were analyzed for solubility and deacetylation degree. The yields of chitin and chitosan obtained from M. turbinata were calculated as 60.26±0.96% and 80±1.29%, respectively. FTIR spectrum analysis results revealed the existence of functional groups in various bands and confirmed that the samples were chitin and chitosan. As a result of the FTIR, the deacetylation degree (DD) value was established to be 84.83%. The crystalline index (CrI) of chitin obtained from shells was computed as 54.92%. SEM analysis results displayed the morphological differences between chitin and chitosan biopolymers. The results indicate that M. turbinata shells, a waste product from İskenderun Bay, hold promise as a chitin and chitosan source for various applications in Türkiye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatigue tests of materials require longer time than most other mechanical tests when the enitre process is considered. One of the most critical factors affecting the test time is the test frequency. In this study, fatigue tests at different test frequencies were applied to the PLA parts produced by the additive manufacturing (AM) technique, and the effects of test frequency were investigated. In the fatigue tests, four different stress levels were applied, and the tests were carried out at four different frequencies: 2 Hz, 4 Hz, 6 Hz, and 8 Hz. The fatigue life of the samples changed according to the applied stress levels at varying test frequencies. There was an approximately 44% decrease in the fatigue life with increasing test frequency at the 1st stress level. Fatigue life showed an increasing trend at and after the 3rd stress level. At the 4th stress level, fatigue life increased by 45% when the test frequency was changed from 2 Hz to 8 Hz. In general, after a specific fatigue life, it was observed that increasing test frequency tended to increase the fatigue life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the effects of different additives on the stress-induced behaviour of asphalt binders were investigated using multiple stress creep recovery test (MSCR) experiments. Pure asphalt binder was modified with different proportions of SBS, 611 and 701 polymers. The experiment was carried out at 6 different temperatures and the creep recovery compliance (Jnr) and recovery percentage (R) were calculated for each cycle. Average Jnr and average R values were also calculated at different stress levels. The results showed that higher stress levels were associated with more pronounced nonlinear behaviour for all modified binders. In particular, the modified binders exhibited resilient behaviour against increasing temperatures at both low and high stress levels. Furthermore, the elastic return values increased with increasing additive in all three binders at different temperatures. The best additive for improving the elastic return properties of the pure binder was determined as 611. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This compilation article extensively examines the role and impact of Polylactic Acid (PLA) material in products manufactured using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method in additive manufacturing (AM). Presently, 3D printing technologies are rapidly proliferating across numerous industries and applications. Performance and impact in the FDM printing process can vary based on factors like; infill pattern, printing orientation, PLA's melting temperature, feed rate, and layer thickness. Infill patterns and printing orientation significantly affect the mechanical durability, surface quality, and printing duration of the product. Hence, the identification and optimization of suitable parameters are crucial for the effective utilization of PLA in 3D printing. This compilation gathers research from the existing literature regarding PLA's role and performance in the FDM printing process, encompassing PLA's structural and mechanical attributes, the influence of printing parameters and infill patterns, and the industrial applications of products manufactured using PLA. Specifically, the physical and chemical characteristics of PLA, optimization of printing parameters, geometry of infill patterns, printing orientation, and layer structure are examined. This study aims to provide a comprehensive reference regarding the characteristics and performance of PLA. It is intended to be a valuable resource for researchers, industry professionals, and academics engaged in the fields of design and engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryogel, a porous polymer material that is frequently used in recent years, has been evaluated in conjunction with alternative treatment methods. Natural polymers are well known for their high biocompatibility, and as a result, there are many studies that focus on the relationship between structure and function in plant-based biopolymers. To this end, various dressing materials, including gelatin, alginate, chitosan, and inorganic materials, have been developed as biopolymers. In this study, gelatin-based cryogels containing three different concentrations of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree plant) oil (TTO-GCry) were synthesized under specified conditions, and characterization studies were carried out. Their antibacterial activity was evaluated using two bacterial strains (E. coli and S. aureus). The results showed that the antibacterial effectiveness of the developed cryogels on E. coli was between 21–50%, and on S. aureus was between 28–72%. Furthermore, viability analysis using human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT) showed no toxic effects. The cryogel exhibited biocompatibility, indicating promise for use in skin injury and wound healing applications. This environmentally friendly cryogel, with a macroporous structure and composed of natural materials, holds potential for diverse functions, bringing novelty to the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to detect the effects of different polyolefin mixtures (polypropylene(PP): polyethylene(PE)) on the viscosity and temperature susceptibility of pure bitumen and was also aimed to comparatively evaluate with SBS (styrene-butadienestyrene) modified bitumens. For this purpose, bitumen was modified with different polyolefin mixtures (PP:PE) and was also modified with 2%SBS, 4%SBS and 4%PP. To evaluate the effects of polymers on pure bitumen, viscosity, softening point, penetration, temperature susceptibility and mixing-compaction temperature values of all bituminous binders were detected. The test results at 135°C showed that, the viscosities of 3:1 PP:PE and 1:3 PP:PE modified bitumens were higher than the viscosities of 2%SBS and 4%PP modified bitumens. It was seen that, 4%SBS modified bitumen was the binder with the lowest temperature sensitivity and the highest viscosity at 135°C. It was detected that the viscosities of all binders at 135°C did not exceed the 3 Pa s specification criterion. It was determined that, 3:1 PP:PE modified bitumen was a binder with a lower temperature sensitivity than other polyolefin modified bitumens and 2%SBS modified bitumen. Results showed that 2%SBS modified bitumen was the binder with the lowest mixing-compaction temperatures among all of the polymer modified binders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Marine & Coastal Science is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. It is important to obtain sulfur concrete by modifying technical sulfur obtained as a result of oil and gas processing in the territory of Uzbekistan. Purpose. Production of sulfur concrete based on synthesized polymer sulfur and analysis of its physical and mechanical properties. Methodology. IR spectroscopy was used to determine the functional groups in polymer sulfur. The change in concrete thickness and mechanical strength at a temperature of 80 °C was determined based on ПНСТ105-2016. Originality. Optimum conditions for obtaining polymer sulfur from technical sulfur were determined and its structure was explained by spectroscopic methods. The optimal amount of polymer sulfur required for the preparation of sulfur concrete mixture has been scientifically proven. Findings. Samples of sulfur concrete were prepared based on synthesized polymer sulfur. The change in the mechanical strength of sulfur concrete samples depending on the storage period has been scientifically analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, the results of research into the development of polymer composition materials with improved strength and antifriction properties based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE), as well as lowdensity polyethylene (LDPE) and modifying additives – Azerbaijani clays and synthetic lubricating oil are presented. It was established that the introduction of 5-25% nano-sized clays and 1-3% of the abovementioned oil into the composition makes it possible to obtain thermoplastic materials with sufficiently high antifriction and other properties. In addition, in the paper the influence of the temperature regime and the pressure of melt extrusion in a material cylinder on the physical-mechanical properties of composites on the basis of propylene were examined. The optimal conditions of processing of multicomponent composites were shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Health (2602-2834) is the property of Scientific Web Journals (SWJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Soil Science & Plant Nutrition / Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi is the property of Soil Science Society of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Çalışmada çevre sorumluluğu bilinciyle atık tetrapak kağıtları ve PE (Polietilen) atıklar değerlendirilerek yeni bir kompozit malzeme elde edilmiştir. Bu birleştirme işlemi için dolgu maddeleri ve bağlayıcı ajanlar kullanılmıştır. Üretilen levhalar, fiziksel ve mekaniksel bazı özelliklerinin belirlenmesi için standartlara uygun biçimde kesilmiş ve deneysel çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Deneylerden elde edilen sonuçlar, istatistiksel yöntemlerle değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme sonuçlarına göre, Tetrapak maddesine plastik ilave edildiği örneklerde ve bağlayıcı ajan olan maleik anhidritle kraftlanmış polietilen (MAPE) içeren kompozit örneklerinde mekanik direncin arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Eğilme dayanımlarının dolgu maddesinin çeşidi ve oranına bağlı olarak azaldığı, eşleştirici kimyasalların ise bazı deney gruplarının dışında eğilme dayanımını daha da azalttığı, elastikiyet modülü değerlerinde ise dolgu maddeleri ve eşleştiricilerin her ikisinin de değerleri düşürdüğü ancak eşleştirici kimyasalların dolgu maddelerine nazaran bir miktar daha yüksek sonuçlar verdiği tespit edilmiştir.

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University / Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacilik Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Materials & Technologies / Materiali in Tehnologije is the property of Institute of Metals & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Materials & Technologies / Materiali in Tehnologije is the property of Institute of Metals & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone is widely used among synthetic polymers due to its non-toxicity and solubility in water and other organic solvents. Complex compounds with metals and non-metals find widespread application in various fields of industry and medicine. The purpose of this study is to synthesize metal-polymer complexes for obtaining a new type of catalyst. Poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone was first dissolved in water and then re-mixed with the addition of the PdCl2 salt. A reducing agent was added to the solution, and finally the resulting substance was established by means of a binder. The same process was typical for MnCl2 salt. Complexes obtained studied by various research methods (FTIR, XRD, SEM, UV-Vis). Proceeding from the results of the research methods, we can say that the construction process was successful and the metal nanoparticles settled on the surface and inside the polymer. The obtained complex compounds are intended to be used as catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, thermal conductivity of asphalt mixtures was investigated depending on aggregate type, aggregate gradation, maximum aggregate size, mixture type and commonly used asphalt additives. By using basalt and limestone aggregates, dense graded and gap graded asphalt mixture designs were made with 19 mm and 12.5 mm maximum sized aggregates in different gradations. In addition to control (K) bituminous mixtures using basalt and limestone aggregates, rubber (R), cellulosic fiber (SE), Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS), Styrene Isoprene Styrene (SIS), Elvaloy (E), Styrene-Ethylene- Butylene-Styrene (SEBS), polyolefin elastomer (PE) and nanoclay (NC) modified asphalt mixtures were produced. It was observed that the thermal conductivity of the mixtures was significantly affected by the aggregate gradation, the increase in the fine aggregate ratio increased the thermal conductivity of the mixture, and the thermal conductivity of the dense graded mixtures was higher than the stone mastic asphalts. The effect of maximum aggregate size was not clearly understood in the gradations created. All of the additives used decreased the thermal conductivity, and the highest decrease was observed in SE and R modified mixtures. The thermal conductivity of the mixtures using limestone aggregate instead of basalt aggregate decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Engineer Military Bulletin / Muszaki Katonai Közlöny is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui deskripsi penerapan model pembelajaran self organized learning environments (SOLE) pada materi polimer untuk siswa kelas X RPL di SMK N 1 Sanden, 2) menguji peningkatkan pemahaman materi polimer melalui penerapan model pembelajaran self organized learning environments (SOLE) siswa kelas X RPL di SMK N 1 Sanden. Penelitian dilakukan di SMK N Sanden, dengan subjek penelitian kelas X RPL. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas, terdiri dari dua siklus dan tiap-tiap siklus terdiri dari tiga pertemuan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes. Tes digunakan untuk mengambil data pemahaman materi Polimer. Data pemahaman materi Polimer dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran self organized learning environments (SOLE) dapat meningkatkan pemahaman materi polimer siswa kelas X RPL di SMK N 1 Sanden dengan langkah-langkah: (1) Question atau Pertanyaan. Guru memberikan pertanyaan ke siswa melalui format yang berisi pertanyaan yang di bagikan melalui WA group. (2) Investigate atau Investigasi. Siswa melakukan investigasi atau pencarian jawaban lewat internet. Jawaban yang telah diperoleh siswa ditulis dibuku, kemudian difoto dan dishare ke WA guru lewat jaringan pribadi. (3) Review atau Mencermati. Guru melakukan review jawaban siswa dengan cara mengunduh jawaban siswa yang dishare lewat jaringan pribadi. Jawaban siswa yang telah direview dikembalikan ke siswa dengan cara difoto lewat WA jalur pribadi siswa. Penerapan model pembelajaran Self Organized Learning Environments (SOLE) dapat meningkatkan pemahaman materi polimer siswa kelas X RPL di SMK N 1 Sanden dari persentase ketuntasan klasikal 57,89% pada siklus I, menjadi 73,68% pada siklus II dan telah mencapai indikator keberhasilan penelitian.

In this study, hemicellulose-based polymeric gel films were synthesized using the free radical polymerization mechanism. Hemicellulose was obtained from tea leaf brewing waste by using delignification process. Polymeric gel films were produced in accordance with solution-casting technique. The effects of synthesis parameters were investigated on the structure and properties of gel films. For this purpose, the hemicellulose-based synthesized gel films were characterized by analytical test. Experimental results indicated that hemicellulose-based gel films absorbed moisture at the rate of maximum 1% in 100% relative humidity environment. The lowest water vapor permeability (WVP) value was measured to be 5.88×10-10 g/(s Pa m), for the hemicellulose-based film including chitosan. The average solubility values of the produced polymeric films varied between approximately 0.4 and 1.8%. It was observed that the optical transparency of hemicellulose-based polymeric gel films changed from about 45 to 65% and the opacity/thickness values were from 0.0027 to 0.0011 µm-1. As a result, it was found that the physicochemical and morphological properties of the synthesized films are greatly influenced by the composition of the films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polimerlerin bitüm ile uyumu ve modifikasyon süreci modifiye bitümün ve nihai asfalt karışımın özellikleri üzerinde anahtar rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı elastomer ve plastomer türü polimer modifiye bitümler üzerinde bentonit nanokilinin etkisinin morfolojik yönden araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaçla, SBS, SEBS, SIS elastomerleri ile EVA ve EBA plastomerleri %5 oranında kullanılarak nanokil içermeyen ve %3 oranında nanokil içeren polimer modifiye bitümler hazırlanmıştır. Polimer modifiye ve polimer/nanokil modifiye bitümlere depolama stabilitesi deneyi yapıldıktan sonra örnekler optik mikroskop ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) yöntemleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Nanokil kullanılarak elastomerik ve plastomerik polimer modifiye bitümlerin depolama stabilitelerinin iyileştirilebileceği görülmüştür.

This study was carried out to compare the tribological performances of 35wt.% graphite-added polytetrafluoroethylene (35G/PTFE) composite and 10wt.%PTFE filled polyamide 6 (10PTFE/PA6) polymer blend at different speeds used in rolling bearing applications. Tribological tests were carried out on a pinon-disc wear test rig at the sliding speeds of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0m / and under the loads of 50N and 150N. Tests were conducted against AISI 316L stainless steel disc material under dry sliding conditions at room temperature. As a result of the wear and friction tests, it was observed that the coefficient of friction values of both materials used in the experiments was slightly affected by the increase in sliding speed, while the wear volume and wear rate values increased. As a result of the obtained data, the wear rate of 35wt.% graphite filled PTFE composite is between 2.70 and 3.67x10-14 m2/N, while the wear rate of 10wt.% PTFE filled PA6 polymer blend is 5.07 to15.5x10-14 m2/N. 35% graphite filled PTFE composite was found to be average 62% wear resistant than that of 10wt.%PTFE filled PA6 polymer mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study was to compare dewatering properties of chemically conditioned sludge and freeze/thawed sludge as determined by mainly specific resistance to filtration (SRF), dry solids content of sludge cake (DS), and capillary suction time (CST) parameters. The experimental studies were carried out with mixed sludge samples taken from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Turkey. In chemical conditioning experiments, sludge samples were conditioned with different dosages of polymer using classical jar test method. In freeze/thaw conditioning experiments, samples were frozen at -16.5 °C at different freezing rates and then thawed at 21±1 °C at different times in order to determine the effect of thawing time on dewatering performance. 25 mg/L polymer dose and 2.71 mm/h freezing rate were found to be optimum in terms of sludge conditioning. Rapid freezing that is higher than 8.13 mm/h could not sufficiently condition the sludge and there was no significant effect of thawing time on conditioning performance. Dewatering properties of chemically conditioned sludge and freeze/thawed sludge was determined as very close to each other. While CST and SRF reductions were calculated as 76% and 75%, respectively at 25 mg/L polymer dosage, 2.71 mm/h freezing rate application caused 79% and 76% reduction in CST and SRF, respectively.

Bu çalışmanın amacı kimyasal olarak şartlandırılmış çamur ve dondurulup çözdürülmüş çamurun su verme özelliklerinin özgül filtre direnci (ÖFD), çamur keki katı madde içeriği (KM) ve kapiler emme süresi (KES) parametre değerlerinin belirlenmesi ile karşılaştırılmasıdır. Deneysel çalışmada, İzmir (Türkiye)’de bulunan bir kentsel atıksu arıtma tesisi çamurları kullanılmıştır. Kimyasal şartlandırma deneylerinde çamurlar farklı dozlardaki polimer ile klasik jar testi metodu kullanılarak şartlandırılmıştır. Dondurma/çözme yöntemi ile şartlandırma çalışmalarında ise çamur örnekleri -16.5 °C’de farklı donma hızlarında dondurulmuş ve sonra 21±1 °C’de çözme süresinin su alma performansına etkisini belirlemek amacıyla farklı çözme sürelerinde çözdürülmüştür. 25 mg/L polimer dozu ve 2.71 mm/sa. donma hızı çamur şartlandırma için en uygun koşul olarak belirlenmiştir. 8.13 mm/sa.’ten daha hızlı dondurma işlemi çamurun şartlandırılması için yeterli olmamıştır. Yanı sıra, çözme süresinin çamur şartlandırma performansı üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın bir sonucu olarak, kimyasal şartlandırılmış çamur ile dondurma/çözme ile şartlandırılan çamurların su verme özellikleri birbirine oldukça yakın olduğu belirlenmiştir. 25 mg/L polimer uygulamasında KES ve ÖFD değerlerindeki azalma sırasıyla %76 ve %75 iken ve 2.71 mm/sa. dondurma hızı uygulaması sırasıyla %79 ve %76 KES ve ÖFD azalmasına sebep olmuştur. Çalışmanın diğer bir sonucu ise dondurma/çözme ile şartlandırılmış çamurların kimyasal şartlandırılmış çamurlara oranla vakum filtrasyonu sonrasında daha yüksek katı madde içeriklerine ulaşmasıdır.

Penelitian ini merupakan kajian pustaka,berkaitan dengan bahan pembuatan plastik.Kajian bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi sumber-sumber bahan polimer alami,sebagai pembuatan plastik biodegradable. Plastik telah menjadi bagian tak terpisahkan dari kehidupan saat ini.Pada berbagai bidang.Dari alat rumah tangga sebagai kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari.Keadaan ini menimbulkan masalah bagi lingkungan,karena menghasilkan limbah.Limbah plastik dari minyak bumi merupakan limbah paling banyak dihasilkan,karena masa degradablenya sangat panjang.Untuk mengurangi limbah plastik yang sulit terdegradasi dengan menggunakan bahan biodegradable polimer alami sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan plastik Polimer alami digunakan dalam pembuatan plastik juga bisa digunakan sebagai alternative penganti polimer dari minyak bumi yang keberadaannya sangat terbatas, dan dapat bisa mengurangi limbah dari bahan polimer nonbiodegradable.Dari kajian ini diperoleh dua dasar sumber polimer alami sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan bahan plastik yaitu sumber nabati dan sumber hewani.Adapun sumber nabati yaitu kayu dan tanaman tahunan dan sumber Hewani yaitu kitin dan kitosan serta protein.

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, reduced graphene oxide and aramid/reduced graphene oxide were used a filler in polyethylene which is easy to process. Composite materials containing 0.1% of polymer were prepared by melt blending method using thermokinetic mixer and hot-cold isostatic press. Mechanical tensile analysis of the composites were examined. The results showed that these solid composites containing very low amounts (0.1%) of nano additives can be used easily in conventional plastic processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Materials & Technologies / Materiali in Tehnologije is the property of Institute of Metals & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Various aspects of binary, ternary, quaternary, quinary, and senary structures for alloys, polymers and, in particular, proteins are studied. We refer to quinary and senary structures in some polymers indicating the role of total energy maxima in the infrared and Raman activity energy spectra. Decomposition of quinary structures to ternary structures is discussed. A complex analytical method of binary and ternary Galois extension is proposed as well as its realization in terms of Riemann surfaces. Slightly wavy behaviour of the system of hexagons in a polymer leaf is investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) The non-commutative Galois theory of languages is presented and the universal language of natural languages is constructed. (2) The Galois theory for natural languages is given. (3) The Galois theory for the formal language theory is given. (4) Finally, we find intimate connections between language and physics and discuss the anthropological problem in physics from the point of view of our language theory. (5) In Appendix we give a virtual language defined by Fibonacci and Tribonacci sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of experiments was conducted to obtain a nanocomposite based on organo-bentonite and a synthetic polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone by a hydrothermal method. Octadecilaminacetateprocessed bentonite was used as organoclay. Obtained samples were investigated by X-ray, IR spectroscopic methods of analysis. It found that samples can also be used as adsorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the study, 2 different B 160/220 class pure bitumen were obtained from LANAZ refinery located in Northern Iraq and Batman TÜPRAŞ refinery. Modified bitumens were prepared by adding styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene (SEBS) in 3 different ratios (2%, 3% and 4%). Penetration, softening point and rotational viscosity tests at two different temperatures (135 and 165°C) were applied to pure and modified bitumens. In addition, resistance to rutting parameters (G*/sin δ) were determined by dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests. The complex shear modulus (G*) values and phase angles were determined in different conditions by applying DSR test at different temperature and loading rates. It was determined that the penetration and phase angle values of the binders were decreased and the softening point, viscosity, resistance to rutting parameter and complex shear modulus values increased with SEBS additive. As a result of the analyzes, it was determined that bitumen obtained from Iraq LANAZ refinery gave more positive results in terms of high temperature resistance than pure bitumen obtained from Batman TÜPRAŞ refinery. When modified bitumens were evaluated, it was found that more effective modified bitumens were obtained according to Iraq LANAZ bitumen in case Batman TÜPRAŞ bitumen was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dokuz Eylul University Muhendislik Faculty of Engineering Journal of Science & Engineering / Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi is the property of Dokuz Eylul Universitesi Muhendislik Fakultesi Fen ve Muhendislik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)