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Crystallinity and crystal structure greatly influence the photocatalytic behavior of photocatalysts. Pristine g-C3N4 produced by traditional thermal-induced polycondensation reaction bears low crystallinity and thus poor photoactivity, which originates from the incomplete polymerization of the precursor containing amine groups, abundant hydrogen bonds, and unreacted amino, as well as cyanide functional groups in the skeleton. During photocatalytic process, these residual functional groups often work as electron trap sites, which may hinder the transfer of electrons on the plane, resulting in low photoactivity. Fortunately, crystalline carbon nitride (CCN) was reported as a promising photocatalyst because its increased crystallinity not only reduces the number of carriers recombination centers, but also increases charge conductivity and improves light utilization due to extended π-conjugated systems and delocalized π-electrons. As such, we summarize the recent studies on CCN-based photocatalysts for the photoactivity enhancement. Firstly, the unique structure and properties of CCN materials are presented. Next, the preparation methods and modification strategies are well outlined. We also sum up the applications of CCN-based materials in the environmental purification and energy fields. Finally, this review concerning CNN materials ends with prospects and challenges in the obtainment of high crystallinity by effective techniques, and the deep understanding of photocatalytic mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method was developed to enhance the utilization rate of steel slag (SS). Through treatment of SS with phosphoric acid and aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550), we obtained modified SS (MSS), which was used to prepare MSS/wood-plastic composites (MSS/WPCs) by replacing talcum powder (TP). The composites were fabricated through melting blending and hot pressing. Their mechanical and combustion properties, which comprise heat release, smoke release, and thermal stability, were systematically investigated. MSS can improve the mechanical strength of the composites through grafting reactions between wood powder and thermoplastics. Notably, MSS/WPC#50 (16wt% MSS) with an MSS-to-TP mass ratio of 1:1 exhibited optimal comprehensive performance. Compared with those of WPC#0 without MSS, the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of MSS/WPC#50 were increased by 18.5%, 12.8%, and 18.0%, respectively. Moreover, the MSS/WPC#50 sample achieved the highest limited oxygen index of 22.5%, the highest vertical burning rating at the V-1 level, and the lowest horizontal burning rate at 44.2 mm/min. The formation of a dense and stable char layer led to improved thermal stability and a considerable reduction in heat and smoke releases of MSS/WPC#50. However, the partial replacement of TP with MSS slightly compromised the mechanical and flame-retardant properties, possibly due to the weak grafting caused by SS powder agglomeration. These findings suggest the suitability of MSS/WPCs for high-value-added applications as decorative panels indoors or outdoors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract—Cr- and Pt-based catalysts are the most widely used industrial catalysts for propane dehydrogenation (PDH). However, these catalysts still show disadvantages such as environmental toxicity and high economic cost. Cobalt (Co)-based catalysts have become promising candidate catalysts for PDH reactions due to their environmental friendliness and low cost. In this paper, Co-based catalysts are prepared by the impregnation method and precipitation method, respectively. The obtained catalysts all show grape-like nanocrystalline aggregated structures with intercrystallite mesopores and high surface area. This can improve the dispersion of Co species and mass transfer of catalysts. Comparing catalysts prepared by the two methods, the impregnated 1CoZI sample shows smaller CoOx nanoparticle size and higher Co2+/Co3+ ratio than the precipitated 1CoZP sample. Moreover, the impregnated 1CoZI sample shows higher propane conversion and propylene selectivity, which is attributed to the smaller CoOx nanoparticle size and higher content of Co2+ species bonded with zeolite framework. This structure brings higher catalytic activity and stability to the catalyst. Different PDH reaction conditions such as the reaction temperature and propane GHSV are also investigated. Under the optimal PDH reaction conditions (525°C and 4500 h–1), the impregnated 1CoZI shows high propane conversion (32%) and propylene selectivity (86%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the development of renewable energy has become an important part of the global sustainable energy strategy. Hydrogen is the cleanest energy in the world and is considered to be the most promising alternative energy. Industrial hydrogen production contains a large number of impurities. Therefore, the purification of hydrogen is an indispensable part of the use of hydrogen energy. Palladium and its alloy membranes are the most common materials for hydrogen separation, but they are too expensive and insufficient in yield. We need to find new hydrogen separation membranes with excellent performance. It is found that the hydrogen permeability coefficient of V/Nb and its alloy membranes is much larger than that of Pd, and the cost is lower than that of Pd metal, which is the best hydrogen separation membrane material to replace Pd metal. At present, there are many studies on V/Nb-based alloy membranes. This paper introduces the principle of hydrogen permeation of alloy membranes, the preparation methods of hydrogen separation membranes and their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the research status of V/Nb-based alloys in recent years, and looks forward to the future research and development trend of hydrogen separation membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• K-doped MnO 2 was synthesized by different strategies. • K+ has structural promoting and electronic regulating effects in metal oxides. • Oxygen vacancies could be tuned by changing the preparation method and potassium source. • The MVK mechanism and the in situ DRIFT was used to study the reaction pathway. Alkali metal potassium was beneficial to the electronic regulation and structural stability of transition metal oxides. Herein, K ions were introduced into manganese oxides by different methods to improve the degradation efficiency of toluene. The results of activity experiments indicated that KMnO 4 -HT (HT: Hydrothermal method) exhibited outstanding low-temperature catalytic activity, and 90% conversion of toluene can be achieved at 243°C, which was 41°C and 43°C lower than that of KNO 3 -HT and Mn-HT, respectively. The largest specific surface area was observed on KMnO 4 -HT, facilitating the adsorption of toluene. The formation of cryptomelane structure over KMnO 4 -HT could contribute to higher content of Mn3+ and lattice oxygen (O latt), excellent low-temperature reducibility, and high oxygen mobility, which could increase the catalytic performance. Furthermore, two distinct degradation pathways were inferred. Pathway Ⅰ (KMnO 4 -HT): toluene → benzyl → benzoic acid → carbonate → CO 2 and H 2 O; Pathway ⅠⅠ (Mn-HT): toluene → benzyl alcohol → benzoic acid → phenol → maleic anhydride → CO 2 and H 2 O. Fewer intermediates were detected on KMnO 4 -HT, indicating its stronger oxidation capacity of toluene, which was originated from the doping of K+ and the interaction between K O Mn. More intermediates were observed on Mn-HT, which can be attributed to the weaker oxidation ability of pure Mn. The results indicated that the doping of K+ can improve the catalytic oxidation capacity of toluene, resulting in promoted degradation of intermediates during the oxidation of toluene. The doping of K+ had a certain influence on the morphology of MnO 2 , and the activity was significantly improved. In addition, KMnO 4 -HT possessed higher Mn3+ and O latt content, which accelerates the breaking speed of C C bonds and promotes the deep oxidation of toluene. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanomaterials have shown excellent performance in catalytic degradation and other fields because of their low density and great specific surface area, as well as their tunable chemical characteristics. However, the methods used to synthesize MnO2 nanomaterials greatly affect their structures and properties. Therefore, the present work systematically illustrates common synthetic routes and their advantages and disadvantages, as well as examining research progress relating to electrochemical applications. In contrast to previous reviews, this review summarizes approaches for preparing MnO2 nanoparticles and describes their respective merits, demerits, and limitations. The aim is to help readers better select appropriate preparation methods for MnO2 nanomaterials and translate research results into practical applications. Finally, we also point out that despite the significant progress that has been made in the development of MnO2 nanomaterials for electrochemical applications, the related research remains in the early stages, and the focus of future research should be placed on the development of green synthesis methods, as well as the composition and modification of MnO2 nanoparticles with other materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isoreticular metal-organic framework-3 (IRMOF-3), a porous coordination polymer, is an MOF material with the characteristics of a large specific surface area and adjustable pore size. Due to the existence of the active amino group (-NH2) on the organic ligand, IRMOF-3 has more extensive research and application potential. Herein, the main preparation methods of IRMOF-3 in existing research were compared and discussed first. Second, we classified and summarized the functionalization modification of IRMOF-3 based on different reaction mechanisms. In addition, the expanded research and progress of IRMOF-3 and their derivatives in catalysis, hydrogen storage, material adsorption and separation, carrier materials, and fluorescence detection were discussed from an application perspective. Moreover, the industrialization prospect of IRMOF-3 and the pressing problems in its practical application were analyzed and prospected. This review is expected to provide a reference for the design and application of more new nanomaterials based on IRMOF-3 to develop more advanced functional materials in industrial production and engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, wide bandgap semiconductor materials have shown great potential in the field of optoelectronic devices, and have received more and more research and attention. Zinc gallate (ZnGa2O4) is a wide bandgap semiconductor material, showing broad application prospects in the fields of solar-blind ultraviolet photoelectric detection and X-ray detection for its wide bandgap, unique structure and good thermal stability. In this paper, based on the basic structural characteristics of ZnGa2O4, the bandgap, photoelectric properties of ZnGa2 O4, the preparation methods of ZnGa2O4 bulk single crystal and thin film are introduced in detail. Combined with the recent research results of domestic and foreign scholars, the application prospects of ZnGa2 O4 in many fields are summarized, especially the research progress of solar-blind ultraviolet photoelectric detection, memristor, X-ray detection and power devices. Finally, the future development direction of ZnGa2O4 is prospected, and it is pointed out that the quality and performance of ZnGa2O4materials can be further improved to improve device performance and meet higher level application requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 hydrogenation to methane (also known as "CO2 methanation") is an important way to achieve the goal of carbon neutralization. CeO2 is considered as one of the most important catalyst supports because of its abundant surface oxygen vacancies and excellent oxygen storage capacity. Transition metal Ni is also widely studied because of its excellent catalytic performance and low price. The Ni/CeO2-based catalysts formed by the combination of CeO2 and metal Ni show good application prospects in CO2 methanation. The reaction mechanisms of Ni/CeO2-based catalysts for CO2 methanation were summarized and the preparation methods of Ni/CeO2-based catalysts were introduced, and the key parameters affecting catalytic performance of CO2 methanation such as the characteristics of active centers, properties of supports, types of additives and metal-support interactions were summarized, and the catalytic performances of Ni/CeO2-based catalysts were also summarized. It is found that by modifying Ni/CeO2-based catalysts, the catalytic performances and product selectivities of Ni/CeO2-based catalysts for CO2 methanation can be regulated, which can provide new ideas for improving their catalytic performances of CO2 methanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photochromic textiles have a wide range of applications in the field of fashion and smart textiles due to the qualities of rapid light responsiveness and reversibility of reaction. The principle and classification of photochromic materials are summarized. We discussed the latest research progress of photochromic textile preparation technology including direct grafting, dyeing and printing, spinning, layer-by-layer self-assembly, and microencapsulation, and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Direct grafting method can precisely control the number of materials, but some methods need professional technology and equipment. Dyeing and printing method is simple and economical, suitable for mass production, but the dyes are easy to fade and may pollute the environment. Spinning method spins photochromic substances into the fibers, but the preparation process is complicated. Layer-by-layer self-assembly method can accurately control the structure of the materials and improve stability, but the preparation cycle is long and cumbersome. Microencapsulation can effectively isolate the materials, improve stability, and has the potential for mass production. Finally, the research and application progress of photochromic textiles in the fields of optical information storage and solar ultraviolet detection were briefly introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, wide bandgap semiconductor materials have shown great potential in the field of optoelectronic devices, and have received more and more research and attention. Zinc gallate (ZnGa2O4) is a wide bandgap semiconductor material, showing broad application prospects in the fields of solar-blind ultraviolet photoelectric detection and X-ray detection for its wide bandgap, unique structure and good thermal stability. In this paper, based on the basic structural characteristics of ZnGa2O4, the bandgap, photoelectric properties of ZnGa2 O4, the preparation methods of ZnGa2O4 bulk single crystal and thin film are introduced in detail. Combined with the recent research results of domestic and foreign scholars, the application prospects of ZnGa2 O4 in many fields are summarized, especially the research progress of solar-blind ultraviolet photoelectric detection, memristor, X-ray detection and power devices. Finally, the future development direction of ZnGa2O4 is prospected, and it is pointed out that the quality and performance of ZnGa2O4materials can be further improved to improve device performance and meet higher level application requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mannan is a kind of natural polysaccharide, which is widely distributed in yeast and plant tis‐ sues. As a feed additive, mannan can enhance humoral and cellular immunity, maintain intestinal bal‐ ance of nature and improve rumen function. In this paper, the physicochemical properties, preparation, determination, metabolic pathway and application of mannan were summarized, which provided reference value for the development and application of mannan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most coal-fired industrial flue gases contained low concentration CO. How to deal with it effectively was a research hotspot in recent years. Catalytic oxidation was considered as the most promising method in the 21st century for the removement of CO with the high efficiency, environmentally friendly, easy to operate and low cost. In this review, the reaction mechanisms of CO oxidation were described, which could provide ideas for the development of new catalysts. The effects of supports and preparation methods on catalysts activity was also reviewed systematically. In addition, some suggestions and outlooks were provided for future development of CO catalytic oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large volumes of wastewater containing toxic contaminants (e.g., heavy metal ions, organic dyes, etc.) are produced from industrial processes including electroplating, mining, petroleum exploitation, metal smelting, etc., and proper treatment prior to their discharge is mandatory in order to alleviate the impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Adsorption is one of the most effective and practical methods for removing toxic substances from wastewater due to its simplicity, flexibility, and economics. Recently, hierarchical oxide composites with diverse morphologies at the micro/nanometer scale, and the combination advantages of oxides and composite components have been received wide concern in the field of adsorption due to their multi-level structures, easy functionalization characteristic resulting in their large transport passages, high surface areas, full exposure of active sites, and good stability. This review summarizes the recent progress on their typical preparation methods, mainly including the hydrothermal/solvothermal method, coprecipitation method, template method, polymerization method, etc., in the field of selective adsorption and competitive adsorption of hazardous substances from wastewater. Their formation processes and different selective adsorption mechanisms, mainly including molecular/ion imprinting technology, surface charge effect, hard-soft acid-base theory, synergistic effect, and special functionalization, were critically reviewed. The key to hierarchical oxide composites research in the future is the development of facile, repeatable, efficient, and scale preparation methods and their dynamic adsorption with excellent cyclic regeneration adsorption performance instead of static adsorption for actual wastewater. This review is beneficial to broaden a new horizon for rational design and preparation of hierarchical oxide materials with selective adsorption of hazardous substances for wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carboxymethyl pachymaran （CMP） is a carboxymethylated modification product of the water-insoluble polysaccharides from Poria cocos. It has many biological activities such as immune regulation, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, liver damage protection and intestinal flora regulation. It has a wide application prospect in functional food, active molecular carrier, medicine and other fields. In this paper, the research of CMP at home and abroad in recent years was focused, the biological activity, preparation, identification and application development of CMP were reviewed, and the future development direction of CMP was prospected.

Polysaccharides and proteins are two important components in food. Combining plant protein with polysaccharides can give full play to their advantages, show new functional characteristics, and improve their shortcomings. In this review, the preparation and influencing factors of polysaccharides-plant proteins complex, the functional properties of the polysaccharide-plant protein complex and its application are introduced.

Objective: The preparation method of matrix reference materials of bifenthrin and cyhalothrin pesticide residues in green tea was established. Methods: Green tea samples were sprayed with biphenylthrin and cyhalothrin. The samples were crushed, screened, homogenized and bottled. After the homogeneity and stability tests, the quantity value was determined by three laboratories, and the uncertainty was evaluated. Results: The amount values of bifenthrin and cyhalothrin in green tea were (0.185±0.019 7) and (0.207±0.046 6) mg/kg with k=2, and the confidence interval was 95%. Conclusion: The developed matrix reference materials of bifenthrin and cyhalothrin in green tea are homogeneous and stable enough, and the calibration results are reliable.

Solid materials are contaminated by contaminants such as dust, dirt, grease and other contaminants that accumulate on their surfaces, which in turn leads to problems such as material wastage and malfunctioning. An effective method to address these problems is to apply a special wetting self-cleaning coating with superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic properties. In this paper, the theoretical wetting models, wetting parameters and lubrication behavior were elucidated starting from the theory of solid surface wettability; the working principles of superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic self-cleaning functions were explored. Additionally, the preparation methods, advantages and disadvantages of superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic self-cleaning coatings at home and abroad were introduced, as well as their multifunctional applications in the fields of photovoltaic power generation, anti-icing and anti-frost and metal corrosion protection. In conclusion, it was pointed out that there was an insufficient evaluation of the comprehensive performance of the coatings, including aspects such as stability and resistance to peeling. Moreover, consideration of the environmental factors relevant to their application was lacking. The prospects for further research on these coatings were also discussed.

The current research status of refractory high-entropy alloys（RHEAs） is reviewed，the composition design of RHEAs is described，and the effects of metal elements and non-metal elements on the structure and properties of RHEAs are summarized. In addition，the microstructure and mechanical properties of RHEAs under different preparation methods are described，and the strengthening mechanism of RHEAs matrix composites is discussed. The future development of RHEAs is prospected，and the following suggestions are put forward for its future research direction: enhancing of RHEAs by multiphase synergistic effects through the interface design between different phases；designing and optimizing the composition of RHEAs to develop RHEAs that are easy to process at room temperature；quickly screening the composition and microstructure of RHEAs by combining with high-throughput calculation methods；regulating and controlling the microstructure and structure of RHEAs by additive manufacturing technology；carrying out the configuration design of RHEAs matrix composites to balance the strength and plasticity of RHEAs matrix composites.

The heat transfer mechanism of thermally conductive MXene-bassed composites; was; introduced, and their preparation methods; were reviewed, mainly including vacuum-as;s;is;ted filtration, freeze-drying orientation, ssolution blending, self-assembly, and multilayer casting. The characteristics of the thermally conductive MXene-based composites were analyzed, the challenges; they have to face were pointed out, and their development direction in future was; prosspected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have witnessed a surge in the application of microrobots within the medical sector, with hydrogel microrobots standing out due to their distinctive advantages. These microrobots, characterized by their exceptional biocompatibility, adjustable physico-mechanical attributes, and acute sensitivity to biological environments, have emerged as pivotal tools in advancing medical applications such as targeted drug delivery, wound healing enhancement, bio-imaging, and precise surgical interventions. The capability of hydrogel microrobots to navigate and perform tasks within complex biological systems significantly enhances the precision, efficiency, and safety of therapeutic procedures. Firstly, this paper delves into the material classification and properties of hydrogel microrobots and compares the advantages of different hydrogel materials. Furthermore, it offers a comprehensive review of the principal categories and recent innovations in the synthesis, actuation mechanisms, and biomedical application of hydrogel-based microrobots. Finally, the manuscript identifies prevailing obstacles and future directions in hydrogel microrobot research, aiming to furnish insights that could propel advancements in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polymer Materials Science & Engineering is the property of Sichuan University, Polymer Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

.The novel modified steel slag/wood-plastic composites were innovatively prepared by melt blending with melt pressure 4.8 MPa ascribed to simpler operation. The addition of modified steel slag could be grafted on the molecular chain of polyethylene and wood powder using melt blending, producing chemical correlations. Their higher flexural strengths in the range of 24.78~32.35 MPa in accordance with GB/T 24137-2009 were used as indoor and outdoor decorative panels. Especially, the wood-plastic composite with 16 wt.% modified steel slag possessed the most optimal tensile strength and flexural strength achieving 17.36 MPa and 32.35 MPa which increased by 16.1% and 9.1% compared with talc powder/wood-plastic composites, respectively. Moreover, modified steel slag containing aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide and phosphorus pentoxide combined with residual substances of polyethylene and wood powder, resulting in a rapidly condensed form as a protective shield during combustion, increasing char yields as well as heat resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A2B2O7 oxides comprise four subcrystalline phase structures, which include the layered perovskite, pyrochlore, disordered defect fluorite, and rare‐earth C‐type structures. Herein, a series of A2B2O7 oxides have been synthesized using simple methods, and the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic characteristics of their subcrystalline phase structures are systematically summarized. It was found that the rA/rB ratio can be used to correctly determine the subcrystalline phase structure of the A2B2O7 oxides when the A‐site ions are rare‐earth ions. Although the A‐site ions are the main‐group metal ions, the rA/rB ratio cannot be used to accurately determine probably due to f electrons. Raman spectroscopy proves to be the most effective method for determining the subcrystalline phase structure, which is followed by XRD. The characteristic Raman spectral bands of disordered defect fluorites are closely related to their B‐site ion oxides with fluorite phase structures. For these A2B2O7 oxides with rA/rB ratios located at the edge value possessing the same elemental composition, different subcrystalline phase structures have been prepared by adopting different synthesis methods and calcination temperatures. The crystal phase of A2B2O7 oxides comprising two types of subcrystalline structures with a lower disorder degree is more stable at high temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A co-curing resin system consisting of 9368 epoxy resin for prepreg and 6808 epoxy resin for resin transfer molding (RTM) was developed. A corresponding preparation method for a novel polymer composite bolted T-joint with internal skeleton and external skin was proposed based on the prepreg-RTM co-curing process, and novel T-joints were fabricated. A series of conventional configuration T-joints based on the RTM process and T-joints made of 2A12 aluminum alloy were prepared simultaneously. Bending performances were studied on these T-joints experimentally. The results indicate that 9368 epoxy resin and 6808 epoxy resin exhibit good compatibility in rheological and thermophysical properties. The novel T-joints prepared with the prepreg-RTM co-curing process show no obvious fiber local winding or resin-rich regions inside, and the interface quality between the internal skeleton and the external skin is excellent. The main failure modes of the novel T-joint under bending load include the separation of the skin and skeleton and the fracture along the thickness on the base panel; the skeleton carries the main bending load, but there is still load transfer between external skin and internal skeleton through their interface. The internal damages of the novel T-joint are highly consistent with surface damages observed visually, facilitating the detection and timely discovery of damages. The initial stiffness, damage initiation load, and ultimate load of the novel T-joint are 1.65 times, 5.89 times, and 3.45 times that of the conventional T-joint, respectively. When considering the influence of the density, the relative initial stiffness and relative ultimate load of the novel T-joint are 1.44 times and 2.07 times that of the aluminum alloy T-joint, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ceramics / Taoci Xuebao is the property of Journal of Ceramics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The accumulation of alkali residue has led to significant contamination of soil, air, and water, posing a hazardous threat to the environment. To address this issue, a technology and method for producing alkali residue–based lightweight soil were proposed to facilitate the reuse of alkali residue, and the feasibility of this method was demonstrated. Compression tests, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were conducted to investigate the strength characteristics and hardening mechanism of the material. The results indicate that the compressive strength of the alkali residue–based lightweight soil increases linearly with wet density, age, content of portland cement, and ground granulated blast slag. The optimal water–solid ratio was determined to be 0.6. Specimens with low and high strength exhibited plastic and brittle failures, respectively. The primary contributors to the material's compressive strength were identified as hydrated calcium silicate, ettringite, monosulfur calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate, hydrated calcium aluminate, and Friedel's salt. The 28-d compressive strength of the alkali residue–based lightweight soil, with a water–solid ratio of 0.6 and a wet density of 800.0 kg/m3 , was measured to be 1.17 MPa, meeting the requirements for most filling projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a key means of protection, anti-corrosion coatings are widely used to extend the life of materials and structures and protect them from corrosion and damage. However, a single anticorrosive coating is often difficult to meet the multiple challenges in complex environments. In order to overcome the limitation of traditional anticorrosive coating, people began to seek new anticorrosive coating technology, functional composite anticorrosive coating came into being. The research progress, preparation methods, properties and practical application of anti-corrosion coatings are introduced. The types and composition of functional composite anti-corrosion coatings are described, the current status of functional composite anti-corrosion coatings is analyzed and summarized, and its application prospect is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Planting concrete (PC) is a type of sustainable concrete. It remains challenging to prepare and design a PC by considering complex factors such as voidage and alkalinity. In this paper, preparation and mix design methods of PC are reviewed and compared, with particular emphasis on the influence of various factors on permeability, mechanical properties, durability, and plant compatibility. Alkali reduction measures, vegetation testing, and plant compatibility cannot be ignored in the design of PC. 25∼30% voidage and 8–10 pH can ensure the durability of vegetation concrete, physiological characteristics of plants and fertilizer retention performance. In addition, the paper summarizes the application of PC in water purification, slope protection and green roof establishment. The cost and applicable conditions of different slope protection methods are further compared and analyzed. Finally, several essential areas that require further research efforts are suggested based on the current research results, including research direction and challenges of PC.

旨在为共轭亚麻酸（CLNA）在功能食品、保健品和药品等领域的应用提供科学的理论参考，综述了CLNA的生理功能和制备方法。CLNA具有抗癌、调节脂质代谢、抗炎、抗氧化、抗糖尿病等多种生理功能，在预防和治疗许多常见疾病中具有较大的研究潜力，特别是糖尿病、肥胖症以及乳腺癌、结肠癌等常见癌症。物理提取法制备CLNA时提取率较低，不适用于工业上大规模生产，化学合成法制备CLNA因需要底物和催化剂，后续纯化步骤烦琐，生物合成法和基因工程法可得到较高含量的CLNA，具有良好的发展前景。In order to provide scientific theoretical reference for the application of conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) in the fields of functional foods, health products and medicines, the physiological function and preparation method of CLNA were reviewed.CLNA has a variety of physiological functions such as anti-cancer, regulating lipid metabolism, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetic and so on. CLNA has great potential in the prevention and treatment of many common diseases, especially diabetes, obesity, and common cancers such as breast cancer and colon cancer. The extraction rate of CLNA prepared by physical extraction method is low, and it is not suitable for large-scale production in industry. Due to the need of substrates and catalysts, the subsequent purification step of the preparation of CLNA by chemical synthesis method is cumbersome. The microbial method and genetic engineering method can obtain a higher content of CLNA, so it has a good prospect for development.

Objective To comprehensively analyze the reported preparation methods for animal models of perimenopausal syndrome (PS), to compare the advantages and disadvantages of various preparation elements and detection indexes, so as to provide useful references for the optimization of the relevant animal models as well as the standardization of their application in the efficacy evaluation of new drugs. Methods In this paper, literature research methods were applied using "perimenopausal syndrome" as the subject term. The publication period of the literature was limited to January 2016 to February 2023. Relevant literature on the preparation of PS animal models was retrieved from databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and PubMed. After screening the experimental literature that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, detailed information on experimental animal strains, modeling methods, duration of drug administration, positive drugs, detection indexes and other relevant information were collected. After the above information was standardized, the PS animal model database was established using Excel 2010 software. The model preparation elements and evaluation indexes were summarized systematically, and the statistical results were processed and analyzed using Excel 2010 software. Results A total of 247 articles were screened. SD rats (164 times, 65.86%) and Wistar rats (35 times, 14.06%) were often used to prepare PS animal models. Bilateral ovariectomy (139 times, 53.87%) and natural aging (43 times, 16.80%) were chosen as modeling methods. The ages of rats used for modeling ranged from 7 weeks to 18 months, with 3-month-old rats (22 times, 21.78%) being the most common. The detection indexes were comprehensively evaluated from multiple perspectives, including serum biochemistry, vaginal exfoliated cell smear, histomorphology, general observation, behavioral observation, and organ tissue protein immunoblotting. Western medical evaluation indexes were commonly used to test the successful preparation of models, with vaginal exfoliated cell smears being the most frequently used method (125 times, 85.04%). A model was considered successfully prepared when estrous cycle disorder or irregularity was observed. Some literature also determined modeling success by detecting a significant decrease in serum estradiol levels (5 times, 3.04%). Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome evaluation often used a combination of Chinese and Western medical evaluation indexes for comprehensive evaluation, with researchers determining the TCM syndrome through vaginal exfoliated cell smears supplemented by general observation (3 times, 2.04%). Conclusion There are many methods for preparing PS animal models, but there are still significant differences in the selection of animal species, age, criteria for successful modeling, and TCM syndrome evaluation in the related literature.

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) materials, as third generation porous materials, have attracted much attention due to their functional properties such as high specific surface area, high stability and chemical modifiability, especially, the application of loading on various lightweight and flexible substrates is a rapidly growing field. The progress of loading MOFs on textile materials as substrate carriers was reviewed, and an introduction to the construction of fabric-based MOFs composites by solvothermal method, layer by layer method and spray printing method was given, and the application scenarios of different preparation methods were pointed out according to the differences of preparation methods. The composite mechanism of this type of material was summarized. The methods for enhancing the bonding and firmness of MOFs with substrate materials for the durability of composite materials were described. The latest research results on the application of such composites in the fields of superhydrophobic self-cleaning and self-sterilizing textiles were presented. Finally, it was pointed out that the mass production methods of fabric-based MOFs composites and their durability under real environmental conditions are the key step towards a wide range of applications, and their more integrated functions are the key direction for future research.

Alginate is one of the most abundant marine polysaccharides, which can be degraded into alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) by chemical, physical and biological methods. AOS, linear oligosaccharide composed of guluronic acid and mannuronic acid, have a variety of biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory activities, and these biological activities are closely related to their structural diversity. AOS prepared by different degradation methods have different uronic acid compositions, polymerization degrees and special structures. Therefore, exploring the structure-function relationship of AOS will help to fully understand the activity of AOS and improve its application value. In this paper, the reaction mechanisms of the various methods to prepare AOS, the structures of the resulting products, and the structure-function relationship of AOS are reviewed in order to provide a reference for further research and application of AOS.

AbstractTargeted gels have been attractive and regarded as a kind of promising adsorptive media for bioanalysis due to their advantages of high specific surface area, enough stability, and adjustable porous structure. Recently, targeted gel media have been applied for separation and enrichment of various biomolecules from different biological samples. Moreover, targeted gel media have been introduced into surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology to eliminate matrix effect for rapid and accurate analysis of biological samples. In this article, we introduced the preparation methods of targeted gel media including in-situ polymerization method, self-assembly method and one-pot method. Then, the functions of targeted gel media in bioanalysis including separation-enrichment media, SERS substrates, and target-responsive units were also reviewed in detail. Additionally, the applications of targeted gel media for biomarker analysis, bioimaging analysis and cell engineering were further discussed. Finally, we tried to elucidate the trend and perspective into the future landscape of targeted gel media for bioanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key objective of the present review was to collect the latest literature on technological advancements towards microballoons as novelistic buoyant drug delivery systems. Microballoons are hollow microspheres with a potential approach for gastric retention, offering controlled release of the drugs. It offers prominent targeting of drugs in the stomach. More significantly, it is an anticipated drug delivery system in the gastrointestinal tract’s upper section. At a high pH environment, this drug delivery system improves the solubility of less soluble drugs. It is an innovative and authenticated drug delivery system, specifically for those drugs which are unable to tolerate the acidic pH. The microballoons are developed by several techniques like Solvent Evaporation, Solvent Diffusion-Evaporation, Solvent Diffusion and Spray Drying techniques, to develop the space of empty inner core. Moreover, this manuscript covers significance, limitations, applications, list of polymers used, characterization, formulation design and evaluation parameters of microballoons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass-derived carbon materials have attracted more and more attention as efficient and cheap super--capacitor electrode materials due to their renewability and flexible microstructure tunability. However, the original biomass-derived carbon has the disadvantages of low porosity, low specific surface area and insufficient specific capacitance. The specific surface area, pore structure and conductivity of electrode materials will affect the energy storage performance of supercapacitors. Therefore, how to fabricate electrode materials with high specific capacitance, fast charge and discharge and certain flexibility has become the focus of current research. Tn this paper, the classification and energy storage mechanism of supercapacitors and the preparation methods and research status of biomass-based carbon materials are reviewed. The key performance evaluation parameters of high-quality load electrodes are analyzed, and the influencing factors of their electrochemical performance are systematically discussed. The future development trend is to integrate different types of energy storage devices into composite energy storage devices to meet the needs of various fields. Composite energy storage devices have greatly improved the comprehensive performance of supercapacitors. Therefore, the development of efficient and stable energy storage technology is of great significance for alleviating energy shortage, reducing environmental pollution and promoting sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Aeronautical Materials is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Aeronautical Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The preparation of activated carbon (AC) from agricultural and forestry wastes is one of the effective methods for resource utilization. In this study, AC was prepared from corn stalk (CS) by pyrolysis, one-step activation, and two-step activation to determine the optimum preparation method. Based on this, a single-factor design was used to investigate the influence of activating agents (KOH, NaOH, KOH/NaOH), activation temperatures (600, 700, 800 °C), and activation times (60, 90, 120 min) on the physicochemical properties of AC. The physicochemical properties of AC were characterized by Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results showed that the AC obtained by the one-step activation method (KOH, 800 °C, 120 min) exhibited a rich pore structure and excellent electrochemical properties (Ipa = 159.8 μA, Ipc = −169.5 μA). However, for the two-step activation method, the AC exhibited a poor pore structure and electrochemical properties (Ipa = 130.8 μA, Ipc = −129.9 μA). In addition, one-step activation provides high-quality AC in a shorter activation time than two-step activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS), also known as xylo-oligosaccharides or oligosaccharides, is a class of short chain polymers with prebiotic activity, consisting of 2~7 xyloses connected by β -1, 4 glucoside bonds. XOS has the characteristics of low calorific value and strong stability, which makes XOS difficult to be recognized and decomposed by digestive enzymes in the animal intestine, but it can be decomposed and utilized by beneficial bacteria in the intestine. XOS comes from a wide range of sources, has no toxic side effects, and can improve the activity of Bifidobacterium in the intestine. As a green functional oligosaccharide, XOS is widely used in medicine, agriculture, feed, food, and so on. XOS has the physiological functions of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, regulating blood sugar, antioxidant, and so on, which has great application potential in animal production. Based on the research progress of XOS at home and abroad, the preparation methods of XOS were summarized, and the practical application of XOS in animal production was reviewed in combination with its physiological functions, so as to provide a reference for the rational utilization of XOS in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Environment-responsive hydrogels are environmentally friendly polymeric materials that rapidly respond to their environment by changing their volume or strength when the external environment, such as temperature, pH, light, and magnetism, changes. As environment-responsive hydrogels, they are uniquely flexible and sensitive, enabling them to be used in various applications, and are now at the forefront of polymer science research. Scholars have reviewed more environmentresponsive hydrogels in biomedicine, detection sensors, and drug release. We present a detailed description of the reaction mechanism and preparation process of environment-responsive hydrogels, taking temperature-responsive, pH-responsive, and light-responsive hydrogels as examples. Finally, a summary is given at the end: 1) the application of environmentally responsive hydrogels in agriculture, and 2) the problems and future trends of their application in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]