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Background: China has the highest number of people with dementia globally, and the responsibility of caring for people with dementia primarily falls on relatives, who bear heavy caregiving burdens and pressure. Providing care for an individual with dementia is emotionally and physically demanding, particularly due to the frequent manifestation of behavioral and psychological symptoms associated with dementia (BPSD). This underscores the crucial need to comprehend and address caregivers' emotional expression (EE). Aim: To explore the characteristics of relatives with high expressed emotion of people with dementia and related factors in mainland China. Methods: A survey using cross-sectional questionnaires conducted with 165 relatives of individuals with dementia in China. Results: A significant number of relatives had high EE (n = 61, 39%). The variation in EE, about 37.8%, is explained by seven independent variables. The proportion of psychological distress among relatives in EE variation is 14.5%. (b = 0.387, p < 0.001). Length of care-taking, active coping, and chronic diseases accounted for 6.5% (b = 0.264, p < 0.001), 5.1% (b=-0.239, p = 0.001) and 4.1% (b = 0.211, p = 0.002) of the variance in EE, respectively. Conclusions: Chinese health care providers can identify high-risk groups for assistance based on the severity of dementia, age, health status and duration of care. Enhancing coping styles and alleviating emotional distress among relatives could be advantageous in decreasing EE. Clinical evidence: Understanding the risk factors for high EE in different cultures can help guide practice on a global scale to improve the quality of life of people with dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used for their aesthetic and performance-enhancing effects and are associated with physical and psychological side effects. Behavioural changes/side effects as mood swings, aggressiveness, depression, potency problems, anxiety, and emotional coldness have been reported by next of kin to people using AAS. Methods: This phenomenological study is based on the reflective lifeworld research approach. Interviews were conducted with twelve next of kin about their experiences of living close to persons using AAS. Results: Next of kin to persons using AAS are particularly vulnerable because they experience little opportunity to influence their situation. Their given and safe context is lost, and their lives are circumscribed by feelings of insecurity, fear, powerlessness, and grief. Feelings of loneliness develop when their problems are not noticed by others and support is lacking from family and society. Conclusions: Our research adds important knowledge on how the use of AAS affects next of kin. Understanding is required to approach the lifeworld of next of kin with flexibility and empathy in their difficulties and vulnerability. Healthcare professionals and other concerned professions need to be aware of next of kin existential needs to be able to meet and support them in their life situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background China has the highest number of people with dementia globally, and the responsibility of caring for people with dementia primarily falls on relatives, who bear heavy caregiving burdens and pressure. Providing care for an individual with dementia is emotionally and physically demanding, particularly due to the frequent manifestation of behavioral and psychological symptoms associated with dementia (BPSD). This underscores the crucial need to comprehend and address caregivers’ emotional expression (EE). Aim To explore the characteristics of relatives with high expressed emotion of people with dementia and related factors in mainland China. Methods A survey using cross-sectional questionnaires conducted with 165 relatives of individuals with dementia in China. Results A significant number of relatives had high EE (n = 61, 39%). The variation in EE, about 37.8%, is explained by seven independent variables. The proportion of psychological distress among relatives in EE variation is 14.5%. (b = 0.387, p

The last of Cassian's Conferences may be regarded as the culmination of his spiritual teaching. In the 24th Conference, Cassian develops the theme of the inner and outer dimensions of ascetic mortification and the experience of relationships with those closest to the members of the communities, i.e. their parents and relatives. Cassian also arrives at a balanced assessment of the two forms of monastic life: in a hermitage and in a cenobium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Zayandehroud River is one of the most important permanent freshwater rivers in the central part of Iran. Studying aquatic organisms, especially endogenous fishes, could be useful for understanding biological and ecological processes. Among the fishes in the Zayandehroud River, Dori bleak, Alburnus doriae and Brond Snout, Chondrostoma regium, belong to the Cyprinidae family. They exist in this river in the middle and upper parts with sand and gravel habitat. They usually feed on insects and other aquatic invertebrates. The gut content analysis is one of the most widely used methods for identifying fish's food and feeding habits. Studying the diet contents is the main key to understanding many aspects of biology, ecology, physiology, and behavior of fishes. In addition, the nutritional position in the ecosystem, feeding habits, and relationship with other species could be influenced by dietary regimes in the aquatic resources. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of diet and feeding habits by analyzing the gut contents of A. doriae and C. regium and measuring some nutritional indicators. The findings of this study could be used to protect biodiversity and provide a better understanding of the structure of food web in Zayandehroud River. Materials and methods: Fish sampling and some physicochemical water parameters were carried out seasonally during the spring, summer, autumn, and winter of 2012 from two sampling areas of Cheshme Dimeh and Khersonek of Zayandehroud River. After separation, the eaten food items were identified and classified, counted, and weighed at the lowest possible systematic level using identification keys of aquatic invertebrates. The indicators of the vacuity index, relative length of gut, and Ivlev's electivity index were used to check the nutritional conditions and determine the importance of different food groups. The obtained data was analyzed using SAS 9.3 and Excel 2013 statistical software. In addition, the changes in the vacuity index were determined using the chi-square test. The One-Way ANOVA was used to determine data statistically significant differences. Results and Discussion: The vacuity index was 11.5% for A. doriae and 24% for C. regium. The highest value of this index for both species was in autumn, while the lowest in winter. This index significantly differed throughout the year for both species (P<0.05). The average relative length of gut was 0.73 ± 0.08 and 1.36 ± 0.24 for A. doriae and C. regium, respectively. There was no significant difference between the relative length of the gut in different age groups throughout the year in both fish species (P<0.05). The Ivlev's electivity index showed that A. doriae had a greater tendency to feed on the Odonata, Plecoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Arachnida, and Hirudinea, while C. regium had a higher feed tendency for Plecoptera, Odonata, Ephemeroptera, and Hirudinea. The seasonal changes in the nutritional indexes could be related to food availability in the environment. In addition, high values of the vacuity index in fish can be changed by daily feeding of fish, reproductive activity, and prey availability. The relative length of the gut varies according to the type of food consumed by the fish, the amount of plant material in the diet, the species, and different life stages of the fish. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that A. doriae and C. regium are carnivorous and omnivorous, respectively. A. doriae prefers insects, but C. regium consumes mostly insects and filamentous algae as the preferred food. The seasonal differences in these two species' diets occur due to differences in food selection in Zayandehroud River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to explore the place of the relative in these triadic consultations and how this influences communication. Methods: A mixed-methods research strategy was used. Triadic consultations for the announcement of cancer progression were recorded and following the 3 participants completed questionnaires comprising mirror-items. Recordings and answers were further investigated in a few semi-structured interviews. Comparison of quantitative responses (questionnaires) used Wilcoxon's test for matched series. Qualitative analyses (consultations, interviews) used grounded theory. Patients were over 18, followed for cancer in palliative phase, excluding brain tumors and malignant hemopathies, and presented renewed disease progression. Relatives were over 18 and authorized by the patient to participate. Results: 47 consultations (audio-recordings, answers to questionnaires) and 12 interviews conducted separately with 4 triads were collected. Half the relatives, while remaining in the background, nevertheless contributed to the discussion. For patients, the presence of a relative was considered beneficial and for oncologists it facilitated the announcement. However, symptoms perceived as intimate or private appeared difficult to express for some patients, and for relatives, prognosis was a difficult subject to broach. Although their relationship with time and their expectations may differ, patients and relatives found consultations positive. Oncologists appeared to underestimate the patient's level of understanding (P <0.001) and perceptions of the seriousness of the disease (P =0.009) but not those of relatives. They did not evaluate the relative's state of health and check what the dyad had retained. Significance of results: Training via simulation sessions should be adapted to communication involving relatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Minor physical anomalies (MPAs) are anatomical variations that are markers of aberrant early neurodevelopment. Schizophrenia is associated with increased MPA frequency, however, the frequency and distribution of MPAs exhibit substantial heterogeneity in schizophrenia and are not exclusive to this disorder. MPAs at different localizations might represent different developmental origins and might be related to latent genetic predisposition or vulnerability to develop full-blown psychosis. Therefore, we conducted a thorough review of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) in schizophrenia (Sch) and first-degree relatives (SchRel). Analyzing 52 studies published from January 1980 to October 2023, the meta-analysis compared MPA scores between 3780 schizophrenia patients and 3871 controls, as well as 1415 SchRel and 1569 controls. The total MPA score was significantly increased in schizophrenia compared to controls (g = 0.78 [0.63–0.93], p <0.001). In regional MPA meta-analyses, effect sizes ranged from 0.56 to 0.78. The difference between SchRel and controls was moderate (g = 0.44 [0.28–0.61], p <0.001). When individual MPA items were analyzed separately, fine electric hair, malformed ear, asymmetrical ear, curved 5th finger were anomalies that were shared between both schizophrenia and SchRel. Also, direct comparisons of the frequency of MPAs in schizophrenia and their relatives were conducted. Additionally, the early age of onset of schizophrenia was associated with mouth anomalies (Z =-2.13, p = 0.03), and ear anomalies were associated with a higher percentage of males in the schizophrenia group (Z = 2.64, p = 0.008). These findings support the notion that different MPAs might be associated with genetic susceptibility as well as vulnerability to developing full-blown psychosis. Studies investigating clinical and neurobiological correlates of MPAs in schizophrenia might be helpful in characterizing subtypes of psychoses that are associated with different developmental processes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundShort and long-term health consequences surrounding Low Energy Availability can be mitigated by recognizing the risk factors and making early diagnosis of the Female Athlete Triad (Triad) and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). While awareness of the Triad among physicians and allied health professionals has been studied, there are very few studies that assess physician awareness of both the Triad and RED-S.MethodsOur study assesses Low Energy Availability, the Triad, and RED-S knowledge with an electronic survey, educational handout, and follow up survey among physicians across multiple specialties at a single academic institution.ResultsAmong 161 respondents, respective Triad and RED-S awareness among surveyed specialties was highest in Orthopedic surgeons (100%, 100%), followed by Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (70%, 53%), Family Medicine (67%, 48%), Internal Medicine (54%, 36%), Obstetrics and Gynecology (46%, 32%), Pediatrics (45%, 29%), Endocrinology (33%, 33%), and Other (33%, 33%). Comparing the initial survey results to the follow-up survey results, there was an increase from 37 to 72% of physicians who correctly identified that the presence of low BMI or recent weight loss is not a required component of the Triad or RED-S. Both the initial and follow-up survey revealed a continued misperception surrounding the use of hormonal contraception to resume menstrual cycles, with 33% of physicians on initial survey and 44% of physicians on follow-up survey incorrectly answering that question.ConclusionsMultidisciplinary physicians have various levels of knowledge surrounding the Triad and RED-S, and there is a need for improved physician awareness, diagnosis, and treatment of the Triad and RED-S. Misperceptions exist surrounding the role of hormonal contraception in female athletes with the Triad and RED-S to regain and regulate menses.

Insulin resistance (IR) is reportedly high in individuals with obesity and relatives of patients with diabetes. However, there is a paucity of data on its prevalence in first-degree relatives of obese individuals. The study aimed to determine whether nonobese, normotensive and euglycemic first-degree relatives of obese individuals differ in IR from controls. This cross-sectional study compared 35 first-degree, nonobese, normotensive, euglycemic relatives of obese individuals with 35 age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) matched first-degree relatives of normotensive, euglycemic, nonobese individuals. More than 1/3rd of subjects in the study group had IR as compared to the control group [34% (95% CI: 21–51) vs. 14% (6–9); p=0.05]. It highlights an important trend of higher IR in first-degree relatives of the at-risk populations. Hyperinsulinemia was also higher in the study group (37% vs. 17%). Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and serum insulin levels were higher in the group with IR [47% vs. 9.4%; p=0.001 (IFG) and 184 vs. 114 (serum insulin); p<0.0001). We observed a high proportion of healthy relatives of individuals with obesity to have IR. There is a need to closely monitor these apparently healthy individuals for the development of diabetes mellitus. Our findings are exploratory and provide novel information that needs further confirmation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: (a) To investigate support for caregivers of people diagnosed with stroke, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dementia, or heart disease provided across healthcare settings in Denmark; (b) to assess differences in caregiver support across diagnoses and settings. Methods: A cross-sectional nationwide survey among professionals representing healthcare settings at municipalities (n = 479) and hospital wards and outpatient clinics (n = 425). The survey assessed identification of caregivers and support initiatives. Results: The response rate was 81% for municipalities and 49% for hospitals. Identification of caregivers was frequent in dementia care (81% and 100%) and less frequent in COPD care (58% and 64%) in municipalities and hospitals, respectively. Caregiver support differed significantly across diagnoses within municipalities (p = 0.009) and hospitals (p < 0.001). Systematic identification of vulnerable caregivers was <25% for all diagnoses except dementia. The most common support initiatives involving caregivers were primarily aimed at the ill person and included guidance about the disease and consequences for everyday life and lifestyle changes. Caregivers were least involved in support initiatives addressing physical training, work retention, sexuality, or cohabitation. Conclusions: Disparities and significant differences across diagnoses exist in the identification of caregivers and the provision of support initiatives. Support initiatives involving caregivers primarily targeted patients. Future studies should investigate how caregivers' needs can be met across different diagnoses and healthcare settings and investigate potential changes in caregivers' needs during disease trajectories. In clinical practice, identification of vulnerable caregivers should be a major focus, and disease-specific clinical guidelines may be required to ensure sufficient support for caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a new technique for evaluating the target satellite's relative states in the analysis of cluster satellite motion is presented. Within closed constellation architectures, various techniques for sensor selection are employed to analyze the motion of target satellites. Alongside Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)-based sensors, the utilization of visual-based sensors has witnessed significant adoption, particularly in tandem with advancements in technology. This study aims to address the computational complexity and challenges associated with line-ofsight vector calculations by proposing a directed and color-coded light source approach as a solution to overcome the difficulties encountered with visual-based sensors.

The aim of this paper is the study of Claudia Saturnina and her family. A funeral inscription offers much information about this woman and her mother, her stepfather, her contubernalis and her verna. Furthermore, she was presented in the epitaph as the mamma of one of his freedmen. Who was she? What were her origins? What role did she have in her family? What did the term mamma mean in this context? Such questions will be answered on this article.

Antisaccade, which is described as looking at the opposite location of the target, is an eye movements paradigm used for assessing cognitive functions in schizophrenia. Initiation and sustainment of saccades in antisaccade are managed by frontal and parietal cortical areas. Antisaccade abnormalities are well-established findings in schizophrenia. However, studies in the early phases of psychotic disorders and clinical/familial risk for psychosis reported inconsistent findings. The current systematic review aimed to review the results of studies investigating antisaccade error rates in first-episode psychosis (FEP), individuals with ultra-high-risk for psychosis (UHR P), and familial-high-risk for psychosis (FHR P) compared to healthy controls. A meta-analysis of 17 studies was conducted to quantitatively review antisaccade errors in FEP, UHR-P and FHR P. The error rate (Hedges'g) was compared between the total of 860 FEP, UHR P, FHR P, and 817 healthy controls. Hedges' g for effect size, I2 for estimating the percentage of variability, and publication bias were evaluated through the R software. The outcomes of this meta-analysis suggested that FEP is associated with a robust deficit in the antisaccade error rate (g = 1.16, CI = 0.95–1.38). Additionally, both the clinical and familial high-risk groups showed small but significant increases in AS errors (g = 0.26, CI = 0.02–0.52 and g = 0.34, CI = 0.13–0.55, respectively). The large effect size estimated for FEP was compatible with previously reported results in chronic schizophrenia patients. Additionally, relatives had abnormalities with small to medium effect sizes and significant differences. The current findings suggest that antisaccade errors might be a potential endophenotype for psychotic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main effects of climate change is rising sea levels, which presents challenges due to its geographically heterogenous nature. Often, contradictory results arise from examining different sources of measurement and time spans. This study addresses these issues by analysing both long-term (1995–2022) and decadal (2000–2009 and 2010–2019) sea-level trends in the Baltic Sea. Two independent sources of data, which consist of 13 tide gauge (TG) stations and multi-mission along-track satellite altimetry (SA), are utilized to calculate sea-level trends using the ordinary least-squares method. Given that the Baltic Sea is influenced by geographically varying vertical land motion (VLM), both relative sea level (RSL) and absolute sea level (ASL) trends were examined for the long-term assessment. The results for the long-term ASL show estimates for TG and SA to be 3.3 mm/yr and 3.9 mm/yr, respectively, indicating agreement between sources. Additionally, the comparison of long-term RSL ranges from −2 to 4.5 mm/yr, while ASL varies between 2 and 5.4 mm/yr, as expected due to the VLM. Spatial variation in long-term ASL trends is observed, with higher rates in the northern and eastern regions. Decadal sea-level trends show higher rates, particularly the decade 2000–2009. Comparison with other available sea-level datasets (gridded models) yields comparable results. Therefore, this study evaluates the ability of SA as a reliable source for determining reginal sea-level trends in comparison with TG data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author discusses the issue of the understanding of so-called relationes secundum dici in St. Thomas Aquinas’ metaphysical thought. This is a specific type of relations with which commentators and continuators of Aquinas’ philosophy have usually had some difficulties. The very name of the relations – relationes secundum dici – has caused problems, since, at first sight, it indicates that at stake there is just a problem of predication about things (beings) and it has nothing to do with the ontic problem of the beingness of being as such. Until now, there has been no common agreement as to how we should interpret the kind of relations under discussion. And the issue is extremely important, since this is a key element of St. Thomas’ metaphysics, because it is the interpretation of secundum dici relations that the solution of many basic metaphysical questions depends on. In the article, an attempt is made to reach an understanding of secundum dici relations – i.e., the understanding of St. Thomas himself. At the beginning, some of Aquinas’ statements are presented in which he directly speaks about secundum dici relations. Next, the most prominent interpretations of these relations throughout the history of philosophy are sketched. Finally, the author tries to specify how the secundum dici relations should be understood.

Abstract Aim Our aim was to gain insight into how the relatives of family members with dementia have experienced their family members' transition from home to permanent nursing home placement. Design Our research was a qualitative case study. Methods Inspired by Kvale and Brinkmann's phenomenological‐hermeneutic approach, we performed the thematic analysis of semi‐structured interviews describing how the relatives of family members with dementia have experienced the dementia trajectory. Results Twelve relatives of family members with dementia living in nursing homes agreed to participate. The descriptions of relatives' experiences indicated four primary themes: mismatches between healthcare services and the family members' needs, witnessing the family members' cognitive decline, the effects of the experiences on the relatives' health and well‐being and what matters to the relatives during their family members' transition to nursing home. Mismatches between available resources in the municipalities and the family members' healthcare needs were the most distressing experiences, along with the family members' gradual cognitive decline. In response, the relatives stressed individualized support, continuity in follow‐up care and regular information‐sharing between them and staff members caring for their family members. They also highlighted the importance of facilitating seamless transitions from home to nursing homes.

We consider stratifying ideals of finite dimensional algebras in relation with Morita contexts. A Morita context is an algebra built on a data consisting of two algebras, two bimodules and two morphisms. For a strongly stratifying Morita context - or equivalently for a strongly stratifying ideal - we show that Han's conjecture holds if and only if it holds for the diagonal subalgebra. The main tool is the Jacobi-Zariski long exact sequence. One of the main consequences is that Han's conjecture holds for an algebra admitting a strongly (co-)stratifying chain whose steps verify Han's conjecture. If Han's conjecture is true for local algebras and an algebra Λ admits a primitive strongly (co-)stratifying chain, then Han's conjecture holds for Λ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence of continuous deep sedation (CDS) has more than doubled over the last decade in The Netherlands, while reasons for this increase are not fully understood. Patients and relatives have an essential role in deciding on CDS. We hypothesize that the increase in CDS practice is related to the changing role of patients and relatives in deciding on CDS. Objective: To describe perceptions and experiences of patients and relatives with regard to CDS. This insight may help professionals and policymakers to better understand and respond to the evolving practice of CDS. Methods: Qualitative interviews were held with patients and relatives who had either personal experience with CDS as a relative or had contemplated CDS for themselves. Results: The vast majority of respondents appreciated CDS as a palliative care option, and none of the respondents reported (moral) objections to CDS. The majority of respondents prioritized avoiding suffering at the end of life. The patients and families generally considered CDS a palliative care option for which they can choose. Likewise, according to our respondents, the decision to start CDS was made by them, instead of the physician. Negative experiences with CDS care were mostly related to loss of sense of agency, due to insufficient communication or information provision by healthcare professionals. Lack of continuity of care was also a source of distress. We observed a variety in the respondents' understanding of the distinction between CDS and other end‐of‐life care decisions, including euthanasia. Some perceived CDS as hastening death. Conclusion: The traditional view of CDS as a last resort option for a physician to relieve a patient's suffering at the end of life is not explicit among patients and relatives. Instead, our results show that they perceive CDS as a regular palliative care option. Along with this normalization of CDS, patients and relatives claim a substantial say in the decision‐making and are mainly motivated by a wish to avoid suffering and exercise control at the end of life. These distinct views on CDS of patients, their relatives and healthcare providers should be reconciled in guidelines and protocols for CDS. Patient or Public Contribution: One of the authors in our team (G. H.) has experience with CDS as a relative and ensured that the patient/relative viewpoint was adequately reflected in the design and conduct of our study. In the preliminary phase of our study, G. H. adjusted the topic list so it was better adapted to the current practice of CDS. During the data analysis, G. H. read several interviews and took part in the open and critical discussion on central themes and core concepts as an important member of the author team, thereby guaranteeing the central position of the patient/relative perspective in our final research outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a new technique for evaluating the target satellite's relative states in the analysis of cluster satellite motion is presented. Within closed constellation architectures, various techniques for sensor selection are employed to analyze the motion of target satellites. Alongside Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)-based sensors, the utilization of visual-based sensors has witnessed significant adoption, particularly in tandem with advancements in technology. This study aims to address the computational complexity and challenges associated with line-ofsight vector calculations by proposing a directed and color-coded light source approach as a solution to overcome the difficulties encountered with visual-based sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The shoulder rotator cuff (RC) is crucial to shoulder function and involvement in shoulder pathology. RC tears have been extensively studied, and several classifications have been devised to quantify their magnitude. Various RC measurement techniques were introduced previously, utilizing cadaveric specimens, X-rays, CT scans, and MRI with different results published regarding humeral heads' different plane diameters and the correlation to age, gender, and height. There are very few studies measuring RC length in the general population. Purpose: We aimed to assess the geometrical relation between rotator cuff tendon length and humeral head sagittal and axial diameters. Methods: A total of 100 shoulder MRI scans of labral tear-suspected patients were reviewed, and the geometrical parameters of the rotator cuff length and proximal humerus sagittal and axial diameters were measured. Results: The healthy population has wide variability in humeral diameter and rotator cuff length. We found a high correlation between humeral head sagittal and axial plane diameters and the rotator cuff tendon dimension. The orthogonal plane diameters disagree with the humeral head being round but rather spheric. The rotator cuff length changes according to the patient's gender and height. Conclusion: This is a novel method for rotator cuff measurement, description, and classification according to the percentage of tear instead of length (cm). This method is more clinically oriented and relevant than most other previous methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to analyze the chronology of the Puruha culture through the archaeological interventions published by Jacinto Jijón y Caamaño and the surveys carried out during the last six years by the Puruha Research Group of the National University of Chimborazo, Ecuador. We proceeded to the emptying of the bibliography related to this issue and to the study of the materials from recent prospections. As a result, two relative chronology tables are presented, one based on Jijón and the other proposed by the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to determine consumers' perceptions of Islamic banking. Research should focus on identifying variables that influence bank selection, such as convenience, service quality, bank reputation, and religion. These factors affect Islamic finance acceptance. This study uses descriptive methodology to examine variables related to the current situation. This study surveyed 300 Islamic banking clients in Bahawalpur area of Punjab, Pakistan. This study indicates that religious conviction has a positive and significant effect on Islamic banking acceptability. This study contributes to the understanding of the factors influencing Islamic banking acceptability. In addition to reputation, there is a positive correlation between acceptance of Islamic banking and other characteristics (e.g., quality of service, ease of use, family, and friend relationships). Based on the findings of this research, Islamic banks will be in a position to identify variables that influence customer selection criteria. Further, research funding and time are limited, making it difficult to conduct broader research. It is particularly interesting that this study focuses on a region of Bahawalpur in the southern Punjab region; while recent studies have looked at entire nations, this study focuses on a region of southern Punjab. We will be able to determine how different variables influence Islamic banking acceptance based on the results of this study. Additionally, we will be able to assess the adaptations Islamic banks will need to make. The purpose of this study is to assist organizations in improving their operations as a means of increasing client loyalty. As a result of this research, the industry will be in a position to develop and implement effective strategies to operate in the southern Punjab region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malin Aspö,1,2 Leonie NC Visser,1,3,4 Miia Kivipelto,1,2,5,6 Anne-Marie Boström,2,6,7 Berit Seiger Cronfalk7 1Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 2Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; 3Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 4Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Quality of Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 5Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; 6Stockholms Sjukhem, Research & Development Unit, Stockholm, Sweden; 7Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenCorrespondence: Malin Aspö, Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 64, Sweden, Tel +4672-582 32 39, Email malin.aspo@ki.sePurpose: Dementia is often associated with old age but can also occur in midlife. The latter is commonly referred to as young-onset dementia (YOD). The diagnosis not only has an impact on the persons with YOD but also on their family members. For family members, the diagnosis changes their lives, as responsibilities and roles alter when the care and wellbeing of the relative increasingly come into focus. The aim of this study was to explore family members’ experiences of sharing lives with a relative diagnosed with YOD – from onset of symptoms until the person relocated to a nursing home.Patients and Methods: The study has a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews. In total, the study included 15 family members aged ≥ 18 years participated, all with a relative diagnosed with dementia before the age of 65. At the time of the interview, all had a relative living in a nursing home. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Two key themes were identified: Becoming responsible and Dealing with the situation. Family members found themselves increasingly responsible for many parts of their relatives’ lives and forced to make decisions on their behalf. This was experienced as being lonely, as family members wished to share their responsibility. Despite of their efforts to control and deal with their situation, family members reported a lack of power to influence certain factors, such as access to appropriate healthcare services, causing feelings of distress.Conclusion: These findings emphasize the need of improved and tailored support and guidance for family members of persons with YOD. Further, the findings highlight the importance of increased knowledge and awareness among social workers and other healthcare professionals regarding support to family members of persons with YOD.Keywords: YOD, relative, psychosocial support, qualitative, health care system

Background: Teenage pregnancy remains a global problem because of its consequences for the teenager, her child, her family, and society. In Haiti, this type of pregnancy burdens the family economy. In addition, the adolescent fertility rate is still high, despite efforts to reduce it. Objective: This article aims to analyze the perception and experiential experience of relatives of pregnant adolescents in Haiti. Methods: A qualitative study design based on Dewey's social survey was conducted. Data were collected from 17 relatives (partners, parents, guardians, and others) of pregnant adolescents in Haiti's North and Northeast departments. These data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: According to the results, teenage pregnancy is seen as a disaster or a social problem in Haiti. It leads to many psychosocial and economic difficulties for the relatives, who are the only source of economic and social support for pregnant adolescents. Conclusion: Considering the vulnerability of relatives, policies, and interventions aimed at reducing the negative consequences of teenage pregnancy should consider this group of individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: Our aim was to gain insight into how the relatives of family members with dementia have experienced their family members' transition from home to permanent nursing home placement. Design: Our research was a qualitative case study. Methods: Inspired by Kvale and Brinkmann's phenomenological‐hermeneutic approach, we performed the thematic analysis of semi‐structured interviews describing how the relatives of family members with dementia have experienced the dementia trajectory. Results: Twelve relatives of family members with dementia living in nursing homes agreed to participate. The descriptions of relatives' experiences indicated four primary themes: mismatches between healthcare services and the family members' needs, witnessing the family members' cognitive decline, the effects of the experiences on the relatives' health and well‐being and what matters to the relatives during their family members' transition to nursing home. Mismatches between available resources in the municipalities and the family members' healthcare needs were the most distressing experiences, along with the family members' gradual cognitive decline. In response, the relatives stressed individualized support, continuity in follow‐up care and regular information‐sharing between them and staff members caring for their family members. They also highlighted the importance of facilitating seamless transitions from home to nursing homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Short and long-term health consequences surrounding Low Energy Availability can be mitigated by recognizing the risk factors and making early diagnosis of the Female Athlete Triad (Triad) and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). While awareness of the Triad among physicians and allied health professionals has been studied, there are very few studies that assess physician awareness of both the Triad and RED-S. Methods Our study assesses Low Energy Availability, the Triad, and RED-S knowledge with an electronic survey, educational handout, and follow up survey among physicians across multiple specialties at a single academic institution. Results Among 161 respondents, respective Triad and RED-S awareness among surveyed specialties was highest in Orthopedic surgeons (100%, 100%), followed by Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (70%, 53%), Family Medicine (67%, 48%), Internal Medicine (54%, 36%), Obstetrics and Gynecology (46%, 32%), Pediatrics (45%, 29%), Endocrinology (33%, 33%), and Other (33%, 33%). Comparing the initial survey results to the follow-up survey results, there was an increase from 37 to 72% of physicians who correctly identified that the presence of low BMI or recent weight loss is not a required component of the Triad or RED-S. Both the initial and follow-up survey revealed a continued misperception surrounding the use of hormonal contraception to resume menstrual cycles, with 33% of physicians on initial survey and 44% of physicians on follow-up survey incorrectly answering that question. Conclusions Multidisciplinary physicians have various levels of knowledge surrounding the Triad and RED-S, and there is a need for improved physician awareness, diagnosis, and treatment of the Triad and RED-S. Misperceptions exist surrounding the role of hormonal contraception in female athletes with the Triad and RED-S to regain and regulate menses.

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to explore how patients with neurological disease experienced a COVID‐19 visitor ban and to identify ways of improving the quality of care. Background In March 2020, a temporary visitor ban was introduced in Danish hospitals to reduce the spread of COVID‐19. This led to changes in clinical practice, leaving patients without their loved ones beside them. Since neurological patients are already considered vulnerable due to physical, and sometimes cognitive impairment, we urgently wished to investigate these circumstances to facilitate appropriate support. Design This study was conducted using a qualitative explorative design. Methods Fourteen patients with neurological disease were interviewed using a semi‐structured interview guide. Data were analysed through inductive thematic analysis. Results For most patients, being hospitalized during the COVID‐19 visitor ban was a painful experience with the potential to negatively influence both their mental and physical health.

Objective To explore the relationship between chronic comorbidity and the physical and mental health of relatives of elderly people during the nursing home confinement, and to analyze the mediating effects of perceived stress and intolerance of uncertainty in this context. Methods A total of 568 family members of elderly people in nine elderly institutions in Shaanxi Province were selected. The survey included the short version of the Perceived Stress Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, and The World Health Organization-5 Well-being Index. The data were analyzed with Stata for correlation and mediation effects. Results The comorbidities of chronic diseases was positively correlated with the perceived stress (r=0.16, P<0.001) and intolerance of uncertainty (r= 0.11, P=0.006) of the family members, but negatively correlated with the physical and mental health of the family members (r=-0.13, P=0.002). The mediating effect of perceived stress between chronic disease co-morbidity and physical and mental health of family members in older adults was -0.023, accounting for 18.8% of the total effect; the mediating effect of intolerance of uncertainty between chronic disease co-morbidity and physical and mental health of family members in older adults was -0.041, accounting for 33.5% of the total effect. Conclusion During closed management in a nursing facility, the physical and mental health of family members of older adults with chronic co-morbidities poorer than that of family members of non-chronic co-morbidities. And it can lead to a decline in physical and mental health of family members through increased perceived stress and intolerance of uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anorexia nervosa is a severe and potentially life-threatening disorder. However, although the role of parents in treatment is now clearly recognized and therapeutic groups for parents have been used for years, there are but few existent studies concerning their organisation and effectiveness. The objectives of this study were, on the one hand, to evaluate the parents' and therapists' subjective experience of these groups through a systematic review of the literature, and on the other hand, to assess the state of current practices in France using an online questionnaire. The Medline and Web of Science databases were systematically searched. French practices were explored through a questionnaire sent by e-mail to French units treating patients suffering from anorexia nervosa. Eleven studies were identified, ten of which used only subjective assessment without a control group. They all converged toward the same conclusion: therapeutic groups are perceived, by parents and therapists, as an interesting option in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. The group process allows parents to gain insight into their family dynamics. Therefore, they were able to replicate at home what they have learned during the sessions. The evaluation of French practices showed that one third of the units used a therapeutic group. The frequency and duration of the sessions were relatively homogenous: 75.7% were held once a month or every two months and the average duration was 90 minutes. Other characteristics of the groups were more heterogeneous. While the level of evidence supporting the use of therapeutic groups for parents of patients with anorexia nervosa is low, the perceived effectiveness of these groups is high, both among parents and therapists, and they are commonly used in France. Further research is needed to evaluate their effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThere are few reports of the association of other cancers with Ewing sarcoma in patients and their relatives. We use a resource combining statewide genealogy and cancer reporting to provide unbiased risks.MethodsUsing a combined genealogy of 2.3 million Utah individuals and the Utah Cancer Registry (UCR), relative risks (RRs) for cancers of other sites were estimated in 143 Ewing sarcoma patients using a Cox proportional hazards model with matched controls; however, risks in relatives were estimated using internal cohort-specific cancer rates in first-, second-, and third-degree relatives.ResultsCancers of three sites (breast, brain, complex genotype/karyotype sarcoma) were observed in excess in Ewing sarcoma patients. No Ewing sarcoma patients were identified among first-, second-, or third-degree relatives of Ewing sarcoma patients. Significantly increased risk for brain, lung/bronchus, female genital, and prostate cancer was observed in first-degree relatives. Significantly increased risks were observed in second-degree relatives for breast cancer, nonmelanoma eye cancer, malignant peripheral nerve sheath cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and translocation sarcomas. Significantly increased risks for stomach cancer, prostate cancer, and acute lymphocytic leukemia were observed in third-degree relatives.ConclusionsThis analysis of risk for cancer among Ewing sarcoma patients and their relatives indicates evidence for some increased cancer predisposition in this population which can be used to individualize consideration of potential treatment of patients and screening of patients and relatives.

Background: Family members play an important role in caring for state patients during their admission to a psychiatric hospital. They receive limited support from the multidisciplinary team because they do not have a relationship that will promote the families to verbalise their thoughts, rather the interaction that the multidisciplinary team and family members share is about the admitted state patient. Aim: This article explored and described the experiences of family members who have a relative admitted as a state patient in a psychiatric hospital. Based on the findings, specific recommendations were provided to facilitate the mental health of state patients’ family members in the future. Setting: The study was conducted in participants’ homes; only one interview took place in the psychiatric hospital when the family member came to meet the multidisciplinary team. Methods: The study employed a qualitative, exploratory and contextual research design. Family members’ lived experiences were explored using in-depth phenomenological interviews and later analysed. Results: The findings indicated family members experienced negative feelings, a sincere desire to support their relatives and a great need to share information and knowledge about mental illness. Conclusion: The study indicated that state patients’ family members’ mental health should be focused on to improve their understanding of mental illness. Contribution: The findings of this study call for collaboration between the family members, the police and multidisciplinary teams from the hospitals, the mental health awareness and counselling for families.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the levels of burden, social support, and mental health among Thai relatives of individuals with depression, and to explore factors associations with the burden. Material and Methods: From March to July 2022, a cross-sectional study surveyed Thai relatives of individuals with depression at Songklanagarind Hospital. The questionnaires inquired about 1) demographic data, 2) Zarit burden interview- Thai version, 3) Thai version General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), and 4) Revised Thai Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (rMSPSS). The data were analyzed using the descriptive statistic method, and multiple logistic regression. Results: There were 139 relatives of individuals with depression who participated in this study. The majority of them were female (69.1%) with a mean age of 49.8±12.6 years. According to the Thai GHQ-28, most participants (90.6%) had no probable psychiatric or psychological distress. Most of them (86.3%) had little or no burden. There were no participants who reported having a severe burden, only three participants (2.2%) had a moderate to severe burden. They had a high level of perceived social support in connections to the subgroups of family and friends. The factors associated with the mild and moderate burden of relatives were the status of the relationship, psychological distress, and perceived social support in the subgroup of family. Conclusion: Most relatives of individuals with depression reported little or no burden, no psychological distress, and receiving a high level of social support. Status of relationship, psychological distress, and perceived social support were associated factors with the mild and moderate burden of relatives.

Japanese exhibits the Multiple Nominative Construction (MNC), where more than one nominative-marked NP appear within a single clause. Though the MNC has been extensively investigated in the syntax literature, its relation to rightward-displacement constructions has hardly been discussed. In the present article, we provide new sets of MNC data relating to the three types of right-displacement constructions: relatives, clefts, and postposing. The generalisation is that for the linearly ordered nominative-marked NPs in an MNC string, only the leftmost NP may be right-displaced (that is, relativised, clefted, postposed). This pattern is shown to follow as an outcome of modelling incremental parsing, without stipulations specifically made for the observed data. We propose an account of MNCs in the light of an incremental grammar, formalising it within Dynamic Syntax. In this account, an MNC sentence is parsed on a word-by-word basis, and its interpretation is gradually built up, modelled as the growth of a semantic structure. In cases where a right-displacement is permitted, the right-displaced NP is successfully parsed against the structure built by the preceding part of the sentence. In cases where a right-displacement is disallowed, the right-displaced NP cannot be properly processed because the preceding part of the sentence has created no structural position into which the content of the right-displaced NP is reflected. As theoretical implications of the proposed account, we suggest the concept of time-linear grammaticality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of atmospheric blocking over the Southern Hemisphere causes a change in the zonal flow, resulting in the interruption of the propagation of synoptic systems. This behavior significantly affects the weather on the South American continent and adjacent oceanic areas. This work analyzes the synoptic–dynamic features of blocking, considering the atmospheric conditions that favor onset and decay days of blockings. Blocking events are identified using two meridional gradients of the geopotential height at 500 hPa, over the Southeastern Pacific (SEP) and South Atlantic (SAT) areas, for the period from 1979 to 2015. In general, during the 37 years, blocking events in SAT (SEP) are dominated by the Omega (dipole)-type pattern. Positive anomalies of potential vorticity at 200 hPa, relative vorticity at 200–850 hPa and geopotential height at 500 hPa are found near the blocking regions, two days before onset ([t = to-2]). On onset day ([t = to]), these positive anomalies intensify and expand, affecting much of the blocking region. In addition, negative (positive) GH anomalies at 500 hPa appear in phase with potential vorticity (PV) anomalies at 200 hPa and relative vorticity (RV) at 850–200 hPa. The positive PV anomalies, at high levels, result from the incursion of PV from mid-latitudes towards the pole. On decay day ([t = td]), positive anomalies of GH, PV and RV are still found in the blocking region, but with lower amplitude. After the decay day, the anomalous anticyclonic center (positive GH, PV, and RV anomalies) gradually propagates westward (southeastward) in SEP (SAT). Finally, the RV anomalies, in the blocking region, extend from low to high levels of the troposphere, characterizing the barotropic structure for consecutive days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is growing recognition of the psychosocial burden of caregiving on relative caregivers of the mentally ill in low-and middle-income countries. Yet there remains limited formal research examining the challenges and psychosocial support needs of these relative caregivers, particularly with sensitivity to understanding caregiver experiences across diverse cultures and contexts. The purpose of this study was to study caregiver burden to inform potential intervention approaches among relative caregivers of treatment-engaged mentally ill patients in Cambodia. Methods: Participants were all relative caregivers identified through their connection to a non-governmental organization providing psychiatric care. Five focus group discussions were held with 37 participants to explore challenges experienced by relative caregivers. A total of 115 caregivers then completed a mental health assessment consisting of the Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 item scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder – 7-item scale, and 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. Internal consistencies ranged from α =.81 to.87 across scales. Results: Five themes emerged from the focus group discussions: financial burden, erratic behavior of patients, social alienation, somatic and emotional symptoms, and barriers to help-seeking. Assessment data indicated the sample was highly symptomatic. Women and those with no employment appeared to be at higher risk of distress, as were those caregivers with a biological relationship to the patient (parents, children, and siblings; relative to spouses or other relationships). Discussion: Findings suggest a need for regular screening and greater psychosocial support for relative caregivers. It is notable that the needs identified within the current study remain prominent even as this is a treatment-engaged sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frege argues that number is so unlike the things we accept as properties of external objects that it cannot be such a property. In particular, (1) number is arbitrary in a way that qualities are not, and (2) number is not predicated of its subjects in the way that qualities are. Most Aristotle scholars suppose either that Frege has refuted Aristotle's number theory or that Aristotle avoids Frege's objections by not making numbers properties of external objects. This has led some to conclude that Aristotle's accounts of arithmetical and geometrical objects differ substantially. I close this supposed gap by showing that Aristotle's arithmetical objects, like geometrical objects, are just certain sensible things qua certain properties they in fact possess. Specifically, numbers are pluralities qua quantitative or relational properties like ten units or ten. I show that this view is resistant to the Fregean concerns about arbitrariness and numerical predication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new database of the Entomological Inoculation Rate (EIR) was used to directly link the risk of infectious mosquito bites to climate in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Applying a statistical mixed model framework to high‐quality monthly EIR measurements collected from field campaigns in Sub‐Saharan Africa, we analyzed the impact of rainfall and temperature seasonality on EIR seasonality and determined important climate drivers of malaria seasonality across varied climate settings in the region. We observed that seasonal malaria transmission was within a temperature window of 15°C–40°C and was sustained if average temperature was well above 15°C or below 40°C. Monthly maximum rainfall for seasonal malaria transmission did not exceed 600 in west Central Africa, and 400 mm in the Sahel, Guinea Savannah, and East Africa. Based on a multi‐regression model approach, rainfall and temperature seasonality were found to be significantly associated with malaria seasonality in all parts of Sub‐Saharan Africa except in west Central Africa. Topography was found to have significant influence on which climate variable is an important determinant of malaria seasonality in East Africa. Seasonal malaria transmission onset lags behind rainfall only at markedly seasonal rainfall areas such as Sahel and East Africa; elsewhere, malaria transmission is year‐round. High‐quality EIR measurements can usefully supplement established metrics for seasonal malaria. The study's outcome is important for the improvement and validation of weather‐driven dynamical mathematical malaria models that directly simulate EIR. Our results can contribute to the development of fit‐for‐purpose weather‐driven malaria models to support health decision‐making in the fight to control or eliminate malaria in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Plain Language Summary: In this study, we provide evidence of the direct link between climate variables and the risk of humans to infectious mosquito bites. The study informs our understanding of the connection between climate variables and both the malaria vector and parasite biology and how that translates into malaria seasonality in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Information from this study is key for the improvement and validation of weather‐driven dynamical malaria models that directly simulates metrics that connects climate to malaria transmission. Our findings provide an understanding of geographical heterogeneous malaria risk from climate effect and support future malaria modeling and forecasting efforts. The study also supplements previous works describing clinical patterns of malaria infection and morbidity. Taking into account the seasonality of malaria management, findings in this study could lead to significant public health advantages by assisting in determining when, where, and how to use vector and parasite control strategies. It can, therefore, help stakeholders establish a robust framework for monitoring, forecasting and control of malaria. Key Points: In Sub‐Saharan Africa, seasonal malaria transmission is sustained at temperatures well above 15°C or below 40°C with maximum monthly rainfall not exceeding 600 mmRainfall and temperature are significant drivers of malaria seasonality in all parts of Sub‐Saharan Africa except in west Central AfricaMalaria transmission onset lags behind rainfall only at markedly seasonal rainfall areas, otherwise, malaria transmission is year‐round [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We aimed to determine trends in incidence and survival in patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) from 1977 to 2016, and then analyze the potential risk factors including sex, age, race, grade, Socioeconomic status (SES), site, and stage. Methods: Data were obtained from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, relative survival rates (RSRs), and Cox proportional risk regression model were used to evaluate the relationship between these factors and prognosis. Results: Compared with other sites, the small intestine and rectum have the highest incidence, and the appendix and rectum had the highest survival rate. The incidence was higher in males than in females, and the survival rate in males was close to females. Blacks had a higher incidence rate than whites, but similar survival rates. Incidence and survival rates were lower for G3&4 than for G1 and G2. Age, stage, and grade are risk factors. Conclusions: This study described changes in the incidence and survival rates of GI-NETs from 1977 to 2016 and performed risk factor analyses related to GI-NETs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research looks at a great Mosulian grammarian's ideas in one of his grammar books, Min Mazaaim Al Nuhaat, and makes comments on them because of their innovation and acceptance in the grammar lesson as our opinion disagrees with the majority of grammarians on an issue or agrees with one of them on a new point of view for him on a grammatical issue. We have come across many of his good opinions that rely on meaning in syntax; Without the verbal rules upon which the ancient grammarians built most of their syntax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research in the field of translation studies frequently frames issues related to the choice of translation strategies determined by several factors of an objective and subjective nature. Among the subjective factors of particular importance is the cognitive one, i.e., cultural, encyclopedic, and linguistic personality of the translator, since it is the translator who ensures the quality of intercultural communication and the degree of pragmatic, semantic and communicative transfer of the message from the original into the translation. At the heart of the researched topic is an attempt to examine, in a concrete pragmatic context, an antinomy that influences the choice of the translation strategy. This is the binomial constituted by the concepts of universal vs. relative and how they motivate the choice of the translation algorithm, especially of a literary text. The theoretical framework of the problem addressed is represented by the views Professor Eugeniu Coșeriu has about language, and about particular languages in a re-evaluation adapted to the translation process. A special value in this process is given to the primary universals of creativity, semanticity, otherness as well as to the secondary universals - historicity and materiality which are seen in the light of literary translation of languages belonging to different language families - Romance, Germanic, Slavic. In conclusion, we try to argue that there is no need, but it is rather beneficial to avoid categorical separation of conceptual and translation approaches, either from the perspective of universalism or relativism. The choice of translation strategy is always flexible, it is adapted to the concrete translation situation, to the national culture and to the rules and norms of functionality of concrete languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Families who find themselves in the middle of child protective proceedings have three possible outcomes: (1) the family can reunify; (2) parents voluntarily surrender their parental rights; or (3) the parents have their rights terminated. While it seems we should support children in the second and third scenarios equally, having funding sources such as the Kinship Guardianship Assistance Program (KinGAP) only available to children of parents whose rights are terminated, does the opposite. This Note proposes amending the eligibility requirements of KinGAP to include children of parents who surrender their parental rights which would encourage positive safe placements for children. Key Points for the Family Court Community: KinGAP provides financial assistance to kinship caregivers who take on the legal responsibility of guardianship.The purpose of KinGAP is to create more guardians for the permanent placement of foster children who would otherwise be unable to afford the additional expense of caring for a child.Due to the current eligibility requirements of KinGAP, children of parents who voluntarily surrendered their rights are often ineligible while children of parents who had their rights terminated are.As of 2021, 14,749 children in New York remain in foster care in search of a permanent placement.Children in kinship care are shown to have better behavior and mental health outcomes compared to children in traditional foster care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is a reflection on the notions of "making family," "being family," and "being kin" in the calon perspective. To this end, I make an empirical construction about the marriages among Brazilian calon families and how their configurations direct relations of descent and affinity when producing family and relatives in thec perspective. I sew the writing of this text in subsequent moments, in which, I write about the ceasing to be a child and the rites of marriages, and a case of separation between a calon marriage with a non-gypsy; later, I analyze the possibilities of marriages; and, I finish by writing about family networks and their importance in the procedural elaboration of the calon person in making himself or herself among 'family'. Hence, the importance of thinking about how marriages inscribe themselves in the lives of children. The data analyzed is part of a long-term research between the years 2013 and 2019, a time when I was ethnographically involved with calon family networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]