Search

The purpose of this study is to lay emphasis on Uganda’s universities in light of the examination of how institutional pressures and collaboration influence the commercialization of university research output with the mediating role of transformational leadership. Data were collected using a questionnaire from 115 university staff in the twenty-three (23) chartered universities in Uganda. The paper adopted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for instrument validity and reliability, and structural equation modelling (SEM) for testing and estimating relations between the commercialization of university research output with its antecedents of institutional pressures, collaboration and transformational leadership. The results confirmed a positive mediating role of transformational leadership in the relationship between institutional pressures and collaboration with the commercialization of university research. In addition, the results indicate that the operational measures developed for research commercialization, along with its antecedents satisfy the reliability and validity of diagnostic tests. The findings demonstrated that transformational leadership contributes to the enhanced commercialization of research outputs and innovations. Therefore, leaders must provide a supportive environment for all players in commercialization processes to collaborate. Additionally, the proposed measurement scale for research commercialization with its antecedents (institutional pressures, collaboration and transformational leadership) will help practitioners to measure research commercialization performance in universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a comprehensive MedTech product innovation development framework tailored for university research commercialization within emerging markets. The MediGate framework, built on the Augmented Stage-Gate model, addresses the unique challenges of MedTech innovation, including regulatory compliance, stakeholder engagement, and market dynamics. The framework integrates critical decision-making criteria for different types of inventions to drive academic research toward commercialization in clinical settings. Through detailed case studies, including innovations like albumin strip test, 3D-printed patient-specific implant, COVID-19 nasal spray, and AI platform for depression detection, and iterative refinement, the framework provides actionable guidelines for navigating the complexities of product development. These guidelines ensure alignment with clinical needs, regulatory requirements, and market strategies. The research highlights the importance of early-stage valuation, reimbursement strategies, legal and IP considerations, and manufacturing and quality management. By offering a structured pathway, this research contributes to the theoretical and practical understanding of MedTech commercialization, aiming to enhance innovation success and healthcare impact in emerging markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing recognition of universities as a seedbed of new knowledge and technology to boost economic growth, technological improvements, and competitiveness has led to the notion of commercialization of university research outputs to gain traction and popularity in different fora. Despite the significance attached, the commercialization of research outputs and innovation has remained low in universities. The purpose of this study is to lay emphasis on Uganda's Universities in light of the examination of how institutional pressures and collaboration influence the commercialization of university research output with the mediating role of transformational leadership. Data was collected using a questionnaire from 115 university staff in the 23 chartered universities in Uganda. The paper adopted Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for instrument validity and reliability, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for testing and estimating relations between the commercialization of university research outputs with its antecedents of institutional pressures, collaboration and transformational leadership. The results indicate that the operational measures developed for research commercialization, along with its antecedents satisfy the reliability and validity tests. The proposed measurement scale for research commercialization with its antecedents (institutional pressures, collaboration and transformational leadership) will help practitioners to measure research commercialization performance in universities. The findings demonstrated that transformational leadership mediates the relationship between institutional factors and collaboration with the commercialization in Ugandan Universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurs build successful businesses by taking innovative ideas from research labs to market. This article describes a pedagogical approach and its outcomes in utilizing a multi-stage, multi-course, and multi-semester capstone integrative project to teach entrepreneurial marketing (EM) of early-stage technologies. Herein we explain concepts and practices that enable the learning needed within STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) MBA programs to commercialize and market products and services arising from new technologies. The pedagogy follows a four-course sequence that applies strategic frameworks and tools to develop opportunity space for a patented idea, develop the idea into product options, undertake customer discovery, build marketing and sales strategies, and translate opportunities into venture planning. These lab-to-market outcomes are accomplished by applying deliberate practice-based action learning methods to build students' knowledge bases and problem-solving process skills that increase their entrepreneurial expertise. Through learner engagement in a sequence of innovative, data-driven, analytical processes that focus on identifying, validating, and strategizing around scalable new ideas, this pedagogy enables students to learn EM skills that can be applied to different industries and companies at various stages of development but with an emphasis on early-stage technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionA key barrier to translation of biomedical research discoveries is a lack of understanding among scientists regarding the complexity and process of implementation. To address this challenge, the National Science Foundation's Innovation Corps™ (I-Corps™) program trains researchers in entrepreneurship. We report results from the implementation of an I-Corps™ training program aimed at biomedical scientists from institutions funded by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS).MethodsNational/regional instructors delivered 5-week I-Corps@NCATS short courses to 62 teams (150 individuals) across six institutions. Content included customer discovery, value proposition, and validating needs. Teams interviewed real-life customers and presented the value of innovations for specific end-users weekly, culminating in a "Finale" featuring their refined business thesis and business model canvas. Methodology was developed to evaluate the newly adapted program. National mixed-methods evaluation assessed program implementation, reach, effectiveness using observations of training delivery and surveys at Finale (n = 55 teams), and 3-12 months post-training (n = 34 teams).ResultsInnovations related to medical devices (33%), drugs/biologics (20%), software applications (16%), and diagnostics (8%). An average of 24 interviews was conducted. Teams reported increased readiness for commercialization over time (83%, 9 months; 14%, 3 months). Thirty-nine percent met with institutional technology transfer to pursue licensing/patents and 24% pursued venture capital/investor funding following the short courses.ConclusionsI-Corps@NCATS training provided the NCATS teams a rigorous and repeatable process to aid development of a business model based on customer needs. Outcomes of this pilot program support the expansion of I-Corps™ training to biomedical scientists for accelerating research translation.

Studies on the effect of entrepreneurial activities on scientists' subsequent research performance have reported mixed findings. Given the misalignment between spin-off involvement and research activity, our study aims to add to the literature on academic entrepreneurship by examining this effect in a new context and testing the mediating role of research collaboration. We hypothesize that spin-off involvement fosters research collaboration between entrepreneurs and external researchers, which in turn is conducive to research performance. The empirical exercise is based on a sample of 945 scientists at 11 leading material sciences faculties in China, focusing on their spin-off involvement from 2012 to 2014 and their publication records in the following 5-year period. We find that spin-off involvement has a positive effect on individual scientists' subsequent research excellence but does not significantly increase their research productivity. Our findings also confirm the mediating role of research collaboration (both academic–corporate and domestic cross-institutional) in the association between spin-off involvement and research performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge commercialization is one of the requirements of success in the modern economy. Universities and, accordingly, their faculty members play a crucial role in knowledge production and commercialization. The main purpose of the current study is to identify and review the factors influencing knowledge commercialization in the Iran University of Medical Sciences from the viewpoints of the faculty members. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted on 267 randomly selected faculty members of the Iran University of Medical Sciences in line with the purpose of the study. The face validity of the scale was evaluated by seeking the opinions of five Medical Library and Information Science faculty members. The reliability of the scale was also confirmed by achieving Cronbach’s alpha test coefficient equal to 0.86. The data analysis was done using the SPSS software, version 21, descriptive statistics, and the Friedman test. Managerial requirements (M=7.71, SD=±25.69) were revealed as the most influential factor in knowledge commercialization. The cultural requirements (M=6.56, SD=+-2.82) showed the least effect. Employing experienced professional staff, faculty members’ problem-solving skills and knowledge and their research morale, supporting and equipping the involved bodies, developing a purposive, precise, and professional system for project evaluations, public financial and intellectual support, the inclusion of knowledge commercialization in the state’s strategic planning, as well as the development of a research-centered and project-centered culture in the university, are among the most important components of knowledge commercialization. Furthermore, according to the Friedman test, the structural, managerial, legal, individual, cultural, and environmental factors seemingly significantly affect knowledge commercialization in the university. Paying attention to the requirements of knowledge management implementation, especially managerial requirements, is very important for successful knowledge commercialization in universities.https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.1.28.1

Knowledge commercialization is one of the requirements of success in the modern economy. Universities and, accordingly, their faculty members play a crucial role in knowledge production and commercialization. The main purpose of the current study is to identify and review the factors influencing knowledge commercialization in the Iran University of Medical Sciences from the viewpoints of the faculty members. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted on 267 randomly selected faculty members of the Iran University of Medical Sciences in line with the purpose of the study. The face validity of the scale was evaluated by seeking the opinions of five Medical Library and Information Science faculty members. The reliability of the scale was also confirmed by achieving Cronbach's alpha test coefficient equal to 0.86. The data analysis was done using the SPSS software, version 21, descriptive statistics, and the Friedman test. Managerial requirements (M=7.71, SD=±25.69) were revealed as the most influential factor in knowledge commercialization. The cultural requirements (M=6.56, SD=+-2.82) showed the least effect. Employing experienced professional staff, faculty members' problem-solving skills and knowledge and their research morale, supporting and equipping the involved bodies, developing a purposive, precise, and professional system for project evaluations, public financial and intellectual support, the inclusion of knowledge commercialization in the state's strategic planning, as well as the development of a research-centered and project-centered culture in the university, are among the most important components of knowledge commercialization. Furthermore, according to the Friedman test, the structural, managerial, legal, individual, cultural, and environmental factors seemingly significantly affect knowledge commercialization in the university. Paying attention to the requirements of knowledge management implementation, especially managerial requirements, is very important for successful knowledge commercialization in universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ratio of academic scientists to the labor force in Malaysia has increased. However, the contribution of academic scientists to commercialize research discoveries remains limited. Successful research commercialization or university technology transfer requires entrepreneurial effort that may involve skills beyond the traditional roles of academics. The ability to identify the commercial opportunity of research, i.e. entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, has been proven to be a critical skill for an academic entrepreneur. Earlier findings in this area would have been far more useful if the antecedents of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition were recognized. Although self-regulated learning has been inferred to as informal entrepreneurship education for academic entrepreneurs, there has been a lack of evidence on how it influences their academic entrepreneurship performance. This paper examined the characteristics of academic entrepreneurs and the key success factors, whether academics' opportunity recognition ability is influenced by their self-regulated learning behavior. A quantitative research design was employed based on a case study of a technological university in Malaysia involving 115 academic entrepreneurs. Structural equation modeling analysis results revealed that academics' opportunity recognition and social capital are the most important determinants of their academic entrepreneurship performance. The efficiency of the Technology Transfer Office and the ease of securing funding play influential roles too, but to a smaller extent. Most importantly, opportunity recognition is strengthened by self-regulated learning, through frequent deliberate practices in information and knowledge seeking that enable scientists to be more creative and innovative in translating research into marketable products and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities show an increasing commitment to stimulate science- and technology-based entrepreneurship with the aim of contributing to societal and economic development. The provision of science and technology entrepreneurship education (STEE) and the operation of technology transfer offices (TTOs) share the objective of improving university capabilities and output in science-based entrepreneurship. The literature has addressed STEE initiatives and TTOs separately. This paper reports the first comprehensive study of TTO involvement in STEE. From a sample of 176 university TTOs across 28 European countries, we found that 71 percent of TTOs were involved in the provision of STEE. The extensive involvement in STEE indicates that TTOs play an active role in stimulating universities' entrepreneurial capabilities beyond specific licensing and spin-off cases. We analyze how the characteristics of TTOs and universities potentially influence the scope of STEE involvement in terms of breadth of contents, target audiences and duration. We find that older, strategically autonomous TTOs that are located in universities attributing strong relevance to technology transfer activities are particularly active in STEE. The active role of TTOs in STEE has implications for understanding the entrepreneurship education ecosystem of universities and offers interesting opportunities for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction: A key barrier to translation of biomedical research discoveries is a lack of understanding among scientists regarding the complexity and process of implementation. To address this challenge, the National Science Foundation’s Innovation Corps™ (I-Corps™) program trains researchers in entrepreneurship. We report results from the implementation of an I-Corps™ training program aimed at biomedical scientists from institutions funded by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS). Methods: National/regional instructors delivered 5-week I-Corps@NCATS short courses to 62 teams (150 individuals) across six institutions. Content included customer discovery, value proposition, and validating needs. Teams interviewed real-life customers and presented the value of innovations for specific end-users weekly, culminating in a “Finale” featuring their refined business thesis and business model canvas. Methodology was developed to evaluate the newly adapted program. National mixed-methods evaluation assessed program implementation, reach, effectiveness using observations of training delivery and surveys at Finale (n = 55 teams), and 3–12 months post-training (n = 34 teams). Results: Innovations related to medical devices (33%), drugs/biologics (20%), software applications (16%), and diagnostics (8%). An average of 24 interviews was conducted. Teams reported increased readiness for commercialization over time (83%, 9 months; 14%, 3 months). Thirty-nine percent met with institutional technology transfer to pursue licensing/patents and 24% pursued venture capital/investor funding following the short courses. Conclusions: I-Corps@NCATS training provided the NCATS teams a rigorous and repeatable process to aid development of a business model based on customer needs. Outcomes of this pilot program support the expansion of I-Corps™ training to biomedical scientists for accelerating research translation.

Alongside the increased efforts of universities to commercialize academic science, technology transfer (TT) ecosystems have developed within or close to research universities across the world. Such ecosystems are composed of various organizational entities, such as science parks, incubators, and TT offices. In this paper, we study the organizational structure of TT ecosystems in academia and develop a typology of these ecosystems. Furthermore, we assess how the organizational structure of TT ecosystems affects within-ecosystem interactions. Taking a qualitative, comparative case study approach of eight different universities in Scandinavia, we investigate several elements of organizational structure, including ownership, governance, size, internal structure, and physical location. Based on our analysis, we develop a typology consisting of three types of ecosystems, the introverted, externalized and allied TT ecosystems, and find that within-ecosystem interactions differ significantly across the three types, providing important implications for an ecosystem's ability to balance both science and market orientation. We discuss the contributions of our findings for theory and practice and identify avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activity of knowledge and technology transfer from the academic side into businesses or the industrial sector through various schemes, so-called university technology transfer or academic technology transfer, involves a complex process of developing research ideas into the utilization of research. Historically, university technology transfer was triggered by amendment of the U.S. Patent Law, named the Bayh-Dole Act. Shortly after the amendment, technology transfer activity at U.S. universities escalated, particularly in patent and license activities. The movement of transfer technology was closed related to a research activity of the university and university patent in general. Through empirical study, this paper identifies technology transfer activities specifically on herbal pharmaceutical products at two Indonesian state universities, i.e. Institut Pertanian Bogor and Universitas Indonesia. The identification of technology transfer activity in both universities aims to study whether IPRs play a significant role in technology transfer activity.

This two-phase research aimed to identify and prioritize alternatives of commercialization of university agricultural research. By a three-round Delphi study, the first phase was conducted in order to identify alternatives and criteria of alternative mechanisms for commercialization of university agricultural research. Using AHP, 6 alternatives and 8 criteria of commercialization of university agricultural research were prioritized in the second phase. Respecting these alternatives and criteria, a decision making tree was outlined. Data was collected through pair wise comparison 15 questionnaires filled by a sample of experienced agricultural faculty members and Expert Choice software used to analysis data. Based on the relative weight, the alternatives prioritized as: (1) Joint venture between university and industrial and private sector for developing and commercial exploiting of university research and technology, (2) Setting up a firm for commercial exploitation of university research and technology (Spin off), (3)Sale of intellectual property rights arising from university research, (4)Licensing patents arising from university research, (5) Delivering engineering and technical services and, (6) Setting up a firm by faculty members for commercial exploitation of university research and technology (start up or Spin out). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, university commercialization has drawn growing attention to the role of the university as one of the drivers to local economic growth. Majority universities and other research institutes in Malaysia has established Technology Transfer Offices (TTO) to give support and guidance to the researchers in the bid to commercialize Research and Development (R&D) activities. The issues that are faced by current researchers are progressing and adapting to the role of developing and commercialising products while having lack of business acumen that hinders success in commercialization among the researchers. The objective of this study is to create a research model for commercialization study in universities and developing questionnaire to assess the issue in a holistic view. This study reviews the role of TTO, lists of incentives from the government to the researchers and factors that impedes the researchers’ output to the commercial bench. Contextual factor, Process factors and Organizational factors lead to the successful commercialization in the research institutes. A research model for impediment in commercialization is created and questionnaire for TTO and survey for researchers, are developed to investigate on the impediment factors that hinder success in the research commercialization among universities. The in-house developed instruments are modified based on massive literatures on commercialization to stimulate strategies and improvement of units from Planning to Execution role in the TTO. On another hand, researchers in the university will be able to plan and execute their research that will deliver scientific, technological, cultural and economic developments in addressing industrial, culture and social issues.

Recent budget cuts in academia and the spread of neoliberal thought has put pressure on sociology. Unlocking new funding sources is a major concern for sociologists and focusing on funding from the market is a prominent suggestion. Such funding can be generated through research commercialization, that is, developing research findings into products and services that can be sold on the market. This study explores how a commercialization of sociological research can be achieved, and what advantages and disadvantages it has. Methods are expert interviews and participant observation. Findings show that a commercialization of sociological research can be achieved through studies on companies or products, and through the participation in multidisciplinary research projects. The proponents of commercialization are mainly university administrations, consultants, and economists, who see advantages in the acquisition of funding and the improvement of products. The adversaries of commercialization are sociologists, who find a commercialization antithetical to their disciplinary identity, have ethical concerns about aggravating social problems as a side-effect, and fear for their academic careers. In conclusion, a commercialization of sociological research needs to proceed circumspectly, considering that it could internally erode the discipline of sociology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance-based research funding systems in the European Union include a number of established spinoffs among the measures of universities' third mission. Through a longitudinal study on the establishment of 1254 spinoffs during 1999-2015 from 85 Italian state universities, we find that the introduction of such a policy increased the number of academic spinoffs. However, the rate of creation of academic spinoffs increased in regions with higher skilled unemployment and in universities with fewer academic career opportunities, rather than in more research-oriented or more prestigious universities. These results cast doubt on the appropriateness of measures based on the sheer number of academic spinoffs in evaluating the third mission of universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Do academics who commercialize their inventions have a different professional character than those who do not? The author conducted a nationwide survey in Hungary including 1,562 academics of hard sciences from 14 universities. According to the cluster analysis based on their participation in research commercialization (RC), university scholars can be divided into three distinct groups: 'traditional faculty' (56%), 'market-oriented faculty' (22%), and 'academic entrepreneurs' (22%). Traditional faculty members typically do not participate in RC, while, within the framework of the university, market-oriented academics are engaged in RC the most frequently. Academic entrepreneurs, in addition to their university positions, work for spin-off firms that commercialize research findings. Multinomial logistic regressions revealed that university scientists in various engineering fields, and especially in chemical technology, as well as in biotechnology and pharmaceutics have a considerably greater potential to engage in RC, similar to scholars with industry work experience, high number of publications, and professorial rank. Discipline, work experience, scientific performance, and academic rank seem to outweigh the effect of the university and its location on RC behavior. These findings underscore the inherent diversity of the academic profession and question the necessity of implementing uniform RC policies such as the Bayh-Dole model across universities, disciplines, and segments of university scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines what factors publicly funded principal investigators (PIs) perceive as inhibiting their involvement in commercialization activities. PIs are important knowledge brokers in public science but while the emerging literature on PIs has primarily focused on identifying their multitude of roles and responsibilities, much less is known about their experiences in commercialization specifically. It remains unknown what challenges inhibit PIs from pursuing commercialization when shaping their competitive research proposals. To begin to address this topic, this study draws on semi-structured interviews with 24 funded health science PIs in New Zealand. The study found that a lack of confidence in the expectations and consistency of funding body review processes, as well as a lack of appropriate support and resources within the university, can deter PIs from incorporating commercialization activities in their research agendas. The implications of these findings for the literature and practice are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper investigates a conflict that erupted during the years 2003-2005 between faculty and management at an Israeli research university, over the introduction of new intellectual property rights (IPR) regulations. The introduction of new IPR regulations triggered contention and resistance among faculty members and raised debates over questions of academic freedom, labor relations, and the mission of the university, as well as struggles over financial remunerations and overhead expenses. We draw on the analytical perspectives of loose coupling and framing within new institutional theory to explore the processes and outcomes of organizational conflicts within universities and the background and implications of changes in IPR regulations. Our study identifies a repertoire of coupling processes and framing strategies in the context of organizational conflict within a university, and discusses the specific significance of loose coupling in academic settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the changing organization and profession of academic science. Over the past 35 years, the commercialization of academic research has become an increasingly prominent aspect of university activity. The participation of universities in technology transfer (TT) endeavors, mainly through patenting and licensing of research results, serves as an important trigger for a re-evaluation of the nature of the profession of academic scientists. In this review paper, we highlight the major changes in the organization and profession of academic science including shifts in academic logics, in the governance of academic science and in the norms of the academic profession. We summarize the literature review by highlighting the individual-level effects on academic professionals and suggest important directions for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commercialization of university-based research occurs to varying degrees between academic institutions. Previous studies have found that multiple barriers can impede the effectiveness and efficiency by which academic research is commercialized. This case study was designed to better understand the impediments to research commercialization at the University of Kentucky via a survey and interview with three successful academic entrepreneurs. The study also garnered insight from the individuals as to how the commercialization process could be improved. Issues with commercialization infrastructure; a lack of emphasis, at the university level, on the importance of research commercialization; a void in an entrepreneurial culture on campus; inhibitory commercialization policies; and a lack of business and commercialization knowledge among faculty were highlighted as the most significant barriers. The research subjects also suggested that commercialization activity may generally increase if a number of factors were mitigated. Such insight can be communicated to the administrative leadership of the commercialization process at the University of Kentucky. Long term, improving university-based research commercialization will allow academic researchers to be more active and successful entrepreneurs such that intellectual property will progress more freely to the marketplace for the benefit of inventors, universities and society.

The commercialization of university-based research occurs to varying degrees between academic institutions. Previous studies have found that multiple barriers can impede the effectiveness and efficiency by which academic research is commercialized. This case study was designed to analyze the status of the commercialization activity at the University of Kentucky via a survey and interview with a successful academic entrepreneur in order to determine the impediments the individual perceived during the commercialization process. The study also garnered insight from the individual as to how the commercialization process could be improved. Issues with infrastructure were highlighted as the most significant barrier faced by the individual. The research subject also suggested that commercialization activity may generally increase if a number of factors were mitigated. Such insight can be communicated to the administrative leadership of the commercialization process at the University of Kentucky. Long term, improving university-based research commercialization will allow academic researchers to be more active and successful entrepreneurs such that intellectual property will progress more freely to the marketplace for the benefit of inventors, universities, and society.

This paper examines how the Weizmann Institute of Science has been telling the story of the successful commercialization of a scientific invention, through its corporate communication channels, from the early 1970s to today. The paper aims to shed light on the transformation processes by which intellectual-property-based commercialization activities have become widely institutionalized in universities all over the world, and on the complexities, ambiguities and tensions surrounding this transition. We look at the story of the scientific invention of Copolymer-1 at the Weizmann Institute of Science and its licensing to Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, which subsequently developed the highly successful drug Copaxone for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. We argue that, in its tellings and retellings of the story of Copolymer-1, the Weizmann Institute has created narratives that serve to legitimize the institution of academic patenting in Israel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Some universities are successfully involved in creating and developing new high-growth technology businesses while others struggle to do so. Clearly, the characteristics of the university and its environment are important, but explain only part of this variation. We explore how universities can promote new research-based businesses by suggesting that the nature of the support supplied depends on the demands of the spin-off firms. Adopting a demand side perspective, we seek to understand the challenges faced by new technology businesses and hence identify how universities can assist their start-up and development. From the academic entrepreneurship literature, we derive how universities can supply support for the development of firm competencies either directly or indirectly. The paper nuances the common conception of a university as one uniform entity in relation to spin-offs, and assesses the literature including all levels within the university, from central university administration, TTO, department, research group, scientist, and students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Responding to the emphasis of innovation and entrepreneurship in the knowledge-based economy, and the limited growth of governmental research expenditure, the higher education institutions (HEIs) are changing their structures and functions, and becoming the key actors to facilitate knowledge flows into the sources of industrial innovation. This paper constructs the accumulation of intellectual capital in terms of human capital, structural capital, and relationship capital, and investigates the impacts on research commercialization performance. Through a post questionnaire survey of R&D administers of 122 HEIs in Taiwan, a dataset of 64 valid HEIs is collected. The empirical results verify that human capital as the key dimension in fostering intellectual capital, stimulating the growth of patent grants, technology transfers, as well as entrepreneurial activities among HEIs. Structural capital and relationship capital are found to affect the outcomes of research commercialization differentially. Moreover, the different attribute of HEIs affects the approach of fostering intellectual capital. The paper discusses the implications of these results for university and government policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our historical study of Canada’s main research university illuminates the overlooked influence of national identities and interests as forces shaping the institutionalization of technology transfer. Through the use of archival sources we trace the rise and influence of Canadian technological nationalism—a response to Canada’s perceived dependency on the United States’ science and technology. Technological nationalism provided a symbol for producing a shared understanding of the desirability and appropriateness of technology transfer that legitimated the commercial activities of university scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to assess and compare the entrepreneurial competitiveness of KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) and MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) from entrepreneurship education and research commercialization standpoints. The assessment results have provided KAIST with strategic directions for implementation of new measures to enhance its entrepreneurial competitiveness. The new measures which brought a positive impact on the entrepreneurial performance of KAIST have been used to develop catch-up strategies for engineering-oriented universities in late-comer countries. The key findings of this research provide policy makers in late-comer countries with strategies for the successful university entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When university scientists consider their research results today, an entrepreneurial university wants them to explore more than the options for publication: invention disclosures and patent applications are increasingly becoming of interest as a step into the commercialization process. High-profile employees at universities face both the expectation and the opportunity to follow multiple careers: as scientists but also as drivers of the commercialization process and even as spin-off leaders. Organizational antecedents to such commercialization activities have largely been investigated to help universities design effective incentive systems that stimulate the inventive activity of their employees. However, it remains unclear to which set of incentives high-profile employees respond to. In applying Theory of Planned Behavior, the main contribution of our study is to demonstrate that attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control influence high-profile employee's intention to disclose an invention as the first step in a commercialization process. More detailed results show which belief factors in turn influence attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – Despite a growing interest in both women and university academic entrepreneurship, there are very few studies addressing women's academic entrepreneurship. The authors address this gap by focusing on university incubators for women's academic entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze the significance of university incubators for the promotion and development of women's academic business start-ups. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a unique Swedish database for multivariate statistical tests on the performance of groups of women- and men-led ventures, as well as on groups of women incubatees. The database includes data for over 1,400 ventures, out of which 210 ventures are by women entrepreneurs. Findings – About 15 percent of the ventures in the incubators are started and managed by women entrepreneurs. Several significant differences were found between the groups, but the overall conclusion is that the Swedish incubators in this study do not show any evidence of being able to decrease the gender gap in the commercialization of university science. Originality/value – The study makes three important contributions. First, it applies a multilevel design that takes into consideration the relationship between individual firms and the incubator environment. Second, the authors conducted their analysis on women academic entrepreneurs who start their ventures in incubators, which means that the authors are concerned with a specific knowledge-intensive context, where men and women entrepreneurs possess fairly similar levels of human capital. Third, the unique database allows statistical analysis on a large data set, which provides research-based knowledge about the conditions for entrepreneurial career development among women in academic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically examines the relationship between research commercialization, entrepreneurial commitment, and knowledge production and diffusion in academia. Through a dataset of 229 academic patent inventors, this paper reveals that the effects of research commercialization on publication quantity, application-oriented research, and disclosure delay are moderated by the entrepreneurial commitment of faculty members. This paper concludes that encouraging entrepreneurial commitment of faculty members may possibly drive academics away from their traditional approaches in producing and diffusing knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field o. smart textile-based wearable biomedical systems (ST-WBSs) has of late been generating a lot of interest in the research and business communities since its early beginnings in the mid-nineties. However, the technology is yet to enter the marketplace and realize its original goal of enhancing the quality of life for individuals through enhanced real-time biomedical monitoring. In this paper, we propose a framework for analyzing the transition of ST-WBS from research to reality. We begin with a look at the evolution of the field and describe the major components of an ST-WBS. We then analyze the key issues encompassing the technical, medical, economic, public policy, and business facets from the viewpoints of various stakeholders in the continuum. We conclude with a plan of action for transitioning ST-WBS from "research to reality." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]