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Grassland conservation planning often focuses on high‐risk landscapes, but many grassland conversion models are not designed to optimize conservation planning because they lack multidimensional risk assessments and are misaligned with ecological and conservation delivery scales. To aid grassland conservation planning, we developed landscape‐scale models at relevant scales that predict future (2021–2031) total and proportional loss of unprotected grassland to cropland or development. We developed models for 20 ecoregions across the contiguous United States by relating past conversion (2011–2021) to a suite of covariates in random forest regression models and applying the models to contemporary covariates to predict future loss. Overall, grassland loss models performed well, and explanatory power varied spatially across ecoregions (total loss model: weighted group mean R2 = 0.89 [range: 0.83–0.96], root mean squared error [RMSE] = 9.29 ha [range: 2.83–22.77 ha]; proportional loss model: weighted group mean R2 = 0.74 [range: 0.64–0.87], RMSE = 0.03 [range: 0.02–0.06]). Amount of crop in the landscape and distance to cities, ethanol plants, and concentrated animal feeding operations had high variable importance in both models. Total grass loss was greater when there were moderate amounts of grass, crop, or development (∼50%) in the landscape. Proportional grass loss was greater when there was less grass (∼<30%) and more crop or development (∼>50%). Some variables had a large effect on only a subset of ecoregions, for example, grass loss was greater when ∼>70% of the landscape was enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program. Our methods provide a simple and flexible approach for developing risk layers well suited for conservation that can be extended globally. Our conversion models can support conservation planning by enabling prioritization as a function of risk that can be further optimized by incorporating biological value and cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, several jurisdictions have exerted controls over people's mobilities as a way of containing viral spread. In Australia, international borders were closed for almost two years and internal borders were periodically shut and policed as part of strong public health measures implemented by federal and state governments. In this article, we discuss how Australians conceptualized risk in relation to border controls, drawing on a set of interviews conducted in 2021 in which participants were asked to recount their experiences of the pandemic. Our analysis builds on social and cultural scholarship to understand the symbolic meanings and socio-spatialities of our participants' accounts of living in COVID times, in which they were confined within both national and internal borders. Our findings suggest three main socio-spatial imaginaries at work in participants' accounts of life behind closed borders during COVID-19. The first imaginary is an idea of immunity as a spatial property, supporting the concept of geographic immunity. The second is an ambivalent distinction between Self and Other produced through borders hastily thrown up along state lines. The third is the experience behind closed borders of living in a state of 'suspension', whereby risk is provisionally held off spatially, yet projected into the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of REICE. Ibero-American Journal on Quality, Effectiveness & Change in Education / REICE. Revista Iberoamericana Sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación is the property of Red Iberoamericana de Investigacion sobre Cambio y Eficacia en Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the growing literature on the financialisation of everyday life, studies that empirically examine the various theoretical approaches to it have been scarce. This paper aims to bridge this gap by analysing the financialisation of individuals’ socio-economic behaviour in Southern Europe. To this effect, we used data from the second wave of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS), drawn up by the European Central Bank in 2016. Firstly, we designed an operational model of the financialisation of everyday life based on variables related to individual financial behaviour, household money management, and the perception of economic risk. Secondly, we conducted a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) combined with a Cluster Analysis (CLA) to study the behaviour of individuals in Spain, Italy, Greece, and Portugal. The results question the financialisation of individual economic action in Southern Europe and point to the characterisation of a heterogeneous pattern of socio-economic behaviour in the region. This paper opens a new methodological and theoretical research agenda, since the literature on financialisation could benefit from our operational model of everyday life financialisation by applying it to further surveys. A pesar de la creciente literatura sobre la financiarización de la vida cotidiana, los estudios fundamentados empíricamente son muy escasos. Este artículo tiene como objetivo contribuir a la comprensión empírica de este proceso analizando la financiarización del comportamiento socioeconómico de los individuos en el sur de Europa. Para ello, utilizamos datos de la segunda oleada de la Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS), elaborada por el Banco Central Europeo en 2016. En primer lugar, diseñamos un modelo operativo de financiarización de la vida cotidiana basado en variables relacionadas con el comportamiento financiero individual, la gestión del dinero del hogar, y la percepción del riesgo económico. En segundo lugar, realizamos un análisis de correspondencias múltiples combinado con un análisis de clúster para estudiar el comportamiento de los individuos en España, Italia, Grecia y Portugal. Los resultados cuestionan la financiarización de la acción económica individual en el sur de Europa y apuntan a la caracterización de un patrón heterogéneo de comportamiento socioeconómico en el Sur Europeo. Este artículo abre una nueva agenda de investigación metodológica y teórica, ya que la literatura sobre la financiarización podría beneficiarse de nuestro modelo operativo de financiarización de la vida cotidiana aplicándolo a futuras encuestas.

The agents of deterioration (AoD) offer a structured categorization of hazards to collections: they are a basis for risk-informed preservation management. In drawing up the AoD their creators were not ignorant of wider societal issues of concern to conservators, but they envisaged them to be part of a broader institutional activity located beyond the scope of preventive conservation. Within conservation, there have been discussions about additional agents: social, cultural, or political causes of loss. Their continued exclusion from the AoD may mistakenly be interpreted as a lack of consideration of such concerns. There are reasons to limit the scope of an institution’s preventive conservation system but not everyone agrees that those reasons are sufficient to justify this limitation. This paper is a discussion and disagreement by two authors. Henderson argues that dissociation should capture any loss of meaning resulting from any aspect of conservation practice, including cleaning, documentation, failure to respect beliefs, etc. She argues that dissociation from context may stop preventive conservators from identifying and respecting optimal traditional sustainable methods and techniques. Waller argues that the threat of losing context information about collection items should be managed as part of the wider cultural heritage institution’s role and resolved through its engagement with the community. He acknowledges that preventive conservation can contribute to understanding and mitigating this form of loss, but advocates that primary responsibility must be situated at a higher level than the preventive conservation remit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forum Empresarial is the property of University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The word 'threat' currently proliferates in the public sphere, which contributes to the large-scale information spread of societal threats of our time. However, the difference of common sense that laypeople attribute to the concepts of 'threat', 'risk' and 'danger' remains unclear. Therefore, this research aims to fill the social psychological knowledge gap and investigate laypeople's common sense of 'societal threat'. Participants (N = 186) were asked to complete the word association task, and their narratives (N = 1,146) were analysed using two complementary research methods: the automatized methods of multidimensional analysis and the classic method of qualitative content analysis. The concept of 'societal threat' has been associated most frequently with specific large-scale societal issues that are tainted by uncertainty, and a range of primarily negative feelings and emotions. Additionally, the conceptually and semantically close concepts of 'risk' and 'danger' have not been associated, on the lexical basis, with the concept of 'societal threat'. The implications for an improved systemic understanding of actual societal threats' features and related social psychological applications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growing literature on the financialisation of everyday life, studies that empirically examine the various theoretical approaches to it have been scarce. This paper aims to bridge this gap by analysing the financialisation of individuals' socio-economic behaviour in Southern Europe. To this effect, we used data from the second wave of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS), drawn up by the European Central Bank in 2016. Firstly, we designed an operational model of the financialisation of everyday life based on variables related to individual financial behaviour, household money management, and the perception of economic risk. Secondly, we conducted a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) combined with a Cluster Analysis (CLA) to study the behaviour of individuals in Spain, Italy, Greece, and Portugal. The results question the financialisation of individual economic action in Southern Europe and point to the characterisation of a heterogeneous pattern of socio-economic behaviour in the region. This paper opens a new methodological and theoretical research agenda, since the literature on financialisation could benefit from our operational model of everyday life financialisation by applying it to further surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En este estudio se examinan los efectos previstos del cambio climático en la cuenta corriente de Colombia. Para ello, se realiza una previsión del saldo de la cuenta corriente hasta 2050 en diferentes escenarios climáticos a fin de determinar si el impacto de los riesgos relacionados podría afectar la cuenta corriente del país a largo plazo. Los resultados indican que, si en lugar de mantener las políticas climáticas actuales, se alcanzara el cero neto en emisiones para 2050, el déficit en cuenta corriente podría ampliarse el equivalente al 4,6% del PIB. Si la transición se retrasara, el costo equivaldría al 2,6% del PIB. Ese resultado puede atribuirse a la caída permanente de los precios del petróleo y la expansión de la deuda pública que tendrían lugar debido a la disminución de la demanda mundial de combustibles fósiles y al gasto adicional destinado a cumplir los objetivos ambientales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Internacional de Sociología is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Religación: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades is the property of Religacion: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Religación: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades is the property of Religacion: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Universidad Ricardo Palma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Guerrero presentó graves daños en viviendas, equipamiento, infraestructura, entorno y base productiva tras el paso de las tormentas Ingrid y Manuel en septiembre de 2013, por lo que el gobierno implementó el Plan Nuevo Guerrero para la reconstrucción. La región de La Montaña, que se caracteriza por la pobreza de sus habitantes y por ser donde vive la mayor parte de población indígena del estado, concentró gran parte de las víctimas fatales y de los daños, debido a sus condiciones de vulnerabilidad, deterioro ambiental y abandono institucional, que derivan del modelo de desarrollo. Partimos de que la reconstrucción es parte del desastre, y es importante porque cuando se hace con miras a redirigir el desarrollo, permite reducir la vulnerabilidad y crear entornos más seguros para reducir futuros desastres. En este texto analizamos el proceso de reconstrucción impulsado desde el gobierno, caracterizado por la incorporación de diseños ajenos a la región, el cual contrasta con otras formas de reconstruir implementadas por asociaciones civiles basadas en las necesidades locales. Encontramos que la reconstrucción oficial se limita a la reposición material de las construcciones mientras que las asociaciones civiles buscan también empoderar a las comunidades y mejorar de manera integral sus condiciones de vida.

Introducción: El acoso sexual es un problema prevalente en las instituciones de educación superior a nivel mundial con serias consecuencias en la salud mental de las víctimas por lo que es urgente un abordaje oportuno que permita su detección y su prevención. Objetivo: Proporcionar una síntesis actualizada sobre la prevalencia, principales factores de riesgo y las consecuencias del acoso sexual en estudiantes de educación superior a nivel regional y local. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática cualitativa de artículos científicos observacionales a nivel regional y local publicados en los últimos 5 años sobre la prevalencia de acoso sexual y en los últimos 15 años sobre las consecuencias del acoso sexual en estudiantes de educación superior disponibles en los motores de búsqueda: PubMed y Scielo. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 241 resultados asociados de los cuales únicamente 30 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión para la elaboración de esta revisión. Discusión: El sexo femenino, las minorías de género (GLBTI), lugar de residencia rural y edad temprana son los principales factores de riesgo para sufrir acoso sexual en instituciones de educación superior con consecuencias graves en la salud mental de las víctimas, tales como: ansiedad, depresión, bajo rendimiento académico, trastornos alimentarios entre otros. Conclusiones: El acoso sexual en instituciones de educación superior en Ecuador requiere más estudios en nuestra localidad, con un enfoque multidisciplinario que permita un abordaje eficaz y modelos de prevención.

El impacto de los estilos de apego de los profesionales de salud mental sobre su propia vulnerabilidad psicosocial no ha sido exiguamente explorado en la literatura. Por tal motivo, la presente investigación se propuso analizar posibles vinculaciones entre tres estilos de apego adulto (seguro, ansioso y evitativo) y el síndrome de desgaste por empatía (SDE), entendido como riesgo psicosocial entre profesionales de salud mental. Sobre una muestra de 324 psicólogos y psiquiatras santafesinos se recolectaron datos mediante escalas validadas. Análisis correlacionales indican vinculaciones significativas entre SDE, apego seguro y apego ansioso. Análisis de regresión lineal múltiple muestran que ambos explican el 16% y 11% respectivamente de la varianza del desgaste por empatía. Los hallazgos señalan al apego seguro como factor protector frente al desgate por empatía, e iluminan el riesgo psicosocial que conlleva el apego ansioso en profesionales psicólogos y psiquiatras.

Introduction: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are the first line of stroke prevention treatment in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). However, their inappropriate use is associated with increased risk of stroke, haemorrhagic complications, and mortality. The aim of this study is to analyse the factors associated with the non-prescription of anticoagulants and the underdosing of DOACs. Methods: We conducted a descriptive study of a prospective registry of patients admitted to a stroke unit due to ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) during an 1-year period. We included consecutive patients with history of NVAF with indication for anticoagulant therapy (ACT), according to the CHA2DS2-VASc scale. We analysed demographic factors, exposure to vascular risk factors, kidney function, polymedication, and short- and medium-term stroke progression. Results: Data were obtained from 60 patients admitted due to TIA or ischaemic stroke, with a previous diagnosis of NVAF, of whom 13 (21.7%) were not receiving ACT. Of the remaining 47, 25 (53.2%) were under treatment with DOACs, 21 (44.7%) with vitamin K antagonists, and 1 (2.1%) with heparin. Among patients on DOACs, 8 (32%) were receiving inappropriately low doses, with no differences between drugs.Age (80.8 vs 74.9 years, p=.05) and female sex (75% vs 35.3%, p=.05) were associated with underdosing of DOACs. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (46.2% vs 14.9%, p

Previous studies suggest that women are often perceived as less corrupt and more risk averse, possibly due to longstanding asymmetries in power and marginalization that reproduce certain gender stereotypes. However, much remains unclear regarding the origins of these perceptions. Why are some individuals and societies more prone to perceive women as less corrupt than men? We present the first cross‐country examination of these questions utilizing data from the latest wave of the World Values Survey, covering a total of 49 countries. Our results suggest that both perceived riskiness of corruption and attitude toward gender equality, in addition to the overall level of gender inequality in society, matter in explaining a stronger belief in gender differences in corruptness. However, the positive association between a higher perceived riskiness and the perception that women are less corrupt is mostly limited to societies with high levels of corruption and gender inequality. Related Articles: Caillier, James. 2010. "Citizen Trust, Political Corruption, and Voting Behavior: Connecting the Dots." Politics & Policy 38(5): 1015–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00267. Malmberg, Fredrik G., and Henrik Serup Christensen. 2021. "Voting Women, Protesting Men: A Multilevel Analysis of Corruption, Gender, and Political Participation." Politics & Policy 49(1): 126–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12393. Tusalem, Rollin F. 2022. "Does Gendered Representation in National Legislatures Promote Substantive Representation and Human Development? Evidence from the Developing World." Politics & Policy 50(6): 1096–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12503. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To evaluate the level of COVID-19 risk perception (PCR-CV19) by returning to in-person classes and to analyze this perception with sociodemographic and health variables associated with such disease. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional and prospective study. The questionnaire was adapted to assess the PCR-CV19 among 532 university students. Moreover, an association analysis of the four dimensions of the PCR-CV19 (cognitive vulnerability, emotional vulnerability, risky-protective behaviors and severity) and the perception index was performed with sociodemographic and health variables. The following statistical methods were used: one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, Levene's test for homogeneity of variances and Tukey's honest significant difference or Games-Howell post hoc tests. These analyses were performed using the Jamovi statistical software, version 1.2.2. Results: A moderate level of PCR-CV19 was found, where the most relevant dimensions were risky-protective behaviors and severity. In addition, there was an association between the dimensions PCR-CV19 and perception index with the variables age, gender, alcohol consumption, physical and mental health indicators (anxiety and depression), and experiences with COVID-19. Cognitive vulnerability and emotional vulnerability were the most sensitive dimensions in the evaluation of the PCR-CV19. Conclusions: We continue to face constant risk conditions, thus making it necessary to maintain a surveillance scheme of the PCR-CV19 experienced by the population. In university students, cognitive vulnerability and emotional vulnerability were the most sensitive dimensions in the evaluation of PCR-CV19 and experiences with COVID-19 (illness or death). The fact that university students do not feel vulnerable and/or do not perceive the severity associated with COVID-19 transmission may affect their self-care behaviors. These results have key implications for public health; therefore, an intersectoral approach is required to have relevant information in order to face future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizen insecurity has become an unavoidable challenge for human development in Latin America. Citizens of the region point to crime and violence as factors that limit their real opportunities and their right to live a life free of fear and threats. The object of study was theoretical foundation regarding insecurity and its impact on tourism activity in Latin American countries. The methodology that was applied was a documentary design and the type of study was explanatory and bibliographic. Without security, the image of tourist destinations becomes blurred, the distancing of potential visitors becomes evident and activity is inexorably reduced. Furthermore, security is a vital issue that has an impact on the quality of the services that make up this activity, for those different destinations and products, as well as for the demanding and changing markets that increase spectacularly year after year around the world, the application of public policies and strategies focused on sustainable development is vital. Permanence over time will be achieved and will be enjoyed by the following generations. Governments should act in favor of national, regional and international peace and security, which are essential for the development of national and international tourism. Under this general premise, the global system of stability in safe environments becomes essential for adequate planning of activity in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this research is to establish a relationship between the theory of multiple intelligences with the management and use of credit cards, including risk, patience, and economic education. This will allow the establishment of a line of marketing and consumption contextualized to the types of intelligence. Method: The design is observational -correlational, and this analysis was done using structural equation modeling (SEM). There were 498 participants in the study. Results: We found there was a positive relationship between the logical-mathematical and personal intelligences (intra and inter) with the management of patience, risk conditions, and tendency toward indebtedness. In the conceptual review, no studies were found that relate the present variables. In the same sense, the present work helps the marketing processes and product design better fit the profile of the user and/or buyer. Conclusion: Finally, it sheds light on the construction of public policy for the management of marketing and financial education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Los desastres se presentan cada vez con mayor frecuencia en todo el mundo y como resultado ha crecido de forma considerable la pérdida de vidas humanas. En sentido estricto, los desastres no son naturales, sino que se deben a la presencia de un fenómeno natural combinado con la presencia humana en su entorno. Los fenómenos atmosféricos o climáticos pueden generar un desastre cuando la sociedad y los ecosistemas son incapaces de enfrentarse a ellos con eficiencia; tal es el caso de las ondas cálidas, que, en múltiples ocasiones, en muchos países se han convertido en desastres de salud pública. Las ondas cálidas son períodos de tiempo inusualmente cálido y seco o cálido y húmedo, con un sutil inicio y cese, duración de al menos dos o tres días, responsables de una alta tasa de mortalidad y morbilidad y que varían en carácter e impacto aún en una misma localidad, es decir, son relativas al clima de un lugar. La capacidad de adaptación climática, sumada a características demográficas y socioeconómicas, puede determinar un nivel individual de riesgo; las ondas cálidas tienen mayor probabilidad de impactar a las siguientes poblaciones vulnerables: personas mayores y niños, individuos con condiciones de enfermedad preexistentes, que viven socialmente aislados, sin aire acondicionado, sin hogar, sin acceso a información oportuna de las temperaturas y afectaciones en la salud, incapacitados para moverse, propensos a sufrir alguna enfermedad mental, que no ser capaces de cuidarse y se encuentran en condiciones de pobreza en zonas urbanas. Vale destacar que las ondas cálidas incrementarán su intensidad, duración y frecuencia de acuerdo con los escenarios climáticos globales y regionales. Por lo anterior, en este texto se propuso cuantificar, para el período 2002-2023, el papel que las ondas cálidas han tenido en la salud de los habitantes y evaluar mediante la estimación de un índice de riesgo físico la vulnerabilidad humana al calor. Se eligió a Mexicali, Baja California, México, porque es la ciudad que durante el verano registra las temperaturas más altas de todo el país y anualmente se presentan afectaciones a la salud, producto de esas temperaturas extremas. Para tal fin se utilizaron dos enfoques. El primero se orientó a cuantificar las afectaciones a la salud ocasionadas por las temperaturas cálidas extremas, mediante los boletines epidemiológicos semanales que la Secretaría de Salud, dependiente del gobierno de México, pone a disposición de cualquier usuario interesado. Esta información se complementó con estudios locales, respaldados por instituciones de salud locales y el servicio médico forense. El segundo enfoque se orientó a estimar el riesgo físico por las temperaturas cálidas extremas mediante criterios de vulnerabilidad física y social por áreas geoestadísticas básicas. Se encontró que, debido a las ondas cálidas, el número total de personas afectadas fue de 1054, de las cuales 418 (39.7%) fueron por golpe de calor, 627 (59.5%) de agotamiento por calor y 9 (0.8%) por quemadura solar. Por la forma que la Secretaría de Salud agrupa los datos sobre golpes de calor, que incluye insolación, no fallecen todos los que se reportan en esta clasificación. Las defunciones, certificadas por el médico legista, alcanzaron un total de 332, con un valor máximo de 45 en el año 2023. Con el índice de riesgo físico se ratificó que las zonas más vulnerables al calor se ubican en zonas de la ciudad de Mexicali donde el nivel socioeconómico es bajo, los servicios públicos básicos son deficientes y los ingresos reducidos. Se concluye que las ondas cálidas en Mexicali son un problema de salud pública y que una posible solución para su mitigación es la de una planeación estratégica en la que participen gobierno, academia y empresas, vinculada a una red de comunicación, tanto de difusión gubernamental, como por el uso de redes sociales. También, se propone la creación de más áreas verdes o realizar reforestación urbana en las zonas más vulnerables, lo que podría servir como un recurso para disminuir la intensidad de la isla de calor urbano y de las ondas cálidas, y con ello generar zonas confortables al interior de la ciudad.