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Disruptions often call for rapid innovation at scale. Open innovation (OI) is critical in such contexts because it allows organizations to access resources beyond the firm's boundaries. Yet, many OI projects fail, posing significant risks during disruptions. This article examines 12 ventilator development projects during the COVID-19 pandemic, of which only seven succeeded. Fifty-five interviews were analyzed to understand how organizational roles influence the outcomes of OI projects in times of disruption. The key finding is that projects that succeeded involved an organizational role largely absent in those that failed: namely, a catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transdisciplinary research in sustainability science (TRSS) inherently involves a diversity of research actors and societal actors performing a variety of roles, but it is often unclear which actors perform which roles. This paper contributes to filling this knowledge gap by examining a sample of TRSS projects selected from a French research infrastructure with a strong sustainability science orientation. For each project, we analysed the types of actors involved, the number and types of roles they performed at the time of the study, and how the different roles were distributed among them. We found that different types of societal actors were involved in TRSS projects to very different degrees. Citizens were the least represented and tended to play far fewer roles than the other types of societal actors, which seems to be a major weakness of TRSS projects. We also found that the number of roles played by research and societal actors tended to increase with the diversity of societal actors involved, suggesting a multiplier effect of involving societal actors in TRSS. We conclude the paper by highlighting its limitations and perspectives, discussing our findings and drawing out their operational implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest Schools emerged in the UK in the early 1990s after a group of practitioners developed the Forest School programme following a visit to Denmark. In our recent systematic review of forest school literature in England (Garden and Downes 2021), we proposed that a focus on space in future research to generate new complexities around the broader concepts that allow us to explore hybrid spaces constituted by both classrooms and Forest Schools. This means an examination of the various interactions between children, adults and artefacts that come together to generate existing and new spaces. There is the opportunity to re-conceptualise ideas around the Forest School space through the framing of Massey's (2005) proposition that space is a product of relations-between and that space is always in the process of being made. Thus, children create and 'own' the Forest School space through their inhabitation of it. This paper provides a key contribution to existing knowledge around Forest Schools within outdoor education by examining ways in which new educational spaces can be formed, contested and colonised beyond the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research on peer sexual harassment at school has mostly considered students’ involvement in the victim role while overlooking the roles of witnessing and perpetration, and students’ movements between different roles over time. In this two-wave longitudinal study (N = 783) conducted in Sweden, we examined students’ involvement in peer sexual harassment from ages 10 to 11 years to identify patterns of movements within and between roles. Through illustrations and Configural Frequency Analysis, we identified three central patterns. First, many students remained in the same roles across time, especially those who were involved in a combination of roles. Secondly, students often first encountered peer sexual harassment by witnessing it and then became targets themselves. Finally, students who perpetrated peer sexual harassment often had previous experience with other roles in peer sexual harassment. The findings suggest that social learning processes may influence how students move between different roles over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative problem-solving (CPS) involves the interaction and interdependence of students' social and cognitive skills, making it a complex learning process. To delve into the complex dynamics of CPS, previous research has categorized socio-cognitive roles, providing insights into social-cognitive frameworks. However, despite the specific cognitive and social interaction structures employed by roles to engage in CPS interactions, most existing research primarily focuses on individual roles, neglecting inter-role interactions. To fill this gap, twelve triad groups were formed by engaging 36 undergraduate students in online CPS activities to examine differences in social and cognitive interaction structures across different roles and group compositions. Additionally, analyze the differences in CPS processes among various group compositions. The analyses identified five roles (Lurkers, Followers, Drivers, Influential Actors, and Innovators) and three group compositions (Balanced groups, Decentralized groups, and Power Struggle groups). The socio-cognitive structure of Balanced groups, along with other evidence, indicates effective information sharing and negotiation interactions. In contrast, Decentralized and Power Struggle groups exhibited various deficiencies in their socio-cognitive structures, negatively impacting group collaboration processes. These insights provide educators with a comprehensive guide to fostering effective group compositions and role dynamics in online CPS settings, thereby enhancing the overall success of CPS. Additionally, possible activity design considerations and scaffolding strategies are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to understand the role of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) in improving the financial performance of insurance companies in Indonesia. A qualitative, library study method was employed, Research results show (1) the role of ESG as definers of competitive advantage, in improving performance, and guaranteeing the sustainability of the company in the future; and (2) the strategy of insurance companies in Indonesia with respect to ESG is to run business with sustainable financial principles and create environmental-based service products. The implications of this study are that the application of ESG principles to insurance companies in Indonesia is expected to drive government programs to implement sustainable development governance (SDGs) in sustainable finance. The novelty of this research is its emphasis on environmentally-based sustainable financial principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses form the frontline of the healthcare system's response to both epidemics and pandemics, and this was especially the case during the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Although the influence of COVID-19 on nursing roles has attracted interest, there is no integrated knowledge of nurses' roles and experiences in primary health care settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study identifies the roles and experiences of nurses in primary health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A scoping review study design and the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology were used. The study searched five electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, and PsychINFO) and included studies published in English from March 2020 to June 2023 that focused on the roles and experiences of nurses (participants) during COVID-19 (concept) in primary health care settings (context). Results: Fourteen articles were selected for review, involving a total of 1,487 nurses as study participants. The various roles undertaken by nurses in primary health care settings were categorized as comprehensive care providers, supporters and empowerers, coordinators and collaborators, information navigators, and change agents. Challenges and strategies are multilevel intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal issues, but are not mutually exclusive. Conclusions: The pandemic-induced challenges revealed primary health care nurses' vital and indispensable roles and resilience. They also fostered a heightened awareness of technological influence on the progression of primary health care in the current milieu. Policymakers and healthcare organizations need to integrate primary health care nurses' expanding and emerging roles within the scope of practice, ensuring their effective implementation without excessive regulatory constraints. This study emphasizes the importance of developing multilevel interventions to address the support needs of primary health care nurses through a system-based approach. Building a strong infrastructure to support nurses' self-care, offering continuing professional development opportunities, and securing official government recognition will be essential for enhancing the resilience of primary healthcare nurses in preparation for future, potentially devastating pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper analyzes the ways in which accounting enables operations managers to enter and perform multiple roles in their interplay with organizational groups on the shop floor and in management, and the associated negotiations that operations managers have with "the self." Design/methodology/approach: Using field-based studies in a mining organization, the study draws on Goffman's backstage–frontstage metaphor to analyze how operations managers enter and perform several roles with the aid of accounting. Findings: The findings show that accounting legitimizes operations managers when they cross organizational boundaries, as accounting gives them an "entry ticket" that legitimizes their presence with the group. Accounting further allows operations managers to embrace more than one role by "putting on a mask" to become an outsider or insider in relation to a group. In performing their roles, operations managers exhibit varying attributes and knowledge. Accounting can thereby be withheld from, or shared with, organizational groups. The illusion of accounting as deterministic presented frontstage is not necessarily negotiated that way backstage. Rather, alternatives discussed backstage often become silenced in the frontstage performance. The study concludes that operations managers cross boundaries, embrace roles and exert agency as they navigate with accounting, enrolling it into their performance simultaneously as they backstage reflect upon accounting and its role for their everyday work. Originality/value: This study relies on the frontstage/backstage metaphor to visualize the discrepancies in how accounting is enrolled into role performances and how seemingly categorical fronts do not necessarily share that dominant position backstage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic staff experience high levels of work-related stress and poor mental health. As a result, many institutions face high staff turnover. These outcomes may be driven by complex and, at times, apparently oppositional objectives academics need to meet around research and teaching. These factors may present both practical and social identity-based incompatibilities. The current study tested the role of these incompatibilities upon mental well-being and turnover. A sample of 141 UK resident academics completed scales measuring levels of social identification with being an academic, an educator and a researcher, identity based and practical incompatibility, mental health, experience of the workplace and turnover intention. No direct links were found between practical incompatibility and outcomes. However, higher identity incompatibility was related to poorer mental health. Identity incompatibility was also related to turnover intention, mediated by both mental health and workplace experience. Contrary to predictions, these effects were not moderated by identity difference or identity strength. The current findings present evidence that role-based incompatibilities have both practical and identity-based foundations and highlight important caveats to the benefits of multiple identities on well-being observed in other domains. The findings also suggest practical steps through which complex occupational roles can be best structured to improve mental health and reduce turnover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Rohingya ethnic group in Myanmar has experienced systematic discrimination and marginalization since 1962, culminating in denial of citizenship and restrictions on access to basic services. The governments of Myanmar and Bangladesh have both refused to recognise the Rohingya as citizens, leaving them in a stateless state. The escalating ethnic conflict, especially after Myanmar's military offensive in 2017, forced hundreds of thousands of Rohingya to flee to Bangladesh and other countries. Reports from the UN and human rights organizations indicate ethnic cleansing, including killing, rape and torture of the Rohingya. Despite international pressure, Myanmar's government, including leader Aung San Suu Kyi, denies any repression. The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is acting as an initiator and mediator in diplomatic efforts to resolve this conflict, but major challenges remain in creating sustainable and equitable solutions for the Rohingya. This study aims to examine the role of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) in the Rohingya conflict in Myanmar in 2016 – 2017. In this study, the concepts of international organizations and human security are used in analyzing the role of the OIC in resolving the conflict. This study uses qualitative methods and descriptive research types. This study concludes that there are four roles of the OIC, the first and second as initiators and mediators, where most of the OIC's role here is to hold meetings with OIC members to provide assistance to Rohingya refugees. The third is humanitarian, providing assistance for the human rights of the Rohingya, and the fourth is the facilitator, where the OIC, other international organizations, and OIC member countries work together to provide basic assistance and facilities such as education and health to the Rohingya [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine the scope of the field of instructional design and technology, along with the working area (desk) of the expert in this field, in the context of the effects of the pandemic. The study is a bibliographic mapping research. The data set includes bibliographic records of 2.397 scientific texts retrieved from the WOS Core Collection within the time range of 2017-2022 using search terms instructional design or instructional designer. Co-occurrence analyses encompassing author keywords were conducted on the data. As a result, maps and related outputs were obtained that reveal the concepts that the field focused on before and after the pandemic, as well as the relationships between these. Additionally, attempts were made to identify emerging concepts for both periods based on the outputs. According to the results, there has been a significant expansion in the concepts falling within the scope of instructional design and technology, and consequently in the roles and responsibilities of designers, in conjunction with the 2020s and the Covid-19 pandemic. Design concepts and variables, context, human factors, and research methodology are enriched within this expansion. This enrichment shifts the design process from a micro perspective focusing on learning environment and environmental variables to a macro perspective that emphasizes instructors, educational institutions, and culture. Within this perspective, while the weight of real instructional problems increases, the emphasis on theory, approach, and models significantly decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Nurses form the frontline of the healthcare system’s response to both epidemics and pandemics, and this was especially the case during the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Although the influence of COVID-19 on nursing roles has attracted interest, there is no integrated knowledge of nurses’ roles and experiences in primary health care settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study identifies the roles and experiences of nurses in primary health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A scoping review study design and the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology were used. The study searched five electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, and PsychINFO) and included studies published in English from March 2020 to June 2023 that focused on the roles and experiences of nurses (participants) during COVID-19 (concept) in primary health care settings (context). Results Fourteen articles were selected for review, involving a total of 1,487 nurses as study participants. The various roles undertaken by nurses in primary health care settings were categorized as comprehensive care providers, supporters and empowerers, coordinators and collaborators, information navigators, and change agents. Challenges and strategies are multilevel intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal issues, but are not mutually exclusive. Conclusions The pandemic-induced challenges revealed primary health care nurses’ vital and indispensable roles and resilience. They also fostered a heightened awareness of technological influence on the progression of primary health care in the current milieu. Policymakers and healthcare organizations need to integrate primary health care nurses’ expanding and emerging roles within the scope of practice, ensuring their effective implementation without excessive regulatory constraints. This study emphasizes the importance of developing multilevel interventions to address the support needs of primary health care nurses through a system-based approach. Building a strong infrastructure to support nurses’ self-care, offering continuing professional development opportunities, and securing official government recognition will be essential for enhancing the resilience of primary healthcare nurses in preparation for future, potentially devastating pandemics.

Introduction. Contemporary armed conflicts are characterized by a multifaceted blend of combat strategies, encompassing conventional and unconventional weaponry, regular and irregular forces, terrorist actions and acts of organized crime, indiscriminate violence and outside international law. Material and methods. A retrospective bibliographic study was conducted on the evolution of combat strategies employed by the U.S. Armed Forces, NATO member countries, and international UN Peacekeeping Operations over the past 25 years. Results. The way of organizing and providing medical assistance in local military conflict differs from the principles governing medical support in major armed conflicts. The staging of the treatment system and the evacuation of the wounded follows a crucial time-based framework known as the '10-1-2(+2)' rule: "10"– immediate measures to stop bleeding within 10 minutes of the injury; "1" – evacuation to the medical treatment facility capable of performing resuscitation and stabilizing vital functions.; "2" – timely transfer to a medical formation equipped for Damage Control Surgery and Resuscitation within 2 hours of the injury; "+2" – performing the surgical intervention, stabilization of vital functions, and diagnostic preparations for strategic evacuation within 4 hours of the injury. Conclusions. Resulting from the specific particularities of the local military conflict, the planning of medical support as well as the complex treatment and evacuation measures, force health protection, and medical logistics, require adaptation to the real tactical and medical situation created.

Abstract Background The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic overwhelmed health systems and disrupted the delivery of health services globally. Community Health Workers (CHWs) play a critical role in linking communities to health systems, supporting the prevention and control of diseases in many low- and middle-income countries. However, their roles, barriers, and facilitators in the response and control of the COVID-19 pandemic have not been well documented. We described the roles of CHWs in the COVID-19 response, including the barriers and facilitators. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used to assess the COVID-19 response in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Nigeria, Senegal, and Uganda. This involved 110 key informant interviews with policymakers, health facility managers, district health managers, and CHWs to understand the role of CHWs in the COVID 19 response, selected purposively. The total sample size was based on information saturation in each of the countries. A document review on the COVID-19 response was also conducted. We searched Google, Google Scholar, and PubMed for published and grey literature. Data from the selected documents were extracted into a Google master matrix in MS Excel and analyzed thematically. Results In COVID-19 Control, CHWs supported community-based surveillance, contact tracing, risk communication, community mobilization, and home-based care. To support the continuity of other non-COVID-19 services, the CHWs conducted community mobilization, sensitizations, outreaches, referrals, and patient follow-ups. CHWs were challenged by movement restrictions, especially in the initial stages of the lockdown, inadequate PPE, increased workload, low allowances, and motivation. CHW were facilitated by trainings, the development of guidelines, development partners’ support/funding, and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) and tools. Conclusion CHWs supported both the COVID-19 control and continuity of non-COVID-19 health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. CHWs are a critical resource that must be adequately supported to build resilient health systems.

This paper explores the relationship between feminist foreign policy (FFP) and a country's national role conception (NRC). Specifically, it asks whether countries with 'masculine' NRCs are opposed to the pursuit of FFP while countries with a more 'feminine' national role conception are advocates of FFP. To this end, the paper conducts a comparative analysis of 'masculine' Israel and 'feminine' Germany along three domains: normative (with a focus on the Women, Peace, and Security [WPS] agenda), material (in relation to development policy), and institutional (with reference to female representation). Generally speaking, Germany has indeed undertaken broader and more substantive activities in pursuit of FFP goals than Israel. At the same time, Israel has clearly been more active than its 'masculine' role would suggest, and Germany less active and vocal than its 'civilian power' role would imply. Overall, the discussion suggests that whether countries pursue FFP goals is strongly influenced by the latter's compatibility with the countries' overarching NRCs, with party ideology, institutional autonomy, and intersection between gender policy and state interests playing a greater role regarding the specific levels of commitment and intensity shown in the pursuit of those goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online instruction is now a common practice in higher education. Due to the great demand for online instruction, roles and competencies of online instructors have received significant attention to be determined. This study is a systematic review of 11 years of research (2010–2020) on the higher education context's online instructor roles and competencies. The study aims to classify the roles and competencies of higher education instructors in online teaching and learning environments. Forty-three articles were selected from 9 major academic databases using search strings and manual screening protocols. The literature analysis emphasized a total of thirteen roles and eight competency categories. Communication, development, and management have been identified as top online instructors' roles. While "planning, design, and organization", "interaction", and "assessment" have been found as top online instructors' competencies. Further, the time trend analysis showed that communication and developing were the most repetitive roles, and two approaches to identify competencies were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community Health Workers (CHWs) play a crucial role in the prevention and management of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The COVID-19 pandemic triggered the implementation of crisis-driven responses that involved shifts in the roles of CHWs in terms of delivering services for people with NCDs. Strategically aligning these shifts with health systems is crucial to improve NCD service delivery. The aim of this review was to identify and describe COVID-19-triggered shifting roles of CHWs that are promising in terms of NCD service delivery. We searched Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and CABI for Global Health for relevant articles published between 1 January 2020 and 22 February 2022. Studies that were conducted within a COVID-19 context and focused on the shifted roles of CHWs in NCD service delivery were included. We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to report the findings. A total of 25 articles from 14 countries were included in this review. We identified 12 shifted roles of CHWs in NCD service delivery during COVID-19, which can be categorized in three dimensions: 'enhanced' role of CHWs that includes additional tasks such as medication delivery; 'extended' roles such as the delivery of NCD services at household level and in remote communities; and 'enabled' roles through the use of digital health technologies. Health and digital literacy of people with NCDs, access to internet connectivity for people with NCDs, and the social and organizational context where CHWs work influenced the implementation of the shifted roles of CHWs. In conclusion, the roles of CHWs have shifted during the COVID-19 pandemic to include the delivery of additional NCD services at home and community levels, often supported by digital technologies. Given the importance of the shifting roles in the prevention and management of NCDs, adaptation and integration of these shifted roles into the routine activities of CHWs in the post-COVID period is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of its common use, professionalism is not a self-explanatory concept in the field of journalism studies. Even though there is an already extensive literature on this issue, what its basic elements are and how they can be assessed are still subject of debate. In order to contribute to this discussion, the article proposes a conceptual model that integrates four categories: routines, orientation, autonomy, and training. The proposal made here builds on previous knowledge, and attempts to strengthen the problematisation of this topic. For the purpose of testing how applicable this approach is on the field and, hence, empirically refine the proposed concept, the inquiry draws on 21 semi-structured interviews with Mexican journalists who work for quality news organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic overwhelmed health systems and disrupted the delivery of health services globally. Community Health Workers (CHWs) play a critical role in linking communities to health systems, supporting the prevention and control of diseases in many low- and middle-income countries. However, their roles, barriers, and facilitators in the response and control of the COVID-19 pandemic have not been well documented. We described the roles of CHWs in the COVID-19 response, including the barriers and facilitators. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to assess the COVID-19 response in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Nigeria, Senegal, and Uganda. This involved 110 key informant interviews with policymakers, health facility managers, district health managers, and CHWs to understand the role of CHWs in the COVID 19 response, selected purposively. The total sample size was based on information saturation in each of the countries. A document review on the COVID-19 response was also conducted. We searched Google, Google Scholar, and PubMed for published and grey literature. Data from the selected documents were extracted into a Google master matrix in MS Excel and analyzed thematically. Results: In COVID-19 Control, CHWs supported community-based surveillance, contact tracing, risk communication, community mobilization, and home-based care. To support the continuity of other non-COVID-19 services, the CHWs conducted community mobilization, sensitizations, outreaches, referrals, and patient follow-ups. CHWs were challenged by movement restrictions, especially in the initial stages of the lockdown, inadequate PPE, increased workload, low allowances, and motivation. CHW were facilitated by trainings, the development of guidelines, development partners' support/funding, and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) and tools. Conclusion: CHWs supported both the COVID-19 control and continuity of non-COVID-19 health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. CHWs are a critical resource that must be adequately supported to build resilient health systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sport management leadership research has predominantly focused on leadership behaviours, particularly transformative leadership, without fully acknowledging the complex, multifaceted nature of leadership within the sports context. This perspective overlooks the reality that sports leaders operate within complex organizations and varied contexts that significantly influence their behaviours. Leadership in sports demands core capabilities in decision-making, communication, and strategic thinking, and a mindset that influences perception, decision-making, and behaviour. Consequently, a singular focus on transformative leadership may undervalue the importance of other attributes. This paper thus argues for a comprehensive leadership framework that integrates behaviours, roles, capabilities, and mindset, and draws insights from business management. By proposing this framework organized across four domains—Context, Roles, Capabilities, and Mindset—this paper aims to foster a deeper understanding of sports leadership dynamics, highlighting the necessity of a holistic approach that considers the interconnectedness of these elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uromodulin is a kidney-specific glycoprotein which is exclusively produced by the epithelial cells lining the thick ascending limb and early distal convoluted tubule. It is currently recognized as a multifaceted player in kidney physiology and disease, with discrete roles for intracellular, urinary, interstitial and serum uromodulin. Among these, uromodulin modulates renal sodium handling through the regulation of tubular sodium transporters that reabsorb sodium and are targeted by diuretics, such as the loop diuretic–sensitive Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter type 2 (NKCC2) and the thiazide-sensitive Na+/Cl− cotransporter (NCC). Given these roles, the contribution of uromodulin to sodium-sensitive hypertension has been proposed. However, recent studies in humans suggest a more complex interaction between dietary sodium intake, uromodulin and blood pressure. This review presents an updated overview of the uromodulin's biology and its various roles, and focuses on the interaction between uromodulin and sodium-sensitive hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupational therapy affords many role options. Academic faculty is one example of a role. Faculty are expected to participate in teaching, service, and research/scholarship activities within their roles, as shaped by institutional type. This article highlights the academic journey and considerations for embracing leadership as teacher-scholars in occupational therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Background Design Methods Results Conclusion Impact Patient Contribution The aim was to explore how representatives from the different professions in the surgical team experience roles, responsibilities and challenges in positioning the surgical patient.Appropriate patient positioning on the operating table during surgery is vital for optimal anatomical exposure, access to essential equipment, patient comfort and to minimize the risk of injuries. Patient positioning has been described as a shared responsibility of the entire surgical team. The research on roles and responsibilities in patient positioning during surgery is sparse.The study had a qualitative design, including 16 individual, semi‐structured interviews, conducted in November and December 2023.Participants included surgeons (n = 4), anaesthetists (n = 4), operating room nurses (n = 4) and nurse anaesthetists (n = 4) in a hospital in Southeastern Norway. The data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's six‐step Reflexive Thematic Analysis.Three main themes with subthemes were identified, namely (1) A teamwork approach, with subthemes (a) facilitating surgery and (b) health professionals' roles and responsibilities. (2) A patient safety issue, with subthemes (a) risk patients and (b) procedural challenges. (3) Absence of a systematic approach, with subthemes (a) various approach to second time‐out and (b) documentation and feedback issues.Appropriate and safe positioning during surgery is a common responsibility of all members of the surgical team. Despite the common assumption that surgeons hold the primary responsibility, the operating room nurses seemed to hold the hands‐on responsibility. Different health professionals emphasized different risk patients, risk procedures and perceived challenges. This suggests a connection between the specific focus of distinct professional domains, their tasks and expertise within the surgical context.There is a lack of clear guidelines outlining roles and the distribution of responsibility in patient positioning, which may be a safety concern. A need for reviewing responsibilities and defining roles is identified.Systematic follow‐up of documentation of post‐operative observation and documentation of skin status and the “second time‐out” procedure is crucial to establish measures rooted in guidelines supported by both professional and administrative management. This dual commitment may ensure a comprehensive strategy for systematic follow‐up, fostering a culture of continuous improvement.Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the need for school social work (SSW) practitioners increases, more research may be useful to understand how roles and practices are shaped and how this differs from their perceptions of essential practice. To understand the roles and functions of SSW, a survey of nine critical components was developed through an evaluation of national association's standards that offer guidance for SSW practice. Survey respondents (N = 318) consisted mostly of SSW practitioners (85%), evaluated nine critical components: advocacy, building capacity, home-school liaison, multi-tier system of support, navigating school settings, professional values, service delivery, social work theory, use of data and evidence, and suggested the addition of new essential components. The results focus on which practices are deemed essential and the frequency of performing these tasks. We conclude with implications of practice essentiality and frequency discussed across the nine critical component domains, offering suggestions for future research, education, training, and professional development of SSW practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When public services move online, citizens are expected to serve themselves on digital platforms and enrol in public services through self-service procedures. In this digital encounter, many citizens struggle to live up to the “self” in self-services and seek in-person assistance from public professionals. These professional actors play an essential role in enabling the co-production of self-services for citizens who struggle to be truly self-serving. This article explores the frontline workers’ roles in self-service co-production when interacting with citizens seeking help in the service procedures. Service interactions have been studied in two meeting centres of the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Administration. We have conducted observations of office interactions in general and at digital self-service stations in particular. Interviews with public officials have complemented these observations. We use intermediation and co-production theory as analytical lenses in our data analysis. The findings show that the role of frontline workers can be both flexible and narrow in nature and that they take on the role of intermediaries when acting as a bridge between the analogue world and the digital domain. We also see that the intermediating role frontline workers take will vary and is influenced by organisational, personal, and external circumstances that can enable or restrain the co-production of self-services.

IntroductionChildren and adolescents are increasingly facing mental health problems. Schools play a crucial role in promoting mental health, as they provide a unique setting where children interact with adults outside their homes.MethodsThis paper explores mental health work in Norwegian schools from the perspective of frontline professionals namely, class teachers, social workers, and public health nurses. We conducted four focus group interviews involving 22 of these professionals from nine primary and secondary schools.ResultsThe school professionals view mental health work as an integral part of the school's mission and associate their work with promoting mental wellbeing, strengthening self-esteem, and building resilience among pupils. The professionals noted an expansion in their roles and an increase in expectations to undertake mental health work, even though it is not formally part of their job descriptions. Additionally, they play varied and complementary roles in supporting the pupils' mental health daily. As school professionals, they strive to balance universal health promotion with providing individualized mental health care.DiscussionThese results call for coordinated efforts and interdisciplinary collaboration within the school and discussion regarding the school's role in mental health care for children and adolescents.

To maintain health in an ideal world, law enforcement forces are required to act simultaneously to ensure comprehensive security. The objective is to find appropriate strategies and tactics so that coordinated actions between institutions are suitable to protect public health in an ideal world. Ecuador according to the current context in which it lives. Physical observation was carried out of the characteristics of the roads where a number of weaknesses were found such as uncontrolled access, dead zones, which are used by criminals to commit improper acts such as robbery, kidnapping, extortion and even death for not paying the payment. extortion that they demand, joint strategies were designed pointing out the roles of each institution that is in the country's regulatory framework. To apply these tactics, inter-institutional coordination and government leadership are needed to provide the necessary resources.

Through participation in a 2021 global survey of journalism educators, we sought to understand Canadian educators’ academic and professional qualifications, their notions of how their roles should change, their perspectives on the future roles and values of journalists, and their alignment with instructors in Europe. Canadian study participants indicated that monitorial journalism, emphasizing verifiable reporting and civic functions, should become more important, along with journalism focusing on members of the audience as citizens, rather than consumers.