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A key responsibility of project management is to control and monitor project progress. One commonly used tool is the S-curve, which highlights any deviations from the project plan. Another proper curve is the Banana curve, a variation of the S-curve that shows the earliest and latest times of the project schedule. This article introduces the Fuzzy Banana Curve (FBC) as a novel concept in project management. It considers the fuzzy duration of project activities and compares it with the actual progress curve, analyzing the effects of environmental vagueness by setting various α-cuts. According to the results of the research, if the actual progress percentage curve is above the ASAP curve with α-cut=1, the project plan may not be defined accurately; if this curve is below or close to the ASAP curve with α-cut=1, It can indicate the excellent performance of the project management, if this curve is placed under the ALAP curve with α-cut=0, the project manager has used all the capacity to change the duration of the activities and all the floats of the scheduling network and has had the worst performance in the project. If the curve of the percentage of actual progress is placed between the curve of ASAP with α-cut=1 and ALAP with α-cut=0, in that case, it can be analyzed according to the vagueness of the project performance environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant risks in project completion delay could be buried in the development of project schedules because of theoretical flaws in project schedule risk analysis. Major project delays hamper infrastructure development endeavors and cause negative consequences to project finance, the public interest, and socioeconomic growth. This research critically reviews the theoretical foundation of the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and identifies two major flaws: (1) failing to account for variances of activities on subcritical paths; and (2) lacking the functionality of characterizing variance-criticality for activities in a project network. Further, the path variance-criticality index and the activity variance-criticality index are formalized for defining the subcritical path(s) and identifying the variance-critical activities. Reducing time duration variances in the identified variance-critical activities exerts a significant impact on mitigating project schedule delay risks. A case study is given to illustrate the analytical steps for identifying variance-critical activities in a project. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed analytical approach. The enhanced PERT for project schedule risk analysis is instrumental in (1) identifying critical and subcritical paths in the project network model; (2) clarifying the notion of variance-criticality for prioritization of activities based on the impact of activity time variance on project time variance; and (3) reining in project schedule risks by reducing time duration variances on those variance-critical activities in project planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry has always been prone to uncertainties due to its dynamic nature, but the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for a deeper understanding of its present challenges and their implications for the future of the industry. Despite numerous studies conducted on this topic, a comprehensive understanding of the factors stemming from COVID-19 that disrupted the industry is still lacking. This study aims to bridge that knowledge gap by identifying the challenges, categorizing them into four areas (cost overruns, schedule overruns, contractual implications, and health and safety issues), ranking them based on their frequency of occurrence in previous studies, and outlining management strategies to lessen their detrimental impacts on projects. A systematic literature review was conducted, and 284 publications were shortlisted for further review. The review revealed 26 challenges, of which shortage of labor, suspension or slowing of ongoing projects, force majeure confusion, and workplace safety concerns were among the most frequently cited, and offered strategies, such as workforce investment, supplier management, legal consultation, and transparent communication, for managing them. This research provides valuable insights for stakeholders and project managers in the construction sector that will help them comprehend and effectively manage the pandemic-induced challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on construction project data provided by the Connecticut Department of Transportation (CTDOT), this investigation provides an overview of transportation project delivery impactors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some 205 CTDOT projects are the basis of this comparison study. Of the total number of projects reviewed, 95 were completed before COVID-19 government health guidelines were issued, and 110 were under construction during COVID-19. The two data sets permitted a comparison of the pandemic's effect against prepandemic work. The total value of the projects studied was approximately $2.2 billion over the two distinct periods—one before the emergence of the pandemic and the other during the pandemic. The preCOVID era saw $1 billion worth of work completed, while during the pandemic, an additional $1.2 billion worth of work was carried out. The study demonstrates the pandemic's impact based on 13 factors: schedule, material supply, environmental, weather, extra work, site restrictions, noncompliance/rending notices, surrounding residents, coordination with utilities, design/redesign, quality control, contractor's quality of work, and no major risks/issues. Material supply and schedule were the two major study factors demonstrating pandemic impact. Because of social distancing guidelines, many construction sites had to reduce their workforce, leading to site-wise labor shortages. The projects of the study were separated into eight different types: safety improvements, traffic signal, roadway, bridge rehabilitation, bridge replacement, highway signage, facility renovation, and train station rehabilitation. Out of these categories, train station rehabilitation projects faced the greatest disruption in their material supply chain compared to the other types of projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Management / Gongcheng Guanli Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ke Wang, Xuelu Wang, Chenying Xu, Lina Bai Operating Room, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xuelu Wang; Chenying Xu, Operating Room, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 2699 West Gaoke Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, 200092, Email wangxuelu@51mch.com; xuchenying@51mch.comObjective: Reasonable surgical scheduling management is crucial to optimize the utilization rate of operating room. This study aims to understand the context, frontier and hot spots of surgical scheduling management research, in order to provide reference for surgical scheduling optimization.Methods: Literature on operation scheduling management collected in Web of Science core collection database was searched from the database establishment to June 21, 2023. HisCite Pro 2.1 software was used to analyze the publication time, countries, research institutions, journals, authors, keywords and highly cited papers.Results: A total of 1383 literatures were included, and research institutions in the United States, Canada and other countries played a leading role in this field. Among them, the combination of machine algorithm and system model optimization to improve the accuracy of surgical duration prediction is the future research focus in this field.Conclusion: Improving operation efficiency is one of the key issues in operating room management. Managers should find the best operation scheduling plan from a more detailed and comprehensive perspective to improve operation efficiency.Keywords: surgery, schedule, manage

Delays in construction projects are common and persistent. Frequent disputes also make work time inefficient and result in significant cost increases. Therefore, it is necessary to study or investigate events that are useful as a solution to delay claims and have the potential to be used in litigation. This research has been conducted to maximize reliable data sources. The Source Validation Protocol guides the process for ensuring the validity of the source data based on the Forensic Schedule Analysis methodology. According to the Critical Path Method (CPM) schedule analysis, the construction time of the Rusunawa Building (Rent Simple Flat) of the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Yogyakarta is 73.2 weeks or 511 calendar days. The 2 data source validation protocols, including Validation of Baseline Schedule Selection, Validation and Rectification, and Validation of As-Built Schedule Sources, Reconstruction, and Validation, greatly influenced the project delays.

Aim: To synthesise evidence from studies that explored the impact of electronic and self‐rostering systems to schedule staff on healthcare organisations and healthcare workers. Design: Mixed‐method systematic review. Methods: Studies were screened by two independent reviewers and data were extracted using standardised data extraction tables. The quality of studies was assessed, and parallel‐results convergent synthesis was conducted. Data Sources: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES were searched on January 3, 2023. Results: Eighteen studies were included (10 quantitative descriptive studies, seven non‐randomised studies and one qualitative study). Studies examined two rostering interventions including self‐rostering (n = 12) and electronic rostering (n = 6). It was found that the implementation of electronic and self‐rostering systems for staff scheduling impacted positively on both, healthcare workers and healthcare organisations. Benefits included enhanced roster efficiency, staff satisfaction, greater control and empowerment, improved work‐life balance, higher staff retention and reduced turnover, decreased absence rates and enhanced healthcare efficiency. However, self‐rostering was found to be less equitable than fixed rostering, was associated with increased overtime, and correlated with a higher frequency of staff requests for shift changes. Conclusion: The impact of electronic and self‐rostering systems to schedule staff on healthcare organisations and healthcare workers' outcomes was predominantly positive. Further randomised controlled trials and longitudinal studies are warranted to evaluate the long‐term impact of various rostering systems, including electronic and self‐rostering systems. Implications for Healthcare: Rostering is a multifaceted responsibility for healthcare administrators, impacting patient care quality, workforce planning and healthcare expenditure. Impact: Given that healthcare staffing costs constitute a substantial portion of global healthcare expenditure, efficient and strategic resource management, inclusive of healthcare staff rostering, is imperative. Reporting Method: The 27‐item Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Patient or Public Contribution: No Patient or Public Contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the opinions and clinical practices of oncologists and nurses about vaccination recommended for both healthcare workers and cancer patients. A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among physicians and nurses working in adult oncology settings between September 2019 and February 2022. An online survey was sent to the participants via e-mails, with two reminders at 4-week intervals for non-respondents. A total of 80 physicians and 84 nurses completed the survey. The highest vaccination rates for physicians and nurses were reported for hepatitis B, diphtheria-tetanus, and influenza vaccines. Considering the previous influenza season, only 31.25% of the physicians and 22.62% of the nurses had the influenza vaccine. Eighty-seven percent (n=70) of physicians and 57.14% (n=48) of nurses recommended adult vaccines to cancer patients. Influenza, pneumococcal, and hepatitis B vaccines were the most recommended vaccines. Thirty-seven percent of physicians and 44.05% of nurses encountered anti-vaccine attitudes among the patients. Seventeen percent of the physicians had no opinion on the timing of vaccination during conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Forty percent, 28.17%, and 18.31% of physicians recommended vaccination 'just before treatment', 'between treatment cycles', and 'immediately after the end of treatment', respectively. Vaccination rates of physicians and nurses working in oncology practice and the recommendation of vaccination to cancer patients are still lower than desired levels. It appears that HCPs have limited knowledge regarding vaccination time schedules in cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Rationale The effectiveness of immunisation with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been demonstrated in many countries. However, the global impact of PCV is limited by its cost, which has prevented its introduction in some countries. Reducing the cost of PCV programmes will facilitate further vaccine introductions and improve the sustainability of PCV in low-income countries when they transition from subsidised vaccine supply. We are conducting a large, population-level, cluster-randomised field trial (PVS) of an alternative reduced-dose schedule of PCV compared to the standard schedule. We are also conducting a nested sub-study at the individual level to investigate the immunogenicity of the two schedules and their effects on pneumococcal carriage acquisition (PVS-AcqImm). Methods and design PVS-AcqImm is a prospective, cluster-randomised trial of an alternative schedule of one dose of PCV scheduled at age 6 weeks with a booster dose at age 9 months compared to the standard of three primary doses scheduled at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Sub-groups within the alternative schedule group receive yellow fever vaccine separately or co-administered with PCV at 9 months of age. The primary endpoints are (a) concentrations of vaccine-type anti-pneumococcal IgG at 18 months of age, (b) proportions with yellow fever neutralising antibody titre ≥ 1:8 4 weeks after separate or co-administration of PCV and yellow fever vaccines, and (c) rate of nasopharyngeal vaccine-type pneumococcal acquisition from 10–14 months of age. Participants and field staff are not masked to group allocation while measurement of the laboratory endpoints is masked. Approximately equal numbers of participants are resident in each of 28 randomly allocated geographic clusters (14 clusters in each group); 784 enrolled for acquisition measurements and 336 for immunogenicity measurements. Purpose This statistical analysis plan (SAP) describes the PVS-AcqImm cohort and follow-up criteria to be used in different analyses. The SAP defines the endpoints and describes how adherence to the interventions will be presented. We describe the approach to analyses and how we will account for the effect of clustering. Defining the SAP prior to the conduct of analysis will avoid bias in analyses that may arise from prior knowledge of trial findings. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN7282161328. Registered on 28 November 2019. https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN72821613 . Protocol: MRCG SCC number 1670, LSHTM Ref 17683. Current protocol version: 6.0, 24 May 2021. Version: 1.0 (5 April 2023); SAP revisions—none.

Copyright of Journal for Sociology of Education & Socialization / Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung & Sozialisation is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Didasc@lia: Didáctica y Educación is the property of Universitaria de Las Tunas, Centro de Estudios de Didactica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rationale: The effectiveness of immunisation with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been demonstrated in many countries. However, the global impact of PCV is limited by its cost, which has prevented its introduction in some countries. Reducing the cost of PCV programmes will facilitate further vaccine introductions and improve the sustainability of PCV in low-income countries when they transition from subsidised vaccine supply. We are conducting a large, population-level, cluster-randomised field trial (PVS) of an alternative reduced-dose schedule of PCV compared to the standard schedule. We are also conducting a nested sub-study at the individual level to investigate the immunogenicity of the two schedules and their effects on pneumococcal carriage acquisition (PVS-AcqImm). Methods and design: PVS-AcqImm is a prospective, cluster-randomised trial of an alternative schedule of one dose of PCV scheduled at age 6 weeks with a booster dose at age 9 months compared to the standard of three primary doses scheduled at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Sub-groups within the alternative schedule group receive yellow fever vaccine separately or co-administered with PCV at 9 months of age. The primary endpoints are (a) concentrations of vaccine-type anti-pneumococcal IgG at 18 months of age, (b) proportions with yellow fever neutralising antibody titre ≥ 1:8 4 weeks after separate or co-administration of PCV and yellow fever vaccines, and (c) rate of nasopharyngeal vaccine-type pneumococcal acquisition from 10–14 months of age. Participants and field staff are not masked to group allocation while measurement of the laboratory endpoints is masked. Approximately equal numbers of participants are resident in each of 28 randomly allocated geographic clusters (14 clusters in each group); 784 enrolled for acquisition measurements and 336 for immunogenicity measurements. Purpose: This statistical analysis plan (SAP) describes the PVS-AcqImm cohort and follow-up criteria to be used in different analyses. The SAP defines the endpoints and describes how adherence to the interventions will be presented. We describe the approach to analyses and how we will account for the effect of clustering. Defining the SAP prior to the conduct of analysis will avoid bias in analyses that may arise from prior knowledge of trial findings. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN7282161328. Registered on 28 November 2019. https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN72821613. Protocol: MRCG SCC number 1670, LSHTM Ref 17683. Current protocol version: 6.0, 24 May 2021. Version: 1.0 (5 April 2023); SAP revisions—none. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growing reliance on urban metro networks, any accidental disruption can lead to rapid degradation and significant economic losses. Bus bridging services are common and efficient ways to minimize such adverse impacts. In this study, we investigate the problem of designing bus bridging services in response to unexpected metro disruptions, and propose a routing strategy with multiple bridging routes. In particular, to respond to uncertain factors such as passenger arrivals and bus travel times in the disruption environment, we develop a two-stage stochastic programming model for the collaborative optimization of bus bridging routes, schedules, and passenger assignments. To solve the computational challenges arising with the proposed model, a tailored tabu search algorithm is developed. Finally, several sets of numerical experiments are conducted and experimental results reveal that our proposed routing strategy can effectively improve the service level for the affected passengers during metro disruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a cutting-edge and cost-effective solution for transforming the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. The BIM methodology enables the creation of a digital three-dimensional (3D) model that can be incremented and updated as all disciplines and stages of a building project are developed. The idea of integrating Building Information Modelling (BIM) with Project Controls, which uses the fourth dimension (time) and fifth dimension (cost) of BIM, will be proposed to management as an alternative way to optimize the process of generating Project Schedules and Cost Estimation from BIM software-generated design. By using the MADM method with the non-compensatory and compensatory models, the attributes scoring result from each alternative shows that integrating the combination of BIM 4D and 5D into the company's business process has the highest score compared to partial integration (4D or 5D) and conventional way (not using BIM). This integration will improve the accuracy of the schedule and cost estimate, simplifying the working flow, lowering the risk of miscalculation, and increasing the return on investment for the company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the process of creating a Telegram bot that would automatically send class schedules for full-time/part-time students on a daily basis. A feature of Telegram bots is - simplicity of use and minimization of resources, which greatly simplifies its creation and interaction with it. Purpose – create a convenient environment in which the student can easily get the information he or she needs, spending a minimum amount of time. The method or methodology of the work: the article deals with the way in which by appointing the academic department as the administrator, there will be access to fill the database. Students, when starting the Telegram bot, once will need to specify the form of study and the group. To implement it, the following are used a SQLite database and the Python programming language are used in the implementation. Result: developed a tool that automates the student will be aware of his schedule, and for the educational part it is easier to create a schedule for each group. Scope of the results: the data stored in the database is reasonable to use to obtain information in the academic life.

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the National Football League (NFL) made changes to its operations for the 2020 season. We hypothesize an increase in the rate of injuries during the 2020 season. Publicly available data were reviewed to identify NFL injuries from the 2015-2020 seasons. Player position, description of injury, date of injury, and injury setting were recorded. p#0.05 was considered statistically significant. For the 2020 season, compared with the 2015-2019 seasons, there was an increased risk of injury during the regular season overall relative risk (RR) 5 1.308 (p, 0.05), week (W)1 RR 5 7.33 (p, 0.05), W1-6 RR 5 1.964 (p, 0.05), W7-12 RR 5 1.8909 (p, 0.05), and during the postseason overall RR 5 1.1444 (p, 0.05), calculated using analysis of variance. There was an overall increased risk of abdominal or core injuries RR51.248 (p < 0.05), groin or hip injuries RR52.534 (p < 0.05), and hamstring injuries RR 5 3.644 (p, 0.05). There was an increased risk of hamstring injuries in cornerbacks RR 5 3.219 (p, 0.05) and running backs RR 5 1.1394 (p, 0.05), hip or groin injuries in guards RR 5 1.105 (p, 0.05), Achilles tendon injuries in safeties RR51.6976 (p < 0.05), quadriceps injuries in running backs RR51.6191 (p < 0.05), and arm injuries in defensive tackles RR 5 1.221 (p, 0.05). There was an increase in the overall rate of injuries in the 2020 NFL season, both in the regular season and postseason, compared with the 2015-2019 seasons. The overall rate of abdominal or core, groin or hip, and hamstring injuries increased. Specific player positions saw unique increases in rates of injuries. These findings may be due to numerous operational changes implemented, such as reduced in-person training and the elimination of the preseason, leading to suboptimal, sportsspecific conditioning and increased risk of musculoskeletal injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingenius, Revista Ciencia y Tecnología is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to ensure sustainable agriculture and improve living standards, it is crucial to implement water-efficient irrigation practices. Accurate irrigation scheduling plays a vital role in enhancing irrigation efficiency. This two-year field experiment conducted at the Abergelle irrigation scheme aimed to determine crop water requirements and develop irrigation schedules specifically for market-oriented crops, with a focus on onions. A factorial arrangement randomized complete block design was employed, consisting of three irrigation intervals (3, 4, and 5 days), three levels of CROPWAT, and fixed application depths (125%, 100%, and 75% ETc). Additionally, one farmer practice was used as a control. The findings revealed that applying 75% CROPWAT at 3-day intervals resulted in higher water productivity and saved 2873 m3 ha-1 compared to the farmers' usual irrigation practice. The implementation of this irrigation strategy proved to be beneficial for the irrigated crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to realize the intelligence of the radio and television transmission station automatic control system, the intelligent algorithm is used for the dynamic task scheduling of transmission (DTST) and the intelligent generation of the real-time transmission schedule. On the basis of the static task allocation at the same time, the time dimension is introduced to build a dynamic task scheduling mathematical model. Based on the characteristics of simple operation and strong convergence of the genetic algorithm, an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is proposed to solve DTST. The algorithm is improved for specific problems. The first is to improve the selection operator based on the elitist retention strategy to improve the convergence of the algorithm; the second is to determine the discontinuous crossover genes frag based on the concept of cyclic replacement sequence to improve the crossover operator, so as to retain the complete excellent gene fragments and improve the computational efficiency of the crossover operator; the third is to design the relative swap mutation operator to increase the diversity of the population and avoid the convergence of the algorithm calculation results to the local optimal solution. Through the analysis of the experimental data of traversing parameters, the optimal parameter configuration of the IGA is obtained. Finally, the correctness of the IGA is verified by comparing it with the enumeration algorithm, and the effectiveness of the IGA is verified by comparing it with the greedy algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A proper edge‐coloring of a graph is an interval coloring if the labels on the edges incident to any vertex form an interval, that is, form a set of consecutive integers. The interval coloring thickness θ(G) $\theta (G)$ of a graph G $G$ is the smallest number of interval colorable graphs edge‐decomposing G $G$. We prove that θ(G)=o(n) $\theta (G)=o(n)$ for any graph G $G$ on n $n$ vertices. This improves the previously known bound of 2⌈n∕5⌉ $2\lceil n\unicode{x02215}5\rceil $, see Asratian, Casselgren, and Petrosyan. While we do not have a single example of a graph with an interval coloring thickness strictly greater than 2, we construct bipartite graphs whose interval coloring spectrum has arbitrarily many arbitrarily large gaps. Here, an interval coloring spectrum of a graph is the set of all integers t $t$ such that the graph has an interval coloring using t $t$ colors. Interval colorings of bipartite graphs naturally correspond to no‐wait schedules, say for parent–teacher conferences, where a conversation between any teacher and any parent lasts the same amount of time. Our results imply that any such conference with n $n$ participants can be coordinated in o(n) $o(n)$ no‐wait periods. In addition, we show that for any integers t $t$ and T $T$, t

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A series of ambitious accessibility‐oriented policies have been launched in the world, which center around improving accessibility via the national multimodal transport systems including road, airline, and railway. The national multimodal transport accessibility assessment is one of the "basic" analyses for the design and implementation of these policies, whereas existing national‐scale accessibility studies either focus on single‐mode or two‐mode transport or ignore the schedule‐dependent nature of railway and airline. This article models the integrated road, railway, airline, and walking transport as a four‐layer network with the consideration of their interdependencies. An algorithm is then developed to accurately assess the travel time‐based accessibility on the four‐layer network with the consideration of the daily schedule of trains and flights. The proposed approach is applied to map accessibility to 363 cities in mainland China and analyze the optimal travel modes. In addition, this article investigates the travel time‐based vulnerability of the national multimodal transport system in mainland China under the extreme storm recently occurred in Zhengzhou (July 2021). The findings in this work provide insightful suggestions for transport planners to design the national multimodal transport systems and for stakeholders to schedule travels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effectively managing the delivery of Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) for diverse construction projects poses a significant challenge for concrete batch plant supervisors. The formulation of an efficient schedule for dispatching concrete truck mixers is paramount, requiring a delicate balance between practicality and adaptability. The concrete batch plant administrator must establish a productive timetable that aligns activities at the concrete batch facility and construction sites. RMC delivery requests inundate the ready mixed concrete batch plant during specific operational hours, necessitating swift decision-making by the concrete batch plant administrator to create a dispatching schedule that meets the varied requirements of different construction projects. The dispatching schedule time for all batch plants is primarily influenced by the dispatcher administrator's experience and preferences. For instance, a ready mixed concrete batch plant administrator may opt to dispatch as many truck mixers as possible to the busiest construction project. However, while the batch plant waits for the RMC trucks to arrive, this strategy may cause truck congestion at the project site. Clearly, an effective dispatching schedule is crucial for enhancing the overall system efficiency of construction projects and batch plants. This paper initially presents various optimization methods and subsequently analyses the ready mixed concrete system and its transportation strategy, delineating the factors impacting the dispatching schedule. The study then introduces a systematic model employing simulation processes and Genetic Algorithms to optimize the dispatching schedule while minimizing the waiting time of RMC truck mixers at construction projects. The goal of this optimisation is to meet the needs for RMC delivery from various building projects while minimising the impact on casting processes. Ultimately, concrete batch plant administrators will find assistance in organising and managing the dispatching procedure from an automated software that was created utilising the C-sharp programming language and included all pertinent modules. Three cases from the available research were examined, and field data from the DECOM batching facility was applied over the course of three working days to evaluate the software's effectiveness.

Aim: This descriptive study was conducted to analyze the existing situation and nurses' perspectives on work schedules. Method: The study sample consisted of 207 nurses who worked at 23 state hospitals. The data were collected with a 40-item questionnaire developed by the researchers. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, chi-square, and Spearman's correlation tests were used for data analysis. Results: The mean numbers of beds, nurses, daily hospitalized patients, and patients in the unit on the last shift were 24.23 (SD=15.01), 14.79 (SD=10.48), 9.16 (SD=8.2), and 12.10 (SD=10.28), respectively. Of the nurses, 49% had a rotating shift, 54.8% were dissatisfied with the shift system, and nurse scheduling was mostly prepared on paper by the clinic's responsible nurses and then loaded onto a computer. Conclusion: Fair and objective criteria and software should be used to prepare schedules with mostly fixed shifts and convenient work hours, without wasting time on manual scheduling. These results indicate factors that need to be taken into consideration in the preparation of nurses' work schedules and workforce planning.

In the article, the activities of Armenian schools in Iran in the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, and the teaching of the Persian in those schools are addressed. The purpose of the study is to examine the teaching of Persian in Armenian schools․ For conducting the research historical and comparative-historical methods have been used․ In the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century the Armenian schools of Iran were influenced by the Armenian schools of the Caucasus. They often brought educational literature from Tbilisi to Iran and sometimes invited teachers from there. Along with foreign languages, Persian was also taught at Armenian schools in Iran. During the years of the constitutional movement, the classes of Persian language became more widespread in Armenian schools. During the reign of Reza Shah, the management of all schools in the country came under the control of the state, and the teaching of Persian became mandatory in all schools. Thus, in the second half of the 19th century the teaching of Persian facilitated the integration of students into economic and social life, but after educational reforms and standardization of school curriculum, the teaching of Persian gradually became mandatory and standardized in all Armenian schools of Iran.

Modeling and numerical analysis of the design of building structures, their technology, organization and management methods of construction processes are the subject of the work of many scientists in Poland. Schedule designers try to best reflect the reality of construction projects with the available methods, although this procedure is not always successful. One of the scheduling methods is the Time Coupling Methods (TCM), which can be refined using the predictive durations of the Multivariate Method of Statistical Models (MMSM) construction processes and standard deviations. A new scheduling method in the probabilistic approach was developed – Probabilistic Time Couplings Method I (PTCM I). At PTCM I, work is organized in such a way as to maintain the continuity of work of employees, as downtime of workers is disadvantageous and costly. The total duration of the new investment was forecasted and compared with the other methods of scheduling and with real time after its completion. The results clearly show that the developed methodology can be successfully used in scheduling construction works.

ABSTRACTPreventing perinatal transmission is important for hepatitis B (HepB) elimination. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the interval between HepB birth-dose (HepB-BD) to second-dose (HepB-SD) vaccination on perinatal transmission. Among 39,313 infants born to HepB s-antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers from a Korean national database 38,411 (97.7%) had completed timely immunophylaxis with HepB-BD 41,572 (99.8%) with hepatitis B immune globulin, and 1027 (2.6%) were HBsAg-positive at ≥ 9 months. Maternal factors (i.e. HepB e-antigen status, age, or nationality) were associated with an increased risk of infection whereas short gestational length decreased it. The HepB-BD – HepB-SD interval (

AbstractThe preparation of urban development plans and their implementation for urban development in the Global South are often not treated as projects, despite the time, cost and other resource implications. Urban development plan preparation and implementation often overrun their schedule, and cost and at times become uncertain. So, an argument has emerged that plan preparation and implementation should be managed by the use of project management principles. Thus, the objective of the study was to explore the challenges in the preparation of urban plans and their implementation and how project management as an anti-planning measure can improve efficiency in these aspects. A Delphi research method involving surveys among urban planning and project management professionals and experts was used. Findings suggest that the preparation of plans and implementation suffer from several challenges under the conventional process. However, project management can become an anti-planning measure and enable the preparation of plans and implementation efficiently. As advocated by anti-planning, it can enable keeping a journal of the occurrences regularly which would allow diagnosis of the challenges and to take appropriate remedial interventions. Practically, it can enable controlling the schedule, cost, and resources and eliminate uncertainty in urban planning and implementation.

Effectively managing the delivery of Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) for diverse construction projects poses a significant challenge for concrete batch plant supervisors. The formulation of an efficient schedule for dispatching concrete truck mixers is paramount, requiring a delicate balance between practicality and adaptability. The concrete batch plant administrator must establish a productive timetable that aligns activities at the concrete batch facility and construction sites. RMC delivery requests inundate the ready mixed concrete batch plant during specific operational hours, necessitating swift decision-making by the concrete batch plant administrator to create a dispatching schedule that meets the varied requirements of different construction projects. The dispatching schedule time for all batch plants is primarily influenced by the dispatcher administrator's experience and preferences. For instance, a ready mixed concrete batch plant administrator may opt to dispatch as many truck mixers as possible to the busiest construction project. However, while the batch plant waits for the RMC trucks to arrive, this strategy may cause truck congestion at the project site. Clearly, an effective dispatching schedule is crucial for enhancing the overall system efficiency of construction projects and batch plants. This paper initially presents various optimization methods and subsequently analyses the ready mixed concrete system and its transportation strategy, delineating the factors impacting the dispatching schedule. The study then introduces a systematic model employing simulation processes and Genetic Algorithms to optimize the dispatching schedule while minimizing the waiting time of RMC truck mixers at construction projects. The goal of this optimisation is to meet the needs for RMC delivery from various building projects while minimising the impact on casting processes. Ultimately, concrete batch plant administrators will find assistance in organising and managing the dispatching procedure from an automated software that was created utilising the C-sharp programming language and included all pertinent modules. Three cases from the available research were examined, and field data from the DECOM batching facility was applied over the course of three working days to evaluate the software's effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the problem in which weighted jobs with equal processing time and deadline, arriving over times, are scheduled on a single machine. Here, the sum of weights of jobs completed after their deadlines is minimized. For this problem, the offline algorithm, knowing previously about all information of jobs, is studied. We will transform this problem to an equivalent problem in which all the jobs arrive at time 0 and have distinct deadlines. Dynamic programming as one of the algorithmic techniques is applied to the transformed problem. We propose an algorithm that computes the values in O(n²) time, setting up the recursive formula to get the values of the DP array. It shows that the time complexity is improved for the special case, while an O(n²)-time algorithm is proposed for the general problem in which the jobs may have distinct deadlines in the previous work [6]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Animal & Poultry Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Countries routinely offering acellular pertussis vaccine, where long-term protection is not sustained, have the challenge of selecting an optimal schedule to minimise disease among young infants. We conducted a narrative systematic review and synthesis of information to evaluate different pertussis immunisation strategies at controlling pertussis disease, hospitalisation, deaths, and vaccine effectiveness among young infants. We conducted a review of the literature on studies about the primary, booster, and/or maternal vaccination series and synthesised findings narratively. Countries offering the first three doses of vaccine within six-months of life and a booster on or before the second year or life were defined as accelerated primary and booster schedules, respectively. Countries offering primary and booster doses later were defined as extended primary and booster schedules. All search results were screened, and articles reviewed and reconciled, by two authors. The Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Intervention tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias. A total of 98 studies were included in the analyses and the following recurring themes were described: timing of vaccination, vaccine coverage, waning immunity/vaccine effectiveness, direct and indirect effectiveness, switching from an accelerated to extended schedule, impact of changes in testing. The risk of bias was generally low to moderate for most studies. Comparing schedules is challenging and there was insufficient evidence to that one schedule was superior to another. Countries must select a schedule that maintains high vaccine coverage and reduced the risk of delaying the delivery vaccines to protect infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of cargoes transportation scheduling in the transport network represented by an undirected multigraph is considered. Transportations between vertices are provided at predefined time intervals. The iterative algorithm to search for a solution approximate to the optimal one by criterion value is proposed in the problem under consideration. The algorithm is constructed on the base of solutions of mixed integer linear programming problems. The applicability of the algorithm is tested by the example with more than 90 million binary variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manufacturing companies face a significant challenge when developing their master production schedule, navigating unforeseen disruptions during daily operations. Moreover, fluctuations in demand pose a substantial risk to scheduling and are the main cause of instability and uncertainty in the system. To address these challenges, employing flexible systems to mitigate uncertainty without incurring additional costs and generate sustainable responses in industrial applications is crucial. This paper proposes a product-driven system to complement the master production plan generated by a mathematical model. This system incorporates intelligent agents that make production decisions with a function capable of reducing uncertainty without significantly increasing production costs. The agents modify or determine the forecasted production quantities for each cycle or period. In the case study conducted, a master production plan was established for 12 products over a one-year time horizon. The proposed solution achieved an 11.42% reduction in uncertainty, albeit with a 2.39% cost increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Health & Nursing Management / Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi is the property of Logos Medical Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Complex construction projects require appropriate planning that allows for time and cost optimization, maximization of the use of available resources and appropriate investment control. Scheduling is a complicated process, due to the uncertainties and risks associated with construction works, the paper describes the development of the scheduling method traditionally used in Poland, based on data from KNR catalogs, by using the RiskyProject Professional program. In the RiskyProject Professional program, the risk and uncertainty with reference to a specific construction project were modeled, and the calculation results were compared with the real time of the project implementation. The conclusions from the work carried out confirm that the SRA (Schedule Risk Analysis) analysis of the base schedule allows for a more faithful representation of the actual conditions of a construction project. The probability of investment realization generated on the basis of the SRA analysis may be assumed at the level of 75÷90%.

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of a chronological step which leads to the phase or status change in the project management. The main purpose of the research is the wedding event in the start to the end of the activities and the event is represented by a node in the network. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem that an event is a specific instant of time which makes the start or end of an activity and event consumes neither time nor resources. It indicates that an activity is the actual performance of the task and requires time and resources for its completion. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that project management is a tool of functional areas. Investigation of the topic a systematic procedure to implement a weeding event in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence on project management: Methodological tools of the research methods were a couple of years of research. The object of research is the chosen company that carried out the processes of a wedding project at Toronto Metropolitan University, Canada, because namely they derived this event as a project. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis on mathematical calculations which showed that were perfect in graphically. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that it is the work required to complete a couple of specific tasks: determine your event goals and objectives, visualize the event, draw up a budget, develop a timeline, put the plan into action, double-check the project plan, evaluate the event. The results of the research can be useful for a wedding event cycle consists of five stages: plan, organize measure, analyze and share.

The 12th HPV Prevention and Control meeting was held on June 2–3, 2022, in Antwerp, Belgium. This technical meeting focused on several topics. This report summarises the discussions and lessons learned on two topics: an update on one-dose HPV vaccination studies and humoral immune responses upon HPV vaccination. Long-term follow-up studies from Costa Rica (eleven years) and India (ten years) report stable levels of antibodies after a single HPV vaccination. High vaccine effectiveness against incident persistent HPV 16/18 infection was seen in India (95.4%, 85.0–99.9) ten years postvaccination and in Kenya (97.5%, 81.7–99.7) eighteen months postvaccination, an important observation in a setting with a higher HPV prevalence. The potential impact of HPV vaccination using a one-dose schedule in India was modelled and showed that implementation of one-dose schedule can contribute towards achieving WHO Cervical Cancer elimination goals. These data support the WHO SAGE recommendations for adopting a one-dose schedule for females aged 9–20 years. Immunobridging studies were discussed during the meeting. General agreement was reached that when thoughtfully applied, they can support and accelerate the expanded use of HPV vaccine with new vaccine schedules, age cohorts, or vaccine formulations. Internationally standardised measurements of HPV immune responses important for the progress of HPV vaccinology field. Humoral immune responses upon HPV vaccination plateau at 24 months regardless of number of doses, therefore, data should be analysed after at least 24 months of follow-up to bridge studies accurately.

Make a feasible schedule planning for software project, is the foundation to carry out an orderly software project activity, is the key to success of the project. To solve the difficulties of schedule planning, this article studies the science technology and methods, including four aspects: First, using network chart to show the dependencies between activities, including Precedence Diagram Method and Arrow Diagram Method; Second, Program Evaluation and Review Technique is used to evaluate the time of the project activity; Third, the critical path method of determining the project total duration, including deduce from calculation formula of active time and determine the critical path; Fourth, duration compression method based on progress compression factor method. According to the situation of many technologies and methods, studied the main factors considered by selecting techniques and methods. Results show that using scientific technology and method to make the schedule planning, will reduce the workload of planning, improve the accuracy of the plan and have high practical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research in this paper is to present a clutch hub manufacturing process via Gantter, a Gantt chart-based project management software. The Gantt chart is one of the most used planning and controlling tools in project management today and it can be called the main and very important tool for management. It allows the creation and edition of project plans through the implementation of defined activities, their durations, relationships between the activities, appropriate resources, and possible risks. This paper is an example that shows how the logic embedded in projects can be based on real manufacturing processes and applied to a project management tool in order to achieve the goals of the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]