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Hearing disorders greatly impair the comfort of life, change a person's emotional state, and when developed in early childhood lead to disorders of psycho-social formation of personality. There are currently no effective treatments for patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Therefore, all over the world prefer "substitution tactics", namely - hearing aids for deafness, or cochlear implant for deafness. Aim. To evaluate the influence of NEC in different ways of their introduction on the morphological state of the structures of the inner ear (Corti's organ and the first neuron, vascular strip), as well as the auditory nerve on the background of aminoglycoside ototoxicosis. To investigate the characteristics and directions of reorganization of hemoblood supply and features of cyto - and myeloarchitectonics of structures of the inner ear. Materials and methods. To study the effectiveness of neuronal embryonic cells (NEC) in aminoglycoside ototoxicosis, experimental studies were performed on 40 guinea pigs weighing from 500 to 600 g. SNHL was caused by the introduction of aminoglycoside antibiotic - gentamicin sulfate at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 14 days. The neuronal stem cell suspension was administered in a volume of 2 million cells in 0.5 ml intratympanically and 2 million cells in 0.5 ml suboccipitally on days 1 and 15 of the experiment. Results and discussion. The influence of NEC on different methods of their introduction on the morphological state of the structures of the inner ear (Corti's organ and the first neuron), as well as the auditory nerve on the background of aminoglycoside ototoxicosis was evaluated. The characteristics and directions of reorganization of hemoblood supply and features of cyto - and myeloarchitectonics of structures of an inner ear according to an estimation of neurovasal relations are investigated. Conclusions. The data obtained indicate that intratympanic and suboccipital administration of NEC promotes the regeneration of damaged cell structures of the inner ear. This opens the prospect of using NEC to develop new approaches in the treatment of patients with sensorineural hearing loss.

Hearing disorders greatly impair the comfort of life, change a person's emotional state, and when developed in early childhood lead to disorders of psycho-social formation of personality. There are currently no effective treatments for patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Therefore, all over the world prefer "substitution tactics", namely - hearing aids for deafness, or cochlear implant for deafness. Aim. To evaluate the influence of NEC in different ways of their introduction on the morphological state of the structures of the inner ear (Corti's organ and the first neuron, vascular strip), as well as the auditory nerve on the background of aminoglycoside ototoxicosis. To investigate the characteristics and directions of reorganization of hemoblood supply and features of cyto - and myeloarchitectonics of structures of the inner ear. Materials and methods. To study the effectiveness of neuronal embryonic cells (NEC) in aminoglycoside ototoxicosis, experimental studies were performed on 40 guinea pigs weighing from 500 to 600 g. SNHL was caused by the introduction of aminoglycoside antibiotic - gentamicin sulfate at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 14 days. The neuronal stem cell suspension was administered in a volume of 2 million cells in 0.5 ml intratympanically and 2 million cells in 0.5 ml suboccipitally on days 1 and 15 of the experiment. Results and discussion. The influence of NEC on different methods of their introduction on the morphological state of the structures of the inner ear (Corti's organ and the first neuron), as well as the auditory nerve on the background of aminoglycoside ototoxicosis was evaluated. The characteristics and directions of reorganization of hemoblood supply and features of cyto - and myeloarchitectonics of structures of an inner ear according to an estimation of neurovasal relations are investigated. Conclusions. The data obtained indicate that intratympanic and suboccipital administration of NEC promotes the regeneration of damaged cell structures of the inner ear. This opens the prospect of using NEC to develop new approaches in the treatment of patients with sensorineural hearing loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical and audiological investigation of 100 children with indications for cochlear implantation was made. Indirect signs of intrauterine infection were identified, as well as the presence of predisposing factors to the development of exudative otitis media. During the investigation frequency of exudative otitis media (up to 21%) in children with high grade sensoneural hearing loss was made. The severity of lymphoproliferative syndrome and it’s combination with herpesvirus infection markers (Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus). It was found out, that in group of patients with combination of high grade sensoneural hearing loss and exudative otitis media lymphoproliferative syndrome in more, than 77% cases had herpesvirus ethiology and significantly exceed the same data in group of patients with isolated hearing loss.

One of the main causes of the of the inner ear pathology is a viral infection including SARS-CoV-2 virus. On the other hand the psycho-emotional state of patients also affects patients with hearing loss, tinnitus and dizziness, and an increase in depression and anxiety was revealed during the period of self-isolation. Goal of our study was to analyze cochleovestibular pathology in patients with COVID-19. The study involved 84 patients and the leading complaint was hearing loss - in 70 patients, tinnitus - in 54 patients, dizziness - in 50 patients. In addition, an increased anxiety background was found in patients, as well as signs of depression. Thus, the 2020 pandemic period was a high risk period for patients with inner ear pathology, which may be associated not only with the actual pathological effect of the virus on the auditory and vestibular system, but also with changes in the psycho-emotional status of patients.

The incidence of acoustic trauma is growing in our country in connection with the situation in the east of Ukraine. Increased number of auditory system damage resulting from mine blast and other types of acoustic trauma, including those received in real combat conditions, makes the demand to provide quick and timely support to such patients. Also it is important to prevent the development of severe lesions and disability of acoustic analyzer. In this context it is important to study not only the state of various parts of the auditory system, but also the data of the organs and systems activity, that influence the auditory analyzer - extra-aural violations. The article presents the characteristics of auditory function of 59 patients with acoustic traumawho were in the ATO zone. Cerebral blood flow and brain activity was studied by methods of rheoencephalography (REG) and electroencephalography (EEG) with the help of a computer analyzing system «DX - system" (Ukraine). Researches have shown that patients with acoustic trauma who were in the ATO zone had pronounced violations in the bioelectrical brain activity and cerebral hemodynamics. Studies evidenced the presence of pronounced changes in the state of brain activity in the examined patients. According to the obtained data, all patients with acoustic trauma who were in the ATO zone had the cortical brain structures irritation, pronounced irritative biocurrent changes and disruption of basic EEG rhythms. In the surveyed patients there were identified processes of cortical rhythms desynchronization, their disorganization and tendency to zonal difference smoothness, percentage distortionof basic EEG rhythms as compared to the norm, reduction of the alpha-rhythm and growth slow of wave activity, especially in the front projections; is testifies to dysfunction primarily of stem-diencephalic brain structures. Diencephalic structures irritation was detected in 54,2%,stem-diencephalic - in 30,5% of cases. According to REG in the studied patients with acoustic trauma who were in the ATO zone, we found significant changes in cerebral blood flow. Along with difficulty of the venous outflow, increased cerebral vascular tonus, vasoconstriction phenomena typical to SHL, instability cases (47,5%) and decrease (42,4%) of cerebral vascular tonus, were revealed, this distinguishes this SHL type from other ones. The obtained data will be useful in the diagnosis and target treatment of patients with acoustic trauma because they takes into account extra-aural changes and help to improve therapeutic and preventive measures effectiveness. The results of this work demonstrate the advisability of the rheoencephalography and electroencephalography methods in examining patients with acoustic trauma who were in the ATO zone with the aim of further integration during the treatment. Usage of such survey results allows to prove targeted and timely treatment of patients with acoustic trauma and to provide its effectiveness. The findings deepen our knowledge about the role of cerebral circulation and brain activity in the development of sensoneural hearing impairment in acoustic trauma in real combat conditions.

The incidence of acoustic trauma is growing in our country in connection with the situation in the east of Ukraine. Increased number of auditory system damage resulting from mine blast and other types of acoustic trauma, including those received in real combat conditions, makes the demand to provide quick and timely support to such patients. Also it is important to prevent the development of severe lesions and disability of acoustic analyzer. In this context it is important to study not only the state of various parts of the auditory system, but also the data of the organs and systems activity, that influence the auditory analyzer - extra-aural violations. The article presents the characteristics of auditory function of 59 patients with acoustic trauma who were in the ATO zone. Cerebral blood flow and brain activity was studied by methods of rheoencephalography (REG) and electroencephalography (EEG) with the help of a computer analyzing system «DX - system" (Ukraine). Researches have shown that patients with acoustic trauma who were in the ATO zone had pronounced violations in the bioelectrical brain activity and cerebral hemodynamics. Studies evidenced the presence of pronounced changes in the state of brain activity in the examined patients. According to the obtained data, all patients with acoustic trauma who were in the ATO zone had the cortical brain structures irritation, pronounced irritative biocurrent changes and disruption of basic EEG rhythms. In the surveyed patients there were identified processes of cortical rhythms desynchronization, their disorganization and tendency to zonal difference smoothness, percentage distortion of basic EEG rhythms as compared to the norm, reduction of the alpha-rhythm and growth slow of wave activity, especially in the front projections; is testifies to dysfunction primarily of stem-diencephalic brain structures. Diencephalic structures irritation was detected in 54,2%, stem-diencephalic - in 30,5% of cases. According to REG in the studied patients with acoustic trauma who were in the ATO zone, we found significant changes in cerebral blood flow. Along with difficulty of the venous outflow, increased cerebral vascular tonus, vasoconstriction phenomena typical to SHL, instability cases (47,5%) and decrease (42,4%) of cerebral vascular tonus, were revealed, this distinguishes this SHL type from other ones. The obtained data will be useful in the diagnosis and target treatment of patients with acoustic trauma because they takes into account extra-aural changes and help to improve therapeutic and preventive measures effectiveness. The results of this work demonstrate the advisability of the rheoencephalography and electroencephalography methods in examining patients with acoustic trauma who were in the ATO zone with the aim of further integration during the treatment. Usage of such survey results allows to prove targeted and timely treatment of patients with acoustic trauma and to provide its effectiveness. The findings deepen our knowledge about the role of cerebral circulation and brain activity in the development of sensoneural hearing impairment in acoustic trauma in real combat conditions.

The incidence of acoustic trauma is growing in our country in connection with the situation in the east of Ukraine. Increased number of auditory system damage resulting from mine blast and other types of acoustic trauma, including those received in real combat conditions, makes the demand to provide quick and timely support to such patients. Also it is important to prevent the development of severe lesions and disability of acoustic analyzer. In this context it is important to study not only the state of various parts of the auditory system, but also the data of the organs and systems activity, that influence the auditory analyzer - extra-aural violations. The article presents the characteristics of auditory function of 59 patients with acoustic trauma who were in the ATO zone. Cerebral blood flow and brain activity was studied by methods of rheoencephalography (REG) and electroencephalography (EEG) with the help of a computer analyzing system «DX - system" (Ukraine). Researches have shown that patients with acoustic trauma who were in the ATO zone had pronounced violations in the bioelectrical brain activity and cerebral hemodynamics. Studies evidenced the presence of pronounced changes in the state of brain activity in the examined patients. According to the obtained data, all patients with acoustic trauma who were in the ATO zone had the cortical brain structures irritation, pronounced irritative biocurrent changes and disruption of basic EEG rhythms. In the surveyed patients there were identified processes of cortical rhythms desynchronization, their disorganization and tendency to zonal difference smoothness, percentage distortion of basic EEG rhythms as compared to the norm, reduction of the alpha-rhythm and growth slow of wave activity, especially in the front projections; is testifies to dysfunction primarily of stem-diencephalic brain structures. Diencephalic structures irritation was detected in 54,2%, stem-diencephalic - in 30,5% of cases. According to REG in the studied patients with acoustic trauma who were in the ATO zone, we found significant changes in cerebral blood flow. Along with difficulty of the venous outflow, increased cerebral vascular tonus, vasoconstriction phenomena typical to SHL, instability cases (47,5%) and decrease (42,4%) of cerebral vascular tonus, were revealed, this distinguishes this SHL type from other ones. The obtained data will be useful in the diagnosis and target treatment of patients with acoustic trauma because they takes into account extra-aural changes and help to improve therapeutic and preventive measures effectiveness. The results of this work demonstrate the advisability of the rheoencephalography and electroencephalography methods in examining patients with acoustic trauma who were in the ATO zone with the aim of further integration during the treatment. Usage of such survey results allows to prove targeted and timely treatment of patients with acoustic trauma and to provide its effectiveness. The findings deepen our knowledge about the role of cerebral circulation and brain activity in the development of sensoneural hearing impairment in acoustic trauma in real combat conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To study ultrastructural changes in stria's vascularis cells of inner ear and determine possible ways of correction., Material and Methods: The work was carried out on male guinea pigs. After completion of the experiment, stria vascularis of inner ear was subjected to electron microscopic examination., Results and Discussion: In the control group (receiving gentamycin sulfate in an ototoxic dose), signs of blood flow disturbance were revealed, as well as ultrastructural changes in stria's vascularis cells (expansion of intercellular space, deformation of organelles, thinning of glycocalyx, blebbing). Also, fragmented cells were found. These changes are characteristics for apoptosis. In experimental group (receiving gentamycin sulfate and melaxen), degenerative changes were less pronounced. An increase of cell's secretory activity was observed., Conclusion: Changes in stria's vascularis cells by using melaxen are less pronounced. Increase of cell's secretory activity in stria vascularis is a compensatory reaction and saves auditory function.