Search

Dupuytren disease is a fibroproliferative disorder that affects the palmar fascia of the hand and results in varying degrees of nodule and cord formation. Over time, patients may develop progressive contractures, impairing their ability to type, to perform with fine instruments, or to participate in social activities such as shaking hands. Treatment options for Dupuytren contractures include needle aponeurotomy (NA), injection of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) with manipulation of the digits, and surgical fasciectomy. Over the past decade, the use of CCH has increased. Recent studies have provided additional data regarding the pathophysiology, indications, outcomes, and costs associated with the treatment for Dupuytren contractures, and this review highlights these advances.

Hand osteoarthritis (HOA) is one of the most common causes of pain and functional disability in western countries and there is still no definitive cure. Low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) has anti-inflammatory properties that have shown to be effective in the symptomatic relief of various degenerative musculoskeletal disorders. We designed a clinical protocol using LDRT for symptomatic HOA and present results and tolerance in the first 100 patients included. Between April 2015 and March 2021, 100 patients with a median age of 60 were treated. Fifty-seven patients suffering from proximal/distal interphalangeal joint pain, 40 patients with thumb arthritis, 2 patients with radiocarpal joint affection and 1 patient with metacarpophalangeal joint pain were enrolled. LDRT comprised of 6 fractions of 0.5–1 Gy on every other day up to a total dose of 3–6 Gy. Clinical response was evaluated according to the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain level and the von Pannewitz score (VPS) for joint functionality. Any patients not achieving subjective adequate pain relief after 8 weeks of treatment were offered a second identical LDRT course. With a median follow-up of 10.5 months (range 7.55–12.45), 94% reported an improvement in the pain, with a significant reduction in the VAS level after 3, 6 and 12 months (p

Gold mining activities can increase people's income and be detrimental if the correct processing process does not follow the implementation. This illegal gold mining and processing of gold ore use mercury. In the gold laundering process, who should carry out mercury with the correct procedures and knowledge. Still, in this illegal gold mining, the miners wash gold using mercury without using personal protective equipment so that the miners are in direct contact with the mercury used. Continuous, direct contact with heavy metals can cause an increase in chemical elements in the body caused by the bioaccumulation system. The purpose of this literature review is to determine the health problems caused by heavy metals in illegal gold mining. The database searches used are Garuda Portal and Google Scholar. There were 24 articles, and only ten were used, which were suitable through analysis of objectives, suitability of topics, analysis of results, and research locations. Based on the results of studies conducted, miners suffer from chronic and acute diseases. Chronic diseases suffered are liver dysfunction, decreased leukocytes, paralysis of limbs, numbness, and tremors. Symptoms felt by Parkinson's disease are constantly shaking hands and feet, facial muscles always moving involuntarily. Lips move unconsciously, lack passion for activities, difficulty sleeping, sometimes peaking emotions, poor memory, cramps during cold weather conditions, and often feel anxious. In contrast, the acute diseases that arise are acute poisoning, diarrhea, ARI, eye disease, vertigo, miscarriage, skin disease.

This study encourages the disclosure of cultural values contained in the book al-‘Arabiyyah Baina Yadaik which is used in learning maharah kalam at the middle school level. Teaching cultural-based maharah kalam is important in learning Arabic. Cultural values contained in textbooks must be adapted to the way they are taught to students. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study method at Dar el-Iman Junior High School, Padang, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out using in-depth observations, interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique was based on Miles and Huberman's theory which encompassed data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusion. The data obtained were validated with data triangulation techniques and data sources. This study showed that the cultural values adopted from the book al-‘Arabiyyah Baina Yadaik in Junior High School of Dar el-Iman are associated with what students have done every day, such as saying greetings when they first meet, not shaking hands between men and women, getting used to good pronunciation of sentences, and etc. It is necessary to test the effectiveness of the use of al-‘Arabiyyah Baina Yadaik textbook in improving students' maharah kalam, to become a reference for teachers in choosing the right maharah kalam textbook.

Types of greetings are the kinds of movements that result from the greeting process in the form of greetings to someone / another person which will have an impact on the child's motoric skills from the various greeting movements. Variety of greetings is synonymous with the diversity produced by the greeting itself, thus creating gestures similar to greetings. The kinds of greetings referred to are in the form of Assalamu'alaikum, movements of shaking hands, gestures of hugs and clapping movements. The purpose of this study was to determine children's motoric development through the application of various greetings at IT Mon Kuta Kindergarten in Lambhuk Village, Banda Aceh. This research uses qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques, namely through interviews and observations. The data analysis technique in this study is a collection of data that has been obtained from the results of children's observations that researchers have done since the beginning of each aspect of research activities, the results that have been collected are entered into the observation sheet. The results showed that the children's motoric development had started well. The motoric development of the child is done through a variety of ways, namely that the child can mimic movements and control movements. So, through various greetings activities can develop children's motoric aspects.

How does regime type affect the likelihood of negotiated settlements that end civil conflicts? A limited number of previous studies have offered divergent theories and mixed findings about whether democracy is an asset or a liability. I draw these disparate findings together and present a novel theory on why leaders under fully democratic and autocratic regimes may have a particularly difficult time in peacemaking, and how leaders in anocratic (hybrid) regimes are more likely to be successful in reaching negotiated settlements. Thus, I hypothesize that the relationship between regime type and the likelihood of conflict-resolution is inverted U-shaped. I test this hypothesis using data on all internal conflicts between 1946 and 2014, and find empirical support. The findings suggest that even if anocracies are more prone to the outbreak of civil wars as has been proposed by previous studies, they are also better at settling these conflicts.

This journal aims to find out the strategies that can be carried out by school principals to develop Islamic culture for schools characterized by Islam (Integrated Islam). The results of research conducted in all SMPs in Tanayan Raya Pekanbaru District, almost all school principals have implemented Islamic culture that is the hallmark of Integrated Islamic Schools (IT) including principals implementing policies to familiarize themselves with S3 (greetings, smiles, and greetings), getting used to shaking hands between teacher and teacher and with students, getting used to praying before and after learning, reading the Qur'an, getting used to praying the Dhuha Zhuhur and Asr in the congregation, Muhadarah. In addition to the above policy, the principle also applies the Exemplary method, familiarizes good things, enforces discipline, provides motivation, and cooperation with parents in upholding Islamic culture

This study aims to determine the social and cultural changes of the community towards health in the Village of Panciro, Gowa Regency. This research method uses a qualitative approach and descriptive type. Data sources of this research are interviews and documentation. Activities in data analysis include data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that traditional treatments or modern treatments can be a comparison in society, but all returned with that choice, in which both have the same goal of treating illness and healing albeit in different ways between the two. There are community norms that are strongly held by the Gowa community where men should not be shaking hands with a woman who is not his mahram (not related by blood), so a woman must be treated by a doctor of the same sex. The Government of Gowa Regency pays attention to the health sector by cutting the administration process to hasten the queue so that this can be a trigger for people to prefer treatment at the hospital rather than traditional medicine.

This article is the result of a research which is based on various cases of phatic communication in various contexts, namely, industrial context, social relation context, multicultural society context, and educational context. This is a qualitative study using a case study approach. The aim of this research is to describe and analyze the implications of phatic communication in improving learning at IAIN Salatiga. Techniques of collecting data used in this research are focused group discussion (FGD), interview and observation. The research findings show that phatic communication between lecturer and student at IAIN Salatiga is well established in the form of greeting, nodding, shaking hands with kissing hands, ringing motorcycle horns while nodding head. Phatic communication also has implications in improving learning for students in all departments at IAIN Salatiga.

The responsibility of Islamic education cannot be carried out unilaterally. Ki Hajar Dewantara stated that it requires the cooperation of three components which called as tripusat pendidikan education (center of three in education), they are families, educational institutions, and society. Those three components are one unit and complement each other. This is what happened at MTs Zainur Ridla (Islamic Junior High School Zainur Ridla) and MTs. Bustanul Ulum (Islamic Junior High School Bustanul Ulum), both of them are in Nonggunong District, Sumenep Regency. The findings in this research indicate that student’s guardians in MTs Zainur Ridla and MTs Bustanul Ulum Nonggunong have awareness about the responsibility of Islamic education. Second, all teacher councils in those two Islamic Junior High School stated that educating responsibility was on their control with habituation for their students in the form of reciting Shalawat Nariyah, reciting short surahs before the lesson began, praying before and after the lesson, shaking hands with teacher councils when coming and going home. Third, the participation of the society in realizing the responsibility of Islamic education through the media and the tradition of Kompolan. Fourth, the pattern of cooperation between madrasah (school) and student’s guardians in the form of: Home visits, inviting student’s guardians, forming madrasah supporting body, and report cards. While the pattern of cooperation between madrasah and society is their involvement in PHBI (Commemoration Islamic Feast Day) activities, their involvement in camp activities, their involvement in accepting new students, and their involvement in enforcing the discipline and regulations at madrasah.

This research is related to the source of the Koran regarding the culture of students who kiss the hands of clerics or scholars with the belief to get blessings (tabarruk). The are two formulations of the problem, namely what is the view of the Koran regarding the culture of shaking hands by kissing the hands of scholars or kyai? Can kissing the hands of scholars or kyai get blessings according to the Qur’an? This study uses verse analysis and interpretation of the Qur’an with the mauḍū’īy (thematic) interpretation method. As for the conclusion that kissing the hands of a cleric or cleric as a form is permissible in the Qur’an, even the Qur’an obliges to glorify the ulama. The handshake by kissing the cleric’s hand, according to the Qur’an, can invite blessings from Allah because in the Qur’an one of the things that causes blessings to come down for people who always greet and stay in touch. Even in the Qur’an it is stated that then ulama are those who fear Allah, and those who are pious according to the Qur’an will be blessed by Allah SWT.

Hand drying is the critical, final step of handwashing. A cross-sectional survey of U.S. adults assessed self-reported hand drying practices in public bathrooms and found increased preference for using electric hand dryers, wiping hands on clothing, and shaking hands and decreased preference for using paper towels during the COVID-19 pandemic relative to before. Respondents expressed concerns about contacting SARS-CoV-2 when touching surfaces in public bathrooms which may be influencing self-reported drying method preference.

The purpose of this research is to reveal about Princess Diana’s role in society in Andrew Morton Diana: Her True Story – In Her Own Words. This research is classified as a qualitative research. The data gathered are in the form of words as well as quotation. The writer collects the data from two kinds of sources namely primary source and secondary. The primary data source was taken from the Biography book Diana: Her True Story – In Her Own Words by Andrew Morton. And the secondary source is other material that supports the analysis, such as website. The result of this study shows the role of Princess Diana in society. Diana as a Princess actives in humanitarian activities, she was always seen visit and entertain AIDS sufferers, leprosy and other diseases, she also actively visited homeless people in shelters, she was active in supporting human welfare, and actively raised funds and formed charities to help people who need help. The one thing that Diana had done that shocked the world at the time was when she broke the stigma about Aids, that touching or shaking hands with people with Aids would get infected, but Diana shook their hands and even sat close and comforted them.Humanitarian, Princess, Lady Diana, Biographical Approach.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a problem faced by almost all countries in the world including Indonesia. Transportation sector actors are amongst those vulnerable to the impact of COVID-19. This study analyses the application of health protocols carried out by people using transportation facilities during the pandemic. The method used is qualitative analysis with exploratory steps with participatory observation techniques. The results show that the awareness of some people about the COVID-19 pandemic has not paid much attention to its impact, so that in this case the role of doctors in monitoring transportation is very important. Namely by socializing transportation service users by implementing health protocol efforts including wearing masks, avoiding shaking hands and washing hands with soap, and so on. The impact of the pandemic on transportation services has decreased. Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic, Transportation, Role of Doctors, Health Protocols

Die Problemstellung, auf die wir in dieser Bachelorarbeit eingehen, ist die Annahme, dass in der Sozialen Arbeit mit Klient*innen mit Migrationshintergrund durchaus befremdliche Situa-tionen auftreten können. Wir gehen darauf ein, ob Genderunterschiede die Soziale Arbeit im Migrationskontext beeinflussen und wie sich dies weiter auf die gemeinsame Zusammenar-beit und Beziehung auswirkt. Unsere Forschungsfrage lautet: „Welche genderspezifischen Befremdungen erleben im Sozialbereich Tätige im Kultur- und Migrationskontext und welchen Einfluss haben sie auf die gemeinsame Arbeit?“ Auf die theoretische Basis gestützt, beschäftigt sich der Hauptteil unserer empirischen Forschungsarbeit mit den Beobachtungen, Erzählungen und Wahrnehmungen von Sozial Arbeitenden. Anhand der Interpretationen der beiden von uns organisierten Gesprächskreise gelangen wir zu unseren Forschungsergebnissen, bei denen unter anderem folgende Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden konnten. Eine große Rolle spielen Erzählungen über die kulturell-geschlechtliche Befremdung beim Begrüßen und Verabschieden, konkreter beim Händeschütteln. Auch der Aspekt des sprachlichen „Gender Gaps“ kommt hinzu und stellt eine von mehreren identifizierten patriarchalen Beziehungsdynamiken dar. Für die Gesprächskreisteilnehmenden war außerdem der in ihren Augen stark heteronormative oder widersprüchliche Umgang der Klient*innen mit Homosexualität befremdlich. Eine weitere irritierende Erfahrung stellt die Weitergabe von für sie befremdlichen Geschlechterrollen in der Kindererziehung durch Klient*innen dar. Aus diesen Erkenntnissen erstellten wir eine in der Praxis anwendbare Projektskizze, welche eine Grundidee für einen mehrtägigen Sensibilisierungs- und Reflexionsworkshop umreißt. The issue that this bachelor thesis approaches is the assumption that disconcerting situations in social work can happen while working with people with a migratory background. We will discuss whether gender differences influence social work in a migration context and if this then affects the cooperation and relationship between client and social worker. Our research question is: “What gender specific disconcertment do people who work in a migratory social work context experience and how does it affect the collaboration?” Supported by the theoretical base, the main part of this empirical thesis focuses on observa-tions, narratives and perceptions of the questioned social workers. By interpreting the two group interviews, which were organised and conducted by us, we came to our research re-sults, which include the following findings. Stories about cultural- and gender based disconcertment while shaking hands as a salutation- or farewell ritual, play an important role. So does the aspect of linguistic “gender gaps”, which marks one of our identified patriarchal relationship dynamics. The participants perceived the clients’ heteronormative and sometimes contradictory interaction with homosexuality as disconcerting. They are also irritated by the passing on of - in their opinion - disconcerting gender roles when it comes to raising children. Based on these finding we created a project draft that can realistically be put into action. The basic idea is to conduct a workshop that focuses on sensitisation and reflection.

Individual cell types are specified by transcriptional programs which act during development. Gene regulatory mechanisms which specify subtype identity of central complex (CX) neurons are the subject of intense investigation. The CX is a compartment within the brain common to all insect species. The CX functions as a “command center” by initiating motor actions in response to incoming information. The CX is made up of several thousand neurons with more than 60 morphologically distinct identities. Accordingly, transcriptional programs must effect the specification of at least as many neuronal subtypes. Here we demonstrate a role for the transcription factor Shaking hands (Skh) in the specification of embryonic CX neurons inTribolium. The developmental dynamics ofTc-skhexpression are characteristic for terminal selectors of neuronal subtype identity. In the embryonic brainTc-skhexpression is restricted to a subset of neurons, many of which survive to adulthood and contribute to the mature CX.Tc-skhexpression is maintained throughout the lifetime of the respective CX neurons.Tc-skhknock-down results in severe axon outgrowth defects thus preventing the formation of an embryonic CX primordium. The as yet unstudiedDrosophila skhshows a similar embryonic expression pattern suggesting that subtype specification of CX neurons may be conserved.

Psoriasis patients experience negative attitudes and behaviors exhibited by people who have insufficient knowledge about psoriasis. In this study, the knowledge level of the society about psoriasis; people's attitudes toward such patients were investigated. A questionnaire that investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to psoriasis according to age, gender, and education levels was applied to the participants. About a quarter of participants in the study did not have any knowledge about psoriasis, 22.9% participants who thought that they knew about psoriasis believed that psoriasis was an infectious disease, 34.2% indicated that they were afraid of shaking hands with patients who had psoriasis, 45.4% did not wish to eat any food prepared by such patients, and 13.4% did not want to work with them in the same workplace. Female participants were more concerned that psoriasis was contagious (P = .030) than male participants, and they were more concerned about shaking hands (P = .022) and eating food prepared by psoriasis patients (P = .009). Both the psoriasis is little known and the level of knowledge of the participants who think they have knowledge about psoriasis was insufficient and prejudiced attitudes and behaviors are common in patients with psoriasis.

This study aims to explain about moral education efforts in Sambas High School Muhammadiyah students. This research is a field research using qualitative data analysis. the results of the study that the efforts made in the formation and moral development of students in Sambas Muhammadiyah High School used two approaches. First, through a habituation approach. Habitual activities in schools such as performing the midnight prayer in congregation, carrying out reading the Qur'an, reading prayers before learning and after study, habituating to shaking hands when students meet with the teacher. Second, through the exemplary approach. Teachers who teach at Sambas Muhammadiyah High School try to be good teachers and can provide good examples of their students. This example is done to create generations that have good morals.

COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has emerged and it is rapidly spreading throughout the world and subsequently causing great damage to the global economy and health-care. Patients with diabetes or other comorbidities are at a greater risk of developing severe illness. Knowledge and awareness are key elements to stimulate practice of preventive measures. The present study evaluated the level of knowledge and awareness about COVID-19 among individuals with diabetes and their compliance with the preventive measures against it. A total of 242 individuals who were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and were 18 years or older participated in the study. The data was collected using an interview based questionnaire. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) version 24. The mean age ± SD of the study population was 50.78 ± 11.24 years. In this study, 215 (88.8%) participants were aware that COVID-19 is caused by a virus and the disease is spread through droplets after sneezing or touching and shaking hands with an infected person (78.5%). However, only half the study populace regularly monitored their glucose level and complied with the “sick day rules” that is applicable during this pandemic. The present study indicates that despite the adequate knowledge and awareness about the coronavirus disease, the study participants were non-compliant with the practice of preventive and precautionary measures against the pandemic.

Brazil’s president, Jair Bolsonaro, has fired his popular health minister, Luiz Henrique Mandetta, after weeks of conflicting messages from the two men about the risks associated with the covid-19 pandemic and what should be done about them. Mandetta has supported state governors, most of whom have closed non-essential businesses and urged citizens to stay indoors, while Bolsonaro has argued that “the real problem is hysteria” and urged Brazilians to continue life as normal while making a point of greeting crowds of supporters and shaking hands. Bolsonaro, who had earlier told an interviewer that Mandetta “lacked humility” and said that he would fire officials who were “full of themselves,” replaced Mandetta with the oncologist and entrepreneur Nelson Teich. A recent poll showed 76% support for Mandetta’s handling of the crisis, while only 39% backed Bolsonaro’s approach. In Brazil’s cities, …

This study aimed to determine the interaction in group communication in the Bogor Runners community. The study used a method with a descriptive quantitative approach and was tested by Rank Spearman correlation. The research sample was 56 members of the Bogor Runners Community who were taken using accidental sampling technique. The results of the study indicate that (1) Shaking hands when meeting other members, (2) Giving a smile when meeting other members, (3) Making a telephone conversation when not meeting directly with other members, (4) Pleasing and open when communicate with other members, (5) Share running sports experiences with other members, (6) Give opinions in discussion activities. Interactions that occur in the group communication process have an interpretation rate of 4.33 and are in a very good category.Keywords: Interaction, Community, Group Communication.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sufficient knowledge, positive attitudes, and correct practices are crucial for the prevention of COVID-19.This study aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of a sample of Sudanese residents towards COVID-19.A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted on 812 participants, including both sexes and aged 18 years and above, with the exclusion of health care workers. Considerable care was taken to include people with different education levels.Among the survey respondents (n=812), 45.8% were women, 40.4% held a bachelor's degree, 5.7% were uneducated, and 51.1% were aged 18-25 years. The overall correct rate of the knowledge questionnaire was 78.2%; 66.9% agreed that religious gatherings and events should be cancelled to prevent the spread of COVID-19; 34.1% of respondents wore medical masks; and 57.9% avoided shaking hands in recent days.This study showed that sampled Sudanese residents have incomplete knowledge and poor practices towards COVID-19. However, we found that women and people aged 18-25 years were more knowledgeable and had more positive attitudes towards COVID-19. We hope that concerned authorities will establish awareness programmes to improve the ability to combat this disease.معلومات واتجاهات وممارسات السكان السودانيين تجاه كوفيد-19.احمد حزيمه، عبدالملك الجعفري، عبد المعز الجعفري، عبد القادر محمد، إبراهيم عادل.إن مرض فيروس كورونا 2019 (كوفيد-19) عدوى تنفسية حادة وخيمة ناجمة عن فيروس كورونا المسبب للمتلازمة التنفسية الحادة الوخيمة 2 (فيروس كورونا سارس- 2).وتُعَدُّ المعرفة الكافية، والمواقف الإيجابية، والممارسات الصحيحة أمرًا هامًا في الوقاية من كوفيد-19.هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تقييم معلومات ومواقف وممارسات عينة من السكان السودانيين تجاه كوفيد-19.أجري مسح مجتمعي مقطعي على 812 مشاركاً من كلا الجنسين في سن 18 عامًا فما فوق، باستثناء العاملين في الرعاية الصحية. وأوليت عناية كبيرة لإدماج ذوي المستويات التعليمية المختلفة.من بين الذين استجابوا للمسح (وعددهم 812)، كانت 45.8٪ من النساء، وكان 40.4٪ حاصلين على درجة البكالوريوس، و 5.7٪ غير متعلمين، و 51.1٪ في سن 25-18 عامًا.وكان المعدل الإجمالي الصحيح لاستبيان المعرفة 78.2٪؛ ووافق 66.9٪ على ضرورة إلغاء التجمعات والمناسبات الدينية لمنع انتشار فيروس كوفيد-19؛ وارتدى 34.1٪ من المستجيبين كمامات طبية؛ وتجنب 57.9٪ مصافحة الأيدي في الأيام الأخيرة.أظهرت الدراسة أن العينة المختارة للسكان السودانيين ليس لديهم معرفة مكتملة وما زالت ممارساتهم سيئة تجاه كوفيد-19. ومع ذلك، وجدنا أن النساء ومن يتراوح سنهم بين 25-18 عامًا كانوا أكثر دراية ومواقفهم إيجابية تجاه كوفيد-19. نأمل أن تنشئ السلطات المعنية برامج توعية لتحسين القدرة على مكافحة هذا المرض.Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques vis-à-vis de la COVID-19 dans la population soudanaise.La maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) est une infection respiratoire aiguë sévère causée par le coronavirus 2 du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS-CoV-2). Des connaissances suffisantes, des attitudes positives et des pratiques correctes sont cruciales pour la prévention de la COVID-19.La présente étude a évalué les connaissances, les attitudes et les pratiques concernant la COVID-19 dans la population soudanaise.Des enquêtes transversales au niveau communautaire ont été menées auprès de 812 participants, hommes et femmes de 18 ans et plus, à l’exclusion des agents de santé. Un soin considérable a été apporté pour inclure des personnes ayant des niveaux d’éducation différents.Parmi les personnes ayant répondu à l’enquête (n = 812), 45,8 % étaient des femmes, 40,4 % étaient titulaires d’une licence, 5,7 % n’étaient pas diplômés et 51,1 % étaient âgées de 18 à 25 ans. Le taux correct global du questionnaire sur les connaissances était de 78,2 % ; 66,9 % ont convenu que les rassemblements et les événements religieux devraient être annulés pour empêcher la propagation de la COVID-19 ; 34,1 % des répondants portaient des masques médicaux ; et 57,9 % ont évité de se serrer la main les jours avant l’enquête.La présente étude a montré que les connaissances concernant la COVID-19 sont encore incomplètes dans la population soudanaise et que les pratiques à ce sujet sont mauvaises. Cependant, nous avons constaté que les femmes et les personnes âgées de 18 à 25 ans étaient mieux informées et avaient des attitudes plus positives vis-à-vis de la COVID-19. Nous espérons que les autorités concernées mettront en place des programmes de sensibilisation pour améliorer la capacité de lutte contre cette maladie.

Although Japan has progressed rapidly in the aspects of technology and science, yet its cultural values remain to be maintained. One of the cultural values that still exist until now is the expression of greeting gestured which is called ojigi. Nevertheless it is questionable as the times to what extent the present generation signify the culture of ojigi in their daily lives. Do they still practice ojigi and understand the meaning? To answer this question, two methods used in collecting data were library research and questionnaire. It was conducted directly in Japan to high school students and other youth. Based on the results of data analysis it is found that (1) Since the beginning ojigi is a greeting culture that has a great significance and practiced faithfully in the Japanese life. It has changed in Japanese society however as the times. (2) based on a questionnaire survey of young Japanese, it has indeed changed to the culture of ojigi. Some people have replaced it by shaking hands which is a western culture. Some even do not practice ojigi anymore.

Researchers have examined the impact of the politics-administration dichotomy on the practice and theory of public administration within the United States. But the dichotomy also influenced patterns of international engagement by American experts in the 1920s and 1930s. Americans believed that they could set politics aside and collaborate on administrative questions with regimes that did not respect democracy and human rights. This belief was tested after the rise of Hitler. American experts in public administration engaged with the Nazi regime for three years, ignoring controversy over Nazi policies. The breaking point came in 1936. American experts finally recognized that it was impossible to ignore political questions and became forthright proponents of "democratic administration." This struggle to define the boundaries of international engagement is relevant today, as specialists in public administration find themselves in a world where a shared commitment to democracy and human rights cannot be taken for granted.

Setting Five Colombian cities: Villavicencio, Pereira, Cucuta, Bucaramanga and Bosa. Objective To describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices related to tuberculosis (TB) in household contacts (HHCs) of TB patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. The estimated sample size required was 855. The World Health Organization guide 'Advocacy, communication and social mobilization for TB control: a guide to developing knowledge, attitude and practice surveys' was translated into Spanish and adapted to the dialect of each city. HHCs were invited to participate in the study and included if they agreed. Results We interviewed 878 HHCs. Most of them knew that TB was transmitted by airborne droplets; however, 52.2% also said that TB could be transferred from one person to another by sharing plates or clothes or shaking hands. Fifty-five per cent of HHCs acquired TB-related information from health care workers, and 44% from family members and friends. Fear was the main reaction reported by HHCs when they were informed of a TB diagnosis (60%). Eighty-five per cent of HHCs answered that the community rejects or avoids TB cases. Conclusion There are significant gaps in the knowledge about TB and the stigmatisation associated with it. Educational strategies should be designed together with the community to demystify many misconceptions about TB.

BACKGROUND Effectively interacting with patients defines the consummate clinician. OBJECTIVE As part of a broader study, we examined how 12 carefully selected attending physicians interacted with patients during inpatient teaching rounds. DESIGN A multisite study using an exploratory, qualitative approach. PARTICIPANTS Exemplary teaching physicians were identified using modified snowball sampling. Of 59 potential participants, 16 were contacted, and 12 agreed to participate. Current and former learners of the participants were also interviewed. Participants were from hospitals located throughout the United States. INTERVENTION Two researchers-a physician and a medical anthropologist-conducted 1-day site visits, during which they observed teaching rounds and patient-physician interactions and interviewed learners and attendings. MEASUREMENTS Field notes were taken during teaching rounds. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and code reports were generated. RESULTS The attendings generally exhibited the following 3 thematic behaviors when interacting with patients: (1) care for the patient's well-being by being a patient advocate and forming a bond with the patient; (2) consideration of the "big picture" of the patient's medical and social situation by anticipating what the patient may need upon discharge and inquiring about the patient's social situation; and (3) respect for the patient through behaviors such as shaking hands with the patient and speaking with the patient at eye level by sitting or kneeling. CONCLUSIONS The key findings of our study (care for the patient's well-being, consideration of the "big picture," and respect for the patient) can be adopted and honed by physicians to improve their own interactions with hospitalized patients.

This study examines gap—traditional reciprocal associations common in Central Asia. Gap is an unofficial, regular get-together of people of similar age bound by socially acknowledged ties. The study argues that gap represents a communal type of civil society featuring many differences from analogous groups in Western liberal societies. Gap may effect social consciousness and facilitate mobilisation. The study also analyses modern forms of gap such as joint savings funds, female-only get-togethers, and internet-based gap.

We live in an era where various forms of discrimination are reconfigured, disguised, and hidden through different mechanisms. Blacks and other racially marginalized groups may not be officially enslaved or colonized, but they continue to be victims of subtle forms of racism hidden through smiles. Smiling, in other words, is used as a veil to hide deep-seated racial prejudice against people of color in institutions, like schools and the workplace.

This research focuses on the human robot communication, where the robot is remotely operated by human. Thus this communication is regarded as “human” and “remote human” communication through the telepresence robot. In order to increase the presence of the remote human, the robot needs to be an anthropomorphic. The purpose of this researches is to clarify what kind of impression a human has when interacting with the robot hand expressing physiological phenomena of remote human. In particular, there has been no research on anthropomorphic robots that express heartbeats. Therefore, we investigate the impression of a remotely operated robot hand that expresses heartbeat. For this purpose, this paper focuses on handshake communication. In this paper, we develop a handshake robot hand assuming handshake between remote locations. After that, we perform the impression evaluation to confirm remote presence by shaking hands with the developed robot hand. The experimental results suggest that the robot hand could improve the feeling of shaking hands with the remote operator by expressing the heartbeat. In addition, it was suggested that the personality and emotions of the remote operator could be transmitted by strength of grip and expression of heartbeat.

This chapter delves into the puzzling world of the International Criminal Court’s social media presence: who is the voice of the Court? What are they sharing? How are they doing it? Increasingly peeking out from behind the scenes of the courtroom, the Court has a noteworthy tendency to post photos of the ICC’s President and Chief Prosecutor shaking hands with world leaders and dignitaries and hashtagging them with snappy phrases like #justicematters, #endimpunity, and #withoutfearorfavour, on the social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook. This chapter reflects on what these visual displays of cooperation and their corresponding hashtags reveal about the Court’s commitments to transparency, justice and outreach, even in the absence of trials and judgements.

Previous studies have found that repeatedly exposed to a threatening situation may reduce doctors' level of empathy, reducing psychological stress and avoiding burnout and compassion fatigue. However, many essential studies found that it does not seem universal but rather modulated by group membership. In this study, we recorded event-related potentials (ERP) when doctors and controls watched visual stimuli describing patients attacking doctors (Threat events) or shaking hands with doctors (Neutral events). The present study showed an early N190 and a later centro-parietal P3 differential amplitude between threat stimuli and neutral stimuli were observed in the controls. For the doctors, there was such ERP differentiation in early N190. However, later stage P3 differential amplitude was not observed. The current research suggests that doctors could regulate empathy and avoid allocating more attention resources when processing social threats to ensure treatment efficiency and avoid burnout.

Objective To determine how patients want to be greeted by clinicians on a first encounter in the clinical setting.Setting A UK dental teaching hospital in 2015/16.Materials and methods Data was collected prospectively via 450 patient questionnaires. The results were stratified by generational cohort and compared to assess if there was an association between patient preferences and the generational theory.Results Patients preferred to be greeted informally by their first name and didn't mind how the clinician introduced themselves or preferred them to use their first name also. Patients showed a preference to shake hands with their clinician, particularly in older generational cohorts. The majority of patients believed that it was helpful to know the training grade of the clinician providing treatment but didn't understand what the different grades meant. Patients believed that explaining the different training grades and using colour-coded uniforms would be useful.Conclusions Consideration should be given to addressing patients informally by their first name and shaking hands at a first encounter. Clinicians should routinely disclose their training grade when introducing themselves and consideration should be given to providing patients with an explanation of the different training grades and using colour-coded uniforms to avoid confusion.

Mudik lebaran(visiting hometown on Idul Fitri Days) is an annual tradition which is never left by most urban people who are originallyfrom smalleror othertown. Some days before Idul Fitri day, we can see how crowded the traffic is. It is a unique phenomenon of Idul Fitri which is especially found in Indonesia. Lebaran/ Idul fitri is a specific example about how Islamic idioms are creatively intrepreted in Indonesian culture. This unique and specific example of lebaran in Indonesia can be seen not only on the phenomenon of mudik but also on the situation and idioms such as takbiran, shaking hands, sungkeman, halal bi halal, ziarah kubur (visit cemetery) before lebaran and before the month of Ramadhan (nyadran), lebaran banquet, giving some moneytochildren, etc. Besidesthe explanation ofthe meaning of lebaran from normative sides, it is necessary to reveal the subjective meaning of lebaran tradition. This research revealed those meanings through phenomenological perspedive and analyzed them with psychoanalysis. Using the logotherapytheory of Viktor Frankl, it was found thatthe values ofthe tradition to go hometown during Idul Fitri days helped them to find the meaning of life. The values or meanings which could be found are: the meaning of family relatives and its education valueforthe family, existence meaning, primordial meaning, and transformative meaning. Those meanings indeed are very beneficial forthem as a therapyto revitalizetheir individual and social lives. Mudik can improvetheir mental health and bring happiness.

The reproductive system of the female Ethusa mascarone was studied with a combination of histological and MRI-techniques. The study reveals a completely new type of eubrachyuran seminal receptacle. This receptacle consists of two largely separate chambers that engage with each other in a manner similar to shaking hands. One chamber facing the medial axis is lined by cuticle while the second chamber consists of a thick holocrine epithelium. Both chambers are connected by two openings of a unique structure. First, the glandular chamber opens ventro-laterally to the cuticle chamber via a laterally flattened connective duct that is lined by a highly folded cuticle. A second opening connects both chambers dorsally with the oviduct orifice. A distinct character is the cuticular hook-like projection that is situated in between the connection of oviduct opening, the glandular chamber and the cuticle chamber of the seminal receptacle. The complete seminal receptacle exhibits a combination of plesiomorphic and apomorphic characters. The arrangement of the receptacles featured in two separate chambers, including the ventro-lateral connection of the glandular chamber to the cuticle chamber, presumably reflects an early evolutionary stage of an eubrachyuran receptacle. In contrast, the dorso-lateral opening between both chambers, including the hook-like projection, appears to be an apomorphic character of at least E. mascarone. J. Morphol., 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

One of the critical components of the ITER poloidal field (PF) coils is the electrical joint connecting two conductor lengths. The lap “shaking hands” joints will operate under variable field, causing parasitic-induced currents in superconducting strands and temperature rise of the strands. Previously, some design changes for decreasing the induced currents in the joints were proposed and assessed with the JackPot-ACDC model. In this paper, we use the same model to compare the behavior of two designs under the reference operation cycle of the PF coils. It is concluded that the joints with the proposed design changes will have sufficient stability margin against thermal and electromagnetic disturbances

The joints connecting the ITER magnet busbars and coils utilize the twin-box “shaking hands” concept: inside a helium leak tight box, a bare cable is pressed in an indium-tinned copper base. To form the joint, two boxes are tightly compressed against each other on the copper side with a layer of indium in between. This concept was chosen to address the different requirements of the joints: to provide low electrical resistance without degradation and need of maintenance during ITER lifecycle, to sustain cyclic electromagnetic and pressure loads, to be easily dismountable in case of failure, to be tolerant to manufacturing and assembly misalignments, to provide low coolant flow impedance, and to limit ac losses and at the same time to facilitate current redistribution in the busbars. This paper presents the design; the key results of the electromagnetic, thermal, and stress analysis; and the major manufacturing and qualification steps. The latter includes cryogenic fatigue test of the joint welds and joint resistance measurements.

This study aims to find out the influence of the habit of shaking hands on the discipline of MI children. The object of research is a student of class III, IV V of which 140 children. Meanwhile, for the sampling technique using random sampling. In measuring the research variable, research first test the instrument, the validity test, and the reliability test. Meanwhile, in measuring the effect of both variables using the formula of correlation and simple linear regression using the SPSS 21. Based on the test result the coefficient of determination (R square) obtained a correlation value of 0,390, meanwhile the R square (R) value of 0,390. This means that the percentage of contribution to the effect of shaking hands on increasing children’s discipline has a quite good and significant influence

Die Problemstellung, auf die wir in dieser Bachelorarbeit eingehen, ist die Annahme, dass in der Sozialen Arbeit mit Klient*innen mit Migrationshintergrund durchaus befremdliche Situa-tionen auftreten können. Wir gehen darauf ein, ob Genderunterschiede die Soziale Arbeit im Migrationskontext beeinflussen und wie sich dies weiter auf die gemeinsame Zusammenar-beit und Beziehung auswirkt. Unsere Forschungsfrage lautet: „Welche genderspezifischen Befremdungen erleben im Sozialbereich Tätige im Kultur- und Migrationskontext und welchen Einfluss haben sie auf die gemeinsame Arbeit?“ Auf die theoretische Basis gestützt, beschäftigt sich der Hauptteil unserer empirischen Forschungsarbeit mit den Beobachtungen, Erzählungen und Wahrnehmungen von Sozial Arbeitenden. Anhand der Interpretationen der beiden von uns organisierten Gesprächskreise gelangen wir zu unseren Forschungsergebnissen, bei denen unter anderem folgende Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden konnten. Eine große Rolle spielen Erzählungen über die kulturell-geschlechtliche Befremdung beim Begrüßen und Verabschieden, konkreter beim Händeschütteln. Auch der Aspekt des sprachlichen „Gender Gaps“ kommt hinzu und stellt eine von mehreren identifizierten patriarchalen Beziehungsdynamiken dar. Für die Gesprächskreisteilnehmenden war außerdem der in ihren Augen stark heteronormative oder widersprüchliche Umgang der Klient*innen mit Homosexualität befremdlich. Eine weitere irritierende Erfahrung stellt die Weitergabe von für sie befremdlichen Geschlechterrollen in der Kindererziehung durch Klient*innen dar. Aus diesen Erkenntnissen erstellten wir eine in der Praxis anwendbare Projektskizze, welche eine Grundidee für einen mehrtägigen Sensibilisierungs- und Reflexionsworkshop umreißt. The issue that this bachelor thesis approaches is the assumption that disconcerting situations in social work can happen while working with people with a migratory background. We will discuss whether gender differences influence social work in a migration context and if this then affects the cooperation and relationship between client and social worker. Our research question is: “What gender specific disconcertment do people who work in a migratory social work context experience and how does it affect the collaboration?” Supported by the theoretical base, the main part of this empirical thesis focuses on observa-tions, narratives and perceptions of the questioned social workers. By interpreting the two group interviews, which were organised and conducted by us, we came to our research re-sults, which include the following findings. Stories about cultural- and gender based disconcertment while shaking hands as a salutation- or farewell ritual, play an important role. So does the aspect of linguistic “gender gaps”, which marks one of our identified patriarchal relationship dynamics. The participants perceived the clients’ heteronormative and sometimes contradictory interaction with homosexuality as disconcerting. They are also irritated by the passing on of - in their opinion - disconcerting gender roles when it comes to raising children. Based on these finding we created a project draft that can realistically be put into action. The basic idea is to conduct a workshop that focuses on sensitisation and reflection.

Die Problemstellung, auf die wir in dieser Bachelorarbeit eingehen, ist die Annahme, dass in der Sozialen Arbeit mit Klient*innen mit Migrationshintergrund durchaus befremdliche Situa-tionen auftreten können. Wir gehen darauf ein, ob Genderunterschiede die Soziale Arbeit im Migrationskontext beeinflussen und wie sich dies weiter auf die gemeinsame Zusammenar-beit und Beziehung auswirkt. Unsere Forschungsfrage lautet: „Welche genderspezifischen Befremdungen erleben im Sozialbereich Tätige im Kultur- und Migrationskontext und welchen Einfluss haben sie auf die gemeinsame Arbeit?“ Auf die theoretische Basis gestützt, beschäftigt sich der Hauptteil unserer empirischen Forschungsarbeit mit den Beobachtungen, Erzählungen und Wahrnehmungen von Sozial Arbeitenden. Anhand der Interpretationen der beiden von uns organisierten Gesprächskreise gelangen wir zu unseren Forschungsergebnissen, bei denen unter anderem folgende Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden konnten. Eine große Rolle spielen Erzählungen über die kulturell-geschlechtliche Befremdung beim Begrüßen und Verabschieden, konkreter beim Händeschütteln. Auch der Aspekt des sprachlichen „Gender Gaps“ kommt hinzu und stellt eine von mehreren identifizierten patriarchalen Beziehungsdynamiken dar. Für die Gesprächskreisteilnehmenden war außerdem der in ihren Augen stark heteronormative oder widersprüchliche Umgang der Klient*innen mit Homosexualität befremdlich. Eine weitere irritierende Erfahrung stellt die Weitergabe von für sie befremdlichen Geschlechterrollen in der Kindererziehung durch Klient*innen dar. Aus diesen Erkenntnissen erstellten wir eine in der Praxis anwendbare Projektskizze, welche eine Grundidee für einen mehrtägigen Sensibilisierungs- und Reflexionsworkshop umreißt. The issue that this bachelor thesis approaches is the assumption that disconcerting situations in social work can happen while working with people with a migratory background. We will discuss whether gender differences influence social work in a migration context and if this then affects the cooperation and relationship between client and social worker. Our research question is: “What gender specific disconcertment do people who work in a migratory social work context experience and how does it affect the collaboration?” Supported by the theoretical base, the main part of this empirical thesis focuses on observa-tions, narratives and perceptions of the questioned social workers. By interpreting the two group interviews, which were organised and conducted by us, we came to our research re-sults, which include the following findings. Stories about cultural- and gender based disconcertment while shaking hands as a salutation- or farewell ritual, play an important role. So does the aspect of linguistic “gender gaps”, which marks one of our identified patriarchal relationship dynamics. The participants perceived the clients’ heteronormative and sometimes contradictory interaction with homosexuality as disconcerting. They are also irritated by the passing on of - in their opinion - disconcerting gender roles when it comes to raising children. Based on these finding we created a project draft that can realistically be put into action. The basic idea is to conduct a workshop that focuses on sensitisation and reflection.

Die Problemstellung, auf die wir in dieser Bachelorarbeit eingehen, ist die Annahme, dass in der Sozialen Arbeit mit Klient*innen mit Migrationshintergrund durchaus befremdliche Situa-tionen auftreten können. Wir gehen darauf ein, ob Genderunterschiede die Soziale Arbeit im Migrationskontext beeinflussen und wie sich dies weiter auf die gemeinsame Zusammenar-beit und Beziehung auswirkt. Unsere Forschungsfrage lautet: „Welche genderspezifischen Befremdungen erleben im Sozialbereich Tätige im Kultur- und Migrationskontext und welchen Einfluss haben sie auf die gemeinsame Arbeit?“ Auf die theoretische Basis gestützt, beschäftigt sich der Hauptteil unserer empirischen Forschungsarbeit mit den Beobachtungen, Erzählungen und Wahrnehmungen von Sozial Arbeitenden. Anhand der Interpretationen der beiden von uns organisierten Gesprächskreise gelangen wir zu unseren Forschungsergebnissen, bei denen unter anderem folgende Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden konnten. Eine große Rolle spielen Erzählungen über die kulturell-geschlechtliche Befremdung beim Begrüßen und Verabschieden, konkreter beim Händeschütteln. Auch der Aspekt des sprachlichen „Gender Gaps“ kommt hinzu und stellt eine von mehreren identifizierten patriarchalen Beziehungsdynamiken dar. Für die Gesprächskreisteilnehmenden war außerdem der in ihren Augen stark heteronormative oder widersprüchliche Umgang der Klient*innen mit Homosexualität befremdlich. Eine weitere irritierende Erfahrung stellt die Weitergabe von für sie befremdlichen Geschlechterrollen in der Kindererziehung durch Klient*innen dar. Aus diesen Erkenntnissen erstellten wir eine in der Praxis anwendbare Projektskizze, welche eine Grundidee für einen mehrtägigen Sensibilisierungs- und Reflexionsworkshop umreißt. The issue that this bachelor thesis approaches is the assumption that disconcerting situations in social work can happen while working with people with a migratory background. We will discuss whether gender differences influence social work in a migration context and if this then affects the cooperation and relationship between client and social worker. Our research question is: “What gender specific disconcertment do people who work in a migratory social work context experience and how does it affect the collaboration?” Supported by the theoretical base, the main part of this empirical thesis focuses on observa-tions, narratives and perceptions of the questioned social workers. By interpreting the two group interviews, which were organised and conducted by us, we came to our research re-sults, which include the following findings. Stories about cultural- and gender based disconcertment while shaking hands as a salutation- or farewell ritual, play an important role. So does the aspect of linguistic “gender gaps”, which marks one of our identified patriarchal relationship dynamics. The participants perceived the clients’ heteronormative and sometimes contradictory interaction with homosexuality as disconcerting. They are also irritated by the passing on of - in their opinion - disconcerting gender roles when it comes to raising children. Based on these finding we created a project draft that can realistically be put into action. The basic idea is to conduct a workshop that focuses on sensitisation and reflection.

After an Obama administration committed to ‘unclenching fists’ in diplomatic affairs, global media have reported President Trump using his hands to greet leaders with vigour and aggression. These diplomatic encounters are conceptualised as standoffs: moments of uncertainty when nobody knows what will happen, including the people shaking hands. As subjunctive encounters, witnesses hypothesise about likely outcomes. Their speculation is tinged with emotion—doubt, hope, fear—that is personal, national and geopolitical. Against diplomatic norms, Trump seeks to ‘win’ each standoff. Journalists have shifted from amplifying, panicked shock to containing alarm through humour and pleas for serious diplomacy. But Trump is merely exploiting news values. Journalists must reflect: their news values are what enable Trump to maintain a standoff with the world system itself.

Shaking hands, touching a patient's face with hands or typing on a computer keyboard will all result in picking up bacteria and viruses. So, what preventative measures can we take?

This paper describes behavior design of a social robot for child-robot interaction in a public place towards a social robot which can interact with children friendly while advertising products and services. First, we developed a robot system by which a humanoid robot Pepper can interact with people through greeting, waving a hand, shaking hands and asking people for stroking the head of the robot. Then, we observed the actual interaction of the robot and a group of people including children in a science museum. Finally, we designed robot behaviors for children in a public place.