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Anti-IgLON5 disease is a unique condition that bridges autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. Since its initial description 10 years ago, an increasing number of autopsies has led to the observation of a broader spectrum of neuropathologies underlying a particular constellation of clinical symptoms. In this study, we describe the neuropathological findings in 22 patients with anti-IgLON5 disease from 9 different European centers. In 15 patients (68%), we observed a hypothalamic and brainstem-predominant tauopathy of varying severity in which the original research neuropathological criteria were readily applicable. This pathology was observed in younger patients (median age at onset 61 years) with a long disease duration (median 9 years). In contrast, in 7 (32%) patients, the originally described brainstem tauopathy was nearly absent or only minimal in the form of delicate threads, despite mild-to-moderate neurodegenerative features, consistent clinical symptoms and the presence of anti-IgLON5 antibodies in CSF and serum. These patients were older at onset (median 79 years) and had shorter disease duration (median < 1 year). Overall, about one-third of the patients showed concomitant TDP-43 pathology within the regions affected by tau pathology and/or neurodegeneration. Based on these observations and in view of the spectrum of the tau burden in the core regions involved in the disease, we propose a simple staging system: stage 1 mild neurodegeneration without overt or only minimal tau pathology, stage 2 moderate neurodegeneration and mild/ moderate tauopathy and stage 3 prominent neurodegeneration and tau pathology. This staging intends to reflect a potential (age- and time-dependent) progression of tau pathology, supporting the current notion that tau accumulation is a secondary phenomenon related to the presence of anti-IgLON5 antibodies in the CNS. Finally, we adapt the original research criteria of the anti-IgLON5 disease-related tauopathy to include the spectrum of pathologies observed in this larger postmortem series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geopolitical situation of the Russian Federation dictates the priority areas of potential mutually beneficial cooperation, the Asia-Pacific being one of them. India’s role on the global information arena is increasing, and Russia needs to set up new, secure lines of cooperation. This work is part of a series of publications on India’s information security system. The article outlines its progress over the past decades, e.g., the concept of information security, the mechanisms that ensure India’s external information and economic security, the tools of database protection in the global information environment, etc. The result is a complete and comprehensive picture of the stage-by-stage development of India’s information security structure in various fields and industries in each sector of cyberspace, with goals and functions for each regulatory act and control institution. This holistic view of India’s information security covers its concept and chronology of development, as well as offers a classification of the key information security mechanisms currently active in the country.

Abstract Background Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has replaced axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for assessing axillary lymph node status in clinically node-negative breast cancer patients. However, the approach to axillary surgery after neoadjuvant treatment is still controversial. In the present study, our objective was to predict the pathological nodal stage based on SLNB results and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients who initially presented with clinical N1 positivity but whose disease status was converted to clinical N0 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Materials and methods After NAC, 150 clinically node-negative patients were included. The relationships between clinicopathologic parameters and the number of positive lymph nodes in SLNBs and ALNDs were assessed through binary/multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Among 150 patients, 78 patients had negative SLNBs, and 72 patients had positive SLNBs. According to the ALND data of 21 patients with SLNB1+, there was no additional node involvement (80.8%), 1–2 lymph nodes were positive in 5 patients (19.2%), and no patient had ≥ 3 lymph nodes involved. Following the detection of SLNB1 + positivity, the rate of negative non-sentinel nodes were 75% in the luminal A/B subgroup, 100% in the HER-2-positive subgroup, and 100% in the triple-negative subgroup. Patients with a lower T stage (T1-3 vs. T4), fewer than 4 clinical nodes before NAC (

Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has replaced axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for assessing axillary lymph node status in clinically node-negative breast cancer patients. However, the approach to axillary surgery after neoadjuvant treatment is still controversial. In the present study, our objective was to predict the pathological nodal stage based on SLNB results and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients who initially presented with clinical N1 positivity but whose disease status was converted to clinical N0 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Materials and methods: After NAC, 150 clinically node-negative patients were included. The relationships between clinicopathologic parameters and the number of positive lymph nodes in SLNBs and ALNDs were assessed through binary/multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Among 150 patients, 78 patients had negative SLNBs, and 72 patients had positive SLNBs. According to the ALND data of 21 patients with SLNB1+, there was no additional node involvement (80.8%), 1–2 lymph nodes were positive in 5 patients (19.2%), and no patient had ≥ 3 lymph nodes involved. Following the detection of SLNB1 + positivity, the rate of negative non-sentinel nodes were 75% in the luminal A/B subgroup, 100% in the HER-2-positive subgroup, and 100% in the triple-negative subgroup. Patients with a lower T stage (T1-3 vs. T4), fewer than 4 clinical nodes before NAC (< 4 vs. ≥4), and a decreased postoperative Ki-67 index (< 10% vs. stable/increase) were included. According to both univariate and multivariate analyses, being in the triple-negative or HER2-positive subgroup, compared to the luminal A/B subgroup (luminal A/B vs. HER2-positive/triple-negative), was found to be predictive of complete lymph node response. Conclusion: The number of SLNB-positive nodes, tumor-related parameters, and response to treatment may predict no additional nodes to be positive at ALND. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) transmits syphilis through sexual contact or perinatal transmission. T. pallidum is widely known for being invasive and immune-evasive; its clinical symptoms are commonly mistaken for those of other diseases due to localized inflammatory responses to multiplying spirochetes. Complement fixation and precipitation/flocculation assays were developed in the early 20th century, and they were frequently combined to boost sensitivity and specificity because many cases were challenging. Despite a lifetime of negative anti-lipoidal serology, syphilis sequelae often develop. Treponemal tests (TPI, introduced in 1949) substantially improved sensitivity and reduced the number of false positives, but they were insensitive for primary syphilis. The teaching hospitals in Vienna have long confirmed that the TPHA discovers almost twice as many instances that aren't found as the VDRL. Numerous active cases without VDRL reactions were discovered using the avidity/affinity index (Boltzmann Institute for Serodiagnosis, Vienna) as a substitute for the IgM antibody. Despite these improvements, Ontario's Public Health Laboratory has discovered that gay men who are HIV antibody (+) selectively lose their treponemal antibody, making it hard to detect the incidence of syphilis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, incurable, and aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Early MCL diagnosis and treatment is critical and puzzling due to inter/intra-tumoral heterogeneity and limited understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. We developed and applied a multifaceted analysis of selected publicly available transcriptomic data of well-defined MCL stages, integrating network-based methods for pathway enrichment analysis, co-expression module alignment, drug repurposing, and prediction of effective drug combinations. We demonstrate the "butterfly effect" emerging from a small set of initially differentially expressed genes, rapidly expanding into numerous deregulated cellular processes, signaling pathways, and core machineries as MCL becomes aggressive. We explore pathogenicity-related signaling circuits by detecting common co-expression modules in MCL stages, pointing out, among others, the role of VEGFA and SPARC proteins in MCL progression and recommend further study of precise drug combinations. Our findings highlight the benefit that can be leveraged by such an approach for better understanding pathobiology and identifying high-priority novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, drug targets, and efficacious combination therapies against MCL that should be further validated for their clinical impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of professional internships has long been a defining feature of journalism and mass communication programs, but the practice is also increasingly controversial for the financial burdens it places on marginalized students. This study examined accreditation reports for 120 institutions to gain a better understanding of current practices. Findings showed that almost all universities offer internships for credit, and about two fifths of the programs require them. Most programs use internship data to assess student learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Independent Curriculum has given a new nuance to the education system in Indonesia. There are several significant changes in the independent curriculum, which aims to achieve optimal curriculum standards. Thus, this research aims to find out the stages of implementing this independent curriculum in English as Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. This research took a single case study design and was conducted at a boarding-based junior high school. The researchers observed learning activities and interviewed an English teacher and fifteen students from three different classes. Observation and interviews provided data on how to implement the independent curriculum in EFL classes, which is supported by interview results. The results showcased that the teacher applied three practical stages in implementing the independent curriculum, namely planning and preparation, learning enactment, and evaluation. These stages cover the application of diagnostic assessments, formative and summative assessments, and teacher's emphasis on student-centered learning strategies and integration between differentiated learning and cooperative learning. The integration of these three phases forms the main basis for an in-depth understanding of the dynamics and effectiveness of curriculum-based independent learning in the context of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the progress achieved by the Irkutsk-based Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, the leading institution of geographical profile in eastern Russia. A resolution on the establishment of the institute was adopted on November 29, 1967. It was renamed several times, but maintained its focus on the present status and evolution of natural geosystems and their components, as well as on the geographical bases for the sustainable development of the regions of Siberia. Emphasis is placed on the specific characteristics of the historical stages of establishment of the institute. The following Siberian scientific schools were formed; the school of physical geography (Sochava's theory of geosystems), the school of systems and atlas cartography, exogenous geomorphology, landscape geochemistry, landscape hydrology, geography of economic development, population geography, and medical geography. The structure of the institute is described; it currently includes eight laboratories: physical geography and biogeography; geomorphology; landscape geochemistry and soil geography; economic and social geography; theoretical geography; and cartography, geoinformatics, and remote sensing methods. Doctors and candidates of science make up half of institute's staff of about 200. Annually, around 20 researchers are trained in postgraduate programs in 10 geographical specialties. The institute's main achievements are highlighted, covering the entire period of its activity and encompassing all geographical sciences, with references to the most important publications included in the list of references. The scientific-organizational, international, and social activities are presented. The objectives of the institute are defined in the context of global and regional challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the study of two permafrost-hilly swamp complexes located in the valley of the Chernaya River, the right-bank tributary of the Yenisei River (near the city of Igarka), are presented. Among them are coarse-tuberous and flat-tuberous peatlands of different ages, genesis and stages of development. The modern vegetation cover of the complexes is characterized, a detailed morphostructural description of peat profiles is given, a botanical analysis is performed and the values of the degree of decomposition, ash content and moisture content of peat are determined. The thickness of the coarse-tuberous peat bog deposit is 4.0 m, the approximate age is 8 thousand years ago. In the process of its formation, it underwent six stages of change, of which the first was forest. The peat deposit is classified as forest-swamp and marsh subtypes. The main peat-forming agents from bottom to top of the profile were successively eutrophic hypnosis mosses, mosses (Hypnales W. R. Buck et Vitt), sedges (Carex L.), horsetails (Equisetum L.) and, finally, oligotrophic sphagnum mosses (Sphagnopsida Ochyra). The flat-tuberous peat bog with a capacity of 1.3 m and an age of about 3 thousand years in its development has gone through two stages of vegetation changes, of which the first is forest. Peat deposit of forest-marsh and marsh subtypes. Throughout its depth, ice layers are recorded. In the lower part of the peat profile, the main peat-forming agents were eutrophic hypnomic mosses, and in the upper part – oligotrophic sphagnum mosses. Changes in the vegetation cover of hilly peatlands occurred both as a result of changes in the regional climate in the Holocene, and due to the appearance of permanent permafrost in peatlands, heaving of mounds and their subsequent thawing. The appearance of spots of exposed peat on the day surface of peatlands and the formation of a powerful lichen cover in their place indicate the cessation of the peat formation process.

An international consensus report in 2019 recommended a classification system for limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic changes (LATE-NC). The suggested neuropathologic staging system and nomenclature have proven useful for autopsy practice and dementia research. However, some issues remain unresolved, such as cases with unusual features that do not fit with current diagnostic categories. The goal of this report is to update the neuropathologic criteria for the diagnosis and staging of LATE-NC, based primarily on published data. We provide practical suggestions about how to integrate available genetic information and comorbid pathologies [e.g., Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic changes (ADNC) and Lewy body disease]. We also describe recent research findings that have enabled more precise guidance on how to differentiate LATE-NC from other subtypes of TDP-43 pathology [e.g., frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)], and how to render diagnoses in unusual situations in which TDP-43 pathology does not follow the staging scheme proposed in 2019. Specific recommendations are also made on when not to apply this diagnostic term based on current knowledge. Neuroanatomical regions of interest in LATE-NC are described in detail and the implications for TDP-43 immunohistochemical results are specified more precisely. We also highlight questions that remain unresolved and areas needing additional study. In summary, the current work lays out a number of recommendations to improve the precision of LATE-NC staging based on published reports and diagnostic experience.

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Motor learning is a prominent and extensively studied subject in rehabilitation following various types of neurological disorders. Motor repair and rehabilitation often extend over months and years post-injury with a slow pace of recovery, particularly affecting the fine movements of the distal extremities. This extended period can diminish the motivation and persistence of patients, a facet that has historically been overlooked in motor learning until recent years. Reward, including monetary compensation, social praise, video gaming, music, and virtual reality, is currently garnering heightened attention for its potential to enhance motor motivation and improve function. Numerous studies have examined the effects and attempted to explore potential mechanisms in various motor paradigms, yet they have yielded inconsistent or even contradictory results and conclusions. A comprehensive review is necessary to summarize studies on the effects of rewards on motor learning and to deduce a central pattern from these existing studies. Therefore, in this review, we initially outline a framework of motor learning considering two major types, two major components, and three stages. Subsequently, we summarize the effects of rewards on different stages of motor learning within the mentioned framework and analyze the underlying mechanisms at the level of behavior or neural circuit. Reward accelerates learning speed and enhances the extent of learning during the acquisition and consolidation stages, possibly by regulating the balance between the direct and indirect pathways (activating more D1-MSN than D2-MSN) of the ventral striatum and by increasing motor dynamics and kinematics. However, the effect varies depending on several experimental conditions. During the retention stage, there is a consensus that reward enhances both short-term and long-term memory retention in both types of motor learning, attributed to the LTP learning mechanism mediated by the VTA-M1 dopaminergic projection. Reward is a promising enhancer to bolster waning confidence and motivation, thereby increasing the efficiency of motor learning and rehabilitation. Further exploration of the circuit and functional connections between reward and the motor loop may provide a novel target for neural modulation to promote motor behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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At present, universities are experiencing a significant shift in their strategic focus, acknowledging the imperative to adapt and utilize knowledge more effectively in the realm of innovation for both the market and society. Entrepreneurial universities are strategically positioned as generators and disseminators of new knowledge, orchestrators of interdisciplinary initiatives, and catalysts in forging connections between academia and industries. They formulate a strategy for creating and nurturing an ecosystem tailored to their chosen scenario, whether the university acts as the instigator of an innovation ecosystem (IE) or as a participant in an existing one. The objective is to streamline the dissemination, application, and utilization of knowledge and technologies. In this context, the authors propose a systematic approach for all stakeholders in the innovation ecosystem domain. This involves progressing through successive stages, including conducting theoretical and practical research, devising a strategy formation algorithm, and outlining the content of strategic scenarios. The suggested algorithm holds a pivotal role in shaping a university’s innovation ecosystem and comprises specific elements such as identifying and analyzing constraining research factors, establishing strategic goals, generating and deliberating on strategic scenarios for the formation and development of the Innovation Ecosystem at the University (IEU), and evaluating effects with subsequent strategy adjustments. The examination of scenarios is contextualized within the framework of goals, objectives, and strategic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the development of the digital economy, new ways for transforming a variable plurality of data and especially systems for their implementation are becoming especially topical. If the ways can be different, so the system must have a row of typical features as in constructive device, so in interactive principle of action. Article is devoted to the description of the created system for implementing the matrix-digital way of transforming a variable plurality of data. In course investigation the typical constructive device of the system was developed, including web-server, proxy-server, server databases, server MySQL, computing server, application server of digital transformation of data, application server of analysis and synthesis, application server of the target appointment, file server; and more optimal software of these servers was defined. For example, the features of the interactive action of the created system were considered, when six temporal networks of subsystems were formed in general network of the system for the performance of each of six stages of the way of the transforming data. The interaction of servers with each other in general network through networks of several subsystems allows to unload and systematize flows of the data which is arriving to each server and come out of it. It is very important, since allows to increase speed of the operational processes at performing the way of transforming data and productivity system. Therefore, the interactive operating principle of the system may become a standard feature for future systems of similar purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Hardening is the process of exposing seedlings gradually to field conditions. It improves seedling quality through several strategies, including stem bending and the use of plant regulators. Thus, the objective of the experiment was to quantify the physiological changes resulting from mechanical and chemical hardening in Hymenaea courbaril L. seedlings as a function of seedling growth stages. The experiment was conducted at Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, in a shade house. The design used was a completely randomized, consisting of three treatments (control, methyl jasmonate and stem bending), with seven replications of 16 seedlings. At the end of the hardening treatments we quantified stem bending stiffness, lignin, phenolic compounds, loss of electrolytes and chlorophyll. The phenolic compounds quantified in the leaves increased with the application of both treatments in seedlings of stages I and II. Furthermore, mechanical hardening favored an increase in chlorophyll at all stages. H. courbaril seedlings from stages II and III would be the most recommended for hardening treatments. Mechanical hardening was the most suitable for Hymenaea courbaril L. seedlings.

The literature on motor development and training assumes a hierarchy for learning skills—learning the "fundamentals"—that has yet to be empirically demonstrated. The present study addressed this issue by verifying (1) whether this strong hierarchy (i.e., the proficiency barrier) holds between three fundamental skills and three sport skills and (2) considering different transfer processes (generalization/adaptation) that would occur as a result of the existence of this strong hierarchy. Twenty-seven children/adolescents participated in performing the countermovement jump, standing long jump, leap, high jump, long jump, and hurdle transposition. We identified the proficiency barrier in two pairs of tasks (between the countermovement jump and high jump and between the standing long jump and long jump). Nonetheless, the transfer processes were not related to the proficiency barrier. We conclude that the proposed learning hierarchy holds for some tasks. The underlying reason for this is still unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to conduct a theoretical review of the existing Industry 4.0 (I4.0) Maturity Models (MM) in the manufacturing sector, with a focus on both large and small and medium enterprises (SMEs), to gain an in-depth understanding of the present state-of-the-art A comprehensive analysis was conducted on a total of sixteen maturity models within the manufacturing sector, encompassing a range of scopes and stages. Notably, only six of these studies specifically focused on SMEs. In order to achieve this objective, the present study has identified the common scopes of MM (manufacturing sector) that have been examined in the context of both large/multinational enterprises and SMEs. These scopes include organizational strategy, smart factory, smart operation, smart product, vertical integration (VI), horizontal integration (HI), employees, leadership, customers, culture, governance, technology, data-driven governance, IT infrastructure, and information systems. In the context of MM stages, research emphasized on an initial/basic stage level that enables SMEs to facilitate the adoption of I4.0 in the manufacturing sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In the face of contemporary challenges within the socio-social spheres globally, particularly within educational systems, the professional transformation of pedagogical (scientific-pedagogical) staff is paramount. Therefore, this research explores this professional category's readiness for change, a significant relevance and impact topic. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research design included a focus group survey to explore the views and experiences of educators on critical aspects of professional transformation. Focus group participants discussed motivation, skills, resources, and barriers in the context of implementing the New Ukrainian School (NUS) reform. The sample size was 718 people. The selection procedure involved forming groups comprised of individuals from diverse segments of the educational system, including primary and secondary school teachers. The focus group participants were selected based on the principle of strategic selection to ensure a diversity of opinions and experiences among educators at different levels. The focus group discussions were structured around open-ended inquiries and key themes, facilitating comprehensive responses and enriching the analysis with valuable insights. The results were analysed through thematic coding and grouping participants' responses by key aspects of professional transformation. Considering the focus group discussions, different views and experiences of educators were compared and analysed. Findings: The study's results underscore a significant aspect of the research, indicating a high level of educators' motivation for change, readiness for self-improvement, and openness to embracing updated educational values. These findings hold the potential to impact the field of pedagogy significantly. Research Limitation/Implications: It was noted that focus groups, as an effective method of scientific research, require clear objectives, identification of participants and moderators, development of guides and scenarios, testing of questions and scenarios, consideration of threats, and provision of accurate instructions. Social Implication: This improves teachers' professional competence and mastery of modern pedagogical methods and technologies. The level of readiness of teaching staff for transformation can also have a positive impact on the development of the educational system, stimulating innovation and the improvement of curricula. Practical Implication: This facilitates the development of professional development programmes that consider teachers' specific needs and provide them with the necessary skills and resources to implement innovations in the classroom successfully. Originality/ Value: This study's novelty is that it confirms the assumptions about teachers' readiness for professional transformation, which have been clarified and supplemented by the central concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ana Noreña-Peña writes a review of the book by María Luisa Martínez Martín and Elena Chamorro Rebollo "History of nursing. "Historical Evolution of Nursing Care". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mendive - Revista de Educacion is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anxiety conditions and disorders are common in the general population, and patients suffering from them often seek the services of emergency departments. Anxiety is a psychopathological symptom that accompanies not only psychiatric conditions, but a wide range of somatic diseases, and a combination of both. The biochemical and pathophysiological mechanisms of psychosomatic interrelationship and comorbidity are complex and multi-layered. Thus, diagnosing the root cause of anxiety is a clinical challenge. Early, and on time, recognition of an anxiety disorder helps to avoid unnecessary investigations, ensures correct treatment and saves hospital resources. Careful use of medications, psychoeducation and referral to a specialist improves patient outcome with this potentially debilitating disease. In this article, the authors aim to present in a synthesized form the main epidemiological data on the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and disorders, anatomical localization and biochemical mechanisms and relationships in the pathogenesis of anxiety symptoms, as well as to derive the main guidelines for recognizing and differentiating clinicopathological constellations in somatic conditions in emergency medical practice. Materials and methods. Existing published studies from an international database, related to the subject of the article, have been thoroughly studied. Results. Anxiety symptoms, in particular panic attacks and disorders, are widespread in primary care and occupy a significant part of the work process, especially at times of peak loads, natural disasters and situations of mass traumatism. Conclusions. Timely training and good preparation for recognition and adequate assessment of anxiety conditions in primary and emergency medical care significantly shorten the therapeutic route of patients. They receive competent help on time, and the cost of their treatment is significantly reduced. Discussion. Modern medical science, including psychiatric, offers advanced drug and non-drug methods for the treatment and prevention of anxiety conditions and disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reveals the conceptual foundations of the formation of the professional culture of future teachers of preschool education (PEE) in the context of the challenges of modern education in Ukraine. The author reveals of future teachers of secondary schools", defines the key methodical approaches and principles of formation of professional culture of future educators, characterizes the internal (individual-psychological, subject) and external (social-psychological)., educational) factors of their formation according to criteria (spiritualcreative, motivational-value, reflective-perceptive, cognitive-instrumental). The acmeological approach is presented, the blocks of acmeological tasks (educational, professionally oriented, creative, tasks of interactive interaction) of higher educational institutions to form the basis of the professional culture of future educators are defined and characterized. The professional standard "Preschool teacher" was analyzed. As a result of the conducted research, it is possible to determine the main goals and stages of professional activity: pre-competence, formation, goal setting, competence, creativity. The necessity of forming the psychological readiness of a modern young person to master a profession is noted both in the process of obtaining higher education and at the stage of career guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this mixed-methods study, we evaluated the factors that contribute to delayed breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and treatment at a Kenyan hospital. Methods: Individuals with a diagnosis of BC, either as a referral or index patient, were recruited to participate in this study through convenience sampling. Data were collected on sociodemographics, health history, and cancer history, diagnosis, and treatment of patients at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). For the quantitative analyses, the relationship between sociodemographic and health history factors with stage at diagnosis, number of visits before diagnosis, time to diagnosis, and time to initial intervention, stratified by time to onset of symptoms, were examined using regression analyses. For the qualitative analysis, in-depth interviews of every fifth patient were completed to assess reasons for delayed diagnosis and treatment. Results: The final analytic sample comprised of 378 female BC patients with an average age of 50. These females were generally of lower SES: 49.2% attained no or only primary-level education, 57.4% were unemployed, and the majority (74.6%) had a monthly household income of < 5000 Kenyan shillings (equivalent to ~ $41 USD). The median time from BC symptom onset to presentation at KNH was 13 (IQR = 3–36) weeks, from presentation to diagnosis was 17.5 (IQR = 7–36.5) weeks, and from diagnosis to receipt of the initial intervention was 6 (IQR = 3–13) weeks. Female BC patients who were never/unmarried, less educated, less affluent, users of hormonal contraception, and had ≥ 3 children were more likely to experience diagnosis and treatment delays. Qualitative data showed that financial constraints, lack of patient BC awareness, and healthcare practitioner misdiagnosis and/or strikes delayed patient diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions: BC patients experience long healthcare system delays before diagnosis and treatment. Educating communities and providers about BC and expediting referrals may minimize such delays and subsequently BC mortality rates in Kenya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to systematize the models of strategic management, determine the optimal set of key elements of the strategic management system, their consistency and interaction, as well as develop a combinatorial composition of the model of the strategic management system, which is the most effective in the current conditions of functioning of enterprises. The article analyzes a number of models of strategic management, developed by both foreign and domestic authors. The main stages of their formation and key elements of ensuring their implementation are outlined. The clarity of the outlined elements of strategic management made it possible to come to the conclusion that the construction of the strategic management system is carried out on the basis of a certain model, with specific, depending on the circumstances, stages and elements. In the course of the study, it has been found that any system of strategic management has similar constituent elements and, accordingly, its construction is carried out on the basis of the basic model, which includes three stages: strategic planning, strategic organization, strategic control and regulation. To achieve the goals in which the enterprise does not have to change its general strategy of activity, it is necessary to apply the methods that have been analyzed and systematized in the work. Attention is focused on the importance of evaluating and controlling the constituent elements of the strategic management system at each stage of the development of such a system. If it is necessary to introduce changes, it is proposed to create a project group and develop a plan for the formation of the system based on the expansion of the number of iterations in the basic model of strategic management at the second stage. An algorithm of combinatorial composition of the basic model of the system of strategic management at enterprise is proposed. It is recommended to change the combinatorics of the elements of the second and third stages during the diagnostics of the strategic management system. A detailed view of the implementation of the stages of the combinatorial composition of the formation of the strategic management system reveals the process of mutual consistency of elements, in particular goals, functions, tasks, resources, management, which helps to better adapt to changes and, in case of consistency in the introduction of changes in the strategy, to implement them in the model of strategic management in accordance with the requirements of the environment.

The practice of money politics in elections is most commonly observed during campaign activities and the distribution of donations, especially in the form of cash contributions. Several factors contribute to this issue, including traditional practices, a desire for recognition, a conducive environment for unethical behavior, the ability to influence laws, wavering ethical values, impoverished communities, limited public awareness, and cultural norms. Money politics typically unfolds in two stages: pre-voting and post-voting. The pre-voting phase includes administrative selection, the campaign period, the quiet period, and the lead-up to the actual election, targeting primarily voters susceptible to influence. The post-election phase occurs after the election, particularly during the General Session of the DPR/DPRD and in decisions concerning the APBN/APBD, with political elites who wield significant authority being the main targets. These egal loopholes can be exploited for fraudulent purposes. Therefore, it is critical to enhance the clarity and enforceability of existing legal provisions.

Abstract Background The incidence of cervical adenocarcinoma (AC) has experienced a considerable increase in recent decades. Despite this, our understanding of the optimal management of locally advanced cervical AC remains limited. The present study sought to compare the clinical outcomes of radical hysterectomy with postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) and primary radiotherapy (RT) in patients with locally advanced cervical AC using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods The data were extracted from the SEER database utilizing the SEER ∗ STAT software (version 8.4.0.1). The study included patients diagnosed with locally advanced cervical AC between 2004 and 2017 with adequate information available for analysis. Patients were assigned to either the Surgery + PORT or Primary RT group based on treatment modality, and their clinical characteristics were compared. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics between groups. The primary endpoints of the study were overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Results Of the 1363 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 302 (22.16%) underwent Surgery + PORT, while 1061 patients received Primary RT. The two groups differed significantly in terms of age, year of diagnosis, tumor size, grade, stage, T/N stage, and chemotherapy. PSM was performed to balance the baseline characteristics between the two groups, resulting in 594 patients being analyzed. After PSM, the Surgery + PORT group exhibited significantly improved survival rates. The 5-year OS rates were 69.7% (95% CI: 63.3%-76.9%) for the Surgery + PORT group and 60.9% (95% CI: 56.0%-66.3%) for the group receiving Primary RT (p = 0.002). The 5-year CSS rates for the two groups were 70.7% (95% CI: 64.3%-77.8%) and 66.2% (95% CI: 61.3%-71.5%), respectively (p = 0.049). Multivariate analysis revealed that Surgery + PORT was an independent favorable prognostic factor for OS (HR = 0.60, p = 0.001) and CSS (HR = 0.69, p = 0.022). Although the combined approach of surgery and PORT resulted in a favorable impact on OS in patients aged 65 years or older (HR = 0.57, p = 0.048), it did not result in a statistically significant improvement in CSS in the same age group (HR = 0.56, p = 0.087). Similarly, the combined treatment did not yield a statistically significant increase in either OS (HR = 0.78, p = 0.344) or CSS (HR = 0.89, p = 0.668) in patients with tumors larger than 60 mm. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that Surgery + PORT was associated with improved OS and CSS in patients with locally advanced cervical AC when compared to Primary RT. As such, Surgery + PORT may be a preferable therapeutic option for carefully selected patients with cervical AC. These findings offer valuable insight into the management of locally advanced cervical AC and may assist in personalized treatment decisions.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, incurable, and aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Early MCL diagnosis and treatment is critical and puzzling due to inter/intra-tumoral heterogeneity and limited understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. We developed and applied a multifaceted analysis of selected publicly available transcriptomic data of well-defined MCL stages, integrating network-based methods for pathway enrichment analysis, co-expression module alignment, drug repurposing, and prediction of effective drug combinations. We demonstrate the “butterfly effect” emerging from a small set of initially differentially expressed genes, rapidly expanding into numerous deregulated cellular processes, signaling pathways, and core machineries as MCL becomes aggressive. We explore pathogenicity-related signaling circuits by detecting common co-expression modules in MCL stages, pointing out, among others, the role of VEGFA and SPARC proteins in MCL progression and recommend further study of precise drug combinations. Our findings highlight the benefit that can be leveraged by such an approach for better understanding pathobiology and identifying high-priority novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, drug targets, and efficacious combination therapies against MCL that should be further validated for their clinical impact.

Abstract Purpose Macular telangiectasia (MacTel) type 2 is observed in patients in their 5th–8th decades of life. The clinical and imaging findings in younger patients is unknown in larger cohorts. The study purpose is to report prevalence, baseline clinical and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) findings in young MacTel patients below 40 years. Methods This hospital-based, multicentre, retrospective, cross-sectional study included patients between 2011 and 2023. Retinal photographs from multiple imaging techniques were evaluated to diagnose and stage type 2 MacTel and describe their SDOCT findings. Imaging characteristics were correlated with clinical stages and visual acuity. Results Among all MacTel patients seen in hospital, prevalence of young MacTel cases less than age 40 was 1.77% (32/1806; 62 eyes). Youngest participant was 34 years, while mean age was 38.44 ± 1.795 years. Sixteen patients (50%) were diabetics. Perifoveal greying (n = 56, 90%) and perifoveal hyperreflective middle retinal layers (n = 47, 76%) were the most prevalent clinical and SDOCT imaging finding respectively. Less than 10% (n = 6) eyes had proliferative disease. Presence of retinal pigment clumps (RPC) (7% vs. 67%; p = 0.002) coincided with proliferative MacTel. Poor vision was associated with presence of outer retinal layer SDOCT findings like outward bending of inner retinal layers (p = 0.047), RPC (p = 0.007), subfoveal neurosensory detachment (p = 0.048) and subretinal neovascular membrane (p = 0.001). Conclusion Type 2 MacTel before age 40 is rare, common in women and diabetics, and affects vision in advanced stage. Disease symmetry, comparison with older cases, and longitudinal SDOCT changes in such patients require further study.

Abstract Background In Taiwan, breast cancer patients usually take conventional medicine and traditional Chinese medicine simultaneously. The utilization of traditional Chinese medicine among breast cancer patients at various stages has not been examined. This study aims to compare the intention of utilization and experience toward traditional Chinese medicine among early- and late-stage breast cancer patients. Method This qualitative research collected data from breast cancer patients through focus groups interview by convenience sampling. Conducted in 2 branches of Taipei City Hospital, a public hospital managed by the Taipei City government. Breast cancer patients > 20 years old and had used TCM for breast cancer therapy for at least 3 months were included in the interview. A semi-structured interview guide was adopted in each focus group interview. In the following data analysis, stages I and II were considered early-stage, and stages III and IV were late-stage. For analyzing the data and reporting the results, we used qualitative content analysis as the approach for data analysis, assisted by NVivo 12. Categories and subcategories were identified through content analysis. Results Twelve and seven early- and late-stage breast cancer patients were included in this study, respectively. The side effects were the main intention of utilizing traditional Chinese medicine. Improving side effects and constitution was the main benefit for patients in both stages. Additionally, early-stage breast cancer patients used traditional Chinese medicine to prevent recurrence or metastasis. Late-stage breast cancer patients responded more frequently to the use of traditional Chinese medicine due to the side effects of western medicine. However, some of their symptoms were not fully relieved. Conclusions Breast cancer staging may influence the intention and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine. Health policymakers should consider the results of this research and the evidence-based illustrations to establish guidelines for integrating traditional Chinese medicine among various stages of breast cancer to improve the outcome and quality of care for cancer patients.

La vidéo 360° est un nouvel outil qui s’est développé et son usage dans la formation des enseignants a débuté il y a moins de 10 ans. À partir d’une analyse systématique de la littérature existante en utilisant les principales bases de données, notre objectif est de rendre compte des principaux résultats de recherche actuels et de pouvoir envisager de nouvelles perspectives de recherche, mais aussi des pistes pour intégrer ce nouvel outil dans le cadre de la formation des enseignants. Quatre principaux points de résultats ont pu être dégagés : 1) la vidéo 360° comme outil pour développer la réflexivité sur l'enseignement, 2) la vidéo 360° comme outil de préparation et d'accompagnement des stages, 3) la vidéo 360° comme outil de développement de la perception des enseignants, 4) la vidéo 360° comme outil d'amélioration de la connaissance des contenus d’enseignement.

On the basis of the obtained expeditionary data, the authors performed a comprehensive analysis of the ecosystems’ modern transformation in the studied area. In the course of the analysis, the authors found that at the present stage there have been quantitative changes (depletion of natural resources) in used landscapes, along with them, there are changes in qualitative characteristics (accumulation of resources). Now, against the background of vegetation and soil degradation, ways of their restoration are observed. New combinations of degraded and self-recovering ecosystems have emerged. Based on the analysis of the current state of different ecological systems and their relationships, the authors determined the possibilities of the dynamics of their combinations functioning by stages. This will make it possible to give a more reliable forecast of the ongoing processes in the ecosystems of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Les conditions auxquelles les futur·e·s enseignant·e·s spécialisé·e·s sont confronté·e·s lors des stages de formation initiale sont encore peu connues et peu discutées. Cet article vise à décrire à partir de données d’observation filmées, transcrites et analysées, les conditions de formation dont bénéficient cinq stagiaires lors de leurs stages de formation initiale effectués à Genève dans différents contextes d’enseignement spécialisé. Les résultats révèlent une grande proximité entre les conditions de formation et les conditions de travail effectives du corps enseignant spécialisé. Ils soulignent leur singularité, leur diversité, tout comme leur caractère formateur, mais dévoilent également les risques d’une telle proximité pour la formation des stagiaires.

Background: Patients with CKD exhibit upper gastrointestinal symptoms e.g. nausea, vomiting, anorexia, hiccups, haematemesis. These may vary from mild symptoms to life threatening GI bleeding; endoscopy timely diagnose most of these abnormalities to intervene accordingly. The incidence of GI symptoms can largely be attributed to the underlying conditions such as accumulation of uraemic toxins, effect of dialysis, impaired gut barrier function due to gut-dysbiosis, inflammation, immunological dysfunction and increased bleeding risk via uraemic-coagulopathy. Aims and objective: Study the prevalence of upper GI-endoscopic lesions in CKD. Assorted lesions; their correlation with clinical, biochemical parametres and comorbities. Methods: Present Observational Cross-sectional study was carried out in Nephrology Unit whereas endoscopies were done at Endoscopy Room, Medicine Department, M.L.B. Medical College, Jhansi (UP). 100 patients of Bundelkhand Region were enrolled in the study during a period of March 2021 to Aug 2022 on the patients with CKD as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Most patients in the study untreated and undiagnosed with duration <3months, had UGI-lesions, those with duration >3months under treatment and diagnosed 86.66% had lesions. ESKD is significantly related with UGI-lesions (89%). Most had inflammatory lesions (erosions, oedema, erythema) followed by haemorrhagic (bleeding ulcers) and non-haemorrhagic (clean-based ulcers, healing ulcers). Gastric lesions (74%) were most common followed by oesophageal (39%) and duodenal (18%). Conclusion: Patients with high serum creatinine level and ESKD develop UGI-lesions; routine endoscopic evaluation may help in early diagnosis and intervention of the life threatening ones. Risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, obstructive uropathy in most CKD patients are related with UGIlesions; restriction reduces prevalence. Anaemia perse iron deficiency due to blood loss and malabsorption is significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a Ukrainian-language training linguo-didactic model of future foreign specialists who take socio-behavioural sciences higher education. The structural components of the model are singled out and substantiated; determined are the purpose and content of Ukrainian-language training of future foreign specialists taking higher education in the field of socio-behavioural sciences; singled out are the stages of formation of their Ukrainian-language professional and communicative competence; pedagogical conditions for the molding of the Ukrainian-language professional and communicative competence of future foreign professionals majoring in socio-behavioural sciences (adaptive and pedagogical support for international students in the educational space of Ukraine; providing positive motivation for international students majoring in sociobehavioural sciences, for getting them learning professionally oriented Ukrainian language; availability of a developing communicative-Ukrainian-speaking environment for international students taking higher education in the field of socio-behavioural sciences; involvement of international students in active Ukrainian-language speech activities of professional orientation); criteria for assessing the levels of formation of the Ukrainianlanguage professional and communicative competence of future foreign specialists, taking higher education in the field of socio-behavioural sciences (adaptive, motivational, linguistic, reflection-evaluation) with the relevant indicators; characterized are the levels of formation of the Ukrainian-language professionalcommunicative competence of future foreign specialists, obtaining higher education in specialities on sociobehavioural sciences (high, satisfactory, low). Presented are the results of the experimental verification of the linguo-didactic model of Ukrainian-language training of future foreign specialists, obtaining higher education in the specialities in the field of socio-behavioural sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence of cervical adenocarcinoma (AC) has experienced a considerable increase in recent decades. Despite this, our understanding of the optimal management of locally advanced cervical AC remains limited. The present study sought to compare the clinical outcomes of radical hysterectomy with postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) and primary radiotherapy (RT) in patients with locally advanced cervical AC using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods: The data were extracted from the SEER database utilizing the SEER ∗ STAT software (version 8.4.0.1). The study included patients diagnosed with locally advanced cervical AC between 2004 and 2017 with adequate information available for analysis. Patients were assigned to either the Surgery + PORT or Primary RT group based on treatment modality, and their clinical characteristics were compared. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics between groups. The primary endpoints of the study were overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Results: Of the 1363 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 302 (22.16%) underwent Surgery + PORT, while 1061 patients received Primary RT. The two groups differed significantly in terms of age, year of diagnosis, tumor size, grade, stage, T/N stage, and chemotherapy. PSM was performed to balance the baseline characteristics between the two groups, resulting in 594 patients being analyzed. After PSM, the Surgery + PORT group exhibited significantly improved survival rates. The 5-year OS rates were 69.7% (95% CI: 63.3%-76.9%) for the Surgery + PORT group and 60.9% (95% CI: 56.0%-66.3%) for the group receiving Primary RT (p = 0.002). The 5-year CSS rates for the two groups were 70.7% (95% CI: 64.3%-77.8%) and 66.2% (95% CI: 61.3%-71.5%), respectively (p = 0.049). Multivariate analysis revealed that Surgery + PORT was an independent favorable prognostic factor for OS (HR = 0.60, p = 0.001) and CSS (HR = 0.69, p = 0.022). Although the combined approach of surgery and PORT resulted in a favorable impact on OS in patients aged 65 years or older (HR = 0.57, p = 0.048), it did not result in a statistically significant improvement in CSS in the same age group (HR = 0.56, p = 0.087). Similarly, the combined treatment did not yield a statistically significant increase in either OS (HR = 0.78, p = 0.344) or CSS (HR = 0.89, p = 0.668) in patients with tumors larger than 60 mm. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that Surgery + PORT was associated with improved OS and CSS in patients with locally advanced cervical AC when compared to Primary RT. As such, Surgery + PORT may be a preferable therapeutic option for carefully selected patients with cervical AC. These findings offer valuable insight into the management of locally advanced cervical AC and may assist in personalized treatment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Was tested the viability of a rearing system for management of broodstock of crabs and the salinity and temperature effect in larval survival and duration of the larval stages of Stenorhynchus seticornis. We used a completely randomized 4 × 4 factorial experiment with 16 treatments and 3 replicates per treatment. Factor one was temperature with the following factor levels: 23 °C, 25 °C, 27 °C, and 29 °C and factor two was salinity: 25, 30, 35, and 40 PSU. A total of 960 larvae (zoea I), obtained from 7 females kept in the rearing system, were transferred and distributed in batches of 20 larvae kept in glass flasks (500 mL) and then subjected to temperature and salinity experiments. They were checked daily for seedlings or deaths. The larval development took from 22 to 25 days (7.3 ± 4.14), and occurred only in experimental conditions of 23 °C x 35 PSU, in which 6.6% of larvae reached the juvenile stage. About the the viability of a rearing system, 15 ovigerous females were maintained in the rearing system, composed by 6 aquaria with water-recirculation and filtering system (400 L), released from 1 to 4 viable larval lots each during 2 months. Such results highlight the importance of studies in larval interaction with environmental conditions regarding larval survival, enabling the juvenile offer for commercial purposes and restocking of native populations, also promoting a efficient system for broodstock maintenance and larval attainment for aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]