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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gerokomos is the property of Indemm Farma SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la relación establecida entre el intento suicida, la edad y otras variables psicosociales: consumo de sustancias, problemas psicosociales conexos y un diagnóstico psicológico previo en cuatro municipios de Antioquia, Colombia. Se partió del paradigma cuantitativo y se estimó un modelo regresional -no paramétrico- a partir de las variables objeto de estudio. Se estimó para el análisis un total de 1561 reportes obtenidos de los registros del SIVIGILA sobre intento suicida. En cuanto al intento suicida y las variables analizadas, se encontró una correlación bilateral inversa significativa con los problemas psicosociales (-,088**) al ser de mayor relevancia los problemas afectivos y económicos, aunque se destacó como un problema emergente la ausencia de información en los registros de estas variables. Se concluye que es necesario comprender el comportamiento suicida como una problemática compleja que se relaciona íntimamente con las situaciones psicosociales vitales, de ahí la importancia de que, al momento de su registro en el sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica, las variables psicosociales sean analizadas como factores causales del evento, y desde esta comprensión diseñar programas de prevención específicos que fortalezcan los factores protectores y las habilidades para la vida.

El artículo aborda la presencia de la sustancia psicoactiva llamada mescalina en la escritura y obra plástica de Henri Michaux. Se trata de uno de los escritores y artistas plásticos más interesantes y controvertidos del siglo XX, por ello la importancia de ver su relación con el consumo no ritual sino vivencial de dicha sustancia. Se abordan de manera específica las experiencias personales de Michaux con la mescalina y cómo ello se convierte en una impronta de su obra. La metodología empleada incluye una revisión general e histórica a sus trabajos más representativos, además de una recuperación de lo dicho por otros autores especto de su labor creativa y el consumo de sustancias psicotrópicas. El objetivo es tratar de entender, identificar y examinar los vasos comunicantes entre la mescalina, la escritura, pinturas y dibujos de Michaux. Los hallazgos más importantes apuntan a la exploración de la alteridad y la otredad vivenciada, en tanto elementos claves en la obra de dicho artista, lo cual tendría una relación ineludible con el consumo de mescalina.

Objective: This study aims to identify and analyze studies that associate Positive Psychology and its constructs with disorders related to the use of psychoactive substances. Method: An integrative review on the subject was conducted. Of the 64 results found, 13 articles were selected for description and analysis. Results: Although expanding, a low scientific production on the subject was identified. There were only seven studies focused on the relationship between Positive Psychology and the use of psychoactive substances, and only two were experimental. The concentration of publications in the USA and the lack of Brazilian studies were also evident. The most discussed constructs of Positive Psychology are happiness and spirituality, which are associated with a reduced use of psychoactive substances. Conclusions: This field of study has demonstrated potential for the prevention and treatment of these disorders, suggesting an increase in scientific production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Runas. Journal of Education & Culture is the property of CICSHAL - Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades desde America Latina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diversitas (17949998) is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas, Facultad de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Desde 2015 existen cada vez más iniciativas de la militancia LGBTIQA+ en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires ligadas al consumo de drogas: pronunciamientos en torno a la despenalización o legalización, la puesta en marcha de dispositivos para el abordaje de los consumos problemáticos, intervenciones en reducción de daños, entre otras. ¿Cuáles son las agendas políticas en común entre esta población y las drogas? El presente artículo analiza diversas razones que responden a este interrogante. Se llevaron adelante seis entrevistas en profundidad a informantes clave (militantes LGBTIQA+, responsables de dispositivos de atención a los consumos problemáticos para dicha población y funcionarixs públicxs), sumadas a una revisión bibliográfica y de fuentes secundarias. Los resultados se organizan sobre los siguientes ejes temáticos: a) la criminalización; b) la vulnerabilidad social; c) el VIH; d) la experimentación sexual. A partir de su análisis se pueden comprender los cruces y las líneas de acción desarrolladas por la militancia LGBTIQA+.

Copyright of Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte is the property of Revista Virtual Universidad Catolica del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In preliminary studies, we observed a high prevalence of the use of psychoactive substances (PS) among Anatomy students, with a greater impact among recurrent students or those with work activities. The cause of use is multifactorial, but risk and precipitating factors stand out, such as the workload of the curriculum, study demands, distress due to negative cadaveric coping, the new educational context and the number of hours of sleep. The objective was to compare the prevalence of SP use between the 2011-2019 cohorts, with a focus on behavioral determinants. Observational, cross-sectional and comparative study using a standardized and anonymous survey in 945 students (year 2011= 122; year 2013= 158; year 2015=204; year 2017= 228; year 2019= 233). Statistical parameters were applied, significance was defined as p<0.05 and the ethical-legal requirements for research were met. We observed a significant increase in reported SP consumption in order to increase study hours, highlighting the use of coffee, energizers, psychotropic drugs (modafinil) and acetylsalicylic acid. We found that the number of working hours was proportional to the amount of substances used; and in the recurring group, the correlation with the use of psychoactive drugs was presented (modafinil: r> -0.84; AA: r> -0.71). In the case of benzodiazepine anxiolytics, it was associated with lack of sleep and distress due to negative coping with the study with cadavers. In the cohorts compared for a period of 9 years, we found a high prevalence of psychoactive substance use with an increasing trend. The variables work activity and recurrence were determinants for the use of substances, and issues related to university adaptability and negative study coping with the corpse were associated; all with pedagogical impact on the teaching and learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El ejercicio físico (EF) regular tiene beneficios en la salud; además, es recomendado como estrategia útil en el tratamiento por consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA). Se estudiaron diferencias y efecto del EF sobre la aptitud física y estrés en sujetos drogodependientes. El diseño pre-experimental pretest-postest con un solo grupo conformado por (n=4, Medad=22.0, DE=5.3), evaluados y elegibles según el autoreporte PAR-Q & YOU y el inventario IDARE. Los resultados mostraron que la resistencia muscular de miembros superiores e inferiores obtuvieron diferencias significativas (p< 0.03, y 0.00), aunque el tamaño del efecto no evidenció valores positivos (d = -1.79 y -6.00); la capacidad aeróbica, resistencia muscular abdominal y flexibilidad no reportaron significación estadística y el tamaño del efecto fue negativo; el estrés mostró diferencias significativas. Los hallazgos revelan que el EF puede generar cambios positivos en algunos componentes de la aptitud física en los pacientes. Se debe seguir investigando esta línea de trabajo.

Objetivo. El presente artículo busca realizar un análisis crítico desde las neurociencias, sobre el abordaje clínico del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) en Latinoamérica. Metodología. A través de una revisión narrativa de la literatura, recurso que facilita la descripción y discusión relacionada a una determinada temática, que da lugar a la interpretación y análisis crítico del autor. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 54 artículos de los cuales se identificaron cuatro líneas temáticas contemplando líneas temáticas: (1) contexto latinoamericano en salud y manejo del consumo de SPA, (2) el consumo de SPA desde las neurociencias, (3) alteraciones asociadas al consumo de SPA y (4) las neurociencias como una útil para el abordaje del consumo de SPA. Conclusión. A partir del análisis crítico de la revisada, se resalta el amplio potencial las neurociencias para enriquecer la discusión interdisciplinaria sobre el fenómeno del consumo de SPA en Latinoamérica, en los campos de la investigación, la intervención y de las políticas públicas sobre el tema.

Introducción: la familia es el escenario en el que los adolescentes consumidores construyen o destruyen aspectos relacionados a su personalidad, esta afirmación tiene que ver con elementos que hacen parte de la dinámica cotidiana como: la comunicación familiar, los procesos de crianza y las estrategias de prevención y riesgo que generan en su práctica de vida. El objetivo que fundamenta este artículo de reflexión es hacer una apuesta frente a los factores protectores a nivel familiar que favorecen la mitigación del riesgo de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en la adolescencia. La metodología es cualitativa con enfoque metodológico herme-néutico en clave hacia la reflexión que permita a las familias y los adolescentes encontrar puntos comunes en los procesos de interacción y disminuir factores de riesgo. Se desarrolla la temática del consumo en torno al significado de la familia y sus prácticas de prevención para construir un lugar común, que una, vincule y motive a la participación afectiva de cada integrante; la pre-vención frente a las dificultades surge tras la reflexividad y el tejido vincular. Como resultado principal se destaca el lugar de la familia y los procesos psicoeducativos inherentes al mundo parental y marental aunado al apoyo de las demás redes de proximales. Como conclusión de este ejercicio escritural reflexivo se encuentra que la comunicación, las prácticas de crianza en el tejido familiar para la reconstrucción y construcción de adolescentes libres de consumo, con más procesos de democratización de las relaciones familiares se convierten en insumo funda-mental para el trabajo con las familias.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The consumption of psychoactive substances is one of the public health problems that needs to be addressed and tackled by health personnel in order to reduce the incidence of consumption and the problems of morbidity and mortality, therefore the objective of the present study is to identify if there are differences in the cognitive performance of attention and memory in a group of young Colombian adult consumers and non-consumers of psychoactive substances through a simple prospective ex post facto prospective design; 60 participants divided into two groups between 18 and 30 years of age were evaluated using the Neuropsychological Evaluation Instrument NEUROPSI Attention and Memory (NAM-2). The results indicate that the most prevalent substances in the consumer group were alcohol, marijuana, nicotine, cocaine and inhalants; likewise, it was identified that there are statistically significant differences in the cognitive performance of attention and memory between both groups; likewise, the results suggest the presence of alterations in functions such as selective and sustained attention, working memory, encoding and evocation in the sample of consumers. When framing the results in the field of prevention, the need to implement intervention routes against consumption at early ages is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consumption of alcoholic drinks by students of higher education has reached worrying numbers, affecting negatively their engagement and academic achievement. This article aimed to describe the procedures and results of the adaptation and validation of a Scale of University Students' Perceptions on the Effects of Alcohol Consumption in Brazil. The instrument was applied to a sample of 202 Brazilian students. Confirmatory factor analysis showed the existence of two dimensions, in accordance with the original Portuguese version, grouping items of positive and negative perceptions about the effects on the alcohol consumption. There were found high levels of internal consistency of items for each dimension (positive perceptions a=0,80 and negative perceptions a=0,80) and criteria validity indexes, equally promising for using the scale in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El uso de drogas por los ancianos se caracteriza por ser un grave problema de salud pública. El número de usuarios de mayor edad ha aumentado a nivel internacional durante los últimos 40 años, pero el tema sigue siendo descuidado. Este estudio se centra en pacientes ancianos con síntomas de enfermedades mentales concomitantes. Así, se investigó el tiempo de uso, patrones de consumo de sustancias de abuso y el perfil sociodemográfico de los pacientes atendidos en los Centros de Atención Psicosocial por Alcohol y Drogas (CAPS-AD), ubicados en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. Se trata de un estudio observacional descriptivo con un diseño cuantitativo transversal sobre la frecuencia de abuso de sustancias en la población mencionada. Las prevalencias obtenidas en este estudio son inferiores a las encontradas en la población general y a las reportadas en estudios internacionales. Esta diferencia puede estar relacionada con las características socioculturales de la muestra y el hecho de que los pacientes ya están en contacto con un servicio de salud mental, lo que puede indicar la importancia del contacto regular con los servicios de salud como factor protector y espacio de ayuda.

Copyright of FACSalud is the property of Revista FACSalud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this research was to characterize the discussion forum of a virtual community in which the members addressed drug-related issues for ludic and recreational purposes. Through a netnography approach, a virtual community in Spanish was studied in which users shared content regarding the use of psychoactive substances. Data collection was carried out based on 12 forums whose main topic was the report of consumer experiences. The data were compiled in Excel databases, and thematic data analysis was carried out with the support of the Nvivo software. The results showed that the discussions were characterized by dynamics in which users exchange a wide amount of knowledge about drugs, their uses, symptoms and physiological effects, as well as psychological experience. At the same time, the dynamics of the forums provide resources to users to promote the construction of a sense of community. The findings showed the interest of the communities in promoting care environments, risk prevention, and harm reduction. These types of studies corroborate the relevance of forums as potential and useful scenarios for drug research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic or excessive consumption of the substance benzoylmethylecgonine and its derivatives has been involved in the decrease in the cognitive area of the human being, focusing on: memory, attention, concentration, orientation and various cognitive functions. The present study tries to analyze the underlying mechanisms of cognitive deterioration in people addicted to benzoylmethylecgonine and denote the metric instruments presented in this line of study. Through a systematic review in the Pub Med and Medline databases, it was possible to discriminate 51 non-randomized scientific articles related to the subject. The articles were analyzed using the AMSTAR tool and described with the PRIMA methodology. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that cognitive impairment is evident and progressive in their cognitive functions in evaluated patients. Updating this information will make it possible to contribute to future research and interventions on consumer awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to promote community resilience through the formation of protective communities with people deprived of liberty in a Penitentiary Institution in the city of Pasto, Colombia. The research was carried out based on the qualitative paradigm, with a hermeneutic historical approach through critical ethnography, in which 15 people deprived of liberty participated. Community resilience focused on strengthening protective factors present in the community, through the formation of protective communities as the scenario that guides subjects to live the experience of deprivation of liberty as an opportunity for adaptation, learning and resignification. The results evidenced the underlying relationship between community resilience, mental health and resocialization (main objective of deprivation of liberty), allowing changes in daily dynamics, interaction with other subjects and reflection on one's life project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regular physical activity (PE) has positive health effects, and it is also suggested as a helpful tactic in the management of psychoactive substance use (PAS). Study individuals who were drug addicted looked at differences and the impact of PE on stress and physical fitness. The pre-experimental pretest-posttest design included a single group of (n=4, Mage=22.0, SD=5.3) individuals who were evaluated and eligible based on the PAR-Q & YOU self-report and the IDARE inventory. The results showed that the muscular resistance of the upper and lower limbs had significant differences (p 0.03, and 0.00), but the effect size was negative (d = -1.79 and - 6.00); aerobic capacity, abdominal muscular resistance, and flexibility did not show statistical significance, and the effect size was negative; stress showed significant differences. The findings show that PE can improve some aspects of physical fitness in patients. This area of research should be looked into further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bio-grafía. Escritos Sobre la Biología y su Enseñanza is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Eleuthera is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aims to know the social representations of women about the use of legal psychoactive substances during pregnancy. This is a descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach, which was carried out from December 2020 to March 2021, 25 women attended at a health center in the interior of the state of Alagoas participated in the research. The Theory of Social Representations was used as a theoretical framework. In the main results, the feelings that cause conflicts in the individual and social spheres of the participants about the use of legal psychoactive substances during pregnancy were highlighted as central themes. Thus, it can be known that the study made it possible to know the social representations of women about the use of legal psychoactive substances during pregnancy, through a consensual universe, formed from social support and combined by women and their social relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction of substances through different forms, which can alter mood, behavior or perceptions. It is a public health problem that begins at early ages due to different situations such as adolescence where risk behaviors and the social need to join peer groups are present. In adulthood there are great changes and functions that differ from adolescence, being an age in which there is more stability, being a cycle of life, which is the one that takes more time, which is why the author Erikson divides adulthood into three stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to stablish the prevalence of psychoactive substances consumption among students and to associate this consumption with the socio-demographic, family structures, and personality traits. The study was set on a public technological institute of Medellín, Colombia during 2016. The next tests were applied once to the students: ASSIT, APGAR Family, NEO-FFI, ERI and a test of sociodemographic variables. The primary outcome in this study was the prevalence of consumption of psychoactive substances among students. In order to stablish the association between psychoactive substances and sociodemographic, family structures, and personality traits, a logistic regression model was fit. A total of 891 students participated in this study. The prevalence of psychoactive substances use among students was 51.6%. The logistic regression conducted on the data proved that males, among 18 to 24 years, with intrafamily deficit, and with low kindness were positively associated with greater PAS use (OR = 2.97, 2.72, 1.63, 9.32, respectively). Kindness aspects (e.g., confidence, frankness, counseling, sensitivity to others) and family relationships should be improved in order to prevent psychoactive substances use among students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of psychoactive substance use in Peruvian population during the pandemic. Method: The research was a quantitative descriptive, non-experimental cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 1932 subjects of both sexes, aged between 18 and 65 years. For the collection of information, a survey was elaborated with questions related to the consumption of psychoactive substances, work and family information during the pandemic. Results: In the results it was found that people who telework consume more alcohol, tobacco, energizers, tranquilizers and marijuana; those who work remotely have a higher consumption of tranquilizers. Alcohol is the most consumed legal drug, followed by tobacco and marijuana. Substance use decreased during the quarantine period. People who consume alcohol presented higher percentages of contagion and loss of a family member. They also consider that they have support from their family or friends to cope with a COVID-19 contagion. Conclusions: It is concluded that in the Peruvian population the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana prevails, there is a decrease in the consumption of psychoactive substances; however, consumption continues despite the restrictions established but the Peruvian state and the risks produced by consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Universitaria de la Educación Física y el Deporte is the property of Instituto Universitaria Asociacion Cristiana de Jovenes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: Establecer los principales factores que inciden en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas ilegales en Colombia mediante la aplicación de técnicas estadísticas multivariadas. Método: Se consideraron respuestas de 500 personas seleccionadas aleatoriamente de la encuesta nacional de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en población general de Colombia. Los datos se analizaron con regresión logística binaria, análisis de correspondencia múltiple y análisis de clúster. Resultados: Se identificaron altas probabilidades de que las personas que sientan la curiosidad y que se les ofrezca consumir sustancias alucinógenas prueben las drogas. Se confirma que una persona tendrá mayor posibilidad de consumir drogas si miembros de su entorno psicosocial más cercano consumen. La sustancia psicoactiva de mayor consumo y que es más ofrecida a los ciudadanos de Colombia es la marihuana. Se identificaron 4 clústeres de acuerdo al tipo de consumo, que se denominaron mota, cocainómanos, policonsumo y fuera de lo común. Conclusiones: Las personas que consumen y tienen amigos consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas se correlacionan con la facilidad en el acceso a sustancias psicoactivas. Se detectó estabilidad y consistencia entre los diferentes niveles de acceso a las drogas, es decir, si a una persona le es fácil adquirir una droga especifica le será igual de fácil adquirir los otros tipos de droga y si le es difícil conseguir una sustancia en específica, le será igual de difícil obtener cualquier otra de las sustancias analizadas.

Objetivo: caracterizar los contextos sociales y motivaciones personales asociadas al consumo contemporáneo de enteógenos en Medellín y el Valle de Aburrá. Metodología: se utilizó principalmente un enfoque cualitativo y etnográfico, por medio de entrevistas y trabajo de campo. También se realizó la aplicación de una encuesta de motivación tipo Likert. Resultados: se describen las principales variables sociodemográficas y contextuales, así como los enteógenos más consumidos en Medellín y el Valle de Aburrá, y se presentan las principales motivaciones asociadas al consumo de enteógenos. Conclusiones: los enteógenos son sustancias que generan en las personas experiencias sumamente transformadoras. Su consumo se presenta en contextos (neo)chamánicos, religiosos, terapéuticos y experimentales. Las principales motivaciones asociadas a su uso están relacionadas con un bienestar de tipo psicológico y físico, así como al fomento de la creatividad y la espiritualidad. El consumo lúdico-recreativo se ubica en el último lugar, como la motivación menos significativa.

Objetivo: analizar los efectos del lenguaje en usuarios de sustancias psicoactivas y sus prácticas a partir de discursos de actores que participan de los circuitos de prescripción, comercialización y consumo. Metodología: a partir de resultados de tres investigaciones, dos sobre el uso de benzodiacepinas (2013-2016) y una sobre sustancias psicoactivas (2016-2019), se analizan los agenciamientos y la performatividad del lenguaje referido a esos consumos. Resultados: se observan los efectos del lenguaje en la consideración del sí mismo de los sujetos consumidores a partir de la dependencia y deshabituación a la sustancia, la percepción de exigencias culturales y la asunción de identidades vinculadas al consumo. Conclusiones: la reflexión sobre los procesos de inclusión/exclusión que generan performativamente ciertas formas del lenguaje puede propiciar las condiciones de posibilidad para su deconstrucción y mostrar cómo determinadas modalidades de pensamiento han influido en la narcotización de la vida cotidiana.

The drugs phenomenon must be analyzed taking into account a variety of relevant dimensions and problems in the field of health, in terms of human rights, security policies, democracy, and development. As we get closer to 60 years of prohibitionist policies, it is difficult to find reasons to explain the persistence of the drug policies in Argentina and in the world. Most of the countries continue to be trapped in drug policies that amplify damage and suffering in populations, that violate people's rights and reduce state capacities and that find as the main response (and in some places exclusively), incarceration of population groups. The article is structured as follows: first, the current regulatory framework on drugs described, then, the situation of consumption practices and the indicators of the current paradigm in drug policies are analyzed. As a conclusion, contributions are presented for a drug policy based on prevention, harm reduction, and health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En el artículo se identifican los factores que influyen en los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa 12 de febrero en la ciudad de Zamora, el uso de sustancias psicoactivas. Los datos fueron obtenidos metodológicamente a través de encuestas aplicadas a 80 estudiantes, 80 padres de familia y 12 docentes, posteriormente se realizó el análisis de los resultados, mismos que se enmarcan en las características de un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo, la cual indica que tanto los problemas familiares como la influencia de amigos son factores de riesgo en el consumo de sustancias en los estudiantes que conforman la muestra. Los hallazgos encontrados en la investigación permitieron identificar que los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa 12 de febrero si consumen sustancias psicoactivas, luego de recopilar y analizar la información de las encuestas aplicadas a estudiantes se determinó que existen varias causas del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas como la influencia de amigos, malas relaciones intrafamiliares, accesibilidad a drogas y muchas veces por curiosidad, teniendo como consecuencia que no exista un desarrollo integral de los estudiantes, pues los adolescentes son vulnerables a las adicciones, cualquier uso de sustancias psicoactivas en este grupo se considera un comportamiento de alto riesgo de tener efectos nocivos para la salud y aumenta la probabilidad de desarrollar abuso o dependencia a largo plazo.

In Colombia there would be about half a million people with abuse or dependence on illicit drugs, so it is a priority to develop preventive interventions based on evidence. Universal, selective and indicated prevention requires the analysis of factors associated with consumption in the general population and among drug users. Objectives. Establish factors that are associated with the consumption of illegal substances in the general population and latent classes among drug users. Method. Cross-sectional study with 32,605 between 12 and 65 years, with regression, factorial and latent class analysis. Results. Having consumer friends and previous experience with psychoactive substances are the factors most associated with the use of illegal substances in the last year. Three latent classes of illicit drug users were identified, which vary with respect to current consumption and the experience of consumption of illicit substances. Conclusions. Factors with potential utility for the prevention of the consumption of illicit substances were identified. The analysis of the latent classes of consumers, allows to specify the factors to be considered in the indicated prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Este artículo se fundamentó en una investigación documental que pretende analizar cómo la violencia intrafamiliar marca o influye en el proceso de formación y desarrollo del futuro ciudadano con el fin de concientizar sobre la importancia de la preservación de los niveles de respeto que deben existir al interior de las familias. Este artículo logra adquirir una alta relevancia social debido a que el problema que en ella se desarrolla puede ocurrir en familias de distintos estratos o condiciones sociales. En otras palabras, tener co-nocimiento de la existencia de este fenómeno es importante en la vida familiar de todos los hogares, puesto que estos comportamientos y sus efectos no distinguen religión, raza, género o condición social. Asimismo, el estudio de estos actos nos permite entender o comprender aún más la victimogénesis de la violencia in-trafamiliar y las consecuencias que se despliegan de estas situaciones. Para ello, se recurrió a los estudios que sobre esta problemática existen a nivel global y nacional con un acentuado enfoque en los distintos in-formes que se han expedido por entidades gubernamentales y no gubernamentales del distrito de Cartagena.

El presente artículo enfatiza en la dinámica de los adolescentes que son consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas en tiempos de confinamiento a raíz del SRAS-COV-2, conocido como Covid-19, especialmente los que utilizan la vía respiratoria para poder drogarse ya que es un factor de riesgo en caso de ser contagiado. Objetivo: analizar la situación de consumo de los adolescentes en la actualidad, donde se vive una experiencia atípica mundial de salud y que obliga a estar más en la casa o lugares menos conglomerados, de manera que provoca un contexto más hostil ante la necesidad y búsqueda de sustancias de consumo y hace más notorios los factores de riesgo tanto personales como sociales. Metodología: de tipo cualitativo de estudio y exploración bibliográfica, fundamentándose en fuentes estadísticas tanto nacionales como internacionales. Además, se hace una breve explicación de las reacciones en el sistema nervioso central al momento de consumo y de forma estadística. Resultados: se refleja cómo se ha ido incrementando el uso y abuso del tabaco, alcohol y marihuana en las personas jóvenes. Conclusiones: se finaliza con recomendaciones de detección del consumo, canales de prevención y búsqueda de ayuda.

The consumption of psychoactive substances in Colombia has increased, both legal and illegal, especially in university students, if we review the national studies on consumption developed by the Colombian Drug Observatory (2016), we can conclude that not only does consumption increase, but the age of onset decreases, which also constitutes greater needs for care in specialized services for substance abuse. Research questions arise: what are the substances consumed by young university students in Colombia? What risk and protective factors are prioritized in university contexts for the prevention of substance abuse? The objectives of this research were: to identify which drugs are being consumed by young people and how the foundations of prevention programs are established. Methodologically, to carry out the present narrative review, a search was carried out in PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, Dialnet databases. A chain search was also performed and other studies were located using bibliographic reference lists of the studies retrieved in the primary search. This is a narrative review was carried out under criteria of international standards. The critical evaluation of the articles consisted of the complete reading of the study, its evaluation and filling of the data collection instrument. Those studies published in duplicate or found in more than one database were considered only once. Once all the sources were integrated, it was decided to organize the evidence found by cities, consumption substances, risk perception, risk and protection factors. The results show an emphasis on the consumption of alcohol and tobacco. Marijuana as an illegal substance is the most consumed and considered the initiation channel for other substances. After these, relatively significant use of inhalants, cocaine and LSD is shown. It is evident that the consumption of psychoactive substances presents a behavior similar to that reported by epidemiological studies, the prevalence of consumption is higher for legal substances, as well as the age of onset is lower for these. In conclusion, the following stand out as risk factors: the life cycle and ease of access; and as a protective factor: satisfaction with the career and a positive vision of the future. With this panorama, the Ministry of National Education of Colombia (MEN) (2008) proposes as a strategy to reduce academic dropout, the creation of psychological support programs for students that are focused on the identification and monitoring of people at risk of consumption of psychoactive substances. It is necessary to build campaigns within the framework of social advertising in two scenarios: one, communications conceptualized by professionals towards public awareness training; and two, prevention campaigns to focus on areas and foci of influence, sectored and atomized to specific problems, specific substances and target adopting public. Likewise, the preventive practices that must be incorporated must aim at three areas: recognition of the negative consequences of drug abuse; clear, systematic and efficient communication; and to the promotion of sound decision-making by young people. The promotion of mental health in national health systems and professional health organizations need prevention campaigns with the participation of communities. Within the limitations of this study, this article is the product of the narrative review carried out for Colombia, as it is described geographically, only characterization of three of the regions is obtained and with a strong emphasis on studies of the capital city (Bogotá), the other two regions that are not described are areas with an active presence of illicit crops that generate a permanent relationship of the communities with the substances, and even with indigenous groups with consumption associated with their cultural identity, aspectsthat are not reflected by not have information on these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La Iglesia Católica encabezada por el Papa, es un actor relevante en la consolidación del imaginario católico contemporáneo sobre drogas, que armoniza con las directrices internacionales prohibicionistas que fundamentan las convenciones sobre drogas de la Organización de Naciones Unidas. Comprender la relación político/religiosa entre la institución eclesiástica y el Régimen Internacional de Control de Drogas, resulta en insumos para la toma de decisiones en políticas de drogas. A partir de una revisión documental de textos oficiales en español (traducidos algunos) de los últimos tres periodos papales (1978 y 2020), fueron seleccionados y analizados cuatro documentos centrales que a los ojos de los autores expresan el sustrato epistemológico y axiológico contemporáneo de la Santa Sede frente a las drogas. En base a lo anterior encontramos que es imposible comprender el paradigma prohibicionista sin estudiar la influencia que tiene la religión en su génesis, desarrollo y presente. Por otro lado, que la crisis del sistema prohibicionista y su fracaso estrepitoso, a todas luces evidente, coincide con una creciente secularización por parte de los estados, y con la adopción de políticas públicas y legislativas que históricamente fueron repudiadas por la Iglesia. Finalmente, que el ejercicio que llevamos adelante, puede resultar esencial para desenmascarar estas lógicas y tener mejores herramientas epistemológicas, conceptuales y prácticas para quienes desde la vereda opuesta, trabajamos por una política de drogas que reconozca el placer como central en los consumos, el respeto de la autonomía personal y los derechos humanos de las personas.

Addictive drug use today is associated with the impact of the cultural configuration of consumer society and the transformation of institutions that leave young people in distress. Objective. To explore and to understand the subjectivity in the trajectory of the addictive consumption of Psychoactive Substances (PS). Method. Qualitative study from the Grounded Theory, with an intentional sampling, in which nine young people served in two Treatment Centers in Veracruz (Mexico) were interviewed, to reconstruct their Life Stories and their addictive trajectories, using the principle of saturation. Results. Six categories that marked subjectivity were identified: a) experiences within their family context, b) conditions of the social environment, c) what is looked for and what is found, d) filling inner emptiness with PS, e) Consumption related experiences and f) the trajectory of addictive consumption. Conclusions. The subjectivity present in the addictive consumption of PS implies a constant search for satisfaction to fill an emotional void. Studying subjective experiences in current addictive consumption, will allow a better understanding of the origin of addictive consumption and therefore, reorienting intervention strategies that consider the social conditions that produce it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of psychoactive substances, as evidenced by ethnographic data, is quite common throughout South and Central America. Archaeological evidences of material culture of such practices from the Amazonian lowlands, however, have received little attention or have not been significantly recognized. For example, the small ceramic vases with spouts from the Marajoara phase, some with zoomorphic designs, have traditionally been associated with their use as an eating utensil or a "spoon". We propose their true purpose was to serve as containers for snuff storage or directly as inhalers of psychoactive substances, such as the "paricá-powder". The "snuff spoon" spout of the container, filled with "paricá", would be inserted into one nostril, the other being closed with the thumb. The opening of the container would be covered with the fingers or the palm of the other hand. Inhalation creates a vacuum inside the container and the sudden opening and simultaneous inhalation sucks the snuff into the user's nose. Here, nine specimens, which are part of the archaeology collection at the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi in Belém, are presented and described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: el consumo de sustancias ilícitas y la ingesta compulsiva de alcohol son situaciones que causan efectos negativos para el individuo y la sociedad. La asociación de trastornos psiquiátricos al abuso o dependencia de drogas, ha alcanzado importancia en los últimos años, hasta proponerse el término de diagnóstico dual, para referirse a esta asociación y verla como una entidad. Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia del consumo de alcohol y drogas ilícitas en pacientes hospitalizados en instituciones psiquiátricas. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo. Se recolectó información desde las historias clínicas de pacientes hospitalizados en los años 2008 y 2009 en tres instituciones psiquiátricas de los municipios de Cartagena y Turbaco en Colombia. Se calculó la prevalencia porcentual de consumo compulsivo de alcohol, consumo de sustancias ilícitas y de ambas con respecto a la totalidad de pacientes hospitalizados. Resultados: 2526 pacientes fueron ingresados en los dos años en las tres instituciones, 1086 pacientes en el 2008 y 1440 en el 2009. La prevalencia de consumo compulsivo de alcohol y sustancias ilícitas fue de 19,5%, la prevalencia de consumo compulsivo de alcohol fue de 2,3% y de consumo de sustancias ilícitas fue de 18,6%. La sumatoria no es exacta debido a que es común encontrar policonsumo. No se observó diferencia entre los dos años en ninguna de las tres evaluaciones. La sustancia ilícita de mayor consumo fue la marihuana. Conclusión: la prevalencia encontrada de consumo de sustancias ilícitas y consumo compulsivo de alcohol en enfermos mentales es una situación que debe ser adecuadamente abordada, para ofrecer una correcta intervención sanitaria. Rev.cienc.biomed. 2012;3(1):69-76

Si bien los consumos de sustancias psicoactivas son una práctica que se remonta a los albores de la humanidad, en el último siglo se han constituido en un problema que interpela a la comunidad científica, a las agencias estatales de control, a los profesionales que actúan en los más diversos ámbitos, a la comunidad toda. Siendo una cuestión compleja que se expresa en múltiples manifestaciones, se ha tendido a circunscribirla como enfermedad y/o como delito; sin embargo, no todas las formas de consumo representan un uso problemático, ni producen trastornos por el uso de sustancias. En este sentido, la convocatoria abierta “Consumos de sustancias psicoactivas: del castigo al cuidado” reunió investigaciones que aportan conocimientos y acciones contrarias al punitivismo, que desgraciadamente insiste en permanecer en la sociedad.

El artículo tuvo como objetivo Implementar las zonas de orientación universitaria para la mitigación y prevención del uso y abuso de la farmacodependencia mixta en la universidad de La Guajira. Colombia. Metodológicamente, esta investigación es de tipo descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo; diseño no experimental, transeccional y de campo. La población fue 100 estudiantes. Se concluye que se requiere de alianzas estratégicas mediante la aplicabilidad de la política nacional de drogas, descritas en el modelo de inclusión social, para generar un impacto integrador teniendo en cuenta las disposiciones del marco de participación de los actores sociales mediante un proceso de sensibilización, lo cual permitirá abordar las problemática teniendo en cuenta las directrices y lineamientos existentes dentro de los esquemas propios de la política pública.