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Daily check and inspection of electrical utilities on the transmission line to find out faults or malfunction data and analyze, it’s to ensure normal state of electrical equipment really difficult in any situation. Machine-controlled inspections by like robots or drones for power transmission infrastructures is an indispensable way to assure the safety of power transmission. Targeted object detection and classification of the power transmission infrastructure is the prerequisite for automatic inspection. In our experiment we have create the dedicated datasets of the electric equipment on power transmission line for multi-object detection, including our data collection, prepossessing and annotation. This work has been done multiple experiments to solve our functional problem and compare novel state of art deep learning methods such as Faster R-CNN, Mask R-CNN, YOLO, and SSD with MobileNet is a base feature extractor, to realize the electric equipment on power transmission line detection. For Condition monitoringand diagnosis identification of the importance of electric equipment on the electric transfer line, in the proposed deep detection approach, the Single-Shot Multi-box Detector (SSD) is a powerful deepmeta-architecture. The results show that our method can automatically detect electric equipment on high voltage transfer defects more accurately and rapidly than lightweight network methods and traditional deep learning methods. Results shed new light on defect detection in actual in progressive scenarios. In our research the main goal to show the implementation of the object detection on electric equipment's inspections on high voltage electric transfer lines on drone video using MobileNet-SSD object detection and recognition.

The extension of human space exploration from a low earth orbit to a high earth orbit, then to Moon, Mars, and possibly asteroids is NASA’s biggest challenge for the new millennium. Integral to this mission is the effective, sufficient, and reliable supply of cryogenic propellant fluids. Therefore, highly energy-efficient thermal-fluid management breakthrough concepts to conserve and minimize the cryogen consumption have become the focus of research and development, especially for the deep space mission to mars. Here we introduce such a concept and demonstrate its feasibility in parabolic flights under a simulated space microgravity condition. We show that by coating the inner surface of a cryogenic propellant transfer pipe with low-thermal conductivity microfilms, the quenching efficiency can be increased up to 176% over that of the traditional bare-surface pipe for the thermal management process of chilling down the transfer pipe. To put this into proper perspective, the much higher efficiency translates into a 65% savings in propellant consumption.

This paper deals with an optimization problem, which arises when a new transfer line has to be designed subject to a limited number of available machines, cycle time constraint, and precedence relations between necessary production tasks. The studied problem consists in assigning a given set of tasks to blocks and then blocks to machines so as to find the most robust line configuration under task processing time uncertainty. The robustness of a given line configuration is measured via its stability radius, i.e., as the maximal amplitude of deviations from the nominal value of the processing time of uncertain tasks that do not violate the solution admissibility. In this work, for considering different hypotheses on uncertainty, the stability radius is based upon the Manhattan and Chebyshev norms. For each norm, the problem is proven to be strongly NP-hard and a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) is proposed for addressing it. To accelerate the seeking of optimal solutions, two variants of a heuristic method as well as several reduction rules are devised for the corresponding MILP. Computational results are reported on a collection of instances derived from classic benchmark data used in the literature for the Transfer Line Balancing Problem.

Serial transfer lines with parallel machines in each stage are now a fairly common manufacturing system. However, its analysis and predictive-reactive control during transients remains mostly unexplored. This manufacturing system consists of a series of stages where in each stage a finite number of machines work concurrently. A two multi-state stage transfer line is studied in this paper. To describe the probability of one part being completed from the several machines in a stage, an equivalent multi-state, perfectly reliable machine is proposed. This multi-state model enables variance in the processing time between job completions to be captured stochastically. Based on historic data or engineering experience, an equivalent multi-state machine is simulated from the cumulative distribution function of the aggregated behavior of the parallel machines. In this paper, a serial production line with two equivalent, multi-state machines is used to analyze transient performance. Analytical closed-form expressions are derived to evaluate system transient behaviors. This system is also used with a controller to implement practical production control. Using model predictive control, system control parameter values provide decision support for managers to control short-term production. The proposed methodology can be applied to improve resource efficiency in other operation management problems.

Sampling hazardous compounds in the form of solids and liquids is a growing need in the fields of homeland security and forensics. Chemical analysis of particles and droplets under field conditions is crucial for various tasks carried out by counter-terrorism and law enforcement units. The use of simple, small and low cost means to achieve this goal is constantly pursued. In this work, an approach for rapid, continuous generation of vapors from liquid samples using sonic spray (SS) as the sample introduction technique, followed by analysis using hand-held ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) vapor analyzers is presented. Transfer of analytes is demonstrated from liquid state to the gas phase at the inlet of an IMS detector using a sonic spray apparatus that consists of a nebulizer, spraying solution, a source of compressed gas and an unheated transfer line tube to the detector inlet nozzle. This technique does not require any electrical, radiative or thermal energy. Analysis of several narcotic substances including cocaine, methamphetamine and amphetamine, and of an explosive compound, TNT, is demonstrated, using two commercial devices as analyzers. Two sampling configurations are presented: direct sampling of liquid, either from a vial or a spill (SS-IMS) and extraction of a substance collected with a swab by dipping it in the spray solvent (ESS-IMS), being suitable for both drops and particles. Limits of detection of the presented method are comparable to those obtained with thermal desorption sample introduction of the commercial device. Time traces of the IMS signals show a continuous and stable signal with a short rise time. This sampling technique may offer competitive performance to that of common thermal desorption techniques, with the advantages of coupling to simpler, smaller and cheaper vapor detectors, optimized for field use, and of a continuous, pulseless sample or object interrogation.

The high energy photon source (HEPS), a 6-GeV synchrotron radiation facility with ultralow emittance, is under construction in China. Three transfer lines are designed for HEPS. One low-energy transfer line is used to deliver the 500 MeV beam provided by the linac to the booster. Two high-energy transfer lines are used to connect the booster and the storage ring to realize beam accumulation in the booster at 6 GeV. The design of the transfer lines is closely related to the layout and optics design of the storage ring, booster and linac. Based on the physics design of the storage ring, booster and linac, the design of the transfer lines has been adjusted. In this paper, the considerations and design of the latest lattice of transfer lines are described. The design satisfies the requirements of the high efficiency transmission and injection.

JT-60SA is a fusion experiment tokamak device with superconducting magnets to be built in Japan. As a unique feature of the JT-60SA cryodistribution system, the main cryogenic transfer line from the helium refrigerator directly inserts into the tokamak cryostat at 12.4 m height, and then it branches to 12 distribution units separately placed around the tokamak through headers in the cryostat. This configuration contributes to the maximization of plasma volume and installation flexibility for heating and measurement devices of plasma experiments but causes complicated cooling paths and severe conditions on a mechanical design due to the seismic event and the thermal contraction. In this work, we represent the system design of JT-60SA cryodistribution and several component designs in these severe conditions.

The CERN PSB (Proton Synchrotron Booster) is currently undergoing a major upgrade with an increase in both injection and extraction energy. With the connection of the new LINAC 4, which replaces the now decommissioned LINAC 2, the energy of the beam to be transported to the PSB is increased from 50 MeV to 160 MeV. Simultaneously, the PSB will be upgraded to provide protons to the CERN PS (Proton Synchrotron) with an increase of energy from 1.4 GeV to 2 GeV. To cope with these increases, more than 40 magnets in the transfer lines to and from the PSB will be replaced with new magnets. This paper gives an overview of the challenges and chosen solutions concerned by these upgrades.

The Wendelstein 7-X experimental device has completed the third plasma operation campaign in November 2018. The running, two-year shut down phase is being used to install new diagnostics, new in-vessel-components (steady-state divertor and cryopumps), and their auxiliary supply systems. In particular, the installation of the ten cryopumps requires a substantial upgradation of the cryosystems. The work package comprises the installation of a 55-m long new transfer line from the cryoplant to the new valve box and the installation of ten transfer lines with lengths up to 15 m from the valve box to the ten cryovacuum pumps (CVPs) in the plasma vessel. The tasks have been split into two main contracts in industry. Both contracts are presently running, the production of the transfer lines and the valve box per September 2019 is in an advanced status. The aim is to complete the production in early 2020 and the installation work by the end of 2020. A second task regarding the cryosystems is the upgrade with respect to the foreseen long pulse operation of W7-X. Therefore, new storage tanks for helium gas and for liquid nitrogen are necessary. The helium gas storage has been installed at the end of 2018 whereas the liquid nitrogen storage tank is presently under design. This article gives an overview about individual upgrade tasks of the W7-X cryosystems, highlights the special design requirements, and reports the status of the contracts.

International audience; We consider the Reconfigurable Transfer Line Balancing Problem. This problem consists into allocating a set of operations (necessary to machine a single part) to different workstations placed into a serial line. Each workstation can contain multiple machines operating in parallel. The machines considered are mono-spindle head CNC machines which may imply sequence-dependent setup times between operations in order to perform tool changes. Therefore, the operations allocated to a workstation should be sequenced. Besides, accessibility, inclusion, exclusion and precedence constraints between operations are considered. In this article, we propose a polynomial exact algorithm that balances the transfer line provided the overall sequence of the operations (called "giant sequence") is given. We use this algorithm to solve the balancing problem when the overall sequence of operations is not fixed by embedding it in a metaheuristic framework. We perform experimentation on literature instances. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to literature.

Contact resistance (Rc) characterizes the interface of source-drain electrodes/organic semiconductors and controls the injection efficiency of carriers in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). This research paper presents and assesses two methods for extracting the value of the contact resistance from the measured current-voltage characteristics of OTFTs made with various p-type organic semiconductors as active layers. These two methods are the transition voltage method (TVM) and the transfer line method (TLM). The obtained Rc values by the TVM method are in fair agreement with those obtained by TLM, with a maximum percentage of difference around 10%, demonstrating the accuracy of the used transition-voltage method. An analytical model was employed to calculate output characteristics in the linear regime of OTFTs made with various organic semiconductors using the contact resistance values obtained by the transition voltage method. The calculated results are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental ones of each fabricated device, which affirms the ability of the used model to characterize the charge transport correctly in these types of devices. It can be concluded that the used TVM method is not only an easy and practical method, but also a precise way for extracting Rc in OTFTs produced using different organic semiconductor materials.

Today, labs that carry out chemical analyses for regulation, food safety, health, forensics, or even security purposes are looking for ways to accelerate the analytical process. Slow procedures are costly because the necessary instruments are expensive and require maintenance and a highly trained staff to operate them. One of the more ubiquitous instruments in such labs is a Gas Chromatograph (GC), which accepts a solution and outputs each of the compounds within it in a gaseous form, one by one to be further analyzed and identified, usually by a Mass Spectrometer (MS). This separation process in a GC can be rather time-consuming, partly due to the slow heating and cooling of the GC column through which the compounds move, which happens inside a box-shaped oven. This paper describes a controller developed for a unique Open Probe Fast GC instrument that enables, among other things, high-speed and controlled heating and cooling of a gas-carrying capillary transfer line. Fast heating is achieved by precisely controlling the electrical current flowing through the small inner-diameter steel tube through which the GC column passes. The fast cooling occurs by exposing the low-mass heated tube to room temperature, along with the assistance of a simple fan that carries the heated air away. This technology also supports control of other system parts, including a unique quick sampling device called an Open Probe that allows for an even faster analysis cycle. Our design is based entirely on a digital signal processor (DSP) and digital control. The use of pulse width modulation (PWM) control enables a compact and efficient system.