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En el presente proyecto vamos a comentar, acompañado de sus correspondientes cálculos justificativos, todo lo necesario para realizar el suministro y la instalación eléctrica de una nave industrial. Para ello, lo primero que haremos será realizar la instalación lumínica de cada una de las diferentes zonas, tanto interiores como exteriores, de acuerdo con la normativa correspondiente en la que se especifican los requisitos de iluminación mínima y uniformidad. Una vez tenemos toda la potencia que va a ser necesaria alimentar, tanto de la luminaria como de la maquinaria a emplear y los diferentes dispositivos que se empleen, procederemos a realizar el diseño de nuestro centro de transformación con su correspondiente transformador incorporado. Una vez realizados todos los pasos previos, procederemos a calcular las corrientes que circularán por los conductores, para los cuales nos ayudaremos de los planos en los cuales tenemos la conexión de los distintos dispositivos, con su correspondiente escala. Estos serán cruciales ya que necesitaremos las longitudes de cada circuito para posteriormente calcular las caídas de tensión. Mediante unos cálculos adicionales y tras haber realizado el dimensionamiento de los conductores, podremos determinar los dispositivos de protección que protegerán a nuestra instalación. Para realizar un diseño concienciado con el medio ambiente, parte de nuestro consumo estará autoabastecido mediante una instalación de módulos solares fotovoltaicos, los cuales colocaremos en la superficie exterior de nuestra nave industrial, con la inclinación y orientación adecuadas, de modo que podamos generar el máximo de energía posible. In this project, we will discuss, accompanied by their corresponding justifying calculations, eveything necessary to carry out the supply and electrical installation of an industrial warehouse. To do so, the first thing we will do is carry out the lighting installation for each of the different areas, both indoors and outdoors, in accordance with the corresponding regulations that specify the minimum lighting requirements and uniformity. Once we have determined the total powe that will be required to supply both the lighting fixtures and the machinery to be used, as well as any other devices that will be employed, we will proceed to design our transformer station with its corresponding built in transformer. Once all the preliminary steps are completed, we will proceed to calculate the currents that will flow through the conductors, using the plants that provide the connections of the various devices, along with their corresponding scales. These plants will be crucial as we will need the lengths of each circuit to subsequently calculate the voltaje drops. Through additional calculations and after sizing the conductors, we will be able to determine the protective devices that will safeguard our installation. To create an environmentally conscious design, a portion of our energy consumption will be self-supplied through a photovoltaic solar panel installation. These panels will be placed on the exterior surface of our industrial warehouse, with the appropiate tilt and orientation to maximize energy generation. Grado en Ingeniería en Tecnologías Industriales

Nos dias de hoje, com o agravamento das alterações climáticas, torna-se indispensável criar estratégias para reduzir as emissões dos gases com efeito de estufa. Uma das medidas com forte impacto na minimização dessas emissões foi o desenvolvimento dos veículos movidos a energia elétrica, principalmente se esta for produzida maioritariamente a partir de energias renováveis. Portugal, entre outros países, procura incentivar a aquisição de veículos elétricos, criando assim estratégias que incentivem os utilizadores a optarem por este tipo de transporte. As vendas de veículos elétricos têm registado um forte crescimento de ano para ano, registando-se um aumento muito significativo de veículos elétricos no parque automóvel português. Para que esta procura crescente se continue a verificar, torna-se imprescindível satisfazer as necessidades dos seus utilizadores, nomeadamente no que diz respeito ao carregamento deste tipo de veículos. A introdução dos vários tipos de postos de carregamento nos diagramas de carga e o aumento da potência localizada em pontos fragilizados da rede elétrica, tem-se apresentado como um desafio presente para os operadores das redes de distribuição de energia elétrica do nosso país. Com este trabalho, pretende-se estudar quais os principais impactos relacionados com o carregamento de veículos elétricos nas redes de Baixa Tensão e possíveis estratégias para solucionar esse problema. Devido à complexidade deste estudo e à variedade de situações existentes em Portugal, decidiu-se aplicá-lo à vila de Sesimbra. A razão desta escolha deve-se, principalmente, ao facto de Sesimbra ser uma vila histórica e com grande procura turística, acarretando assim uma maior dificuldade na instalação de postos de carregamento. Assim sendo, irão ser estudados os impactos nos diagramas de carga atuais dos postos de transformação existentes na vila, causados pelo incremento de carregadores na rede elétrica existente. Para isso irão ser utilizados dados reais da potência ativa dos postos de transformação, bem como o registo da energia consumida durante a utilização de postos de carregamento existentes, permitindo assim a construção dos vários cenários de carregamento. Nowadays, with the worsening of climate change, it is essential to create strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of the measures with a strong impact on the minimization of these emissions was the development of vehicles powered by electric energy, especially if it is mostly produced from renewable energy. Portugal, among other countries, seeks to encourage the acquisition of electric vehicles, thus creating strategies that encourage users to opt for this type of transport. Sales of electric vehicles have been growing strongly year on year, with a very significant increase in the number of electric vehicles in the Portuguese car fleet. For this growing demand to continue, it is essential to meet the needs of its users, particularly with regard to charging this type of vehicle. The introduction of several types of charging stations in the load diagrams and the increase of power located in weak points of the electrical grid has presented itself as a present challenge for the operators of electrical energy distribution networks in our country. With this work, it is intended to study which are the main impacts related to the charging of electric vehicles in Low Voltage networks and possible strategies to solve this problem. Due to the complexity of this study and the variety of situations existing in Portugal, it was decided to apply it to the town of Sesimbra. The reason for this choice is due, mainly, to the fact that Sesimbra is a historical town and with great tourist demand, thus causing a greater difficulty in the installation of charging stations. Therefore, we will study the impacts on the current load diagrams of the existing transformer stations in the village, caused by the increase of chargers in the existing electrical grid. For this, real data on the active power of transformer stations will be used, as well as the record of energy consumed during the use of existing charging stations, thus allowing the construction of several charging scenarios.

U ovome diplomskom radu opisan je nastanak sustava upravljanja i zaštite transformatorske stanice za napajanje podatkovnog centra. Opisani su protokoli kojima uređaji suvremene transformatorske stanice komuniciraju. Napravljen je kratki uvid o projektu te je opisan nastanak liste signala koji se koriste za upravljanje, nadzor i zaštitu transformatorske stanice. Ukratko je opisan postupak podešavanja hardverskog i softverskog dijela središnjeg kontrolera koji komunicira sa zaštitnim uređajima u stanici kao i računalom na kojem se nalazi operatorsko mjesto. Na kraju je opisana funkcionalnost svakog prikaza na operatorskom mjestu kojim se upravlja cijelom transformatorskom stanicom. In this thesis, creation and of control and protection system of the transformer station is described. Furthermore, communication protocols used by the station’s devices are described. A brief overview of the project was made. Creation of the input/output list for control and protection of the station was explained. Procedure of hardware and software configuration of the remote terminal unit is explained and its communication with protection devices and station computer which supports human-machine interface. At the end, the functionality of each display of human-machine interface which controls entire power supply system of the data center is described.

[ES] El presente proyecto abarca dos fases. La primera fase será la ampliación del centro de transformación, se sustituirá el transformador actual por uno de mayor capacidad para poder abastecer a todas las viviendas. La segunda fase será la instalación de la nueva línea subterránea de baja tensión y de las cajas generales de protección que correspondan en cada punto, se realizarán cálculos para seleccionar la sección del cableado y la cantidad de líneas necesarias que saldrán desde el centro de transformación, para garantizar que la caída de tensión sea óptima. Las herramientas a utilizar serán AutoCAD para realizar los planos, Excel para los cálculos de las secciones y caídas de tensión de las líneas. Se utilizará la herramienta PRESTO para el diseño y cálculo del presupuesto., [EN] This project comprises two phases. The first phase will be the expansion of the transformer station. The first phase will be the expansion of the transformer station, replacing the current transformer with one of greater capacity to be able to supply all of the to be able to supply all the houses. The second phase will be the installation of the new subway low-voltage line and the general the new low-voltage underground line and the corresponding general protection boxes at each point. calculations will be made to select the section of the wiring and the number of lines required from the transformer station to from the transformer station to ensure that the voltage drop is optimal. The tools to be used will be AutoCAD for the drawings, Excel for the calculations of the cross-sections and voltage drops. of the sections and voltage drops of the lines. The PRESTO tool will be used for the design and budget calculation.

Relejna zaštita predstavlja sustav sastavljen od strujnih i naponskih transformatora, sekundarnih krugova ožičenja između sekundara strujnih i naponskih transformatora i zaštitnih uređaja, uređaja relejne zaštite te prekidača koji prekidaju strujni krug u kvaru koji se događa prema naputku releja. Zadaća relejne zaštite je štićenje svih elemenata u elektroenergetskom sustavu od nastupa svih vrsta kvarova. Kroz ovaj rad predstavljena je zamjena uređaja relejne zaštite trafostanice 110 kV, a predstavljeni su i proračuni podešenja relejne zaštite od diferencijalne zaštite sve do zaštite od zatajivanja rada prekidača., Relay protection is a system composed of current and voltage transformers, secondary wiring circuits between the secondary circuits of current and voltage transformers and protective devices, relay protection devices and switches that break the circuit in the event of a fault that occurs according to the relay's instructions. The task of relay protection is to protect all elements in the power system from the occurrence of all types of faults. Through this work , the replacement of the relay protection device of the 110 kV substation is presented, and the calculations of relay protection settings from differential protection to protection against circuit breaker failure are also presented.

Za potrebe završnog rada izrađen je elektrotehnički projekt tipske transformatorske stanice 10(20)/0,4. Prilikom izrade projekta slijedila su se sva pravila i propisi koje je nužno zadovoljiti u projektiranju postrojenja takvog tipa. Izrađeni su proračuni kratkog spoja, uzemljenja i zaštite za dimenzioniranje opreme koja će se naknadno ugraditi. Projekt tipske transformatorske stanice izrađen je na zahtjev investitora zbog nedovoljne snage koja mu je potrebna za napajanje novih potrošača., For the purposes of this work an electrotechnical project of a type transformer station 10(20)/0.4 was created. When creating the project, all the rules and regulations that are required for the design of a plant of this type were followed. Calculations of short circuit, grounding and protection were made for dimensioning the equipment that will be installed later. The project of the typical transformer station was made at the request of the investor due to the insufficient power it needs to power new consumers.

U radu je obuhvaćena generalna teorija distribucijske mreže elektroenergetskog sustava, objašnjene su njezine karakteristike te njezin položaj u samom sustavu. Također, ukratko su obrađeni osnovni elementi distribucijske mreže te je analizirana njezina konfiguracija i struktura srednjeg i niskog napona. U konačnici, većim dijelom ovog rada opisane su karakteristike distribucijskih transformatorskih stanica, od njihove podjele pa do samog projektiranja (postavljane tehničkih zahtjeva, vrste izvedbi i sl.) te pripadajućih preglednih nacrta. Velika pažnja posvećena je naprednim elementima koji se ugrađuju u distribucijske mreže i spomenute transformatorske stanice u svrhu unaprjeđenja elektroenergetskog sustava i razvoja sustava pametnih mreža., The project includes a general theory of the distribution network of the power system, its characteristics and its position in the system itself are explained. Also, the basic elements of the distribution network were briefly processed and its configuration of medium and low voltage structures were analyzed. Finally, and for the most part of this project, the characteristics of distribution transformer stations are described, from their division to the design itself (setting technical requirements, types of performance, etc.) and the corresponding overvies drawings. Great attention is paid to advanced elements that are installed in distribution networks and the aforementioned transformer stations for the purpose of improving the power system and developing smart grid systems.

[ES] El principal objetivo de presente proyecto tiene como objeto la creación de dos proyectos que permitan la implementación de 8 plazas destinadas al uso exclusivo para la recarga del vehículo eléctrico. Con la salida del nuevo RD 29/2021, se implanta la obligatoriedad de instalar puntos de recarga de vehículos eléctricos en estaciones de servicio a partir del año 2023. Con esto se busca conseguir el poder llevar a cabo un proyecto desde 0 para aprender un poco sobre la dinámica dentro del ámbito del vehículo eléctrico. Como bien sabemos, actualmente el mundo del vehículo eléctrico va creciendo cada vez más y más, por ello cada día se están implementando punto de recarga e incluso estaciones de carga rápida para este uso. El transporte eléctrico es una de las tecnologías que más va a evolucionar en los próximos años. Tanto el vehículo eléctrico (objeto de este proyecto), como las nuevas tecnologías aplicadas como el hidrógeno y demás que surgirán., [EN] The main objective of this project is the creation of two projects that allow the implementation of 8 places for the exclusive use of electric vehicle recharging. With the new RD 29/2021, it is mandatory to install electric vehicle charging points in service stations from 2023. With this, the aim is to be able to carry out a project from 0 to learn a little about the dynamics within the field of electric vehicles. As we know, nowadays the world of electric vehicles is growing more and more, so every day recharging points and even fast charging stations are being implemented for this use. Electric transport is one of the technologies that will evolve the most in the coming years. Both the electric vehicle (the subject of this project), as well as new applied technologies such as hydrogen and others that will emerge.

Diplomsko delo zajema načrtovanje nove transformatorske postaje Zgornje Bitnje pri cerkvi in priključnega srednjenapetostnega kablovoda, ki se bo vključil v obstoječe distribucijsko omrežje. Predstavljene so osnovne komponente, ki jih vsebuje transformatorska postaja ter izračuni za izbiro ustreznih komponent. Prikazano je obstoječe stanje na lokaciji in predvideno novo stanje. The Diploma thesis includes the planning of new transformer stations Zgornje Bitnje pri cerkvi and a medium voltage cable line that will be connected to the existing distribution network. The basic components containing the transformer station and calculations for the selected corresponding component are presented. The existing situation at the location is shown and the new situation is anticipated.

Ovaj završni rad tehnički opisuje strukturu i elemente niskonaponske mreže, te tehničke zahtjeve i kriterije za izbor i dimenzioniranje elemenata niskonaponske mreže. Opisan je postupak izrade izvedbenog tehničkog rješenja realne niskonaponske mreže. Detaljnije je pojašnjeno projektiranje niskonaponske mreže prema odabranom stvarnom primjeru rekonstrukcije TS 10(20)/0,4 kV JARDASI 2-N s priključnim kabelom 10(20)/0,4 kV i niskonaponskim raspletom. Izvršeni su proračuni pomoću programskog paketa ''WINdis'' te obuhvaćaju podatke o potrošačima, o gubicima snage, te padu napona i provjeri odabranog osigurača., This work contains technical description of the structure and elements of a low voltage network, as well as technical requirements and criteria for the selection and dimensioning of the elements of the low voltage network. The procedure of making a detailed technical solution of a real low voltage network is described. The design of the low voltage network according to the selected real example of reconstruction of TS 10 (20) /0.4 kV JARDASI 2-N with connecting cable 10 (20) /0.4 kV and low voltage distribution system is explained in more detail. Calculations were performed using the "WINdis" software package and include data regarding consumers, power losses, and voltage drops and review of the selected fuse.

El present projecte és una solució per electrificar una nova urbanització de naus comercials a Vilafranca del Penedès, amb tota la infraestructura elèctrica necessària per proporcionar subministrament elèctric a totes les noves finques. Per aquesta raó, es necessitarà la construcció de noves línies subterrànies de Mitja Tensió amb tensió de servei de 25 kV, les quals interconnectaran les instal·lacions existents amb les noves. S’instal·laran 4 Centres de Transformació prefabricats per transformar la tensió de 25 kV a 0,42 kV, repartits equitativament per la nova zona, amb el propòsit de poder distribuir en Baixa Tensió de la manera més eficaç possible. Les xarxes de Baixa Tensió tindran l’inici als quadres de Baixa Tensió dels Centres de Transformació i transcorreran fins a les Caixes de Distribució Urbana que hi haurà a les finques a electrificar. Es projectarà el dimensionament, disseny, els càlculs necessaris per a les noves xarxes, les noves instal·lacions, les seves proteccions i el telecontrol. Les instal·lacions sempre s’ubicaran a la via pública complint amb les normatives vigents, com ara són les més rellevants, els Reglaments Electrotècnics de Mitja i Baixa Tensió i les Normes Tècniques Particulars de l’empresa distribuïdora d’energia elèctrica, en aquest cas a Catalunya és E-distribución (l’antiga ENDESA). El presente proyecto es una solución para electrificar una nueva urbanización de naves comerciales en Vilafranca del Penedès, con toda la infraestructura eléctrica necesaria para proporcionar suministro eléctrico a todas las nuevas fincas. Por esta razón, se necesitará la construcción de nuevas líneas subterráneas de Media Tensión con tensión de servicio de 25 kV, las cuales interconectarán las instalaciones existentes con las nuevas. Se instalarán 4 Centros de Transformación prefabricados para transformar la tensión de 25 kV a 0,42 kV, repartidos equitativamente por la nueva zona, con el propósito de poder distribuir en Baja Tensión de la manera más eficaz posible. Las redes de Baja Tensión tendrán el inicio en los cuadros de Baja Tensión de los Centros de Transformación y transcurrirán hasta las Cajas de Distribución Urbana que habrá en las fincas a electrificar. Se proyectará el dimensionado, diseño, los cálculos necesarios por las nuevas redes, las nuevas instalaciones, sus protecciones y el telecontrol. Las instalaciones siempre se ubicarán en la vía pública cumpliendo con las normativas vigentes, como por ejemplo las más relevantes son, los Reglamentos Electrotécnicos de Media y Baja Tensión y las Normas Técnicas Particulares de la empresa distribuidora de energía eléctrica, en este caso en Cataluña es E-distribución (la antigua ENDESA). The present project is a solution to electrify a new land commercial development in Vilafranca del Penedès, with all the necessary electrical infrastructure to provide power supply to all the new properties. For this reason, it will be necessary the construction of new subway Medium Voltage networks with 25 kV service voltage, which will interconnect the existing installations with the new ones. Four prefabricated Transformer Substations will be installed to transform the 25 kV voltage to 0.42 kV, evenly distributed throughout the new area, to be able to carry out the Low Voltage distribution in the most efficient way possible. The Low Voltage networks will start at the low-voltage switchboard of the Transformer Substations and will run to the Urban Distribution Boxes that will be in the properties to be electrified. The dimensioning, design, the necessary calculations for the new networks, the new installations, their protections, and remote control will be projected. The installations will always be located on the public road in compliance with the current regulations, such as the most relevant ones, the Medium and Low Voltage Electrotechnical Regulations and the Particular Technical Standards of the electricity distribution company, in this case in Catalonia is E-distribución (the former ENDESA).

U radu je obrađen projekt sunčane elektrane Kosore – Jug, kojoj je namjena proizvodnja električne energije direktnom pretvorbom energije sunčevog zračenja i evakuacija iste u elektroenergetsku (distribucijsku) mrežu. Za evakuaciju energije u mrežu koristit će se transformatorska stanica 0,6/10(20) kV i susretno postrojenje te novoizgrađeni priključni kabelski vodovi. Rad elektrane doprinosi kvalitetnom funkcioniranju elektroenergetskog sustava u cjelini. The paper deals with the project of the solar power plant Kosora - South, which is intended for the production of electricity by direct conversion of solar radiation energy and its evacuation into the electricity (distribution) network. A 0.6 / 10 (20) kV transformer station and a counter-plant, as well as newly built connecting cable lines, will be used to evacuate energy to the grid. The operation of the power plant contributes to the quality functioning of the power system as a whole.

[ES] Se requiere diseñar un huerto fotovoltaico para abastecer de energía eléctrica a la población de Aras de los Olmos. El proyecto real consiste en un complejo energético formado por tres plantas distintas basadas en energías renovables (fotovoltaica, eólica y biomasa). En esta memoria técnica se plantea la integración de estas tres plantas a la red eléctrica estatal como primer paso para alcanzar la autosuficiencia de la población. La información disponible consiste en la potencia necesaria y la localización del terreno disponible para la instalación. La potencia necesaria la ha proporcionado el estudio previo realizado por el equipo del proyecto encabezado por Carlos Roldán Porta. Con la implantación del proyecto se pretende obtener 750 kW nominales de potencia instalada, sin embargo, se instalarán la mayor cantidad de módulos fotovoltaicos posibles teniendo en cuenta el espacio disponible. La localización en cambio, viene dada por los técnicos de Sersuma SLU, empresa perteneciente al Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Aras de los Olmos y propietaria de la red a la cual se conectarán las instalaciones a diseñar. La planificación del proyecto inicia con el movimiento de tierras necesario en la nombrada localización para la instalación del huerto. Se deberán seleccionar todos los equipos necesarios de cuyas especificaciones se obtendrá el dimensionamiento de la planta fotovoltaica. A continuación, se diseñará el centro de transformación que trasegará la energía proveniente de las tres plantas nombradas y elevará la tensión para permitir la conexión mediante línea aérea a la actual red de Aras de Olmos. Finalmente se estudiará el coste del proyecto y se analizará la viabilidad de la inversión. Así, el trabajo se estructura en las siguientes fases: • Cálculo del movimiento de tierras cumpliendo las restricciones para albergar seguidores solares a un eje. • Dimensionamiento del huerto fotovoltaico. • Diseño y comprobación de seguridad del centro de transformación. • Dimensionamiento de la línea eléctrica. • Descripción de las protecciones y diseño de las puestas a tierra de cada una las instalaciones implementadas en el proyecto., [EN] A photovoltaic farm needs to be designed to supply electricity to the town of Aras de los Olmos. The actual project consists of an energy complex made up of three different plants based on renewable energies (photovoltaic, wind and biomass). In this technical report, the integration of these three plants to the state electricity grid is proposed as a first step to achieve self-sufficiency for the population. The information available consists of the power required and the location of the land available for the installation. The necessary power has been provided by the previous study carried out by the project team headed by Carlos Roldán Porta. With the implementation of the project it is intended to obtain 750 kW nominal installed power, however, as many photovoltaic modules as possible will be installed taking into account the available space. The location, on the other hand, is determined by the technicians of Sersuma SLU, a company belonging to the Aras de los Olmos Town Council and owner of the network to which the installations to be designed will be connected. The planning of the project begins with the necessary earthworks in the aforementioned location for the installation of the photovoltaic plant. All the necessary equipment must be selected, the specifications of which will be used to dimension the photovoltaic plant. Next, the transformation centre will be designed to transfer the energy coming from the three plants mentioned above and to raise the voltage to allow the connection by means of an electric line to the current Aras de Olmos network. Finally, the cost of the project will be studied and the viability of the investment will be analysed. Thus, the work is structured in the following phases: • Calculation of the earthworks, complying with the restrictions to house single-axis solar trackers. • Dimensioning of the photovoltaic farm. • Design and safety check of the transformation centre. • Dimensioning of the electric line. • Description of the protections and design of the grounding of each of the installations implemented in the project.

The transport sector accounts for a third of Sweden’s total greenhouse gas emissions where cars and heavy trucks dominate the use of fossil fuels. The Swedish government is now intensifying the work for an electrified transport sector where electric roads could be an important part. Electric roads enable heavy vehicles to charge their batteries while driving, which is expected to contribute to environmentally friendly and time-efficient freight transports. To implement electric roads, availability of electric power along the electric roads will be required. This study presents a plan for connecting an electric road to the electricity grid in the electricity network area of Vattenfall Eldistribution. From the results, the idea was to present general conclusions from the experiences of the study, that could contribute in further implementation of electric roads. The road that has been selected for the study was the E4 between Gävle and Stockholm. A model for calculating the power demand along the electric road has been modeled and connection possibilities to transformer stations has been investigated. The analysis was based on three scenarios where different degrees of strengthening of the existing electricity network were assumed. In addition, a forecast for 2030 and a cost estimation for each scenario has been carried out. The result of the study indicates that for road sections close to larger cities, there are a larger number of connection options in comparison to rural areas. Furthermore, the designed solution in the study required strengthening of the electricity grid and the investment cost was 362 million Swedish crowns.

[ES] La SET se alimenta eléctricamente a través de una subestación 66/10 kV construida en 1972. En el año 2009 se produce una reforma de la subestación instalando un nuevo transformador (T4) que alimenta la nueva infraestructura construida del TLP, en esa misma infraestructura se dota a las posiciones de transformador T1 y T2 de ambos interruptores seccionadores que pudieran dar un corte en carga efectivo de la posición ya que anteriormente solo se disponía de 2 seccionadores. A excepción de la posición T4, todo el sistema de 66 kV como el de 10 kV se han vuelto obsoletos y con amplias posibilidades de fallo que conllevaría faltas de suministro en la instalación. Se redacta el presente proyecto con el objeto de describir los criterios de diseño adoptados y las características técnicas esenciales del conjunto de equipos e instalaciones que componen la Subestación Transformadora tipo 66/10 kV en simple barra partida para actualizar la subestación, [EN] The SET is electrically powered through a 66/10 kV substation built in 1972. In 2009 there is a reform of the substation installing a new transformer (T4) that feeds the new infrastructure built of the TLP, in that same infrastructure the positions of transformer T1 and T2 are equipped with both disconnector switches that could give a cut in effective load of the position since previously only 2 disconnectors were available. With the exception of the T4 position, the entire 66 kV system and the 10 kV system have become obsolete and with wide possibilities of failure that would lead to lack of supply in the installation. This project is drafted with teh aim of describing the design criteria adopted and the essential technical characteristics of the set of equipment and facilities that make up the Transformer Substation type 66/10 kV in simple split bar to update the substation

Cilj diplomske naloge je bil izdelati projekt, v katerem je predvidena zamenjava celotne opreme v transformatorski postaji. Predstavljeni so problemi, s katerimi se projektant sreča med izdelavo projekta, kaj vse je treba upoštevati pri projektiranju, ter razlogi za menjavo transformatorja in opreme v transformatorski postaji. Transformatorska postaja je sestavljena iz treh glavnih komponent: iz nizkonapetostne razdelilne stikalne omare, srednjenapetostne razdelilne stikalne omare ter transformatorja. Ker je za učinkovito in zanesljivo distribucijo električne energije do porabnikov potrebna zanesljiva oprema v transformatorskih postajah, jo je treba v določenih časovnih okvirih zamenjati z novo. Življenjska doba distribucijskih transformatorjev je približno 40 let. Stikalne omare se običajno zamenjajo, ko te več ne zagotavljajo varnih in zanesljivih stikalnih manipulacij. V tej diplomski nalogi je predvidena zamenjava starega transformatorja z novim distribucijskim transformatorjem tipa 7HTlM, moči 400 kVA, proizvajalca Kolektor Etra. Za vgradnjo novega srednjenapetostnega stikalnega bloka je predviden Siemensov tipa 8DJH, polnjen s plinom SF6. Nizkonapetostni stikalni blok pa bo izdelalo podjetje IMP TEN in bo narejen po naročilu, v skladu z izračuni ter potrebami transformatorske postaje. V diplomski nalogi je opisan postopek menjave opreme v transformatorski postaji. Predstavljena je vsa oprema, predvidena za vgradnjo. Na podlagi izračunov, predstavljenih v zaključnem delu, so bile izbrane vse potrebne komponente, ki se bodo vgradile v transformatorsko postajo. The main goal of the diploma thesis was to create a project in which, the replacement of all equipment in the transformer station is planned. In the diploma are presented all the problems that a designer may encounter during the production of the project. It also presents what needs to be taken into account when designing and the reasons for replacing the transformer. The transformer station consists of three main components: a low-voltage distribution switch cabinet, a medium-voltage distribution cabinet and a transformer. Since we need reliable equipment in transformer stations for efficient and reliable distribution of electricity to customers, the equipment must be replaced with new equipment within certain time frames. The service life of a distribution transformer is about 40 years. Switch cabinets are usually replaced when they no longer provide safe and reliable switch manipulations. This diploma thesis plans the replacement of the old transformer with a new Kolektor Etra distribution transformer type 7HTIM with a power range of 400 kVA. For the installation of new medium-voltage switchgear, a Siemens switchgear type 8DJH filled with SF6 gas is planned. The low-voltage switchgear will be manufactured by IMP-TEN Company and will be made to order in according to the calculations and needs of the transformer station.

Diplomska naloga opisuje načrtovanje nove transformatortorske postaje za ventilacijsko postajo NOP II v podjetju Premogovnika Velenje d.d. Opisana je obstoječa postaj in izvedeni so izračuni kratkih stikov, dimenzioniranje aparatov in naprav ter izbira ustrezne opreme za novo transformatorsko postajo. Prikazana je lokacija nove transformatorske postaje ter opis predvidene opreme. The diploma thesis describes planning of a new transformer station for ventilation station NOP II in Premogovnik Velenje d.d. (Velenje Coal Mine). Current station is described, short circuit calculations, appliances’ and devices’ designs and the choice of suitable equipment for a new transformer station are made. The location of a new transformer station is also shown and the description of expected equipment.

V diplomskem delu je narejen načrt za transformatorsko postajo TP Kovis Livarna, ki je bila potrebna zaradi dograditve novega proizvodnega obrata. Za le to so narejeni izračuni kratkostičnih razmer na srednjenapetostnem in nizkonapetostnem nivoju in na podlagi tega tudi dimenzionirana vsa oprema tako na srednjenapetostnem kot na nizkonapetostnem nivoju. Skladno z določeno opremo in potrebnim prostorom za postavitev le te so definirane tudi vse gradbene zahteve za objekt nove transformatorske postaje, gledano iz stališča zanesljivega obratovanje elektro opreme. In this part, will be made a design for the transformer station TP Kovis Livarna, which is needed to complete the new production facility. For this purpose, short-circuit conditions will be calculated at medium voltage and low voltage levels and all equipment will be dimensioned on this basis. In accordance with certain equipment and the necessary space for installation, these will also define all construction requirements for the facility of a new transformer station, from the point of view of reliable operation of electrical equipment.

Elektro Primorska d.d. je zavezana k temu, da ima vsak odjemalec nemoteno ter kvalitetno dobavo električne energije. Nizkonapetostno omrežje Tratnik je dotrajano in zastarelo, ter še dodatno poškodovano zaradi posledic žledoloma, zato ne zagotavlja nemotene in kvalitetne dobave elektične energije. V času praktičnega izobraževanja sem v podjetju Elektro Primorska – distribucijska enota Tolmin, dobil nalogo za izdelavo elaborata za rekonstrukcijo nizkonapetostnega omrežja Tratnik. V nalogi je analizirano obstoječe stanje in predvidena rekonstrukcija nizkonapetostnega omrežja. V okviru analize so podani kontrolni izračuni za transformatorsko postajo, s poudarkom na izračunu kratkostičnih tokov na srednjenapetostni in nizkonapetostni strani transformatorja. Elektro Primorska, d.d., is committed to ensuring that every customer has an uninterrupted and quality supply of electricity. Low-voltage network Tratnik is deteriorated and outdated, and additionally damaged due to the consequences of sleet. Therefore it does not ensure an uninterrupted and quality supply of electricity. During the period of practical training, the company Elektro Primorska - distribution division Tolmin assigned me a task to elaborate the reconstruction of the low-voltage network Tratnik. The paper analyses the existing situation and the planned reconstruction of the low-voltage network. As part of the analysis, control calculations for the transformer station are given, with an emphasis on the calculation of short-circuit currents on the medium and low voltage side of the transformer.

V diplomski nalogi je predstavljena zamenjava transformatorske postaje v naselju Artiče. Zaradi povečane potrebe po energiji v naselju in dotrajanosti obstoječe transformatorske postaje, se postavi nova, močnejša transformatorska postaja. Prikazano je načrtovanje nove transformatorske postaje TP Artiče zadružni dom (nadomestna), z novim napajalnim srednjenapetostnim kablovodom. Izdelal sem enočrtno shemo TP Artiče zadružni dom (nadomestna), po kateri sem opravil vse potrebne izračune in rezultate za njeno brezhibno delovanje. This thesis explains and presents the replacement of the transformer station in the village of Artiče. Due to the increased demand for energy and the obsolete state of the current transformer station, a new and more powerful station is put in place. The thesis also shows the design and planning of the new transformer station TP Artiče zadružni dom (nadomestna) with the installation of a medium-voltage cable line. I prepared a scheme of the transformer station, according to which all necessary calculations were prepared in order to ensure its flawless operation.

[ES] In this project, the automation of a circuit for dextrose centrifugation is to be carried out to reduce its relative humidity by means of a turbine with a capacity to produce 25 tons/day of product. The centrifugal circuit also includes the bucket for the turbine latch with hot and freezing water, as well as the tubes that leave the water from the centrifuge of the turbine. Having a hot water bucket also includes a water heating circuit with an interchange. The previous study will be carried out to know the necessary hardware that will be used and the development of the necessary programs for the autonomous operation of the circuit. Firstly, an analysis will be made of both the circuit and the dextrose turbine to know the elements necessary for the installation, such as wiring and the communication and input / output modules and using PLC S7-417. Subsequently, the hardware installed in the development software will be configured and the necessary programs will be developed to automate the circuit, taking into account the production demands of the factory and above all guaranteeing all the necessary security conditions. Finally, a HMI (Human Machine Interface) system will also be carried out for supervision and control through a SCADA with which the operator both from its control station with a computer and a field stand with a touch screen SIEMENS TOUCH KPT1200 PANEL can control the process and allow you to monitor in real time the state of the circuit., [CA] In this project, the automation of a circuit for dextrose centrifugation is to be carried out to reduce its relative humidity by means of a turbine with a capacity to produce 25 tons/day of product. The centrifugal circuit also includes the bucket for the turbine latch with hot and freezing water, as well as the tubes that leave the water from the centrifuge of the turbine. Having a hot water bucket also includes a water heating circuit with an interchange. The previous study will be carried out to know the necessary hardware that will be used and the development of the necessary programs for the autonomous operation of the circuit. Firstly, an analysis will be made of both the circuit and the dextrose turbine to know the elements necessary for the installation, such as wiring and the communication and input / output modules and using PLC S7-417. Subsequently, the hardware installed in the development software will be configured and the necessary programs will be developed to automate the circuit, taking into account the production demands of the factory and above all guaranteeing all the necessary security conditions. Finally, a HMI (Human Machine Interface) system will also be carried out for supervision and control through a SCADA with which the operator both from its control station with a computer and a field stand with a touch screen SIEMENS TOUCH KPT1200 PANEL can control the process and allow you to monitor in real time the state of the circuit., [EN] In this project, the automation of a circuit for dextrose centrifugation is to be carried out to reduce its relative humidity by means of a turbine with a capacity to produce 25 tons/day of product. The centrifugal circuit also includes the bucket for the turbine latch with hot and freezing water, as well as the tubes that leave the water from the centrifuge of the turbine. Having a hot water bucket also includes a water heating circuit with an interchange. The previous study will be carried out to know the necessary hardware that will be used and the development of the necessary programs for the autonomous operation of the circuit. Firstly, an analysis will be made of both the circuit and the dextrose turbine to know the elements necessary for the installation, such as wiring and the communication and input / output modules and using PLC S7-417. Subsequently, the hardware installed in the development software will be configured and the necessary programs will be developed to automate the circuit, taking into account the production demands of the factory and above all guaranteeing all the necessary security conditions. Finally, a HMI (Human Machine Interface) system will also be carried out for supervision and control through a SCADA with which the operator both from its control station with a computer and a field stand with a touch screen SIEMENS TOUCH KPT1200 PANEL can control the process and allow you to monitor in real time the state of the circuit.

İş sağlığı ve güvenliği, oluşturduğu maddi hasarlar bir yana insan sağlığını doğrudan ilgilendirdiği için üzerinde yoğun ve bilinçli bir şekilde durulması gereken bir konudur. Özellikle Avrupa Birliği uyum süreci içerisinde Türkiye'de yeterli düzeyde olmayan bu uygulamaların sayısı ve yasal düzenlemeleri hızla artmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında iş sağlığı ve güvenliğine verilen önemin en üst düzeyde olması gereken alanların başında gelen trafo merkezleri ele alınmış ve Antalya Kemer Bölgesi'nde yer alan Göynük Dağıtım Merkezi özelinde çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın ilk bölümünde iş sağlığı ve güvenliği kavramı üzerinde durulmuş, yasal düzenlemelerden ve Türkiye'deki gelişiminden bahsedilerek, kişisel koruyucu donanımlara yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde bu kez trafolar üzerinde durulmuş, teknik özellerine ve koruma sistemlerine yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın üçüncü ve son bölümünde ise Göynük Trafo Merkezi özelinde çalışmalar gerçekleştirilerek elde edilen bulgulara, önerilere ve sonuçlara yer verilerek çalışma tamamlanmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: İnsan, Çevre, İş sağlığı, Güvenlik, Trafo Occupational health and safety, aside from the material damage it creates, is a matter that needs to be focused and consciously focused on since it directly concerns human health. Especially in the number of European Union harmonization process and regulation of these practices are not adequate in Turkey is increasing rapidly. Within the scope of the study, the transformer centers that are at the forefront of the most important areas of work health and safety have been discussed and work has been carried out in Göynük transformer center located in Antalya Kemer Region.In line with this concept have focused on the first part of the occupational health and safety at work, mentioning the development of legal regulations in Turkey and is given to personal protective equipment. In the second part of the work, this time focused on the traffics, technical skills and protection systems. In the third and last part of the study, the work was completed by taking the findings obtained by Göynük transformer center and the results and suggestions obtained.Keywords: Human, Environment, Business Health, Safety, Transformer 92

U ovom radu dan je osnovni koncept prikupljanja podataka iz transformatorske stanice pomoću multimetra i programske podrške LabVIEW-a. Na početku je dan uvod u transformatore koji se koriste za transformaciju struja i napona kako bi ih se skaliralo na mjerljive vrijednosti. Slijedi opis značajki multimetra SIEMENS Sentron PAC3200 i programske podrške LabVIEW-a. U sklopu poglavlja o LabVIEW-u se posebno napominje grafički pristup programiranju kao glavna značajka LabVIEW-a. U posljednjem poglavlju razrade se objedinjuje teorija prethodnih poglavlja te se daje konkretan primjer prikupljanja mjernih podataka s transformatorske stanice koja se nalazi na Fakultetu elektrotehnike i računarstva u Zagrebu. This graduation work presents basic concept of gathering data from transformer station using multimeter and LabVIEW software. In the beginning, what's given is introduction to transformers, which are used for transforming current and voltage to measurable values. Following chapter about transformers, this work describes basic features of SIEMENS Sentron PAC3200 multimeter and LabVIEW software. The LabVIEW chapter emphasizes graphical programming approach, which is LabVIEW's main feature. In the last chapter of this work, theory of past chapters is summed up, and concrete example of gathering measurement data from transformer station, which is located in Faculty of electical engineering and computing in Zagreb, is given.

V magistrski nalogi je predstavljen urejen sistematičen postopek načrtovanja industrijskega odjema električne energije. Obravnavani primer temelji na projektiranju industrijske transformatorske postaje, izvedene v slovenskem električnem omrežju. Prikaz postopka projektiranja tovrstnih projektov je namenjen izpostaviti problemov in iskanju učinkovitih rešitev tudi v podobnih projektih na področju električnih razdelilnih sistemov. Uvodna poglavja predstavijo problem ter splošni pogled na temo, ki bralcu na poljuden način predstavi obravnavano vsebino. Delo projektanta je tesno povezano z izdelovanjem projektne dokumentacije, zato je v prvih poglavjih opisan način izdelave projektov. Načrtovanje električnih postrojev temelji na dovršenih tehničnih rešitvah, vendar morajo biti te rešitve izbrane v skladu z veljavno tehnično zakonodajo. Zato je v nadaljevanju predstavljen obseg uporabe tehnične zakonodaje in standardov. Na področju industrijskega odjema električne energije se je v zadnjih desetih letih zgodil pomemben tehnični napredek, ki je opisan s skupino mednarodnih standardov IEC 61439, zato je ta standard nekoliko bolj obsežno predstavljen. Sledi praktični prikaz načrtovanja postroja električne opreme. Pristopi k izdelovanju projekta in načini načrtovanja opreme so predstavljeni v smiselnem zaporedju, ki vse od idejne zasnove omogočajo sistematično izdelavo načrtov za izvedbo del. Načrtovanje takšnih električnih sistemov v današnjih časih poteka pretežno v računalniškem okolju, zato je postopek izdelave predstavljen skozi način uporabe teh orodij. Bistvena področja dimenzioniranja, ki temeljijo na standardizacijskih postopkih, so predstavljena tudi v podrobni analitični obliki. Tehnične rešitve, problemi in dileme pri iskanju le teh so opisane v poglavju izdelave enopolne in tripolne sheme. This master thesis represent an effective way of planning electrical power distribution systems. The present case is based on a real project implemented in Slovenian power grid. The main aim of designing process of such projects is to highlight the problems and to find effective solutions in similar electrical distribution systems. The first chapters present the problem and the general overview of this master thesis. The work of the project engineer is fully associated with the preparation of project documentation which is represented in the first chapter. Design of electrical installations is based on sophisticated technical solutions which must be chosen in accordance to the applicable technical regulations. Therefore, it is presented below the scope of technical legislation and national standards. For the last ten years there has been a significant technical progress in the field of industrial power distribution systems. Low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies were completely renewed in a group of international standards IEC 61439 and that is why this standards are described more in detail. The second part of this thesis is continued by a practical demonstration of designing industrial transformer station. Approaches for choosing project planning methods and equipment are presented in a logical sequence, from concept ideas to the finally defined execution of works. Planning of such electrical distribution systems, nowadays, takes place mainly in the computer environment, so the designing process is presented through use of these tools. Essential fields for dimensioning electrical systems are based on standardization procedures and are also presented in the form of a detailed analysis. Technical solutions, problems and dilemmas are described in the section of manufacturing single-pole and three-pole electrical schemes.

V diplomskem delu je prikazano načrtovanje nove transformatorske postaje TP Orehovec z novim srednjenapetostnim napajalnim daljnovodom ali kablovodom. Transformatorska postaja na območju Orehovca je nujna, saj je oskrba z električno energijo tam slaba, ker se to območje trenutno napaja iz TP Vitna vas preko dotrajanega nizkonapetostnega nadzemnega voda. V uvodnih poglavjih je predstavljeno staro obstoječe stanje, v nadaljevanju pa predlogi novih omrežij in opreme. V jedru diplomskega dela so predstavljeni izračuni in rezultati, na podlagi katerih je izbrana oprema, katera je finančno ovrednotena. Diplomsko delo je zaključeno s sklepnim poglavjem, kjer so posebej opisani rezultati. The thesis shows the designing of a new transformer station TP Orehovec with a new medium-voltage power transmission line or cable conduit. The transformer station in the area of Orehovec is necessary because there is very poor power supply due to the fact that currently this area is powered by Vitna vas transformer station through dated low-voltage aerial line. Introductory chapters demonstrate the existing status, and are followed by proposals of new networks and equipment. The core of the thesis, demonstrates the calculations and results, based on which the equipment was selected and financially evaluated. The thesis is concluded with a final chapter containing the demonstration of results.

Diplomsko delo v prvem delu obsega splošen opis transformatorskih postaj, transformatorskih postaj znotraj industrijskega kompleksa Steklarne Rogaška, opis posebnega talilnega transformatorja Varivolt ter problematiko transformatorske postaje TP Brusilnica. V nadaljevanju so podani vsi potrebni izračuni, nujni za določitev ustrezne opreme ob rekonstrukciji transformatorske postaje TP Brusilnica, ki predstavlja jedro diplomskega dela. Predstavljena je primerjava izračunov, narejenih klasično z izračuni, izvedenimi s pomočjo programskih orodij Ecodial in xSpider. Na kratko sta predstavljena tudi oba programa. V sklepnem delu so na osnovi najbolj neugodnega scenarija predstavljene variante tehniških rešitev, posebej pa so opisane tri ustrezne rešitve treh različnih dobaviteljev opreme, in sicer Siemens, Schneider Electric in EATON. V zaključku je med temi tremi ustreznimi različicami podan predlog rešitve, ki je za uporabnika v konkretnem primeru najbolj sprejemljiv s tehniškega vidika in predstavlja minimalne stroške vzdrževanja v času življenjske dobe ter ne predstavlja okoljskega problema med obratovanjem in po izteku življenjskega cikla opreme. The first part of Thesis indicates a general description of transformer stations, transformer stations within the industrial plant Rogaska Glassworks, a description of the specific melting transformer Varivolt and the problem of transformer substation TP Brusilnica. Below are given all the necessary calculations which are needed to determine an appropriate equipment for reconstruction. It compares calculations made by classical method with those made by software tools Ecodial and xSpider. Both of mentioned calculation programs are presented in short. The final part is based on the most adverse scenario with technical solutions. Particularly describes three relevant solutions and three different equipment suppliers: Siemens, Schneider Electric and EATON. Among stated relevant versions of suggested solutions for the user in our case, the most acceptable was chosen, upon technical point of view with minimal maintenance costs during the life span and with minimal environmental problems during operation and after the expiry of the life cycle.

Tema diplomske naloge je bila priprava predloga za vpeljavo funkcij za analizo podatkov v programu MiSmart. Program MiSmart je namenjen zbiranju podatkov iz raznih merilnikov proizvajalca Iskra d.d., ki so nameščeni na merilnih mestih uporabnika. V diplomskem delu smo se osredotočili na njegovo uporabo v elektrodistribucijskih podjetjih, ki nameščajo merilnike električnih veličin v srednje/nizkonapetostne (SN/NN) transformatorske postaje (TP) za potrebe permanentnega monitoringa. V programu MiSmart se tako zbirajo meritve, alarmi ter podatki o kvaliteti električnega omrežja iz različnih merilnih mest. Omogočen je prikaz zbranih podatkov v grafični in tabelarični obliki, dodano uporabno vrednost uporabniku pa bi dala statistična obdelava teh podatkov. Funkcije za analizo, kot so histogram, percentil, deviacija parametra, simetrija, konična moč … dajejo uporabniku podrobnejšo sliko o delovanju omrežja ter pomoč pri analizi okvar, planiranju vzdrževanja, načrtovanju omrežja … Poleg tega podobna orodja vsebujejo tudi konkurenčni produkti. Cilj diplomske naloge je bil priprava dokumenta, ki je v pomoč razvojni ekipi podjetja Iskra d.d. in predstavlja osnovo za vpeljavo funkcij za analizo podatkov. Do njega smo prišli s pomočjo analize konkurenčnih produktov, lastnim poznavanjem problematike ter s prepoznavanjem težav in potreb končnih uporabnikov, ki so na koncu tudi potrdili uporabnost. The subject of thesis was preparation of proposal for integration of function for data analysis in MiSmart software. Software is intended for collecting the data from various measuring devices made by Iskra d.d., that are placed on users measuring points. Main focus is the use of software in electrodistribution utility companies, which are installing devices for monitoring electrical quantities in medium to low voltage (MV/LV) transformer stations for the purpose of permanent monitoring. In the software data about measurements, alarms and power quality from different measuring points are collected. Currently it is possible to view the data in tabular or graphical form added value would represent statistical analysis of those data. Functions such as histogram, percentile, parameter deviation, symmetry, peak power … offer the user better view on the operation of the electodistribution network. They serve as a great tool for analysis of faults, maintenance planning, development and planning of the network … Beside that, similar tools are integrated also in competitive software solutions. Main goal of the thesis was preparation of the document, that serves as a guidance for Iskra d.d. R&D team and represents the base for integration of functions for data analysis. During its preparation, we have analysed solutions that already exist on the market, used our knowledge and understanding of the problem and discovered the problems and needs through the discussions with the main users, which at the end also confirmed the usability of the product.

Diplomsko delo je nastalo v sodelovanju s podjetjem Štore STEEL. Za realizacijo projekta se bodo odločili v bližnji prihodnosti, saj želijo v svojem elektroenergetskem sistemu Štore STEEL odstraniti ali opustiti napetostni nivo 5 kV in uporabljati le sistem s 35 kV. Poleg tega bodo z rekonstrukcijo transformatorske postaje pridobili dodatno moč, ki jo bodo potrebovali v primeru širjenja oz. večanja proizvodnih kapacitet. Pri projektu Rekonstrukcija TP Jeklovlek smo imeli nalogo zamenjave enega ali več obstoječih transformatorjev 5/0,4 kV z novim močnejšim transformatorjem 35/0,4 kV moči 2,5 MVA. Pri tem smo morali izvesti vse potrebne izračune za kratke stike, udarne tokove, kratkostične moči, termične in dinamične obremenitve zbiralk itd., ki smo jih potrebovali, da smo lahko pravilno dimenzionirali pripadajočo VN in NN opremo. V programskem okolju AutoCAD smo dokumentirali trenutno stanje, stanje v času rekonstrukcije in novo stanje TP Jeklovlek, enopolno in tripolno NN shemo, VN shemo, za konec pa smo dokumentirali tudi priključitev transformatorja v stranskem risu. Dimenzionirati smo morali tudi oljno jamo in izvesti izračune za zadostno hlajenje transformatorja. The thesis was made in cooperation with Store STEEL. In the near future they will decide for realization of the project because they want to use 35 kV instead of 5 kV system. With reconstruction they will gain extra power to use, which they will need to increase production. In the project Reconstruction of TP Jeklovlek we had the task of replacing one or more of the existing transformers 5/0,4 kV with a new more powerful transformer 35/0,4 kV with power of 2,5 MVA. To do so, we had to make all the necessary calculations for short-circuits, short-circuit power, thermal and dynamic load of busbars, …, that we need for determining the correct high voltage and low voltage equipment. For drawing we used software called AutoCAD, which we used to draw the current state, state at the time of reconstruction and new state of TP Jeklovlek. I also drew poles schemes for low voltage, high voltage and at the end we drew the connections of the transformer in the side view. We also determined the size of oil pit and preformed calculations for sufficent cooling of transformer.

V diplomskem delu je predstavljen potek načrtovanja nove transformatorske postaje Runtole in 20 kV kablovoda, preko katerega se vključi v elektroenergetsko omrežje. Najprej je predstavljena dokumentacija, s katero se srečamo pri načrtovanju projekta. V nadaljevanju sledi opis transformatorske postaje in priključnega kablovoda. Prikazani so tehnični izračuni, ki jih potrebujemo pri dimenzioniranju 20 kV kablovoda, transformatorske postaje in nizkonapetostnih izvodov. This thesis presents the course of designing a new transformer station Runtole and 20 kV cable line, through which it is incorporated into the electricity network. In the introductory chapters is presented documentation, with which we meet in the planning of the project. Followed by a description of the transformer station and its connecting cable line. The main part of the thesis incloudes technical calculations, which are needed for dimensioning 20 kV cable line, transformer station and low voltage copies.

V diplomskem delu sem predstavil postopke dimenzioniranja in načrtovanja ozemljitvenih sistemov v distribucijskem omrežju. Obravnaval sem tako ozemljitve transformatorskih postaj, kot tudi ozemljitve daljnovoda. Rezultate, pridobljene z meritvami na realnih objektih, sem primerjal z rezultati iz teorije. Zanašal sem se na pravilnike in standarde, ki so trenutno normativni v Sloveniji. Predstavljeni so parametri varne ozemljitve, katere je potrebno upoštevati, če želimo, da bo naš ozemljitveni sistem pravilno in varno deloval. In diploma thesis I have presented dimensioning and planing processes of grounding systems in distribution network. I have dealt with transformer station grounding and transmission lines earthing. I compared the results obtained by measurements on real objects and compare them with the results from the theory. I relied on the policies and standards that are currently normative in Slovenia. There are presented parameters of safe grounding, which must be taken into account, if we want to make our earthing system properly and safe to operate.

V diplomskem delu je obravnavana rešitev za napajanje podjetja Deplast. Predstavljeno je trenutno stanje v podjetju, kraju in distribucijskem podjetju. Z upoštevanjem predvidenih nadaljnjih širitev podjetja je izdelan izračun kratkostičnih razmer ter dimenzioniranje opreme za novo 20/o,4-kilovoltno transformatorsko postajo Deplast. Izbrana je primerna oprema. Smisel naloge je opisati postopke, ki na spripeljejo od ideje do nove transformatorske postaje. The aim of this thesis is to find a suitable power supply for the company Deplast. It introduces the current energy situation at the company, the locality and the distribution centre. Considering the anticipated additional expansion of the company a calculation of the short-circuit situation has been made, as well as the dimensioning of the equipment for the new 20/0,4 kV transformer station Deplast. The suitable equipment has been chosen. The thesis intends to describe the necessary procedures to turn the initial idea into a transformer station.

V diplomski nalogi je ustvarjen načrt za izvedbo nove transformatorske postaje TP Konti, ki bo napajala novo napravo Konti za kontinuirano ulivanje jekla. Ob tem bo železarna Štore STEEL, d. o. o. izboljšala kvaliteto svojega polproizvoda (gredic) in povečala kapaciteto odlitega jekla. Za novo transformatorsko postajo TP Konti so izvedeni izračuni kratkih stikov, določene so stikalne naprave za VN in NN strani ter izračunane termične in dinamične obremenitve zbiralk. V programskem orodju AutoCAD so narisane enočrtne in tripolne sheme postrojenja, nadomestne sheme impedanc ter enočrtne sheme na visoko in nizkonapetostni strani omrežja. Prikazana je lokacija izgradnje nove transformatorske postaje in določena oprema v njej. Prav tako so izvedeni izračuni za hlajenje transformatorja in dimenzioniranje njemu pripadajoče oljne jame, prikazana je tudi postavitev transformatorja v prečnem preseku. In this thesis is presented a plan for the implementation of a new transformer station TP Konti, which will supply electrical energy to the new continuous caster equipment. With installation of new continuous caster steel plant STORE STEEL d.o.o. will increase the capacity of steel production and reach better quality of their semi product (billets). For new transformer station TP Konti calculations of short circuit currents have been carried out, HV and LV equipment for transformer station have been chosen, and we calculated thermal and dynamic load of busbar. The software tool AutoCAD had been used to draw single line diagrams, three-pole drawings and impedances of the supply network. On drawings it is also shown, where the new transformer station will be placed in existing building, and which HV and LV equipment will be installed. For transformer room, calculations of cooling the transformer at its nominal load are done and sizing the transformer oil pit which is shown on the drawing of the transformer room layout in the cross-sectional view.

V magistrskem delu je predstavljen postopek načrtovanja umestitve novega srednjenapetostnega (SN) 20 kV kablovoda in transformatorske postaje v prostor. V uvodnih poglavjih so povzeti osnovni zakoni, ki jih je treba upoštevati pri načrtovanju objekta. Predstavljeni so udeleženci, ki sodelujejo pri gradnji. V jedru magistrskega dela je opisana metoda, po kateri je bila določena in izbrana trasa predvidene gradnje SN 20 kV kablovoda. Narejeni so tehnični izračuni dimenzioniranja SN 20 kV kablovoda in ostale elektro opreme, vključno z NN kablovodom do NN zbiralk odjemalca. Na koncu sledi povzetek pridobljenih rezultatov. This master thesis presents the process of designing a medium voltage (MV) power line and the inclusion of a new transformer station in the distribution power network. In the introductory chapters the basic laws are summarised which must be taken into account when designing the facility. Furthermore, the participants, involved in construction, are presented. The main part of the thesis includes the presentation of the method which served as the means of determining or selecting the route of the planned construction of the MV 20 kV power line. This is followed by technical calculations of dimensioning MV 20 kV power line and other electrical equipment, including low voltage (LV) cable to the client. Finally, a brief summary of the obtained results is provided.