First report of methicillin‐resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> in tank cultured dusky kob (<italic>Argyrosomus japonicus</italic>), and evaluation of three phenotypic methods in the detection of MRSA.

Abstract: This study was conducted to ascertain the occurrence of methicillin‐resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> (MRSA) in marine finfish (<italic>Argyrosomus japonicus</italic>) harvested from the wild and two re‐circulatory aquaculture systems, and evaluating the reliability of three phenotypic methods in the detection of methicillin resistance. A total of 120 dusky kob fish were sampled for <italic>S. aureus</italic> detection using conventional methods and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the <italic>nuc</italic> gene. Methicillin resistance was determined by molecular detection of the <italic>mecA</italic> gene. Using <italic>mecA</italic> as the defining standard, the specificities and sensitivities of cefoxitin disc diffusion, oxacillin screen agar, and growth of <italic>S. aureus</italic> on Brilliance MRSA II Agar were evaluated. A total of 321 presumptive <italic>S. aureus</italic> isolates were recovered by culture, out of which 202 (62.9%) were confirmed by PCR. Of these, 33 (16.3%) strains were <italic>mecA</italic> positive while 169 (83.7%) were <italic>mecA</italic> negative. The sensitivities and specificities of MRSA detection was 93.9 and 91.7%, 81.8 and 92.3%, and 87.9 and 94.1% for cefoxitin disc, oxacillin screen agar test, and Brilliance MRSA II agar, respectively. This is so far the first report of MRSA in dusky kob aquaculture in South Africa. In the absence of molecular techniques, cefoxitin disc diffusion test is recommended along with any other phenotypic method to improve MRSA detection from samples of veterinary origin. Practical implications: Methicillin‐resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> currently presents one of the greatest challenges for medical research worldwide, as well as is one of the most important causes of bacteria gastroenteritis due to preformed toxins in foods. There is a dearth of knowledge on marine foods as carriers/sources of MRSA infection. There are also major discrepancies obtained with MRSA detection methods, making effective detection of this pathogen complicated. The results from this study show that healthy aquaculture fish are reservoirs of MRSA, thus it is necessary to regularly monitor marine foods. Cefoxitin disc diffusion test is recommended as the preferred method for detection of MRSA from fish/food samples where molecular methods are lacking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]