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Modulating absorption and postprandial handling of dietary fatty acids by structuring fat in the meal: a randomized crossover clinical trial.

Authors :
Vors C
Pineau G
Gabert L
Drai J
Louche-Pélissier C
Defoort C
Lairon D
Désage M
Danthine S
Lambert-Porcheron S
Vidal H
Laville M
Michalski MC
Source :
The American journal of clinical nutrition [Am J Clin Nutr] 2013 Jan; Vol. 97 (1), pp. 23-36. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Dec 12.
Publication Year :
2013

Abstract

Background: Prolonged postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In the context of obesity, this is associated with a chronic imbalance of lipid partitioning oriented toward storage and not toward β-oxidation.<br />Objective: We tested the hypothesis that the physical structure of fat in a meal can modify the absorption, chylomicron transport, and further metabolic handling of dietary fatty acids.<br />Design: Nine normal-weight and 9 obese subjects were fed 40 g milk fat (+[(13)C]triacylglycerols), either emulsified or nonemulsified, in breakfasts of identical composition. We measured the postprandial triacylglycerol content and size of the chylomicron-rich fraction, plasma kinetics of [(13)C]fatty acids, exogenous lipid oxidation with breath-test/indirect calorimetry, and fecal excretion.<br />Results: The emulsified fat resulted in earlier (>1 h) and sharper chylomicron and [(13)C]fatty acid peaks in plasma than in spread fat in both groups (P < 0.0001). After 2 h, the emulsified fat resulted in greater apolipoprotein B-48 concentrations (9.7 ± 0.7 compared with 7.1 ± 0.9 mg/L; P < 0.05) in the normal-weight subjects than did the spread fat. In the obese subjects, emulsified fat resulted in a 3-fold greater chylomicron size (218 ± 24 nm) compared with the spread fat (P < 0.05). The emulsified fat induced higher dietary fatty acid spillover in plasma and a sharper (13)CO(2) appearance, which provoked increased exogenous lipid oxidation in each group: from 45% to 52% in normal-weight subjects (P < 0.05) and from 40% to 57% in obese subjects (P < 0.01).<br />Conclusion: This study supports a new concept of "slow vs fast fat," whereby intestinal absorption can be modulated by structuring dietary fat to modulate postprandial lipemia and lipid β-oxidation in humans with different BMIs. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01249378.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1938-3207
Volume :
97
Issue :
1
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
The American journal of clinical nutrition
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
23235199
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.043976