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Modulating absorption and postprandial handling of dietary fatty acids by structuring fat in the meal: a randomized crossover clinical trial.
- Source :
-
The American journal of clinical nutrition [Am J Clin Nutr] 2013 Jan; Vol. 97 (1), pp. 23-36. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Dec 12. - Publication Year :
- 2013
-
Abstract
- Background: Prolonged postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In the context of obesity, this is associated with a chronic imbalance of lipid partitioning oriented toward storage and not toward β-oxidation.<br />Objective: We tested the hypothesis that the physical structure of fat in a meal can modify the absorption, chylomicron transport, and further metabolic handling of dietary fatty acids.<br />Design: Nine normal-weight and 9 obese subjects were fed 40 g milk fat (+[(13)C]triacylglycerols), either emulsified or nonemulsified, in breakfasts of identical composition. We measured the postprandial triacylglycerol content and size of the chylomicron-rich fraction, plasma kinetics of [(13)C]fatty acids, exogenous lipid oxidation with breath-test/indirect calorimetry, and fecal excretion.<br />Results: The emulsified fat resulted in earlier (>1 h) and sharper chylomicron and [(13)C]fatty acid peaks in plasma than in spread fat in both groups (P < 0.0001). After 2 h, the emulsified fat resulted in greater apolipoprotein B-48 concentrations (9.7 ± 0.7 compared with 7.1 ± 0.9 mg/L; P < 0.05) in the normal-weight subjects than did the spread fat. In the obese subjects, emulsified fat resulted in a 3-fold greater chylomicron size (218 ± 24 nm) compared with the spread fat (P < 0.05). The emulsified fat induced higher dietary fatty acid spillover in plasma and a sharper (13)CO(2) appearance, which provoked increased exogenous lipid oxidation in each group: from 45% to 52% in normal-weight subjects (P < 0.05) and from 40% to 57% in obese subjects (P < 0.01).<br />Conclusion: This study supports a new concept of "slow vs fast fat," whereby intestinal absorption can be modulated by structuring dietary fat to modulate postprandial lipemia and lipid β-oxidation in humans with different BMIs. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01249378.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Apolipoprotein B-48 blood
Blood Glucose
Body Mass Index
Breakfast
Breath Tests
Calorimetry, Indirect
Carbon Dioxide
Chylomicrons analysis
Chylomicrons metabolism
Cross-Over Studies
Fatty Acids, Nonesterified blood
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 blood
Feces chemistry
Humans
Hunger physiology
Hyperlipidemias metabolism
Insulin blood
Kinetics
Male
Meals
Obesity physiopathology
Triglycerides blood
Fatty Acids administration & dosage
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 administration & dosage
Intestinal Absorption
Lipid Metabolism physiology
Postprandial Period physiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1938-3207
- Volume :
- 97
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The American journal of clinical nutrition
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 23235199
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.043976