Search

Playfulness is seen as a harmony of two vectors: entertainment and seriousness; thus, it represents a didactic resource which deserves to be taken into consideration when teaching Romanian as a foreign language (RFL). Game component, pleasure and interactivity presupposed in didactic games, represent the premises of optimisation of educational process as long as they are attentively and efficiently exploited by the teacher, being an extremely useful didactic strategy in the framework of the lessons of Romanian as a foreign language. No matter if we see the key word of the present paper – “game” – from the literary, grammatical, semantic or pragmatic point of view, the element which links all these perspectives is the playful aspect implied by each of them. A unanimous recognition of the formative possibilities of games continues in the field of pedagogical theory, with the establishment of the optimal didactic ways of the realisation of its potential. Stemming from this observation, the present paper underlines the playful aspect of didactic activity appearing in the “didactic game”, which becomes an efficient method in teaching Romanian as a foreign language (through simulation and/or dramatisation). The role and the importance of didactic game consist in the fact that it facilitates the process of assimilation, fixation and consolidation of knowledge. At the same time, due to its formative character, it influences the development of our students. At the lessons of Romanian as a foreign language, a Russian-speaking foreign student finds a favourable environment for the development of language skills necessary to successfully integrate not only in the university circles to which he aspires, but also in the society which adopts him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the general context of multilingualism and multiculturalism that characterize today's society, the analysis of the languages in contact is a topic of interest for the studies of contemporary contrastive linguistics. The present paper aims at describing the complex phenomenon concerning the present multiethnic and multicultural society, namely the linguistic consequences of immigration, with particular reference to Romanian immigration to Italy. Although limited to sketching some linguistic features of a small sociolinguistic segment, the proposed case study will emphasize the linguistic behaviour of the Romanian or Bessarabian students who attend the lectures of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures and Modern Cultures of the University of Turin. The present research proposes to observe how their mother tongue is preserved (taking into account that most of the time, these students belong to the second generation of Romanian immigrants who come to Italy) and in which cases the influence of the Italian language (second language for these subjects) over the Romanian language (L1) is manifested ) or vice versa. This paper aims, in particular, to observe the influences exerted by the Italian language (L2) on the mother tongue (LM) of the mentioned subjects, the main objective of the study being to highlight at what levels of the linguistic system the interference between the two languages is manifested, in order to highlight the dynamics of the Romanian language written and spoken by these Romanian native speakers students, members of the Romanian community in Turin, one of the most numerous communities of foreign residents in Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at examining the peculiarities of term formation in the specialized languages, providing relevant examples from the domain of biomedical engineering which, representing a mix between medicine and engineering, offers a wide variety of scientific and technical terminology to illustrate the term formation patterns and methods presented. Largely based of the works of Juan C. Sager, one of the most influential researchers in the domain of terminology, the paper aims at explaining and describing the main approaches and mechanisms of term formation, as well as the importance and function of each method in special reference and designation of concepts as required by classificatory function of the specialized languages, precision of expression and systematic reference. Therefore, it is of absolute importance to differentiate between primary and secondary term formation patterns, as well as to specify that terms can be the product of use of existing linguistic resources expressed through the extension of meaning of a an existing term, modification of existing linguistic resources expressed through derivation, compounding, conversion and compression, and creation of new linguistic entities expressed through borrowing and calques or loan translations, each of those approaches having a specific purpose and a place in the specialized designation of concepts, and creating the terminological structure of a specialized domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reopens the discussion concerning the meaning of linguistic imaginary, a fairly new concept in Romanian scholarship that has been interpreted in three ways. Most Romanian researchers have been focused on this term from a metalinguistic perspective, according to which linguistic imaginary matches the speaking subject's representations on the language. In addition to this quite well-known approach, Elena Platon acknowledges another one, suggested by ethnolinguistics and cognitive linguistics. To be more precise, the aim of our study is to reveal the course imaginary from an ethnolinguistic point of view, provided by an author from Poland, Johanna Ewa Cholewa. According to her theory, each word has both cultural and linguistic images. From such a perspective, we will try to reconstruct the linguistic image of the concept „course”. In order to identify and interpret the linguistic representations of the course, our present paper aims to analyse the following elements: etymology, semantic problems, synonyms, derivatives, phonetics, proverbs, and expressions containing the word „course” and its derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an overview of the language for a specific purpose, especially of the one used in Technical English. General English and English for Specific Purposes are apparently equivalent but we need to highlight that each of them has its own style and vocabulary. We can speak of style in education, medicine, management, leadership, industry and many other fields of activity, but this paper will address the technical vocabulary from the field of oil and gas industry. Thus, we try to make reference to the semantic fields of the different words in our specific field, compared to the common language, in order to notice the lexical structure of the words considering the etymological, semantic, phraseological, verbal or even word formation. However, we must emphasize that, unlike the general language, the technical language consists of specific terms and concepts with limited use, being understood and used only by the specialists in the field of the oil industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Symbols represent a means by which complex ideas difficult to verbalize in natural languages are conveyed to the people who belong to the same culture; they agglutinate rich series of metaphors or associations. This paper starts from the assumption that initial 'primitive' human emotional reactions to nature turned into mythological explanations and eventually into beliefs conveyed from a generation to another. Stone as a symbol is as old as mankind. It has preserved its original significance: the rock and the hole in the rock (grotto, cave) represented a protective space associated to the womb, Mother Earth. Stone signifies strength, resilience, durability, eternity and points to the passage from the profane to the sacred, as can be illustrated by oronyms and toponyms in Romanian culture. As building material for shelters, places of worship and graves, stone has become a symbol of cultural transmutation assimilated to the act of creation and to the passage from obscurity to light. Stone represents the result of global perception which does not follow the logic of conceptual reasoning; it is multidimensional and communicates with other symbols while expressing various relationships: ephemeral-eternal, history-eternity, immanenttranscendent. This paper investigates which particular meanings have been attached to the symbol of stone in Romanian culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many terms created by modifying or transferring the underlying meaning in current specialized languages, metaphorization being a semantic process at which terminologies are used at all stages of their formation. In the present paper, the metaphorization process in the specialized languages is analyzed, the way in which the meanings of the words evolve in the process of terminology and reorganization of the sports language in Romanian, the conceptual source domains of Romanian sports terms formed by metaphorization were determined and illustrated with concrete examples. As a result of the analysis carried out in the paper, it was found that in the sports language, the terms formed by metaphorization were taken from both the common language (through a terminology process) and from other specialized languages (military, biological, geographic, etc.) , being subjected to the process of re-terminologization. Often, the latter also cross the stage of de-terminologization. Five of the six source domains of conceptual metaphors attested in contemporary Romanian are also found in the specialized sports language: Objects, Plants, Animals, Man, Natural phenomena. There is a trend of predominance of the object-oriented conceptual model and the anthropomorphic one, these categories are the most numerous in the examples chosen by us. The conceptual metaphors of the sports language are based especially on form similarities and those related to the character of movements. The phenomenon can be explained by the fact that most of the metaphor terms are created by association with man's own image and the objects of everyday life, most of which are visual images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In common use the term translation refers mainly to translating from one language to another. In the case of the transfer referred to in this paper, it is the type of translation within the same language, seen as a way to interpret the linguistic signs using other signs in the same language. The specialized discourse is based on hypothetic-deductive complex structures, while the didactic discourse aims at constructing a descriptive definite picture. The Scientific Research Institutions produce through research scientific knowledge which, by means of translation, through intra-linguistic translation, is then made available to the School for their teaching and learning. One of the discursive procedures through which the transfer of knowledge is made is the definition. Being a basic component of didactic textdiscourse, the definition has structure and content determined by the context, being a reformulation, a transposition of the scientific definition. In this paper we aim to highlight the way in which the scientific definition differs from the didactic one by means of discursive analysis on some sub-corpuses of didactic text-discourse. Finally we note the necessity of translating, reformulating the scientific discourse, so that the educational content is transmitted to the student-recipient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation is a key element in the life of any person: it defines his forms of activity, his success and failures, the directions of his personal and professional development etc. As for the system of education in particular, motivation is one of the most important factors determining the success of teaching process: it is a well-known fact that a motivated student will demonstrate better and longer-lasting results as compared to others. The present article is aimed at the analysis of some possible motivation strategies when teaching Romanian as a foreign language in the framework of the preparatory year practical course. We believe that in this context the issue of student motivation is especially important. On the one hand, some students develop a strong intrinsic motivation, realising the importance of studying the Romanian language for their academic and professional activity. On the other hand, however, in the case of other students, for various reasons, the teacher has to make additional effort in order to motivate them. In this paper we will present some possible strategies and techniques that can be used by the teacher of Romanian as a foreign language at the preparatory year practical course, dividing them into the following groups: motivational strategies from the perspective of teaching activities suggested by the teacher, motivational strategies from the perspective of assessment activities suggested by the teacher and realisation of the motivational profile of the student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As we know, there are currently two opposing trends in the choice of educational standards: on the one hand, the search for individualization and, on the other hand, the standardization of the educational service in the sense of standardization of the most common model. The purpose of this paper is to present some linguistic and pedagogical reflections on the cross-cutting approaches that can be adopted, on the one hand, for the development and consolidation of students' language skills in using the French language and, on the other hand, for the teaching of non-linguistic disciplines in French within international programs in the context of globalization. These reflections emerge from our knowledge of the field, both theoretical and practical, in the implementation of teaching focused on general French, French for specific purposes and, lately, French for academic purposes within the Filière Francophone of the Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova. The work sheds light on the new role of the language teacher who has to overcome in his approach a certain number of linguistic and sociolinguistic difficulties faced by learners, and help them succeed in the transition to the standard of teaching à la française, thus ensuring that they take ownership of this new standard. This implies regular links between the teachers of French language and the teachers of specialized subjects in order to set up a common system to help students understand the university courses by creating pairs of language teachers and specialized teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper calls into question the withered metaphor, as one of the most suggestive and long-lived metaphors of the metaphor, intensely and enthusiastically used among aestheticians and stylisticians. Interpreting its meaning in the light of the consecrated theories, as well as based on the imaginary schema of plants which gives its substance, it is believed that its successful invention and function were made possible only within a narrow framework of understanding the metaphorical phenomenon, strictly from an aesthetic point of view. Conversely, a significantly wider framework in approaching the metaphor, which would take into consideration theories of cognitivist origin, could show how this concept, going itself through a withering process, can do injustice to a large category of metaphors, and, for this reason, it should be reconsidered. If metaphorization as a phenomenon is no longer viewed as being specific to the poetic thinking, but it is seen rather as a fundamental cognitive process, able to generally explain both the functioning mechanisms of the human thought and the principles of linguistic creativity, then metaphors such as the foot of the mountain, the mouth of the valley, etc., could get the chance to a new life, without carrying the stigma of degradation. If such metaphors were no longer judged as aged forms, lacking their assumed original beauty and brightness, but as fundamental conceptual metaphors, their revaluation could gain a well-deserved place among metaphors: that of the most eloquent and transparent proof of how the human brain makes different metaphorical transfers from the source-domain to the target-domain, so as to create new words or idioms, and, consequently, new concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes how English Romanticism gave birth to a poetic care that managed to convey strong feelings to readers. Romanticism has put its mark on the numerous fields of research, but also on the individuality of Man. It is a phenomenon that still has important topics and hypotheses to analyze. We will consider the beauty of their work, the way it was expressed, because it is precisely this concept that is the reference point of the romantic literary phenomenon. In the same way we will also focus on the connection between the author's meditation and the concept of beauty. The preoccupation of the romantics was to give birth to a beautiful eternal to adapt the requirements of the nearby societies in the continuation of the movement. Most of the time, we will see a beautiful relationship, with the ugly antithesis. This is possible in the romantics, because they did not see the opposite of the ugly, but a way of highlighting a unitary system from which the idea that they wanted to present as eloquently as possible came out, using any method of expressing the inner self. They often used contrasting associations, of the beautiful / ugly, finite / infinite, good / bad type. The place where the romantic writer places the action is specific to the romantic lyricism, a favorable place for creation, a place where all the elements form an idyllic frame. English Romanticism was a sort of start on the road to modernity, towards a new sense of aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technical English has always been an issue of interest in the field of English as a foreign language. Terminology of English for general purposes has taken more of an interest in teaching English for Specific Purposes nowadays and the demands can be seen on a daily basis. English is of great significance for academic and professional excellence of people of technology. Various investigations show that engineers face difficulties in their jobs due to their language skills and that is the reason we are trying to focus on enhancing their skills without addressing lack of efficient language usage in technical context. There have been a personal concern in satisfying the people' expectations by means of a skills-based terminology and hence, I did researches on the field of specific oil and gas terminology and brought to you some sections of this. The aim of this article is to present more a practical basis for the technical terminology than a theoretical one; this paper emphasizes need analysis in designing specific materials for engineering. This work presents a section of the oil and gas terminology of the English Language vice versa General English; the article also identifies the conceptual system with the differences and the features of the petroleum field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of languages, speech communities have cultivated evaluating judgments about their usefulness and status. The attitudes and representations associated with the language are explicit or implicit components of the culture and myths of speech communities. Attitudes toward the language varieties are not necessarily perceivable; nevertheless, their impact on language education can translate into a lower motivation in children from families or communities where a different language or a different variety is spoken compared to the instruction language of formal education. The ongoing debate in language education swings between the emphasis on standard language and curriculum regulation and whether or how to build on the diversity of language practices children bring to school. In this paper, we argue that for the teachers educated in the spirit of normative linguistics is essential to enter into a dialog with researchers and policymakers over the repercussions of language attitudes and representations on the language education policy. We draw attention as well to the fact that there is a need for the key actors of the language education to develop and calibrate their awareness of the language attitudes hidden in the institutional mandate of schools and to understand their impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge of a new culture always starts with the process of learning the language spoken by its representatives. The pluriculturalism and plurilingualism spread in the European area cease to represent some forms of differentiation, delimitation of people and peoples, but on the contrary, it ensures cultural and political integrity, encourages empathy and understanding. The evolution of these phenomena lies in the urgent need to form connections, to identify the links necessary to facilitate the communication process. The Romanian language, a component integrated to the European pluricultural phenomenon, extends its area of use, which increases the interest for studying it as a foreign language. The primary purpose of promoting the Romanian language as a foreign language in the academic environment is the affirmation and perpetuation of the Romanian linguistic and cultural identity. Being one of the oldest languages in the European space, Romanian has always been the target of linguists and historians, and now it becomes a link that facilitates the connection with the surrounding world. This paper aims to present the Romanian language as an object of study and to point out goals and benefits (development of communication skills, access to knowledge, professional mobility) that make a foreigner to learn it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we will present the linguistic perspective about learning foreign languages, and will be structured in two parts: the first part will explain the distinction made by E. Coşeriu between two important aspects of languages, and the second part will approach the linguistic theories in teaching foreign languages. In teaching the Romanian language as a foreign language, it is important to take account, firstly, of the distinction between the sistem and normă by Eugeniu Coşeriu. This is an essential element for understanding and exemplifying the learning/teaching process of Romania as a foreign language. The language has multiple possibilities to form plural, for example, but the grammar only accepts one of those possibilities. The confusions between the right form and the wrong one are explained by this distinction made by E. Coşeriu. In the second part of this article, we will discuss the theories offered by Coşeriu in teaching languages that are directed towards a teaching using a language that both student and teacher speak, avoiding the direct method. We will discuss E. Cassirer's theory, because both theoretical visions develop and capitalizes in different ways the Humboldt's understanding of language as creative activity, not just an instrument that humans use to communicate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses a theoretical matter that has always constituted a problematic and has given rise to debates and various approaches to this very issue, i.e. the choice of a translation strategy. The debates primarily oscillate around the idea of faithfulness versus freedom of translation in relation to the original. In addition, this opposition encompasses subjective factors: the translator's manner of using their set of skills and the subjective choice that they make while selecting the equivalents and producing the target text. The question is whether to accept or reject the information or the elements which might "betray" the text as being a translation, i.e. to produce a version that will function as an original or as a translation? Therefore, the translator can choose between the "coloured glass" or "transparent glass" strategy, between observing the author of the original or the receiver, i.e. the target language and culture. An obvious trend in nowadays research is to avoid dichotomous visions, which are criticised for their extreme character (either/or) and to apply new methodological meaning- and idea-centred approaches (the Theory of Sense developed by ESIT, the communication model by Hatim and Mason, the communication model by Lvovskaya etc.). Thus, there's a favourable ground to replace the pair "coloured glass" versus "transparent glass" with a new metaphor and namely, that of the "mirror", capable to concurrently reflect the original and the transformation the latter goes through in the process of translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phraseological units that include a somatic component represent a vast linguistic material for researching the spiritual culture in different languages. In this paper we study the somatic phraseological units that contain the word “eye” in the English, Romanian and Russian languages from the cognitive linguistics perspective. The examples have been collected from dictionaries and classified according to the “image of the eye” which is associated with a certain emotive conceptual category. Also we have analyzed the phraseological units according to the semantic criteria suggested by the American professor G. Lakoff when researching the conceptual metaphor. Another method used in this paper is that of the Image Schema that is largely used by the Polish linguist A. Wierzbicka in her papers about universality/non-universality of emotion concepts in many cultures. Having conducted the study we identified cultural similarities and differences in the conceptualization of emotion categories in the three languages and have identified different “images of the eye” that describe the conceptual categories of emotions in English, Romanian and Russian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What politics means is an open question, but there is no doubt that politics is meaningful. Politics and language are inseparable. Political discourse is a discourse of influence aimed at influencing the audience to mobilize to act, to think, to consider etc. It is obvious that the linguistic reality grafted onto the political one, highlights the essential role of language, its field of manifestation, while the political outcomes are those based on which the selection operates both from terminology point of view and from that of discursive strategies of course. These ideas support the hypothesis that the language, discursive strategy and political strategy are interdependent. This article offers some theoretical perspectives on the study of language and politics, and provides an essential introduction to political discourse analysis. The paper will explore some responses to the seemingly naive question "What is Political Discourse Analysis?". Instead of being normative, in the sense of wanting to prescribe what political discourse analysis should be, it rather aims to be programmatic in another, more analytical way, and try to provide some answers to the question what could be an adequate way of ‘doing' political discourse analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a theoretical overview of the phenomenon English for Specific Purposes (ESP). ESP has developed and became a part of English language teaching which should be taught of as a different approach to language learning in order to meet learner's particular professional or occupational language needs. In the global context, students at engineering institutions need a specific set of language skills for their success in education and in career. Language classes at this higher level always make use of the texts of specific professional areas (art, business, civil engineering, computer). Such texts are usually focused on the communicative needs of the learners. English for Engineering is an example of English for Science and Technology and its history is the one of EST which on the other hand is closely related to English for Specific Purposes (ESP). Hence, there were made many attempts to focus on English for Specific Purposes and English for Science and Technology (EST). Most of the work in the 1960s was in the area of English for Science and Technology (EST) and for some time ESP and EST were regarded as almost synonymous (Hutchinson & Waters). An engineer's need for communicating his ideas and views makes him find special words-jargon, likewise a doctor needs a different range of words to speak about the patients health. This is ESP, which we do not use on our daily basis. The words that we use in our ordinary discussions take on a different meaning in Technical English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the impact of the discursive perspective on the choice and functioning of modality markers. The analysis is based on two inaugural addresses of Romanian presidents, Traian Băsescu (2004) and Klaus Iohannis (2014). The emphasis of this study is placed on demonstrating that the perspective is an essential parameter of organizing political discourse, governing different types of macro-and micro-structural strategic choices. The author intends to look at how perspective influences the choice and functioning of discursive epistemic and deontic modal markers. The modality is the manifestation of the orator's subjectivity, of the cognitive and volitional attitude of the speaker towards the information contained in his/her own statement. Epistemic modal expressions are used to illustrate the speaker's different degrees of truth and accountability towards his/her own assertions, a necessary convention in the process of taking the power, as this confirms the program announced in the electoral campaign, but also used to mitigate the effect that could be interpreted as coercive or too authoritarian of the deontic, volitional or prescriptive modal structures, aimed at influencing the attitude of the listener. That's why, the aim of this investigation is to analyze the epistemic and deontic modal resources used by both presidents to present their political programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study refers to three types of modalities: the allocutive modality, which implies both the locutor and the alocutor, is oriented towards the latter, and “it expresses the way in which the alocutor imposes to the locutor his/her position and will, the elocutive modality, focused on the locutor, and the delocutive modality, which is oriented towards the message, disregarding the distinction locutor/ alocutor. We propose the discussion on the discursive aspects of the alterity by having in view its allocutive register and delocutive register. The allocutive register corresponds to the dialogue, to the direct discourse. In this case the other takes the form (role) of “you”. The delocutive register is the indirect discourse, where the other is presented as “that”. The text is the object of study of textual linguistics; While discipline as sociology or ethnology studies the social place. The discourse analysis will be in a transdisciplinary position in which it will try to harmonize the diverse perspective. The social text and place are the sides of the recto and the back of a sheet of paper: the speech will be a text, a social place, and an articulation that articulates them. The term “discourse” refers more to the vast scope of a research area than to a certain way of understanding language. The fact that the term involves the relationship of language with non-linguistic reality parameters makes “discourse” a field of interdisciplinary research. In this case, the term “speech” is not plural, it designates a generic domain. Looking at speech, discourse analysis is itself a speech by definition, determined by spatial and temporal parameters. These parameters explain the diversity of streams that cross the field of speech discourse. In this vast field, the different cultural and scientific traditions intersect: the European tradition marked by strong rationalist tendencies and the more empirical and mosaic American trend. Through this article I tried to explain the relationship between a certain speaker, that addresses to a receiver, in a spatiotemporal context, and I also tried to enter both the multiple meanings sphere of the colloquial language, and the old traditional universe of old Romanian speakers, with their language full of symbols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that nowadays the phenomenon of intensive commercialization of the audiovisual gets larger and the most used terms on the trade of media products are “project”, “format” and “rating”, nobody can put into brackets or to cancel the aesthetical categories that, more or less, could be found in a viable, even marketable audiovisual production. It is not a secret that the cinematographic or television film, as the artistic program (TV show) gets the first outline on the paper, or on the computer screen, and the route of materialization of a TV project - from the stage of literary scenario and directorial cutout to the properly audiovisual program - constitutes some intentional acts which presuppose an appropriate professional culture from filmmakers. In this article the author aims to investigate the artistic broadcast from the poetic point of view (structure and composition, typology, ways of elaborating and assembling the programs of this type). Using the method of deconstruction, the author analyzes the structural elements of the audiovisual message, at the same time revealing some favorable factors of these author's programs (the subject's nature, topic's origin, the genre of the given media production, stars involved that are invited mainly in films, serials, musical shows, competitions with public involved, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article gives theoretical and practical arguments for building educational partnerships to reduce destructive social phenomena and optimize protective factors favoring education and young generations. In education, social factors involving partnership must be done on the basis of a set of core values that partners recognize those shared values. Theory and practice of educational partnership demonstrates that all partners who are interested in the development of education must recognize as fundamental values: democracy, civics, humanism, tolerance, communication, cooperation, diversity. The paper presents a model of one school from rural areas, which has increased the quality of education, creating educational partnership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current state of the Romanian language, the slang refined as an inventory of terms predisposed for encrypting communicated realities, but also as structural organization. The phenomenon is driven by technological kinetics, by assuming many terms borrowed as consumer units in the expression of certain social groups, by the emotional involvement of slangers in the new lexical constructions. The platform on which the current slang is stored represents the colloquial language, where we notice, on one hand, a spiritual predisposition for the slang creativity and, on the other hand, a specialization of terms for the role of units generating slang, becoming kind attractors and hence the slang clusters bases. In this paper, we propose not to follow the path of slang terms, but only to analyze the stylistic elements identified in a corpus of selected texts, especially in the online version of communication. In this regard, we appreciate anticipatory that the analyzed structures evade the linguistic norms, developing random generally adding directly to the need for picturesque and the encryption intention of messages by the speaker. Also, related to the current language, slangs are functional valves through which unlimited, unusual combinations of terms enter, which, in relation to the host language, are overbidding stylistic elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orphic myth of creating and maintaining the reality through the word isn't merely a legend. Daily we face with verbal representations which are interpreted differently depending on the power with which these are pronounced. The word "power" comprises here a variety of processes, strategies, methods of obtaining and preserving the power. The present paper attempts to present a linguistic analysis from Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) point of view, of some concrete manifestations of politico-diplomatic language's power. This paper approaches the method of analysis of argumentation in discourse, which apply pragmatic and rhetoric elements aiming at examining the way under which interact a locator and his receiver, exercising a reciprocal influence on each other through their discourse and verbal representation. The paper, finally hopes to offer a glimpse into the use of pragmatic modalities which influence the discursive relation between interlocutors. It emphasize on the analysis of politico-diplomatic discourse's evolution from modal point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-translation is the derivative of an equation combining the bilingual writing, the act of translation and literature. The architect of this creative activity is not just a mediator between the original text and the translated one but a writer, then a reader of his own work, a writer again and finally a reader of translation, which gives to a new original. This paper is focused on self-translation as a product of synergetic bilingualism. Connected with some mental processes, this type of bilingualism is meant to ensure the accuracy and speed of execution of auctorial translation, which is an inexhaustible source of creation, seen through the mirror of identity search. The author analyses the phenomenon under discussion from the perspective of the Theory of Sense and adapts the well-known interpretive triangle to self-translation. He also proposes a classification of the selftranslators according to the bilingualism they practice: bilingualism transmitted within the family by nativity; bilingualism acquired by education, bilingualism as a consequence of colonization, bilingualism as a result of voluntary or forced migration (exile), etc. This study has led the author to define the synergetic bilingualism as a mixed form of perfect mastery of two languages, the result of the coexistence of languages and cultures was attributed to a single individual that is the self-translator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Requirements of today's pedagogy involve focusing on forming the competences as teaching process finalities. In case of language learning it involves formation and development of communicative competences. To master a language means to be able to be a participant in the communication process in it. The concept of mastering a foreign language is primarily related to the oral aspect of communication in it. Most experts in linguistics and language teaching agree that the phonetic and phonological aspect of language is of prime importance. The influence of the native language or that of a different foreign language studied previously or simultaneously as a basic foreign language is the main cause of typical mistakes in learning pronunciation. To overcome it, there is a need of comparative and contrastive analysis of the sounds of these languages. The process of assimilation of pronunciation-related learning material includes three levels: knowledge, application and integration (the formation of knowledge, abilities and skills respectively). In this context, this paper addresses some aspects of teaching English complex consonantal monophonemic units to Romanian-speaking students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few theorists of translation have discussed the existence or non-existence of certain differences between translation and self-translation, two translating actions which, at first sight, can be easily perceived as identical ones. In this paper we intend to highlight the nuances of differentiation between "doing" of a translator and "doing" of a self-translator by means of the emerging antinomies. Given the relationship of the self-translator with the language or the languages and the double creation proper to him/her, our study will be focused on the following antinomies: author vs. translator, original vs. translation, identity vs. alterity, loss vs. gain, double vs. "entre-deux", simulacrum vs. non-simulacrum, paternity vs. auctoriality and others. In the case of self-translation, the potential of the work is quite different because it incorporates changes that go beyond a simple translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the author analyses the legal concepts divided into five groups: concepts that define abstract legal notions; concepts that define concrete objects; concepts that define characteristics or qualities; concepts that define processes and actions; concepts that define the bodies of the European Union. The research has allowed the author to make the following conclusions: - the legal concept is the main element of the legal term; - the first category of concepts is the most numerous, without abstract notions legal matter would not have consistency; - the base element of any terminology is the term defined, through the new approach of Wüster's theory, as a symbol assigned to a professional notion and expressed by linguistic means (words and word combinations used in specific conditions); - the term represents the physical form of the concept whose meaning is actualized in the specialized text. Therefore, the term is characterized by the triad notion/symbol/text; - the concepts are distinguished from each other by various characteristics. Two concepts that have common, but also different features, are similar, but cannot be confounded within the same conceptual system; - disregarding the linguistic aspects of terminology, Wüster's terminographic approach based on the classification of technique into closed areas, proved to be insufficient to establish the exact meaning of the term, but the contribution of the Austrian scientist in the field of terminology remains unquestionable. Some terminographical methods applied to exact sciences are not valid for socio-humanities, while others have to be revised and completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the history of humanity there have been moments when the excessive human attention given to himself and the exacerbation of individualism have been translated by an excessive concern for clothing, fine foods, sumptuous living spaces, etc. These are eras marked by searches of certain values in areas touched by artificiality, hedonism, decadence. From Cena Trimalchionis to the nowadays feasts, the concern for tasty food, preparation and appearance is constantly met in different cultural spaces. Currently, due to the rapid circulation of information, the recipes for the preparation of various dishes specific to certain cultural spaces cross the borders, becoming universalized. Savarin stated that "gastronomy researches people and things in order to bring from one country to another all that deserves to be known and, thus, a well-prepared feast is a summary of the world". An extrapolation of the theories about the taste and the history of food may be profitable also for the history of words, because in the Romanian cultural space there were periods when the Oriental or French influence become dominant and this is reflected best in the vocabulary of the Romanian literary language. Many neologisms of French origin, some coming from the gastronomic area, enrich the Romanian terminology of the field, but also the Romanian literary language in general. Thus, our comments from this paper, based on the diachronic research of the French influence on the Romanian culture, pursue the identification and analysis of certain terms that are within this semantic sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we resort to a brief analysis of several ethical directions that today's scholars skilled in professional ethics are concerned by. On the one hand, we have to clarify the major concepts covered by any ethical debate and knowledge - ethics ("ethos") and moral (usually, manner). Following these clarifications, the professional ethics comes to answer a series of dilemmas related to the theoretical and applied ethics - to the methodology of ethical knowledge. From this point of view, Peter Singer's scientific position outlines the universe of the ethical discourse and creates conditions to address those ethical regulations with a legislative application that the European Union proposes through the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. Including of the concept of psychological harassment at workplace thus creates forms of response to what we entitled "the professional ethics" as a solution for current moral dilemmas in the context of gender equality. As we bring to the attention some of the academic debates that within the European community have already found a number of institutional, academic and legislative solutions by creating some ethical instruments with legislative application, and also determining those conditions for optimization indispensable to socio-institutional relations. This work focuses on the ethical and reasoning speech and highlights the most applied approach of philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper tackles an original subject - the role of the didactic text in the development of the pupils' personality that is in a concrete existential reality, helping them to understand it. It reveals analytically the idea that before coming across the text in reality, it is created by a human, considering the equivalence between the text and reality. First of all the concrete approach activities of the text is emphasized by direct implication of the pupils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The totalitarian regime installed in Romania opened a long period during which freedom of thought, of speech or religious were forbidden, as the "new man" had to be created, in an Orwellian atmosphere. Among those who opposed and resisted dictatorship, Oana Orlea (1936-2014) was a prominent figure. Her writings, published in French, in her adoptive country, pointed out the insanity of Ceausescu's dictatorship. This paper attempts to deal with some of the most important characteristics of Oana Orlea's writings: Un sosie en cavale (The Runaway Lookalike), 1986 and Les années volées (The Stolen Years), 1991, in which fiction and autobiographical writing contribute to defend the victim's right to individual freedom in the context of dictatorship and to testify against any intrusion into individual freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I have written this paper not because I teach theory and technique of translation at the faculty of foreign languages and literatures but because I'd like to focus on one of the most important aspects for translators in general, and particularly for those students who would like to enter the translator's profession, namely to keep learning throughout their lives, to read and learn about the cultures of peoples. In this way they will be able to understand the cultural differences and their significance for translation. Nowadays most universities offer undergraduate programmes in translation and interpreting, which are part of the academic landscape. These academic courses set out to teach students how to do a particular job, encourage them to reflect on what they do, how they do it and why they do it in one way rather than another. Translation is a point of contact between peoples; the translator is the mediator, who makes explicit the differences between cultures and builds an imaginary bridge between them. Even if there are cultural boundaries he, the translator, does cross them. Translators and interpreters are voracious, passionate readers, in the middle of many books at once, in several languages, in different fields, they learn foreign languages and the culture and civilization of peoples, they travel a lot paying attention to how people use language and they are keen on real-world experience. They are fascinated by the untranslatable culture-bound words and phrases, look for them in all their resources, dictionaries, reference books, and encyclopedias in order to find the perfect solution, and to provide clear meaning in the target language. In a word, translators continue to immerse themselves in international cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the difficulties of translating poetry in an effort to make it universally accessible. Another issue is the peculiarities of the source text and the analysis that will be made on the Romanian translations of poems by Robert Burns (1759-1796). From the point of view of a translator, Burns presents special difficulties because of the bilingual environment and editorial conventions rooted in Scotland - Glossary. The small number of translations in Romanian language confirms this idea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moldovan media continue to show an increased interest in politics-themed topics, which are usually placed on the first pages, as well as twenty years ago, or firstly broadcasted in news bulletins in electronic media. The paper reveals the variety of ways and options to show political issues from various perspectives, with an increased content of tabloids details, journalists trying this way through media to attract less educated audience in terms of political culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In terms of approaches and theories of man's survival and his resorts, the communist phenomenon, of the experience in the Romanian political prisons, should be analyzed and researched in terms of what we develop within the field of ethics, entitled the "epistemological ethics". The idea that lies as the ethical epistemological justifies the approach of conceptual innovation in terms of ethics and deepens the human's issues. In this regard, ethics is the best science to exploit this knowledge and understanding of the material. But this experiential material so as to have scientific and implicitly social value creates conditions for the establishment of a theory with length and ethical coverage aiming this Romanian area in terms of memory and freedom occurrence. It should be said that, in terms of the ethical values and forms of manifestation, the phenomenon as an epistemological ethics may find value in the content of explicitness the plurality of philosophical issues in the entire human background - because problems of man and societies as a whole are referred to within the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper Fiction Art vs. Religious fiction between freedom and censorship describes the appearance of freedom thought on matters such religion in contemporary society. Writer's continuous dialogue with the myth led to substantial changes in content. If Greco- Roman religions have free-barrier ban interpretation of myths in author's mind, monotheistic religions such as Christianity, Islam etc., trying to combat all forms of freedom of thought in relation to the sacred texts. As seen Feuerbach artistic imagination products do not claim to be taken as objective reality; they do not require the reader's belief in the identity of real-image. As result you have that the confrontation between religious and aesthetic is illogical and artistic fiction gaining credibility in a situation where the recipient treats it as a non-fictional text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper treats the problem of the language in the post-totalitarian regime country - the case of Republic of Moldova. Language and power - this is the reason of multiple changes in the societies during the history of the civilizations. Language and economic power, language and cultural power - these key-words represent the approach of the author to a very sensitive and complicate situation in Republic of Moldova. The author proposes some issues which can be assumed by the linguists in sens to provide a correct solution in the language problem and do not permit to the politicians to decide in this place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the prerogatives of the conceptual metaphor theory is that the most central metaphors are grounded in bodily experience. This is the reason why it might be expected that these metaphors would be shared by different languages. The purpose of this paper is to examine the power of conceptual metaphor theory to explain the non-literal senses of language from the field of the human body. There has been found a number of equivalent expressions across the two languages which seem to be traceable to the body-mind mappings described by Sweetser, Kövecses, and others. Metonymy is also a significant force for generating non-literal expressions, but the large number of expressions is apparently generated by a combination of metaphor and metonymy. This cross-linguistic study commends that universally bodily experience motivates many figurative expressions in different languages, for cultural and linguistic reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]