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Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Language Teaching & Linguistic Studies (EAJLTLS) is the property of Eurasian Journal of Language Teaching & Linguistic Studies (EAJLTLS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The English Premier League, the elite division of association football (soccer) in England, exploited commercial opportunities and market growth since its rebranding in 1992. The companies involved in professional football sponsorships represented a variety of industries and origins. How substantial did these representations fluctuate to indicate a periodization of sponsorship eras? This paper provides a systematic and longitudinal review of shirt sponsors within the league. The investigation of historical patterns clarified the changing playing field and the current state of play of sponsorships in English football. The remarkable patterns resulted in an interconnected periodization of five sponsorship industry eras and four sponsorship globalization eras. Future sponsorship challenges were identified regarding the corporate context, community fundamentals and the level of involvement affecting new sponsorship eras. These patterns in the world-leading football competition serve as an excellent case for decision makers in other domains to recognize the dynamics in corporate community involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Italian mycologist Pier Andrea Saccardo is best remembered for his monumental Sylloge Fungorum , the first 'modern' effort to compile all identified fungi within a single classification scheme. The existing history of mycology is limited and has primarily focused on developments within England, but this article argues that Saccardo and his collaborators on the Sylloge supported a vital transnational expansion of mycological knowledge exchange and played a crucial role in stabilizing the tangled knot of local naming and identification among the world's amateur and professional mycologists. Written in the 'universal' scientific language of Latin, the Sylloge served as an early database of fungal knowledge and symbolized a broader unification of mycological inquiry in a moment of expanded scientific correspondence. The article situates this proto-database in broader histories of big data in biology and shows how the Sylloge formed a globalizing foundation for the twentieth century's major collecting and taxonomic advances in mycology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how nursing education both exemplifies the contradictions of neoliberalism alongside its seemingly all-encompassing influence. We conduct a feminist critical policy analysis to trace the histories of nursing as a feminised vocation located outside the academy, and how this is reflected in recent policy. We then critically explore widening participation and social mobility in relation to nursing education, and demonstrate how a discourse of fairness is used to justify market solutions. The 'special case' of nursing is considered through an analysis of how 'the nurse' as subject is constituted in education policy discourse. Our discussion focuses on the effects of these reforms and demonstrates how historical discourses that centre on women as carers are assimilated into the 'neoliberal social imaginary'. The paper's scope is both local – the gendered history of nursing education in England – and global – the force of neoliberal globalisation in education policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies on family‐SME internationalization have largely focused on what resources are needed to drive an incremental process rather than how resource management occurs in historical time. This paper focuses on the latter, adopting a social capital perspective (capturing both internal, i.e. among family‐SME board members, and external, cross border agent dyads, relations) in order to decipher case study data from the East of England. Findings show that it is not the presence or absence of organizational‐social‐capital that affects family‐SME internationalization success but rather its variable use over the years driven by the future pursuit of longevity, not growth. Key within this context is the variable use of the international expertise and management capability of non‐family managers in the family SME intra‐organizational context. Ultimately this may lead to change and learning that occurs erratically, often including reversals, without causing family‐SME progression across a sequence of incremental stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Austerity politics in Britain are edging towards compressed learning and teaching identities, driven by competition for resources and normative standards. Policy changes since 2010 have impacted particularly on the arts, and have had an adverse effect on cultural diversity across society. This situation has international resonance for those encountering protectionist reactions to globalisation. Practitioners in creative fields face dilemmas of agency, as they seek to maintain the presence of their roles, and ability to make choices. This paper focuses on how practitioners in post-compulsory art and design and gallery education challenge hegemonic constructions of the self through practice. It reflects on Herne’s research of relational differences between teachers and gallery educators, raising points for connective interventions as boundary work. A comparative lens draws upon theories of agency to support critically engaged practice. Empirical data is investigated through Sartre’s concept of free will, and Foucauldian negotiations of autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gin is far more than just a juniper-flavored alcoholic beverage distilled or infused with botanicals. This spirit boasts an incredibly rich (albeit tumultuous) cultural and social history, and its identity has shifted considerably over the centuries. Born as a medical treatment in the eleventh century, rising in popularity, especially in the Low Countries and in Germany, between the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, and held up as a material signifier of Englishness by the end of the seventeenth century, gin spawned a plague in England as the country transitioned to an era of modernization. It subsequently evolved from a symbol of English hegemony during colonialism to the spirit that is shaping the contemporary global drinking culture more than any other today. In this essay, we retrace the history of gin from the beginning to the present and recount how this spirit became a marketplace icon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides a theoretical insight into bank regulation and the process of internationalisation by examining the concepts of regulatory push and market pull within the context of Japanese bank entry into London during the 1980s. Rugman and Verbeke's [(1998). Corporate strategy and international environmental policy. Journal of International Business Studies, 29(4), 819-833] Consistency of Home and Host Government Goals model is utilised to structure the discussion, which centres on a situation where there is a conflict of goals between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and the home government but goal alignment between MNEs and the host government. As such the paper examines a relatively under-researched aspect of internationalisation and concludes that in certain circumstances internationalisation can occur despite great 'psychic distance'. The paper also argues that although bank regulation can lead to a conflict situation it can also be conducive to the development of a strong home base and the development of firm specific advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the tensions between local identities and the globalization of the English Premier League by presenting a case study of football fandom in Liverpool. Our findings are based on participant observation and numerous interviews in Liverpool, UK. We examine the tensions resulting from reliance on, and resistance to, tourist-based consumption of the game. We use a Lefebvrian theoretical framework that analyses how football spaces in Liverpool are socially and economically produced, and how the supporters’ groups of different teams in the city work to both globalize and glocalize the football culture of the city. We also look at how supporters are attempting to reshape their relationship with football’s current economic and cultural space. As Liverpool increasingly relies on a tourist-based economy with sport as its focus, the relationships between local and distant supporters, their clubs, and other fans are altered. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper explores the relationship between education, social exclusion and globalization, especially as it is found in the policies of the emergent supranational 'state' or sub-global bloc. The paper leads to an analysis of the discourse of social exclusion, and focuses on the part that education and training (ET) policies play in the individualization, pathologization and criminalization of socially excluded people. Following an initial sketch of the concept of globalization, the paper considers the development of supranational and nation state ET policy. The next section provides a brief sketch of the historic development of supranational ET policy. The final section returns to the main theme of the paper, namely education and the discourse of social exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing economic focus on knowledge has spurred the growth and development of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). This paper seeks to further understand the evolution and growth of KIBS firms and the nature of their networks and markets. It is argued that changing competitiveness conditions are heightening the requirement for firms in most sectors to innovate and take advantage of their core competences and knowledge. This is resulting in a growing trend by firms to outsource KIBS. The paper draws on interview data from a sample of KIBS firms in London and Helsinki. It is concluded that the growth of KIBS is stretching the limits of globalization through the creation of new spaces of knowledge flow. However, regions continue to be key knowledge bases and remain the primary spatial architecture underlying the systems of innovation within which KIBS are positioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of technological change and globalising tendencies on the printing industry. These processes of change have important implications for training. The paper uses available case-study evidence on the print industry in the south-west of England, organised mainly within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It takes as its starting point a limited range of the extensive literature on globalisation, and the literature that relates issues of lifelong learning to globalisation. The period since 1997 has seen an increasingly interventionist approach by the UK government to education and training. In addition, there is a strong emphasis on regional policy, with substantial devolution of power to Wales and Scotland, and the setting up of the Regional Development Agencies in England. Within the south-west England print industry, the initiative to rebuild the training infrastructure, especially for SMEs, has been taken by the Graphical Paper and Media Union. It has used money provided by government primarily through the Trade Union Learning Fund to set up training courses in new print technologies for its members and to begin to create a network of learning representatives to encourage and support members to take up these new opportunities. The paper refers to both quantitative and qualitative data on this work, and reflects on its economic, social, and cultural situatedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a framework is developed for analysing the ‘(new) urban politics’ (NUP) of global cities. The paper is structured around three main sections. First, it briefly reviews the global city literature alongside some of its main criticisms, with a particular emphasis on its ‘political deficit’. Secondly, it suggests that this shortcoming can be addressed through the establishment of a conversation with the NUP literature. These scholarships have developed parallel to each other but their relationship has been rather weak. It is argued that such cross-fertilisation presents an opportunity to refashion and bring forward the NUP in the particular context of global cities, but only if it is developed through a historical geographical materialist approach. Finally, the paper draws the contours of a conceptual framework to address the NUP of global cities, drawing mainly from the case of London. The conclusion sets out elements of a future research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Changes related to globalization have resulted in the growing separation of individuals in late modern societies from traditional bases of social solidarity such as parties, churches, and other mass organizations. One sign of this growing individualization is the organization of individual action in terms of meanings assigned to lifestyle elements resulting in the personalization of issues such as climate change, labour standards, and the quality of food supplies. Such developments bring individuals' own narratives to the fore in the mobilization process, often requiring organizations to be more flexible in their definitions of issues. This personalization of political action presents organizations with a set of fundamental challenges involving potential trade-offs between flexibility and effectiveness. This paper analyses how different protest networks used digital media to engage individuals in mobilizations targeting the 2009 G20 London Summit during the global financial crisis. The authors examine how these different communication processes affected the political capacity of the respective organizations and networked coalitions. In particular, the authors explore whether the coalition offering looser affiliation options for individuals displays any notable loss of public engagement, policy focus (including mass media impact), or solidarity network coherence. This paper also examines whether the coalition offering more rigid collective action framing and fewer personalized social media affordances displays any evident gain in the same dimensions of mobilization capacity. In this case, the evidence suggests that the more personalized collective action process maintains high levels of engagement, agenda focus, and network strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twinning is a practice that creates formal and informal political, economic, social and cultural relationships between cities throughout the world. Despite its prevalence there has been relatively little academic attention paid to twinning. Indeed, where writers have considered city twinning they have tended to describe local institutional structures and programmes of events rather than theorising the importance of twinning as a global practice. Although producing a detailed picture of current twinning arrangements, existing research has thus glossed over the wider significance of twinning. In this paper, we argue that there is much to be gained from a more focused and sustained theoretical engagement with twinning. We do this by highlighting the twinning activities of the city of Manchester (UK), drawing out two key dimensions of twinning, namely, hospitality and relationality, which reveal twinning as a symptomatic urban process. In doing so we signpost the important contribution that research into twinning can make to broader debates within urban theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some commentators on globalisation and migration have suggested that a growing number of young, educated individuals regard moving overseas as a vehicle for pursing their project of self-realisation, whether imagined in terms of promoting careers or of the search for adventure and cultural variety or both. Drawing on the experiences of skilled migrants from EU countries living in Manchester, the paper examines the motives which induced them to migrate and suggests that economic constraints were often equally as or more significant in propelling them overseas and in influencing their choice of destination than their personal preferences. The paper then argues that their actual experiences abroad became much more significant to their life trajectories than earlier decisions. Most were propelled towards cosmopolitanism and greater world openness because of their exposure to, and involvement in, post-national relationships and intercultural encounters. Although these tended to push them even further away from their original national origins, thereby creating more scope for re-constructing a chosen life path, they also left them more exposed to, and dependent upon, these new relationships and cosmopolitan influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

England's Barclays Premier League is one of the most successful and wide-reaching sporting organizations in the world, attracting the best football players and managers from around the world as well as a global audience. Since its formation in 1992, the Premier League has focused on commercial success for both the League and its constituent clubs. This emphasis has brought tremendous change to English football as a whole. This case study analysis seeks to understand the perceptions and experiences of sports reporters tasked with covering these Premier League sides. These football journalists describe limited access brought on by the clubs' decisions to emphasize global brands and manage their own branded content through club-run websites and material. Respondents also perceive this limited access is exacerbated by increased multiculturalism and a growing culture of suspicion that widens the gulls between teams and the reporters who cover them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of the Euromarkets and the more gradual opening of the West German and other capital markets to external borrowers were significant events in the reglobalisation of financial markets beginning in the 1960s. Finding it increasingly difficult to borrow in the domestic British and US capital markets, the New Zealand government sought to take advantage of the Euromarkets. As well as providing an antipodean perspective on the early Euromarkets, this paper comments on developments in the City of London in the 1960s, and outlines the process by which a relatively inexperienced borrower set about building a communicating infrastructure that enabled relationships to be forged with overseas financial institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'internationalisation' of universities has recently become a keyword in many countries. With the progress of globalisation, the mobility of students and academic staff at universities has drastically increased in the past few decades. As a result, more universities are now trying to bring an international dimension to their institutions. While some universities are focusing on internationalising their curricula to meet the needs of a globalised society, others are emphasising the establishment of new collaboration agreements with foreign universities to raise their profiles further. These changes have made universities main players in the age of global knowledge competition, and consequently it has been important for universities to create solid international strategies in order to survive. In this context, the United Kingdom has probably been one of the most proactive countries in this field. This paper will examine the underlying concepts of internationalisation of universities in England. The aim of the research is to examine the different attitudes towards internationalisation between pre-1992 ('old' universities) and post-1992 (former polytechnic) universities, and to explore what kind of factors influenced their international strategies. This paper will also attempt to provide a possible explanation as to why higher education institutions in England are heading for internationalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the neglected issue in the 'globalisation' debate concerning the contraction and withdrawal of capital from the territories. The analysis is built upon consideration of the institutional architecture, state inter-relations and territoriality and nationality of capital. The paper concludes that historical evolution and contingency are critical to left analysis of the 'globalisation' of capital and may help to resist and contest regressive changes and lay the foundations of collaboration and alliance building for more progressive economic and social strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper sets itself the task of analyzing the effects globalization had on gender identities, by bridging two different worlds through the "eyes" of Jane Austen's female characters of Sense and Sensibility, and Pride and Prejudice. Even though considered outdated by some, the two novels are still enjoyed by a number of people who regard them as mere reflections or contradictions of what is happening nowadays in all areas of social, cultural and political life. Both novels have a contemporary version as they have been parodied and turned into modern stories with sea-monsters and zombies, but still preserving something from the elegance and mannerism typical for 19th century England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last 60 years three forms of mobility have played a crucial role in the process of home-making across London – global migration, suburbanisation and gentrification. While these mobilities have been extensively analysed in terms of secular processes, the role of religion is becoming ever more evident and this paper seeks to contribute to this growing understanding by analysing the involvement by different Christian churches in the making of multiple homes across the metropolis. Various aspects of this home-making process are explored – the ways in which Anglican churches have responded to global migration and gentrification, as well as the challenges of increasing ethnic and ritual diversity for Methodist and Catholic congregations. Religion is intimately involved in diverse crossings of spatial and cultural boundaries and the construction of multiple dwellings (immediate and virtual). While global migration, suburbanisation and gentrification operate here in specific local contexts across a particular city, these modes of mobility operate around the globe and encourage comparison with American and Australian cities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper forms part of a series of papers investigating how a handful of European regions responded, in most cases successfully, to deepening global economic integration during the period 1995−2005. This particular case considers the response of the English region comprising the territories of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Milton Keynes (the 'UKJ1 region') located to the immediate West and Northwest of Greater London. It investigates why this region was able to exploit deepening global integration as well as it did, even though it does not have a major urban centre at its territorial core. It also asks what lessons the region's experience holds for other European regions. The messages to emerge from the case study are that the UKJ1 region's success in leveraging these global flows is inextricably linked to its functional interdependence with Greater London and that, to the extent policy factors played a role in this integration process, central government policy-making played a significantly more important role than regional government policy making. The messages to other European regions then are: ( i) to consider and cultivate all kinds of links between regions on the periphery of major national urban centres and those urban centres themselves; and ( ii) to communicate clearly and forcefully the strengths and vulnerabilities of individual regions to the national level policy-makers responsible for the pace of global integration. Resumen. Este artículo forma parte de una serie que investiga el modo en que unas pocas regiones europeas respondieron, en la mayoría de casos de modo exitoso, a la consecución de una integración económica global más profunda en el periodo 1995-2005. Este caso en particular considera la respuesta de la región inglesa que incluye los territorios de Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire y Milton Keynes (la región 'UKJ1' en NUTS), inmediatamente vecinos al oeste y noroeste del Gran Londres. Se investiga por qué esta región fue capaz de explotar en mayor profundidad la integración global tan bien como lo hizo, aunque no tenga un centro urbano importante en el núcleo de su territorio. También se pregunta acerca de las lecciones que la experiencia de esta región puede aportar a otras regiones europeas. Los mensajes que emergen del estudio de caso son que el éxito de la región UKJ1 en cuanto a aprovecharse de estos flujos globales está inextricablemente vinculado a su interdependencia funcional con el Gran Londres y que, en tanto que varios factores políticos han jugado un papel en este proceso de integración, la formulación de políticas del gobierno central ha jugado un papel significativamente más importante que las políticas formuladas a escala regional. Las lecciones para otras regiones europeas son por tanto: (i) considerar y cultivar todo tipo de vínculo entre regiones en la periferia de los principales centros urbanos nacionales y de los propios centros urbanos; y (ii) comunicar de manera clara y enérgica las fortalezas y vulnerabilidades de cada región a los formuladores de políticas responsables del avance de la integración global. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities and regions in different political contexts might play different roles in building communities, but when the cities shrink, they share common elements of what can be characterized as a “shrinkage identity”. One well-documented element is the independence from the country political context and a certain dependence on the effects of globalization on local industries. It can be described as economic structural dependency. Two other potential elements received very little attention: social structural dependency (so-called instituted behaviour) and urban sprawl. Case studies from Germany and England and observations in Australia witness that these three elements are specifications of the same analogue on different levels: spatial mismatches of needs and urban functions. This paper poses questions related to the role of the spatial mismatch concept and particularly interrogates social structural dependencies and urban sprawl as examples. It suggests that the latter are certainly contributing to long-term urban shrinkage (as cause and effect) and that spatial mismatches in general are hardly discussed as reasons for it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors investigate the determinants of start-up financing in fifty-four countries, using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) surveys for the years 2001-6. They find that financial liberalization increases the total financial size of the individual start-up entrepreneurial project both via the increased use of external and of own funds. In addition, the volume of start-up finance responds positively to international capital inflows, as represented by loans from nonresident banks and remittances, and negatively to the volume of offshore deposits. The positive impact of remittances on total volume of start-up financing is via financing by the entrepreneur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cosmopolitanism has been described as the cultural habitus of globalisation. It is therefore, albeit defined somewhat loosely, often associated with ethnically diverse, global cities. This paper considers the extent to which London engenders cosmopolitan values amongst its residents. It draws on survey data from the LOCAL MULTIDEM study of minorities’ political participation to address these themes. The analysis examines perceptions of respect, belonging and geographical imaginaries—amongst established minorities and the ethnic majority—in north London. It is argued that cosmopolitan ethics are transformative and dialectical and, critically, cannot remain the preserve of the privileged in multi-ethnic neighbourhoods. The analysis presented demonstrates that a sense of belonging and cosmopolitan imaginaries are not evenly accessed by different ethnic groups; notably, that Bangladeshi Londoners who are born and bred in the city are less likely to appropriate these discourses than Caribbean, Indian or White residents. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper discusses the role of international travel in the shaping of mega-events such as the 2012 Olympic Games in London, England. The role of travel and tourism in the character of globalization is considered as an aspect of the spectacle that will accompany the Olympics. Issues relating to public relations and the impact of hosting the Olympic games on the international reputation of the host city are also considered.

The relationship between gentrification and globalisation has recently become a significant concern for gentrification scholars. This has involved developing an understanding of how gentrification has become a place-based strategy of class (re)formation during an era in which globalisation has changed sociological structures and challenged previously established indicators of social distinction. This paper offers an alternative reading of the relationship between gentrification and globalisation through examining the results of a mixed method research project which looked at new-build gentrification along the River Thames, London, UK. This research finds gentrification not to be distinguished by the gentrifer-performed practice of habitus within a ‘global context’. Rather, the responsibility for gentrification, and the relationship between globalisation and gentrification, is found to originate with capital actors working within the context of a neoliberal global city. In order to critically conceptualise this form of gentrification, and understand the role of globalisation within the process, the urban theory of Lefebvre is drawn upon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we argue that a process of super-gentrification, similar to that first identified by Lees (2003 Urban Studies 40 2487–509) in Brooklyn Heights, New York City, is occurring in the already gentrified, inner London neighbourhood of Barnsbury. A new group of super wealthy professionals working in the City of London is slowly imposing its mark on this inner London housing market in a way that differentiates it and them both from traditional gentrifiers and from the traditional urban upper classes. We suggest that there is a close interaction between work in the newly globalizing industries of the financial services economy, elite forms of education, particularly Oxbridge, and residence in Barnsbury which is very different from other areas of gentrified inner London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that key education policy initiatives since the introduction of the National Curriculum in the UK are Government-mediated responses to pressures in the global knowledge economy. Successful implementation of these policies has required a change in the way in which education institutions and professionals are controlled and managed. George Ritzer's ‘McDonaldization’ thesis, a conceptualization of a dominant form of economic and cultural globalization, is outlined and it is then argued that national education policy has led to the ‘McDonaldization’ of the state school education system in England. Benjamin Barber's concept of ‘McWorld’ is used to represent the consumerist world which a narrowed educational vision seeks to serve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper Philip Dowdall explores some of the ways in which the discourse of globalization has made itself apparent in the material and cultural fabric of London, and the psyches of the city's inhabitants. The author follows earlier attempts in this journal to describe and analyse the effects of contemporary processes of globalization on the city, and the consequences for those who occupy it (on London, see Michael Edwards and Doreen Massey, in CITY 5(1), for example). Drawing on literary and architectural representations of London from the 17th to the 19th-centuries, Dowdall points out some surprising but clear parallels between recent discourses on the city's global identity, championed by current Mayor Ken Livingstones attempts to redefine metropolitan identity, and earlier efforts to position London as a gateway to the world. The author sees the city as the focus of continuous self-conscious re-invention (340) and writes that 'Britain had to learn how to build globalization into the very foundations of [its] thinking some 300 years before Livingstone believed it to be a necessary means of survival in a competitive global economy'; arguing that the underlying essence of the discourse of globalization has changed little in the meantime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the authors explore data on environmental meanings, and the contextualisation of environmental concerns, that were obtained from a qualitative study of risks to health from air pollution. In-depth interviews were undertaken with 49 people living in two conurbations in north-east England. The findings highlight the importance of the local context (local history, experience, local knowledges and everyday existence) as an arena in which environmental meanings and concerns are constructed and negotiated, and how global environmental issues are also contextualised, and made sense of, within an explicitly local framework. These findings are used as a basis upon which to critically reflect upon the emphasis on globalisation within theoretical debates on 'risk society'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper draws together a number of themes concerned with managerialism, the labour process and the attempt to shape an educational settlement in post-compulsory education and training (PCET) in England. In particular it examines the place of managerialism as a central plank in the PCET settlement in which there is an attempt to construct a social bloc organised around these interests. This discussion involves an examination of the relationship between globalisation, economic relations, technicisation and managerialism itself. This analysis sits alongside an exploration of the relationship between these and state provision of education and welfare. These notions lead into a discussion of values, entrepreneurship, creativity and subjectivity. It is argued that an education system that sees itself as committed to the development of the creative problem solver poses real questions as to whether the social formation can solve the problems of our time. Paradoxically, whilst capitalism requires the value-creating capacity of labour and education is charged to develop this, this capacity is nevertheless one that can be used to debunk capitalist relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerable debate has occurred over whether ‘global cities’ are witnessing polarization of their labour forces into highly paid professionals and low paid personal service workers. This paper offers evidence on paid domestic labour in London, some of which occurs in the informal sector, and considers its potential significance for the polarization debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of information and communications technologies (IT) is playing a key role in transforming the nature of work. The link between IT and transformation is poorly understood, and further theoretical developments are needed to advance our current knowledge of this relationship. In this paper, we develop a conceptual scheme by drawing on and extending Giddens' social theory of transformation that relates changes in modern institutions to shifts in self-identity. We illustrate the value of these ideas in making sense of the introduction of an electronic trading system, LIMNET EPS, across the London Insurance Market. Furthermore, our case analyses suggest some practical implications on electronic trading and work transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper develops a comparative analysis of teacher education for vocational education and training in Scotland and England, which is set within a European context. A 'home international' intra-comparative framework is used for the study, identifying both strengths and weaknesses within both systems. A number of themes are identified and discussed within the study including the issues of governance, regulation, pedagogy and professionalisation. The findings indicate that both countries have responded in different ways to the pressures of neo-liberal competitiveness and globalisation, in particular by adopting different systems of governance and regulation. However, it is argued that although these differences are significant when viewed within a 'cross-border' setting, they also underline how both countries have by and large disengaged from European policy making in vocational education teacher training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on research conducted with men arriving from eastern Europe in London after the expansion of the EU in 2004, this article examines how migrants’ narratives of the city construct a counter-discourse to a ‘global’ London. It is argued that the use of ‘visual narratives’– a combination of participant-directed photography and semi-structured interviews as a methodology—allows for the exploration of embodied and material aspects of everyday lives in the city, which destabilise traditional urban pictorial approaches to the city. Such narratives of participants’ embodied movements through London relocate the observer as the everyday mobile-subject; they highlight the connections between urban and transnational mobilities; and they present participants’ constructions of different kinds of affective spaces in the city where they begin to negotiate home, belonging and return. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A seeming paradox of globalization is that while innovation and the industries and institutions that support it transcend local and national boundaries, high-tech innovative activity continues to agglomerate in a select number of high-capacity regions. Research, however, suggests that innovative regions must—through collaborative activity and related networks—both economize regional capacities while remaining open to global knowledge and finance. Collaboration and network formation are viewed as critical in this regard, as the competitive pressures of globalization are forcing firms to adopt collaborative and open innovation practices: forging relationships with external partners. Two important sources of knowledge and finance are regionally concentrated venture capital firms and large corporations, often globe-straddling multinational enterprises. While collaboration occurs between these two actors, an understanding of the processes and implications has only begun to emerge. Focusing on collaborative venture capital activity in London and the South East, this exploratory paper presents a preliminary understanding as to the role that this particular collaborative activity plays in the pursuit of complementary, extra-regional knowledge and expertise, and the extent to which this collaboration is recharacterizing the shape of regionally based venture capital networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relevance of Bourdieu's 1980 spatial theorisation in Le Sens Pratique (The Logic of Practice 1990, Polity Press, Cambridge) for understanding intercity relations in contemporary globalisation—specifically, interdependencies between Castells's 'space of flows' and 'places' in advanced business services. Bourdieu's relational concepts are reviewed with reference to evidence from in-depth interviews with business actors in London and Frankfurt at the time of European Economic Monetary Union. The intention is to deepen understanding of emergent relations between the cities and, in so doing, to contribute to the reinterpretation of Bourdieu's input to geographical thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Javnost-The Public is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents information on four papers discussed at the University of Nottingham conference held in June 2005. The papers focus on the determinants behind the decision making in global trade and the implications of globalization for firm-level adjustment. It states that the papers explains the three themes namely, exports, multinationals enterprises and outsourcing.

The author discusses the central role and place of the international office and how it evolved in university hierarchies brought by the changing nature of internationalisation. He elaborates the core strategies of the University of Exeter in England including internationalisation, education and research and substantial investment which played a number of delivery changes. He also demonstrates the need for a buy-in across the university for an effective internationalisation strategy.

This contribution argues that economic patriotism constitutes a specific form of managing the relationship between open borders and the political pressures of specific territorial units in an era of neo-liberal globalization. It focuses on the case of the City of London and shows how, in the period from 1997 to 2007, the state pursued specific strategies that would support the international position of the City in ways which were firstly within global and EU rules and secondly gave credibility to the claim that this support was beneficial to the whole of British society. The financial crisis undermined this credibility. Although the City has re-established its centrality to the UK economy and there is no obvious alternative, support for it can no longer be justified as an act of economic patriotism given the strength of criticism it has endured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before the establishment in the early 1800s of France's Sûreté Nationale and England's Scotland Yard, the detection of crimes was generally regarded as supernatural work, but the rise of modern science allowed mere mortals to systematize and categorize events—and thus to solve crimes. Reducing the amount of crime, however, did not reduce the fear of crime, which actually grew in the late-nineteenth century as the result of globalization and media sensationalism. Literary detectives offered an imaginary cure for an imaginary disease. Sherlock Holmes, the most famous literary detective, retained many of the characteristics that earlier ages had attributed to superhuman “detectives”; a wondrous and a social being, he nonetheless was able to reassure an anxious public that even the most heinous crimes could be solved. His ability to calm the fears of the globalizing Victorian era was an early version of what later became a proliferation of imaginary characters serving similar public functions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Globalization and advances in communications technology, notably satellite television and broadband Internet, have greatly expanded the potential marketplace for professional sport teams. As a result, many team brands profit from millions of satellite supporters worldwide. This study is the third in a series that explores why, and how, these foreign consumers support their chosen team. Through a mixed methods case study, satellite supporters highlighted the importance of seven primary antecedents in their initial identification with the English Premier League’s Liverpool FC: media coverage, style of play, presence of a particular player(s), team success, history of success, participation in the highest division and stadium. They also actively sought opportunities to support the team (and engage with the club and fellow fans) throughout the year, not solely during football season. Furthermore, satellite supporters expressed intense loyalty for, and appeared to derive psychological benefit from their support of, the foreign-based team. As such, satellite supporters present an opportunity for sport marketers to tap into a lucrative fan base and enhance their own team brands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When towns evolved they took on a unique style and character. Now, globalisation means that it is hard to tell one town from another. The same street furniture appears from San Francisco to Sydney, the same retail chains are represented in virtually every high street, and architects, inspired by innovation in other places, reproduce Barcelona in Barnsley or worse. Heart (Heritage Economic and Regeneration Trust) seeks to recapture local distinctiveness and to make special places special again by giving greater emphasis towhat made them special originally. Exploiting key attributes of 'place' in Norwich, and working with a range of local stakeholders, Heart has developed two local distinctiveness models: (a) Norwich 12 brings together twelve buildings which chart the history of English urban development over the last 1000 years and creates a collaborative family of cultural heritage destinations; (b) Norwich Lanes builds upon the dual qualities of heritage and independent retailing in a sector of the city to add value in terms of paving, signing, heritage interpretation, art, lighting and other measures, which together enhance the unique qualities of the destination and provide a transferable local distinctiveness pilot. Independent, post-project evaluations demonstrate that a high degree of economic, as well as social, environmental and cultural, benefit has been delivered. The author believes that these are transferable models that can be replicated in other parts of the UK and indeed the world to make special places distinctive and special again. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks at the formation of social groups of young Jews in present-day London. In order to analyse the creation of these groups, the focus is on the level of voluntary grassroots groups, which allows for an in-depth analysis of the creation and maintenance of the groups, as well as an analysis of the membership. However, as important as who participated as a member of the groups is to understand, understanding which Jews did not participate in the groups is also important, as this gives an insight into the faultlines and cleavages of Jewish identities in the present. The findings indicate that young Jews in London gather along the lines of a shared inner-Jewish ethnic subgroup and within this subgroup with co-ethnics who share similar attitudes, values and motivations. Furthermore, the findings indicate that present-day London Jews live within a heavily nationalised if not localised framework, because the goals of the groups are mainly local with a few national features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soccer fandom practices in England have been significantly impacted by globalization. The creation of the Premier League in 1992, and the way in which satellite television company BSkyB dominated coverage of this, together with other developments, have led to changes in how fans consume top-level English soccer. Whilst such global transformations are well documented in the sociology of soccer literature, the implications of the rise of the most advanced global form of communication - the Internet - on the practices of fans of English soccer clubs, have not been fully taken into account by academics. As such, the significance of the Internet as a site for fans to interact remains under-investigated. This article argues that online interactions between fans of English clubs need to be taken more seriously by academics if they are to more fully understand how soccer contributes to the maintenance of social identities in contemporary England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities and city regions are back on the research agenda in the UK. Taking the world city literature as a guide, this article uses advanced producer service firms to study contemporary inter-city relations in the UK space economy. We employ an interlocking network model, initially developed for global scale analysis, to assess signs that recent globalization is effecting a revival outside the London region, and to identify leading urban areas in the UK national economy. Two different analyses are presented: a connectivity analysis, which indicates how well cities and towns are linked into the UK space economy, and a fuzzy clustering analysis, which classifies the cities and towns in order to search out hierarchical and regional tendencies. From these findings, we identify two distinctive polycentric city-regional processes in contemporary Britain: a Jacobs-style polycentric mega-city regional process out of London, which creates new important service centres and reaches selected smaller cities and towns; and a polycentric multi-city regional process beyond London, which mainly enhances the service capacities of selected larger cities. A concluding section considers the implications of the two processes for spatial planning in the UK. Résumé Les villes et régions urbaines reviennent en force dans la recherche britannique. Orienté par les publications sur les villes mondiales, ce travail utilise les entreprises de services avancés à la production pour étudier les relations contemporaines entre villes dans l’économie spatiale britannique. À l’aide d’un modèle de maillage, mis au point à l’origine pour une analyse à l’échelon mondial, nous mesurons les signes indiquant que la récente mondialisation provoque une relance hors de la région de Londres et nous identifions les zones urbaines dominantes de l’économie nationale. Sont présentées deux analyses différentes: une analyse de la connectivité, montrant dans quelle mesure les villes et grandes villes sont reliées au sein de l’économie spatiale britannique, et une analyse des groupements flous qui classe villes et grandes villes afin de trouver les tendances hiérarchiques et régionales. À partir de ces résultats, sont identifiés deux processus distincts de région urbaine polycentrique dans la Grande-Bretagne contemporaine: un processus de méga-région urbaine polycentrique, proche de la description de Jacobs, à la périphérie de Londres, qui crée de nouveaux centres de services importants et atteint certaines villes et grandes villes plus petites; un processus de multi-région urbaine polycentrique au-delà de Londres, qui renforce principalement les capacités de services de certaines grandes villes. La conclusion étudie les implications des deux processus sur l’aménagement spatial au Royaume-Uni. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]