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The integration of a composite of porous medium with phase change material (PCM) offers significant advantages in thermal management systems, enhancing heat transfer efficiency and addressing various thermal regulation challenges. This approach utilizes the PCM's latent heat absorption and the enhanced thermal conductivity provided by the porous medium, resulting in optimized system performance. Its applicability spans across electronics cooling and building insulation systems. However, predicting the thermal behavior of this composite material is challenging, necessitating computational tools to anticipate its response under different conditions and evaluate its influence on cooling strategies. The objective of this study is to create a computational tool specifically tailored to evaluate constitutive parameters of this composite material, thereby providing a comprehensive description of its thermal behavior. To achieve this goal, the multiscale homogenization principle is employed to assess the composite's effective thermophysical material properties using the representative volume element approach. The repeating unit cell of the aluminum lattice is incorporated into the PCM to define a representative volume element. The finite element method (FEM) is utilized to solve the three-dimensional homogenization problem, yielding an orthotropic effective thermal conductivity due to the inherent symmetry of the repeating material cell. Moreover, the study leverages the apparent heat capacity method to effectively manage the phase transitions within the PCM domain, utilizing smooth and temperature-dependent functions to accurately describe the thermophysical properties of the PCM. Integrating the composite into battery pack thermal management, this study thoroughly examines thermal dynamics by comparing outcomes with and without PCM integration. The transient thermal problem is accurately tackled using the FEM, employing the evaluated effective constitutive parameters of the homogenized composite to minimize computational effort. The results indicate a notable decline in the highest temperatures of the battery pack, leading to a reduction of about 14 °C at the specific moment when the phase change material fully transitions into its liquid form. The obtained results emphasize the effectiveness and practical feasibility of the proposed thermal management strategy. The modeling approach presented provides a robust tool with significant efficiency in reducing computational time for analyzing the thermal behavior of large models, as the utilization of the homogenization technique notably decreases the computational time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Purpose: Seroma is a common complication after axillary dissection in women with node-positive breast cancer. We aim to determine the effect of Cyanoacrylate on reducing seroma formation in patients undergoing axillary dissection. This a randomized clinical trial. Methods: This is a single-center, randomized, single-blinded, and two-arm parallel study. Women with node-positive breast cancer eligible for axillary dissection were enrolled. Patients with a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than 35 kg/m2, those who underwent immediate breast reconstruction, and/or received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio, and were stratified according to their age, BMI, tumor size, and operation type. The primary endpoint was the total seroma volume (the total drained volume and the total aspirated volume after drain removal). Data presented as mean and range when applicable. Results: 111 patients were randomized (Cyanoacrylate 57; control 54). 105 patients were analyzed. Sixty-nine patients underwent breast conserving surgery, and 36 underwent modified radical mastectomy. There was no difference in the total seroma volume between the Cyanoacrylate vs. control arms (1,304 (60-4,950) vs. 1,446 (100-5,223) ml, p=0.458). Wound infection, flap necrosis, number of manual aspirates, and hematoma formation were not statistically different between the two groups. Time to drain removal was shorter in the Cyanoacrylate arm (11.04(3-23) vs. 13.84(3-37) days, p=0.015). The use of Cyanoacrylate was not cost effective ($586.93 (550-748) vs. $29.63 (0-198), p<0.001). Higher seroma volume was correlated with modified radical mastectomy, older age, and BMI more than 30 kg/m². Conclusion: Cyanoacrylate did not reduce seroma formation and its use was not cost effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The effect of antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications on the outcomes of sinus floor augmentation remains unclear. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from electronic medical records of consecutive patients undergoing sinus floor augmentation at a single medical center. Patients were categorized into three categories: patients under antiplatelet medications, patients under anticoagulation medications, and healthy individuals. Data collected included tobacco smoking, residual alveolar bone height, timing of implant placement, materials used, vertical bone gain, early implant failure (EIF), and complications such as Schneiderian membrane perforation and postoperative bleeding. Multivariable analysis was performed to assess risk factors for EIF. Statistical significance was considered below 5%. Results: Among 110 patients with 305 implants, EIF occurred in 10% of patients and 4.65% of implants. No significant difference in postoperative bleeding or EIF was found between study groups. Univariate and multivariable analyses highlighted tobacco smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 7.92), lower residual alveolar ridge height (OR = 0.81), and staged implant placement (OR = 4.64) as significant EIF risk factors in this cohort. Conclusions: Anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies do not significantly elevate the risk of EIF or postoperative bleeding following sinus floor augmentation. Tobacco smoking, residual alveolar ridge height and staged sinus floor augmentation were risk factors for EIF in patients using antiplatelet or anticoagulation medications undergoing sinus floor augmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Although minimally and noninvasive caries management are advocated in pediatric dentistry, extensive caries progression often requires endodontic treatment followed by crowning of the tooth. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the success of esthetic preformed zirconia crowns (PZCs) compared to the standard preformed metal crowns (PMCs) after pulpotomy in primary molars retrospectively. Method and materials: Patients' digital records in a specialized pediatric clinic in Germany were analyzed to include 2- to 9-year-olds, who had received one or more PMCs or PZCs after a pulpotomy between 2016 and 2020. The main outcomes were success, minorfailure (restoration loss, wear, or fracture), or major failure (need for extraction or pulpectomy). Results: In total, 151 patients with 249 teeth (PMC, n = 149; PZC, n = 100) were included. The mean follow-up time was (19.9 months), with 90.4% of the crowns fol-lowed for at least 18 months. The majority of the crowns were considered successful (94.4%). The differences in the success rates between PMCs (96%) and PZCs (92%) did not reach the level of statistical significance (P = .182). All minor failures (1.6%) were in the PZC group and located in the maxilla. Independent of crown type, especially first primary molars were prone to failure (7.9%; second primary molars, 3.3%). Conclusion: PMCs and PZCs both show high clinical success rates as restorations of primary teeth after a pulpotomy. However, there was a tendency of greater minor or major failure in the PZC group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most autoinflammatory diseases are caused by mutations in innate immunity genes. Previously, four variants in the RHO GTPase CDC42 were discovered in patients affected by syndromes generally characterized by neonatal-onset of cytopenia and auto-inflammation, including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and rash in the most severe form (NOCARH syndrome). However, the mechanisms responsible for these phenotypes remain largely elusive. Here, we show that the recurrent p.R186C CDC42 variant, which is trapped in the Golgi apparatus, elicits a block in both anterograde and retrograde transports. Consequently, it favours STING accumulation in the Golgi in a COPI-dependent manner. This is also observed for the other Golgi-trapped p.*192 C*24 CDC42 variant, but not for the p.Y64C and p.C188Y variants that do not accumulate in the Golgi. We demonstrate that the two Golgi-trapped CDC42 variants are the only ones that exhibit overactivation of the STING pathway and the type I interferon response, and elicit endoplasmic reticulum stress. Consistent with these results, patients carrying Golgi-trapped CDC42 mutants present very high levels of circulating IFNα at the onset of their disease. In conclusion, we report further mechanistic insights on the impact of the Golgi-trapped CDC42 variants. This increase in STING activation provides a rationale for combination treatments for these severe cases. Mutations in the RHO GTPase CDC42 have been associated with autoinflammatory diseases. In this study, the authors investigate how two distinct mutations, which trap CDC42 in the Golgi apparatus, are specifically associated with hyperactivation of the STING pathway and the type I interferon response, as well as the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Home demolition is one of the issues that the Palestinian community faces as a result of Israeli procedures that can impact Palestinian mental health. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and stress among Palestinian citizens whose homes were demolished. Materials and methods: A comparative cross-sectional design was adopted using a purposive sample of home demolished versus not home demolished Palestinian people. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) were used to assess the participants' levels of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and stress. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 25, was applied to the statistical analysis. Results: This study showed that PTSD levels among people whose homes were demolished are significantly high, with a mean of 3.2, which could be indicative of a clinical concern. However, the PTSD level in the comparison group had no significance, with a mean of 1.48. Stress, depression, and anxiety levels were represented as 32.71, in their means, 32.61, and 32.08, respectively, among home-demolished people, compared to stress 18.46, depression 15.87, and anxiety 13.06 among the non home demolished group. Conclusions: This study is one of the few that sheds light on one of the disadvantaged groups who suffer from home demolition and the severe mental problems that affect them, including PTSD, stress, depression, and anxiety). Furthermore, many related risk factors were studied in this research. As a future recommendation, further research is needed in this field, especially among disadvantaged groups. Stakeholders need to take action to improve the health system in Palestine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims The role of biomarker testing in the management of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is not well defined. This pre-specified analysis of SEQUOIA-HCM (NCT05186818) sought to define the associations between clinical characteristics and baseline concentrations of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), and to evaluate the effect of treatment with aficamten on biomarker concentrations. Methods Cardiac biomarkers were measured at baseline and serially throughout the study. Regression analyses determined predictors of baseline NT-proBNP and hs-cTnI concentrations, and evaluated whether early changes in these biomarkers relate to later changes in left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOT-G), other echocardiographic measures, health status, and functional capacity. Results Baseline concentration of NT-proBNP was associated with LVOT-G and measures of diastolic function, while hs-cTnI was associated with left ventricular thickness. Within 8 weeks of treatment with aficamten, NT-proBNP was reduced by 79% (95% confidence interval 76%–83%, P <.001) and hs-cTnI by 41% (95% confidence interval 32%–49%, P <.001); both biomarkers reverted to baseline after washout. Reductions in NT-proBNP and hs-cTnI by 24 weeks were strongly associated with a lowering of LVOT-G, improvement in health status, and increased peak oxygen uptake. N-Terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide reduction strongly correlated with the majority of improvements in exercise capacity. Furthermore, the change in NT-proBNP by Week 2 was associated with the 24-week change in key endpoints. Conclusions N-Terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and hs-cTnI concentrations are associated with key variables in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Serial measurement of NT-proBNP and hs-cTnI appears to reflect clinical response to aficamten therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a tumour target currently used for the development of novel therapeutic modalities, such as antibody-drug conjugates, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies, and others. Success of these new drugs depends on the selection of relevant indications based on ROR1 tumour prevalence, staining heterogeneity, and subcellular localization, among other parameters. We investigated ROR1 immunophenotype using validated antibody clones for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry (FC), analyzing 292 tumour specimens from 7 haematological malignancies and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) as a reference solid tumour indication. ROR1 prevalence varied significantly across distinct tumour types, showing 100% of ROR1 positivity in all chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (n = 48) and hairy cell leukaemia (n = 14) specimens analyzed via FC with ranges between 1.1–99.8% and 0.8–62.1%, respectively. Samples analysed via IHC showed ROR1 membrane/cytoplasmic positivity in 44% of mantle cell lymphoma tumour samples (n = 27; H-score range: 10–285 in positive cases); 30% in TNBC (n = 46; H-score range: 1–200); 15% in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 45; H-score: 40–250); and 11% in follicular lymphoma (n = 34; H-score: 2–300). Finally, all acute myeloid leukaemia (n = 52) and most T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 31/32) tested samples were negative for ROR1 via IHC. In conclusion, ROR1 shows a heterogeneous tumour cell expression profile across multiple leukaemias and lymphomas, making it a tumour target that would require different patient selection strategies to develop novel therapeutic modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This viewpoint aims to provide an overview of graduate employability in Lebanon from the perspective of the Dean of Olayan School of Business at the American University of Beirut, who is a reputable academic leader heading a world-ranked business school. The discussion also looks at the external factors that affect graduate employability in Lebanon with direct references to the Covid-19 pandemic and the economic crisis. Design/methodology/approach: Through conversation with the Dean of a prominent business school in Lebanon, this viewpoint discusses several topics pertaining to the concept of graduate employability. Findings: To boost graduate employability the focus should be on developing the curriculum, engaging with the alumni network, exploiting the board of governors and building on the school's reputation and legacy. Originality/value: Crises do offer new opportunities. Covid-19 pandemic has prepared employers to accept the idea of remote working, which has helped in boosting graduate employability in Lebanon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein kinase A (PKA) neuronal function is controlled by the interaction of a regulatory (R) subunit dimer with two catalytic subunits. Recently, the L50R variant in the gene encoding the RIβ subunit was identified in individuals with a novel neurodegenerative disease. However, the mechanisms driving the disease phenotype remained unknown. In this study, we generated a mouse model carrying the RIβ-L50R mutation to replicate the human disease phenotype and study its progression with age. We examined post-mortem brains of affected individuals as well as live cell cultures. Employing biochemical assays, immunohistochemistry and behavioural assessments, we investigated the impact of the mutation on PKA complex assembly, protein aggregation and neuronal degeneration. We reveal that RIβ is an aggregation-prone protein that progressively accumulates in wildtype and Alzheimer's mouse models with age, while aggregation is accelerated in the RIβ-L50R mouse model. We define RIβ-L50R as a causal mutation driving an age-dependent behavioural and disease phenotype in human and mouse models. Mechanistically, this mutation disrupts RIβ dimerization, leading to aggregation of its monomers. Intriguingly, interaction with the catalytic subunit protects the RIβ-L50R from self-aggregating, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, cAMP signaling induces RIβ-L50R aggregation. The pathophysiological mechanism elucidated here for a newly recognized neurodegenerative disease, in which protein aggregation is the result of disrupted homodimerization, sheds light on a remarkably under-appreciated but potentially common mechanism across several neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutron activated concrete reference material for measurement of residual radioactivity by gamma-ray spectrometry has been prepared. The main radionuclides were 60Co, 152Eu, 54Mn, 154Eu and 134Cs. One-way ANOVA homogeneity test has shown that the samples are homogeneous. The activity concentrations of 54Mn, 59Fe, 154Eu and 134Cs were relatively low; only 60Co activity concentration was found to be higher therefor it was considered as the main target isotope. The prepared sample can be used as a tool to prove compliance to radiation protection and environmental regulations during decommissioning of cyclotron buildings or other irradiation facilities that produce residual radioactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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With the increasing focus on sustainable development, the exploration of renewable and environmentally friendly resources for product synthesis has become paramount. This study aims to investigate the production of dihydroxystearic acid through the in situ hydrolysis of epoxidized oleic acid. Epoxidation of oleic acid was achieved through the utilization of in situ generated performic acid, resulting in the production of epoxidized oleic acid. The synthesis of performic acid involved the combination of formic acid as an oxygen carrier and hydrogen peroxide as an oxygen donor. A maximum epoxide yield of 65% was attained at an optimum reaction time of 30 min. Hydrochloric acid was found to be the most efficient catalyst. A kinetics study was also done using the genetic algorithm to find the reaction rate of dihydroxystearic acid production. The difference between simulation and experimental results was less than 0.1%, which is insignificant. The findings highlight the potential of utilizing renewable resources for the synthesis of high-value compounds, promoting a greener and more sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) is an emerging theranostic target that is highly expressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts and on certain tumor cells including sarcoma. We investigated the anti-tumor efficacy of [225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 as monotherapy or in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in immunocompetent murine models of sarcoma sensitive or resistant to ICB. Methods: [68Ga]Ga- and [225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 were tested in subcutaneous FAP+ FSA fibrosarcoma bearing C3H/Sed/Kam mice. The efficacy of up to three cycles of 60 kBq [225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 was evaluated as monotherapy and in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody. Efficacy of [225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 and/or ICB was further compared in FAP-overexpressing FSA (FSA-F) tumors that were sensitive to ICB or rendered ICB-resistant by tumor-induction in the presence of Abatacept. Results: [225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 was well tolerated up to 3 × 60 kBq but had minimal effect on FSA tumor growth. The combination of three cycles [225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 and ICB resulted in growth delay in 55% of mice (6/11) and partial tumor regression in 18% (2/11) of mice. In FSA-F tumors with FAP overexpression, both [225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 and ICB were effective without additional benefits from the combination. In locally immunosuppressed and ICB resistant FAP-F tumors, however, [225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 restored responsiveness to ICB, resulting in significant tumor regression and tumor-free survival of 56% of mice in the combination group up to 60 days post treatment. Conclusion: [225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 efficacy is correlated with tumoral FAP expression levels and can restore responsiveness to PD-1 ICB. These data illustrate that careful patient selection based on target expression and rationally designed combination therapies are critically important to maximize the therapeutic impact of FAP-targeting radioligands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Denosumab is a monoclonal anti-RANKL antibody that inhibits bone resorption, increases bone mass, and reduces fracture risk. Denosumab discontinuation causes an extensive wave of rebound resorption, but the cellular mechanisms remain poorly characterized. We utilized in situ hybridization (ISH) as a direct approach to identify the cells that activate osteoclastogenesis through the RANKL/OPG pathway. ISH was performed across species, skeletal sites, and following recombinant OPG (OPG:Fc) and parathyroid hormone 1–34 (PTH) treatment of mice. OPG:Fc treatment in mice induced an increased expression of RANKL mRNA mainly in trabecular, but not endocortical bone surface cells. Additionally, a decreased expression of OPG mRNA was detected in bone surface cells and osteocytes of both compartments. A similar but more pronounced effect on RANKL and OPG expression was seen one hour after PTH treatment. These findings suggest that bone surface cells and osteocytes conjointly regulate the activation of osteoclastogenesis, and that OPG:Fc treatment induces a local accumulation of osteoclastogenic activation sites, ready to recruit and activate osteoclasts upon treatment discontinuation. Analysis of publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data from murine bone marrow stromal cells revealed that Tnfsf11+ cells expressed high levels of Mmp13, Limch1, and Wif1, confirming their osteoprogenitor status. ISH confirmed co-expression of Mmp13 and Tnfsf11 in bone surface cells of both vehicle- and OPG:Fc-treated mice. Under physiological conditions of human/mouse bone, RANKL is expressed mainly by osteoprogenitors proximate to the osteoclasts, while OPG is expressed mainly by osteocytes and bone-forming osteoblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Home demolition is one of the issues that the Palestinian community faces as a result of Israeli procedures that can impact Palestinian mental health. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and stress among Palestinian citizens whose homes were demolished. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional design was adopted using a purposive sample of home demolished versus not home demolished Palestinian people. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) were used to assess the participants' levels of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and stress. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 25, was applied to the statistical analysis. Results: This study showed that PTSD levels among people whose homes were demolished are significantly high, with a mean of 3.2, which could be indicative of a clinical concern. However, the PTSD level in the comparison group had no significance, with a mean of 1.48. Stress, depression, and anxiety levels were represented as 32.71, in their means, 32.61, and 32.08, respectively, among home-demolished people, compared to stress 18.46, depression 15.87, and anxiety 13.06 among the non home demolished group. Conclusions: This study is one of the few that sheds light on one of the disadvantaged groups who suffer from home demolition and the severe mental problems that affect them, including PTSD, stress, depression, and anxiety). Furthermore, many related risk factors were studied in this research. As a future recommendation, further research is needed in this field, especially among disadvantaged groups. Stakeholders need to take action to improve the health system in Palestine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Home demolition is one of the issues that the Palestinian community faces as a result of Israeli procedures that can impact Palestinian mental health. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and stress among Palestinian citizens whose homes were demolished. Materials and methods: A comparative cross-sectional design was adopted using a purposive sample of home demolished versus not home demolished Palestinian people. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) were used to assess the participants' levels of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and stress. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 25, was applied to the statistical analysis. Results: This study showed that PTSD levels among people whose homes were demolished are significantly high, with a mean of 3.2, which could be indicative of a clinical concern. However, the PTSD level in the comparison group had no significance, with a mean of 1.48. Stress, depression, and anxiety levels were represented as 32.71, in their means, 32.61, and 32.08, respectively, among home-demolished people, compared to stress 18.46, depression 15.87, and anxiety 13.06 among the non home demolished group. Conclusions: This study is one of the few that sheds light on one of the disadvantaged groups who suffer from home demolition and the severe mental problems that affect them, including PTSD, stress, depression, and anxiety). Furthermore, many related risk factors were studied in this research. As a future recommendation, further research is needed in this field, especially among disadvantaged groups. Stakeholders need to take action to improve the health system in Palestine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Multi-omics has become a crucial tool in cancer biomarker discovery over the last decade, including for prostate cancer. This approach integrates data from various biological layers, enhancing our understanding of complex, heterogeneous cancers. Multi-omics accelerates precision medicine by identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, potentially improving treatment options for advanced prostate cancer patients. This review discusses traditional prostate cancer biomarkers and highlights recent single-omics and multi-omics advances that have improved clinical diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Prostate cancer remains a significant health challenge, being the most prevalent non-cutaneous cancer in men worldwide. This review discusses the critical advancements in biomarker discovery using single-omics and multi-omics approaches. Multi-omics, integrating genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and epigenomic data, offers a comprehensive understanding of the molecular heterogeneity of prostate cancer, leading to the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This holistic approach not only enhances the specificity and sensitivity of prostate cancer detection but also supports the development of personalized treatment strategies. Key studies highlighted include the identification of novel genes, genetic mutations, peptides, metabolites, and potential biomarkers through multi-omics analyses, which have shown promise in improving prostate cancer management. The integration of multi-omics in clinical practice can potentially revolutionize prostate cancer prognosis and treatment, paving the way for precision medicine. This review underscores the importance of continued research and the application of multi-omics to overcome current challenges in prostate cancer diagnosis and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Carotenoids are present throughout retina and body its dense deposition leads to an identifiable yellow spot in the macula. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) measured in the macula is vital to macular well-being and high-resolution visual acuity. MPOD has also been associated with various health and disease states. We sought to review the literature on this topic and summarize MPODs role as a measurable modifiable clinical biomarker, particularly as a measure of the eye's antioxidant capacity in the context of oxidative damage and retinal ischemia. Methods: A literature review collated the articles relevant to MPOD, carotenoid intake or supplementation, and their influence on various health and disease states. Results: Literature reveals that MPOD can serve as a reliable biomarker for assessing the retinal defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and the deleterious effects of excessive light exposure. Elevated MPOD levels offer robust protection against the onset and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a prevalent cause of vision impairment among the elderly population. MPOD's implications in diverse ocular conditions, including diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma, have been explored, underscoring the real need for clinical measurement of MPOD. The integration of MPOD measurement into routine eye examinations presents an unparalleled opportunity for early disease detection, precise treatment planning, and longitudinal disease monitoring. Conclusions: Longitudinal investigations underscore the significance of MPOD in the context of age-related ocular diseases. These studies show promise and elucidate the dynamic nuances of MPOD's status and importance as a measurable, modifiable clinical biomarker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The phase 3 NEURO-TTRansform trial showed eplontersen treatment for 65 weeks reduced transthyretin (TTR), halted progression of neuropathy impairment, and improved quality of life (QoL) in adult patients with hereditary TTR-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (ATTRv-PN), vs. historical placebo. Methods: NEURO-TTRansform enrolled patients with ATTRv-PN. A subset of patients were randomized to receive subcutaneous inotersen 300 mg weekly (Weeks 1–34) and subsequently switched to subcutaneous eplontersen 45 mg every 4 weeks (Weeks 37–81). Change in serum TTR and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were evaluated through Week 85. Effects on neuropathy impairment, QoL, and nutritional status were also evaluated. Results: Of 24 patients randomized to inotersen, 20 (83%) switched to eplontersen at Week 37 and four discontinued due to AEs/investigator decision. Absolute change in serum TTR was greater after switching from inotersen (−74.3%; Week 35) to eplontersen (−80.6%; Week 85). From the end of inotersen treatment, neuropathy impairment and QoL were stable (i.e., did not progress) while on eplontersen, and there was no deterioration in nutritional status. TEAEs were fewer with eplontersen (Weeks 37–85; 19/20 [95%] patients) compared with inotersen (up to Week 35; 24/24 [100%] patients). Mean platelet counts decreased during inotersen treatment (mean nadir reduction ‒40.7%) and returned to baseline during eplontersen treatment (mean nadir reduction, ‒3.2%). Conclusions: Switching from inotersen to eplontersen further reduced serum TTR, halted disease progression, stabilized QoL, restored platelet count, and improved tolerability, without deterioration in nutritional status. This supports a positive benefit-risk profile for patients with ATTRv-PN who switch from inotersen to eplontersen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dopamine's role as the principal neurotransmitter in motor functions has long been accepted. We broaden this conventional perspective by demonstrating the involvement of non-dopaminergic mechanisms. In mouse models of Parkinson's disease, we observed that L- DOPA elicited a substantial motor response even when its conversion to dopamine was blocked by inhibiting the enzyme aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). Remarkably, the motor activity response to L- DOPA in the presence of an AADC inhibitor (NSD1015) showed a delayed onset, yet greater intensity and longer duration, peaking at 7 h, compared to when L- DOPA was administered alone. This suggests an alternative pathway or mechanism, independent of dopamine signalling, mediating the motor functions. We sought to determine the metabolites associated with the pronounced hyperactivity observed, using comprehensive metabolomics analysis. Our results revealed that the peak in motor activity induced by NSD1015/ L- DOPA in Parkinson's disease mice is associated with a surge (20-fold) in brain levels of the tripeptide ophthalmic acid (also known as ophthalmate in its anionic form). Interestingly, we found that administering ophthalmate directly to the brain rescued motor deficits in Parkinson's disease mice in a dose-dependent manner. We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying ophthalmate's action and discovered, through radioligand binding and cAMP-luminescence assays, that ophthalmate binds to and activates the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). Additionally, our findings demonstrated that a CaSR antagonist inhibits the motor-enhancing effects of ophthalmate, further solidifying the evidence that ophthalmate modulates motor functions through the activation of the CaSR. The discovery of ophthalmate as a novel regulator of motor function presents significant potential to transform our understanding of brain mechanisms of movement control and the therapeutic management of related disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of nanoparticles as drug‐carrying systems in medicine has received much attention, and on the other hand, the use of plants with medicinal properties has advantages over synthetic drugs. This study aims to improve the antibacterial and anti‐biofilm properties of Euphorbia hebecarpa plant extract using chitosan nanoparticles. Extraction were performed using the modified maceration and methanol solvent. The agar disc diffusion method was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial effects and MIC at an optical density (OD) of 630 nm. The anti‐biofilm agent's influence was measured at OD 570 nm, and the metabolic activity of bacteria in the damaged biofilm was determined using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The nanoparticles were obtained by following the ionic gelation method and its characteristics were evaluated. Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with plant extract were found to be spherical shape with hydrodynamic diameter of 142 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.184, a zeta potential of +28.6 mV. It was determined that the loading capacity (% LC) and encapsulation efficiency (% EE) percentages were 33% and 40%, respectively. The diameter of the inhibition zone in the agar disc diffusion test for both bacteria using nanoparticles loaded with the extract increased compared with control groups. Also, at a concentration of 4 mg/mL of loaded nanoparticles, 49.33% of Escherichia coli biofilm and 62.7% of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm were destroyed. The data obtained from the tests performed in this study show that the use of Euphorbia plant extract in the form of chitosan nanoparticles can have more antimicrobial and anti‐biofilm effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize is widely growth in arid and semi-arid region where, drought is common and a limiting factor for crop production. Potassium plays a key role in enhancing plant growth under drought condition. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of K fertilization with and without NP on maize growth grown in sandy loam soil under adequate and deficit irrigation conditions. The following treatments were investigated in pot experiment: (1) control with no fertilizer application (C); (2) 128 kg N + 328 kg P2O5 ha-1 (NPK0); (3) 128 kg N + 328 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 152.5 kg K2O ha1 (NPK1); (4) 128 kg N + 328 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 305 kg K2O ha-1 (NPK2); and 128 kg N + 328 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 457.5 kg K2O ha-1 (NPK3). Treatments were investigated under adequate and deficit soil moisture content. Each pot filled with 3.5 kg air-dry soil and seeded with maize and pots were watered according to the treatments. The results indicated that plant growth and nutrient uptake were significantly reduced under water stress condition. The application of NP increased plant growth and nutrient uptake and further were increased with K application. K application also enhanced plant tolerance to deficit soil moisture condition. In addition, K enhanced nutrient uptake and leaf chlorophyll content. Based on the results, it can be concluded that application of NP for maize was not adequate to achieve the highest plant growth, unless it is combined with K application. In addition, K application enhances plant tolerance to water stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correction notice addresses errors in Fig. 1 and Table 1 of the original article titled "Distinguishing Turkish pine honey from multi-floral honey through MALDI-MS-based N-glycomics and machine learning." The corrections ensure that the mass peaks and column headers are accurately represented. The highlighted glycans in the corrected table indicate statistical significance and are selected for machine learning analysis to differentiate between pine honey and multi-floral honey. The correction has been made by the authors and the publisher, Springer Nature, remains neutral in this matter. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: Finance continuously evolves as the technological innovation progresses in the society. Numerous prior studies have discussed emerging financial services due to this innovation. However, limited scholarly work has evaluated the trends and state of the art of financial innovation. Therefore, this study aims to review recent literature on financial innovation by using a bibliometric and content-analysis approach. Design/methodology/approach: Documents for this study are sampled from financial innovation, a journal focusing on recent innovations in finance. A total of 354 peer-reviewed articles published in eight years (2015–2022) are first examined and mapped using the bibliometrix package in RStudio software. Furthermore, content analysis was performed to investigate the adopted research methods and types, and produce directions for future studies. Findings: The trend of financial innovation research kept increasing, with China as the leader in publication quantity, affiliation productivity and paper citation acquisition. Topics related to "FinTech," "Bitcoin" and "Covid-19" have been the most discussed topics by financial innovation researchers. FinTech and Bitcoin studies are expected to grow in emerging countries like China, India and Pakistan. The study also indicates that most financial innovation studies use quantitative research methods and are categorized as empirical papers. Originality/value: This study contributes to the finance literature by comprehensively evaluating current research on financial innovation using one specific journal in the field. Also, this study examines financial innovation literature using different approaches from previous bibliometric financial innovation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bordetella pertussis infection is a highly contagious respiratory disease that can cause complications such as pneumonia and death. A total of 62,646 cases of pertussis worldwide were reported by WHO in 2022. This study aimed to obtain the pertussis seroprevalence and sociodemographic data in children aged 1–14 years and its association factors in the community based on Riskesdas 2013 and 2018. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was carried out on data from 12,753 children aged 1–14 years collected from Riskesdas 2013 and 2018 in Indonesia. Pertussis serology data was obtained based on the results of the ELISA examination which was categorized as seropositive if anti-pertussis toxin IgG ≥ 100 IU/mL or anti-pertussis IgG > 11 NTU. Pertussis seropositive indicated recent pertussis infection if no pertussis vaccine was received within the last twelve months. Pertussis seroprevalence was found at 9.8% and 33.4% in Riskesdas 2013 and 2018 respectively. While 10.1% of children aged 5–14 years were found pertussis seropositive by excluding the possible effect of vaccination in the last twelve months in Riskesdas 2013. The most important associated factor in seropositive pertussis at ages 1–4 years and 5–14 years was a history of pneumonia in the last month (OR = 2.709, 95%CI: 2.592–2.831 in Riskesdas 2013 and OR = 2.421, 95%CI: 2.299–2.550 in Riskesdas 2018). In the adjusted analysis for respondents' characteristics, low maternal education was the predictive factor that most influenced pertussis seropositivity, especially in the 2013 Riskesdas (APOR = 2.983, 95%CI: 2.670–3.333). In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the seroprevalence of pertussis was high, especially in children aged 5–14 years, so that pertussis vaccine booster administration could be considered. Because the most influencing factor towards pertussis seropositive was low maternal education, the groups of children with low-educated mothers should be targets for strengthening complete vaccination coverage and disease control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke. An important strategy in controlling hypertension is dietary modification. The present study evaluates the effect of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on the risk of ischemic stroke. Methods: A case–control study was carried out, including 214 ischemic stroke cases recruited within the first 48 h of diagnosis and 214 controls, divided equally into hospitalized and non-hospitalized participants. Controls were matched to cases based on age and gender. Socio-demographic characteristics were assessed, in addition to adherence to the DASH diet, which was measured using a preconstructed DASH diet index (ranging from 0 (lowest) to 11 (highest)). For stroke patients, Modified Rankin Score (mRS) was measured to assess disability. Results: Smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and myocardial infarction were significantly associated with ischemic stroke (p < 0.001). Higher adherence to the DASH diet was correlated to lower rates of stroke, where cases scored 5.042 ± 1.486 compared to 6.654 ± 1.471 for controls (p < 0.001). Eating more grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, nuts, seeds, and beans, and lower levels of fat, fewer sweets, and less sodium were associated with lower rates of ischemic stroke (p = 0.038 for sweets and p < 0.001 for all the remaining), while meat, poultry, and fish did not have any significant effect (p = 0.46). A multivariate analysis showed that lower adherence to the DASH diet (p < 0.001, OR: 0.526, CI95% 0.428–0.645) was associated with a higher incidence of ischemic stroke and an increased likelihood of having high disability levels (mRS 5–6) (p = 0.041, OR: 2.49 × 10−8, CI95% 0–2.49 × 10−8). Conclusions: The relation between the DASH diet and risk of stroke highlights the necessity for strict adherence to dietary restrictions, suggesting a protective role for the DASH diet in stroke pathogenesis and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malware attacks have a cascading effect, causing financial harm, compromising privacy, operations and interrupting. By preventing these attacks, individuals and organizations can safeguard the valuable assets of their operations, and gain more trust. In this paper, we propose a dual convolutional neural network (DCNN) based architecture for malware classification. It consists first of converting malware binary files into 2D grayscale images and then training a customized dual CNN for malware multi-classification. This paper proposes an efficient approach for malware classification using dual CNNs. The model leverages the complementary strengths of a custom structure extraction branch and a pre-trained ResNet-50 model for malware image classification. By combining features extracted from both branches, the model achieved superior performance compared to a single-branch approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several low-cost adsorbents, including orange mesocarp (OMS), Bengal gram husk (BGH), and Khangar, were investigated for their capability to absorb chromium hexavalent ions from synthetic solutions. Process parameters like pH, dose of the adsorbent, concentration of metal ions, and the time they remain in contact were used to calculate the equilibrium adsorption levels. The most crucial factor for removing Cr(VI) ions was observed to be pH. The highest removal for Cr(VI) was determined to be 87%, 90%, and 92%, for OMS, BGH, and Khangar adsorbents respectively. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was observed to be the best fitted, with regression values (R2) of 0.988, 0.974, and 0.989 for OMS, BGH, and Khangar, separately. The kinetic study of Cr(VI) was best expressed with pseudo-second-order. Adsorption process was found to be endothermic and spontaneous in nature with enthalpy (ΔH0) of 48.74, 52.54, and 53.68 KJ mol−1 and entropy of 48.95, 52.78, and 53.93 KJ K−1mol−1 for OMS, BGH, and Khangar respectively. Also, the possible use of OMS, BGH, and Khangar for Cr(VI) ion removal is indicated by the possibility of reusing adsorbents successfully up to three times. According to the study out of the three adsorbents, Khangar was observed to be the most efficient adsorbent for extracting Cr(VI) ions from an aqueous medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of N‐(4‐methyl‐2‐pyridinyl)‐P,P‐diphenylphosphinous amide ligand 4‐Me‐C5H3N‐2‐NH(PPh2) (1) with M(CO)6 (M=Cr, Mo, W) in refluxing toluene afforded a mononuclear group VIB metal tetracarbonyls [M(CO)4{1‐κ2P,N}] (M=Cr(2), Mo(3), W(4)). Complexes 2–4 were characterized by multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C and 31P NMR) and IR spectroscopy, and their structures were also determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. 2 and 4 represent the first examples of structurally characterized complexes of such ligands with group 6B metal carbonyls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study is to assess the short-term survivorship of a new cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA) design in comparison to its cemented predecessor design in a young patient cohort less than 65 years of age. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all primary TKAs (cemented and cementless) in patients under the age of 65 at the time of the index procedure, in a single institution between May 2018 and May 2019. Primary outcome variables included aseptic revision and all-cause revision. Operative time was a secondary variable. Independent variables considered included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, implant type (cruciate-retaining (CR) or posterior-stabilised (PS)) and the use of cemented or cementless implants. Results: There were 106 cemented TKAs and 152 cementless TKAs (Triathlon, Stryker Inc, Mahwah, NJ) implanted. The minimum follow-up for all cases was 2 years (mean cementless 32.5 months, mean cemented 34.9 months). Of the entire 258 implants only 2 were revised. Both revisions occurred in the cemented cohort for prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The all-cause revision rate in the cementless cohort was 0% compared to 1.8% in the cemented cohort (p = 0.168). Operative times were significantly reduced from 62 min in the cemented cohort to 52.2 min in the cementless cohort (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In a young patient cohort, the cementless Triathlon TKA demonstrates excellent survivorship at short-term follow-up with significant reductions in operative times when compared to the cemented Triathlon TKA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this study was to report safety and efficacy of aficamten in patients with non‐obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (nHCM) over 36 weeks in the ongoing FOREST‐HCM trial. Methods and results: Patients were started on aficamten 5 mg daily, with doses adjusted in 5‐mg increments (5–20 mg) at ≥2‐week intervals according to site‐read left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Aficamten dose was increased if LVEF ≥55%, maintained if LVEF 50–54%, decreased if LVEF 40–<50%, and temporarily interrupted if LVEF <40%. Safety and efficacy were assessed over 36 weeks. Overall, 34 patients were enrolled (mean age 57.2 ± 15.3 years, 62% female, 41% in New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III). Over 36 weeks, 82.3% achieved 15–20 mg daily dose and there was a modest reduction in LVEF by −4.3% ± 5.2 from 70% ± 6.1 (p < 0.0001). At Week 36, NYHA class improved by ≥1 class in 27 (79.4%) patients. Mean Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary score improved by 13.8 ± 12.5 points relative to baseline. Median (interquartile range) levels of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide were significantly improved from baseline (−665.5 pg/ml [−1244.0, −232.0]; p < 0.0001), while high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I was unchanged (−2.7 ng/L [−11.3, 1.6]; p = 0.25). There were no drug discontinuations due to adverse events. LVEF <50% occurred in 2 (5.9%) patients, one following pulmonary vein isolation and one associated with atrial fibrillation. Conclusions: Over 36 weeks, aficamten appeared safe and effective in the studied patients with nHCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: In patients with SLE, concurrent NMOSD can manifest with optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. AQP‐4 antibody positivity confirms the diagnosis. Prompt treatment is critical to manage the acute symptoms and prevent relapses, as highlighted by a young patient's case with optic neuritis and extensive spinal cord lesions. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system that affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. It is associated with autoantibodies against aquaporin‐4 (AQP‐4) and/or myelin oligodendrocytes glycoproteins. It is diagnosed based on clinical, radiological, and serological criteria, and treated with immunosuppressants in the acute phase. Long‐term immunosuppression is essential to prevent potential relapses. In this case report, we present the case of a 19‐year‐old female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), who presented with blurriness and loss of vision in her left eye. Optical coherence tomography was normal, but a gadolinium‐enhanced cervico‐dorsal MRI showed multiple lesions extending from the brainstem to the C7‐T1 junction suggestive of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM), the largest of which was a cystic lesion at the cervico‐spinal junction. A contrast injection also revealed left optic neuritis. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed elevated IgG and red blood cell count, but no oligoclonal bands. The patient tested positive for AQP‐4 autoantibodies, confirming the diagnosis of NMOSD. Treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone led to partial improvement, but the patient experienced a relapse with severe neurological symptoms, including tetraplegia and bladder and bowel dysfunction. This case illustrates the importance of considering NMOSD in the differential diagnosis of patients with SLE who present with optic neuritis and/or myelitis, especially when MRI findings are suggestive of LETM. Early diagnosis and adherence to treatment are crucial to prevent further relapses and deleterious sequelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: To discuss the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of light chain cardiac amyloidosis (AL-CM). Recent Findings: The improved recognition of AL-CM is primarily driven by improved diagnostic techniques. Cardiac MRI has emerged as a sensitive modality for the diagnosis of AL-CM. Positron emission tomography (PET) with a whole host of amyloid fibril-binding tracers has tremendous promise. On the therapeutics front, better anti-plasma cells therapies are in clinical use or under investigation, and a new front of fibril depleters are opening the doors for targeting organ recovery by promoting the resorption of amyloid fibrils. Summary: AL-CM results in significant morbidity and mortality mainly due to delayed diagnosis and lack of therapies that acutely address the underlying organ dysfunction. The combination of improved disease detection with improved therapy promises to continue transforming AL-CM into either chronic treatable or curable disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a focus on using aromatic phosphinous amide as an antibacterial agent against serious multidrug resistant bacterial infections. N-(4-acetylphenyl)-P,P-diphenyl-phosphinous amide and its corresponding thioxophosphinous amide and selenoxo-phosphinous amide were synthesized and designated Ph1, Ph2, and Ph3, respectively. They were structurally identified by single crystal X-ray diffraction, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Because their antibacterial activities have never been examined, this study aimed to assess their antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as readily available standard bacterial strains. Two bacterial isolates were isolated from urine specimens collected from patients with urinary tract infections and designated CS1, and CS2. Phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular approaches were used to identify them. The antibiotic susceptibility/resistance pattern of these isolates was examined by the installed VITEK 2 system. Isolate CS1 is an aerobic Gram-positive, straight rod-shaped, spore forming, occurring singly or in a short chain, whereas isolate CS2 is an aerobic Gram-negative, coccobacilli-shaped, non-spore forming, occurring in pairs or in chains. Both isolates are positive for catalase and oxidase test. According to an examination of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, the isolates CS1 and CS2 have 98% of their similarities with Bacillus and Acinetobacter species, respectively. Isolates CS1 and CS2 are multidrug resistance species. Based on the results of the minimum inhibitory concentration, the standard bacterial strains and isolates CS1 and CS2 showed a wide range in the antibacterial capabilities of the studied phosphinous amides. In comparison to Ph2 and Ph3, Ph1 has the strongest antibacterial activity against all of the tested bacterial species. In conclusion, CS1 and CS2 isolates were identified as novel, multi-drug resistant members of the Bacillus and Acinetobacter genera, respectively. The Ph1 molecule represents a promising new generation of antibiotics with notable antibacterial efficacy against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, and venous ulcers, pose significant clinical challenges and burden healthcare systems worldwide. The advent of 3D bioprinting technologies offers innovative solutions for enhancing chronic wound care. This scoping review evaluates the applications, methodologies, and effectiveness of 3D-printed bioinks in chronic wound healing, focusing on bioinks incorporating living cells to facilitate wound closure and tissue regeneration. Relevant studies were identified through comprehensive searches in databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, following strict inclusion criteria. These studies employ various 3D bioprinting techniques, predominantly extrusion-based, to create bioinks from natural or synthetic polymers. These bioinks are designed to support cell viability, promote angiogenesis, and provide structural integrity to the wound site. Despite these promising results, further research is necessary to optimize bioink formulations and printing parameters for clinical application. Overall, 3D-printed bioinks offer a transformative approach to chronic wound care, providing tailored and efficient solutions. Continued development and refinement of these technologies hold significant promise for improving chronic wound management and patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition accompanied by severe adverse events that affect several aspects of the patient's life, such as motor, sensory, and functional impairment. Despite its severe consequences, definitive treatment for these injuries is still missing. Therefore, researchers have focused on developing treatment strategies aimed at ensuring full recovery post-SCI. Accordingly, attention has been drawn toward cellular therapy using mesenchymal stem cells. Considering their wide availability, decreased immunogenicity, wide expansion capacity, and impressive effectiveness in many therapeutic approaches, adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) injections in SCI cases have been investigated and showed promising results. In this review, SCI pathophysiology and ADSC transplantation benefits are discussed independently, together with SCI animal models and adipose stem cell preparation and application techniques. The mechanisms of healing in an SCI post-ADSC injection, the outcomes of this therapeutic approach, and current clinical trials are also deliberated, in addition to the challenges and future perspectives, aiming to encourage further research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mixed form of the Cahn–Hilliard equations is discretized by the hybridized discontinuous Galerkin method. For any chemical energy density, existence and uniqueness of the numerical solution is obtained. The scheme is proved to be unconditionally stable. Convergence of the method is obtained by deriving a priori error estimates that are valid for the Ginzburg–Landau chemical energy density and for convex domains. The paper also contains discrete functional tools, namely discrete Agmon and Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequalities, which are proved to be valid in the hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transfer factors of some naturally-occurring and artificial radionuclides from an agricultural soil to rhizobacteria-treated Sesbania grandiflora, a small leguminous tree, were studied. Two plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains (SCR17 and PCE2) were used to carry out an agricultural experiment in pots in semi-arid region (Syria). The results showed the bacterial strain (SCR17) increased the transfer and accumulation of 238U and 40K in Sesbania grandiflora, while both bacterial strains showed no effect on the accumulation of 234Th, 226Ra, 210Po and 210Pb in the treated plants. The transfer factor of 137Cs from soil to rhizobacteria-treated Sesbania grandiflora was negligible. The values of the transfer factors of 234Th, 226Ra, 210Po and 40K were found to be within the global values, while the values of the transfer factors of 238U and 210Pb were found to be relatively higher. This study highlights the importance of using Phytoremediation by PGPR strains for radionuclides-contaminated soils. Therefore, this method is a promising technique for the restoration and rehabilitation of contaminated sites with radionuclides, as it is low cost, easy to apply, and environmentally friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organ transplant is a crucial therapeutic strategy offering a life‐saving and transformative medical intervention. It provides an opportunity to improve their quality of life and increase their lifespan. The shortage of organs remains a critical global challenge, leading to a prolonged waiting times for organ receivers, which contributes to an increase in morbidity and mortality rates. Hence, xenotransplantation offered a promising solution to the global shortage of organs through the use of animal organs, leading to an increase in donor availability, reducing waiting times, minimizing organ trafficking, improving genetic engineering advancements, and driving scientific innovation. Even though xenotransplantation has many benefits in the clinical setting, it has many barriers that are hindering its achievements and constraining its occurrence. Some barriers to xenotransplant are general, such as the immunological barrier, while others are specific to certain regions due to local causes. The Arab region exhibits disparities in clinical settings compared to the global context, marked by the huge economic crisis and a shortage of trained healthcare professionals. Considering the huge resources and advancements needed in the field of xenotransplantation, this review aims to explore the specific barriers toward xenotransplantation in the Arab countries, highlighting the challenges to overcome these barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]