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This is GBFB's second annual Massachusetts statewide survey on food access.From December 2021 to February 2022, using an online survey company, GBFB surveyed more than 3,000 Massachusetts adults.The survey oversampled adults with lower incomes to ensure we heard from people most likely to need food assistance. Statistical weighting methods were used to collect estimates representative of the Massachusetts adult population.The survey was adapted from the National Food Access and COVID Research Team (NFACT) survey and modified to focus on issues related to food insecurity and food assistance use. GBFB modified the NFACT survey with input from statewide community partners including GBFB's Health and Research Advisory Council.

This is GBFB's second annual Massachusetts statewide survey on food access.From December 2021 to February 2022, using an online survey company, GBFB surveyed more than 3,000 Massachusetts adults.The survey oversampled adults with lower incomes to ensure we heard from people most likely to need food assistance. Statistical weighting methods were used to collect estimates representative of the Massachusetts adult population.The survey was adapted from the National Food Access and COVID Research Team (NFACT) survey and modified to focus on issues related to food insecurity and food assistance use. GBFB modified the NFACT survey with input from statewide community partners including GBFB's Health and Research Advisory Council.

This is GBFB's second annual Massachusetts statewide survey on food access.From December 2021 to February 2022, using an online survey company, GBFB surveyed more than 3,000 Massachusetts adults.The survey oversampled adults with lower incomes to ensure we heard from people most likely to need food assistance. Statistical weighting methods were used to collect estimates representative of the Massachusetts adult population.The survey was adapted from the National Food Access and COVID Research Team (NFACT) survey and modified to focus on issues related to food insecurity and food assistance use. GBFB modified the NFACT survey with input from statewide community partners including GBFB's Health and Research Advisory Council.

Die Induratio penis plastica ist eine gutartige Bindegewebserkrankung des Penis. Bei ausgeprägter Penisdeviation wird das Grafting zur operativen Korrektur bevorzugt. Nach partieller Plaqueexzision wird der Defekt am Penis mit einem autologen oder nicht-autologen Graft gedeckt, ein ideales Graft konnte bisher nicht definiert werden. In dieser Arbeit wurde das selbsthaftende Kollagenvlies TachoSil® aus dem Tissue-engineering verwendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten einen hohen Anteil an Begradigung, Patientenzufriedenheit, Kohabitationsfähigkeit, erhaltener Penislänge und niedrigem Anteil an neuerlicher ED im Langzeitverlauf. Somit stellt Kollagenvlies eine geeignete Alternative zu gängigen Grafts dar., Peyronie’s Disease is a benigne but devastating illness of the penis. In severe cases grafting is the preferred approach to correct penile curvature. In this study self-adhesive collagen fleece TachoSil® was used to close the defect after partial excision at the tunica albuginea. Various autologous and non-autologous grafts are commonly used, still an ideal graft is yet to be identified. This study evaluates collagen fleece as a novel graft. The results showed a high rate of straightness, satisfaction, ability to have intercourse, preserved penile length and low rate of novel erectile dysfunction in the long-term course, qualifying collagen fleece as an alternative to commonly used grafts.

Die Induratio penis plastica ist eine gutartige Bindegewebserkrankung des Penis. Bei ausgeprägter Penisdeviation wird das Grafting zur operativen Korrektur bevorzugt. Nach partieller Plaqueexzision wird der Defekt am Penis mit einem autologen oder nicht-autologen Graft gedeckt, ein ideales Graft konnte bisher nicht definiert werden. In dieser Arbeit wurde das selbsthaftende Kollagenvlies TachoSil® aus dem Tissue-engineering verwendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten einen hohen Anteil an Begradigung, Patientenzufriedenheit, Kohabitationsfähigkeit, erhaltener Penislänge und niedrigem Anteil an neuerlicher ED im Langzeitverlauf. Somit stellt Kollagenvlies eine geeignete Alternative zu gängigen Grafts dar., Peyronie’s Disease is a benigne but devastating illness of the penis. In severe cases grafting is the preferred approach to correct penile curvature. In this study self-adhesive collagen fleece TachoSil® was used to close the defect after partial excision at the tunica albuginea. Various autologous and non-autologous grafts are commonly used, still an ideal graft is yet to be identified. This study evaluates collagen fleece as a novel graft. The results showed a high rate of straightness, satisfaction, ability to have intercourse, preserved penile length and low rate of novel erectile dysfunction in the long-term course, qualifying collagen fleece as an alternative to commonly used grafts.

Im Auftrag der EKF, des BAKOM und der SRG SSR untersuchte die vorliegende Studie die Darstellung von Kandidatinnen und Kandidaten in den Medien in den vier Wochen vor den eidgenössischen Wahlen 2015. Im Fokus der Studie stand die gendergerechte Darstellung der Kandidierenden, nicht die Wahlberichterstattung insgesamt. Analysiert wurden Print- und Onlinemedien aus allen drei Sprachregionen. Dabei wurden die Tageszeitungen NZZ, Tages- Anzeiger, Le Temps, 24 heures und Corriere del Ticino genauso berücksichtigt wie die von jungen Bürgerinnen und Bürgern überdurchschnittlich genutzten Pendlerzeitungen und Onlinemedien 20 Minuten, Blick am Abend, 20 minutes, 20 minuti, 20min.ch, blickamabend.ch, 20min.ch/ro, tio.ch und watson.ch. Zudem wurden im Onlineangebot der SRG SSR (srf.ch, rts.ch, rsi.ch) Textbeiträge und darin verlinkte Audio- und Videobeiträge einbezogen. Mittels einer quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse wurden insgesamt 905 Textbeiträge, die darin enthaltenen 351 Bilder sowie 146 Audio- und Videobeiträge untersucht. Für die Deutschschweizer Medien wurden ergänzend 250 Bilder mittels einer qualitativen Bildanalyse vertieft analysiert. Der Hauptbefund der Analyse lautet: Kandidatinnen in allen Sprachregionen sind in Textbeiträgen (Print und Online), Audio- und Videobeiträgen sowie auf Bildern im Vergleich zu den Wahllisten unterrepräsentiert. Bei den Kandidierenden, die in den Medien vorkommen, finden sich jedoch fast keine geschlechtsspezifischen Darstellungsmuster. Die Analyse der Textbeiträge (Print und Online) zeigt: • Eine Thematisierung und Bewertung von Äusserlichkeiten spielt mit 1 % bis 3 % der Darstellungen weder bei Kandidatinnen noch bei Kandidaten eine grosse Rolle. • Es gibt kein Thema, das überwiegend Kandidatinnen oder Kandidaten zugeschrieben wird. Die thematische Zuordnung sogenannter „harter“ und „weicher“ Themen zu den Geschlechtern scheint in der Vorwahlberichterstattung aufgebrochen worden zu sein. • Eine Thematisierung privater Lebensumstände find

Gender bias in the media coverage of political elections has long been theorized as a major obstacle to women’s success in elections and their institutional representation. However, this view of persistent media bias against women politicians is increasingly subject to pressure by inconsistent evidence of size and patterns of gender bias. This paper argues that some of these inconsistencies derive from a lack of attention to contextual influences of electoral coverage. This study analyzes gender bias in the amount and content of media coverage in the run-up to Swiss federal elections in 2015 by means of a quantitative content analysis. Drawing on an extensive sample of print, online and audiovisual election coverage from the most important tabloid and broadsheet media of three different language regions, the results reveal mixed evidence of gender bias: On the one hand, women candidates remain underrepresented in Swiss media. On the other hand, however, once they are covered by the media, candidates are overwhelmingly presented in a gender-neutral way. Several differences emerge between language regions and media type. Extending the traditional gender bias hypothesis to account for contextual influences, the study illustrates that the geo-cultural and media-specific contextual influences of election coverage impinge on the gendered mediation of candidates together with known drivers of political communication, such as incumbency, the electoral system, and party ideology.

Die Kirche Sogn Sievi in Brigels/Ch wurde als sog. Kirchenkastell einer Reihe von früh befestigten Sakralbauten zugewiesen, deren Datierung sowie die zugrunde liegenden Voraussetzungen als typisch für den ostschweizerischen Alpenraum angesehen wurden. Die vorliegende Arbeit entstand durch die Auswertung der Grabungsergebnisse von 1970-72 und bediente sich aktueller naturwissenschaftlicher Datierungsmethoden, mit Hilfe derer die Baugeschichte sowie Interpretation des Hügelplateaus neu gestaltet werden konnte., The church Sogn Sievi in Brigels/CH was designated as "Kirchenkastell" - a terminus what should be significant for fortified churches of the early medieval ages in the eastern switzerland. The Masterarbeit "Aecllesia in castello" contains the evaluated results of the excavations in the years 1970-72 and was expandet with sientific dating methods the renew the knowledge about this building., Stefan Fiechtner, Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers, Im PDF lautet der Titel: "... Aecclesia... in castello ...", Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2019

Die Kirche Sogn Sievi in Brigels/Ch wurde als sog. Kirchenkastell einer Reihe von früh befestigten Sakralbauten zugewiesen, deren Datierung sowie die zugrunde liegenden Voraussetzungen als typisch für den ostschweizerischen Alpenraum angesehen wurden. Die vorliegende Arbeit entstand durch die Auswertung der Grabungsergebnisse von 1970-72 und bediente sich aktueller naturwissenschaftlicher Datierungsmethoden, mit Hilfe derer die Baugeschichte sowie Interpretation des Hügelplateaus neu gestaltet werden konnte., The church Sogn Sievi in Brigels/CH was designated as "Kirchenkastell" - a terminus what should be significant for fortified churches of the early medieval ages in the eastern switzerland. The Masterarbeit "Aecllesia in castello" contains the evaluated results of the excavations in the years 1970-72 and was expandet with sientific dating methods the renew the knowledge about this building., Stefan Fiechtner, Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers, Im PDF lautet der Titel: "... Aecclesia... in castello ...", Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2019

Neben dem überregionalen Rundfunk durch die SRG SSR idée suisse hat der lokal-regionale Rundfunk in der Schweiz eine politische und kulturelle Bedeutung, aus der sich Qualitätsansprüche ableiten. Das Institut für Kommunikationswissenschaft und Medienforschung (IKMZ) (früher IPMZ - Institut für Publizistikwissenschaft und Medienforschung) erstellt seit 2009 die Qualitätsbewertung der öffentlichen und privaten Rundfunkanbieter durch das Publikum. Der Beitrag fasst die Ergebnisse zur Publikumsperspektive der Erhebungswellen 2009 bis 2013 zusammen und erstellt eine Analyse entlang der Versorgungsgebiete.

EVIDOS (‘evaluation of individual dosimetry in mixed neutron and photon radiation fields') is an European Commission (EC)-sponsored project that aims at a significant improvement of radiation protection dosimetry in mixed neutron/photon fields via spectrometric and dosimetric investigations in representative workplaces of the nuclear industry. In particular, new spectrometry methods are developed that provide the energy and direction distribution of the neutron fluence from which the reference dosimetric quantities are derived and compared to the readings of dosemeters. The final results of the project will be a comprehensive set of spectrometric and dosimetric data for the workplaces and an analysis of the performance of dosemeters, including novel electronic dosemeters. This paper gives an overview of the project and focuses on the results from measurements performed in calibration fields with broad energy distributions (simulated workplace fields) and on the first results from workplaces in the nuclear industry, inside a boiling water reactor and around a spent fuel transport cask

In the framework of the EVIDOS project, funded by the EC, measurements were carried out using dosemeters, based on ionisation chambers with direct ion storage (DIS-N), at several workplace fields, namely, at a fuel processing plant, a boiling and a pressurised water reactor, and near transport and storage casks. The measurements and results obtained with the DIS-N in these workplaces, which are representative for the nuclear industry, are described in this study. Different dosemeter configurations of converter and shielding materials were considered. The results are compared with values for personal dose equivalent which were assessed within the EVIDOS project by other partners. The advantages and limitations of the DIS-N dosemeter are discussed

This work describes spectral distributions of neutrons obtained as function of energy and direction at four workplace fields at the Krümmel reactor in Germany. Values of personal dose equivalent Hp(10) and effective dose E are determined for different directions of a person's orientation in these fields and readings of personal neutron dosemeters—especially electronic dosemeters—are discussed with respect to Hp(10) and E

At the Paul Scherrer Institut, a personal neutron dosimetry system based on chemically etched poly allyl diglycol carbonate (PADC) detectors and an automatic track counting (Autoscan 60) for neutron dose evaluations has been in routine use since 1998. Today, the hardware and the software of the Autoscan 60 are out of date, no spare components are available anymore and more sophisticated image-analysis systems are already developed. Therefore, a new evaluation system, the ‘TASLIMAGE', was tested thoroughly in 2009 for linearity, reproducibility, influence of etching conditions and so forth, with the intention of replacing the Autoscan 60 in routine evaluations. The TASLIMAGE system is based on a microscope (high-quality Nikon optics) and an ultra-fast three-axis motorised control for scanning the detectors. In this paper, the TASLIMAGE system and its possibilities for neutron dose calculation are explained in more detail and the study of the influence of the variation of etching conditions on the sensitivity and background of the PADC detectors is described. The etching temperature and etching duration were varied, which showed that the etching conditions do not have a significant influence on the results of non-irradiated detectors. However, the sensitivity of irradiated detectors decreases by 5 % per 1°C when increasing the etching temperature. For the variation of the etching duration, the influence on the sensitivity of irradiated detectors is less pronounced

At the Paul Scherrer Institute a personal neutron dosimetry system based on chemically etched CR-39 detectors and automatic track counting is in routine use since the beginning of 1998. The quality of the CR-39 detectors has always been a crucial aspect to maintain a trustable personal neutron dosimetry system. This paper summarises the 7 y experience in routine use. The effect of detector material defects which could lead to false positive neutron doses is described. The potentiality of improving the background statistics by extending the pre-etch time is investigated and involves as a drawback a quite lower sensitivity to thermal neutrons. Furthermore, the impact of small changes in the production process of the detectors on the response to fast and thermal neutrons is shown. For the personal dosimetry at CERN, a new dosimetry concept was launched by combining a CR-39 neutron dosemeter with a Direct-Ion Storage (DIS) dosemeter for photon and beta radiation. The usage period of the CR-39 dosemeters is prolonged now from 3 months up to 12 months. In this context, the long-term behaviour over 1 y of the background track density and the response to Am-Be are described

Within the EC project EVIDOS (‘Evaluation of Individual Dosimetry in Mixed Neutron and Photon Radiation Fields'), different types of active neutron personal dosemeters (and some passive ones) were tested in workplace fields at nuclear installations in Europe. The results of the measurements which have been performed up to now are summarised and compared to our currently best estimates of the personal dose equivalent Hp(10). Under- and over-readings by more than a factor of two for the same dosemeter in different workplace fields indicate that in most cases the use of field-specific correction factors is required

Within the EC project EVIDOS, double-differential (energy and direction) fluence spectra were determined by means of novel direction spectrometers. By folding the spectra with fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion coefficients, contributions to H*(10) for 14 directions, and values of the personal dose equivalent Hp(10) and the effective dose E for 6 directions of a person's orientation in the field were determined. The results of the measurements and calculations obtained within the EVIDOS project in workplace fields in nuclear installations in Europe, i.e., at Krümmel (boiling water reactor and transport cask), at Mol (Venus research reactor and fuel facility Belgonucléaire) and at Ringhals (pressurised reactor and transport cask) are presented

In this paper the present status of the Direct Ion Storage Neutron (DIS-N) prototype dosemeter (RADOS) is described. The separation of neutron from photon dose equivalent has been improved by adding tin shieldings. The neutron energy response has been changed by additional plastic covers containing 40% B4C in order to reduce the over-response to thermal neutrons. The responses of the dosemeters were determined for standard photon and neutron fields (monoenergetic neutrons, neutron sources and simulated workplace fields). Irradiations in real workplaces were also performed. The dependence of the neutron response on the angle of incidence was measured for different neutron sources

In the framework of the EVIDOS (Evaluation of Individual Dosimetry in Mixed Neutron and Photon Radiation Fields) project, funded by the EC, measurements with PADC personal neutron dosemeters were carried out at several workplace fields of the nuclear industry and at simulated workplace fields. The measured personal neutron dose equivalents of the PADC personal neutron dosemeter are compared with values that were assessed within the EVIDOS project by other partners. The detection limits for different spectra types are given. In cases were the neutron dose was too low to be measured by the PADC personal neutron dosemeter, the response is estimated by convoluting the responses to monoenergetic neutrons with the dose energy distribution measured within EVIDOS. The advantages and limitations of the PADC personal neutron dosemeter are discussed

The paper presents the main conclusions and recommendations derived from the EVIDOS project, which is supported by the European Commission within the 5th Framework Programme. EVIDOS aims at evaluating state of the art neutron dosimetry techniques in representative workplaces of the nuclear industry with complex mixed neutron-photon radiation fields. This analysis complements a series of individual papers which present detailed results and it summarises the main findings from a practical point of view. Conclusions and recommendations are given concerning characterisation of radiation fields, methods to derive radiation protection quantities and dosemeter results

Ratios of Hp(10) and H*(10) were determined with reference instruments in a number of workplace fields within the nuclear industry and used to derive workplace-specific correction factors. When commercial survey meter results together with these factors were applied to the results of the locally used personal dosemeters their results improved and became within 0.7 and 1.7 of the reference values or better depending on the response of the survey meter. A similar result was obtained when a correction was determined with a prototype reference instrument for Hp(10) after adjustment of its response. Commercially available survey instruments both for photon and neutron H*(10) measurements agreed with the reference instruments in most cases to within 0.5-1.5. Those conclusions are derived from results reported within the EC supported EVIDOS contract

Within the EC project EVIDOS, 17 different mixed neutron-photon workplace fields at nuclear facilities (boiling water reactor, pressurised water reactor, research reactor, fuel processing, storage of spent fuel) were characterised using conventional Bonner sphere spectrometry and newly developed direction spectrometers. The results of the analysis, using Bayesian parameter estimation methods and different unfolding codes, some of them especially adapted to simultaneously unfold energy and direction distributions of the neutron fluence, showed that neutron spectra differed strongly at the different places, both in energy and direction distribution. The implication of the results for the determination of reference values for radiation protection quantities (ambient dose equivalent, personal dose equivalent and effective dose) and the related uncertainties are discussed

The availability of active neutron personal dosemeters has made real time monitoring of neutron doses possible. This has obvious benefits, but is only of any real assistance if the dose assessments made are of sufficient accuracy and reliability. Preliminary assessments of the performance of active neutron dosemeters can be made in calibration facilities, but these can never replicate the conditions under which the dosemeter is used in the workplace. Consequently, it is necessary to assess their performance in the workplace, which requires the field in the workplace to be fully characterised in terms of the energy and direction dependence of the fluence. This paper presents an overview of developments in workplace neutron dosimetry but concentrates on the outcomes of the EVIDOS project, which has made significant advances in the characterisation of workplace fields and the analysis of dosemeter responses in those fields

EVIDOS is an EC sponsored project that aims at an evaluation and improvement of radiation protection dosimetry in mixed neutron/photon fields. This is performed through spectrometric and dosimetric investigations during different measurement campaigns in representative workplaces of the nuclear industry. The performance of routine and, in particular, novel personal dosemeters and survey instruments is tested in selected workplace fields. Reference values for the dose equivalent quantities, H*(10) and Hp(10) and the effective dose E, are determined using different spectrometers that provide the energy distribution of the neutron fluence and using newly developed devices that determine the energy and directional distribution of the neutron fluence. The EVIDOS project has passed the mid-term, and three measurement campaigns have been performed. This paper will give an overview and some new results from the third campaign that was held in Mol (Belgium), around the research reactor VENUS and in the MOX producing plant of Belgonucléaire

Neutron survey instruments have been exposed at all the measurement locations used in the EVIDOS project. These results have an important impact in the interpretation of the results from the project, since operationally the survey instrument will be used for an initial assessment of and routine monitoring of the ambient dose equivalent dose rate. Additionally, since the response of these instruments is in some cases very well characterised, their systematic deviations from the reference quantities provide an important verification of the determination of those quantities

Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass das interaktive affektive Regulierungsrepertoire anorektischer Patientinnen begrenzt ist, bestand ein wesentliches Ziel der hier vorliegenden Dissertation darin, affektive Regulierungsprozesse im Kontext von Schuldgefühlen in realen face-to-face-Interaktionen zwischen anorektischen Töchtern und ihren Müttern und in gesunden Mutter-Tochter-Dyaden mikroanalytisch zu beschreiben und zu vergleichen. Datengrundlage bildeten Videoaufnahmen von fünf gesunden Mutter-Tochter-Interaktionen und fünf Interaktionen zwischen anorektischen Töchtern und ihren Müttern, die über gegenseitig erlebte Schuldgefühle sprachen. Auf Basis bestehender Operationalisierungen und Konzepte (z.B. Bänninger-Huber & Widmer, 1999, 2000) wurden sogenannte PAMs (Prototypische Affektive Mikrosequenzen) und traps analysiert. Um der Komplexität des dyadischen Geschehens Rechnung zu tragen wurden zudem mehrere von den Untersuchungsteilnehmerinnen bearbeitete Selbstbeurteilungsinstrumente (z.B. EER, OPD-Strukturfragebogen, u.a.) zur Interpretation der Daten herangezogen und anhand des verbalen Materials Prozesse der Schuldgefühlinduktion und schuldgefühlauslösende Situationen inhaltsanalytisch untersucht. Die Analysen interaktiver Regulierugnsprozesse ergaben, dass PAMs und traps häufiger in gesunden Mutter-Tochter Interaktionen auftraten. In beiden Gruppen waren die Mütter die Hauptinitiatorinnen von PAMs und traps. Während in den gesunden Mutter-Tochter-Dyaden jedoch heterogene Reaktionen auf interaktive Beziehungsangebote erfolgten, wurden die meisten der in den klinischen Dyaden initiierten interaktiven Affektregulierungsprozesse von der jeweiligen Interaktionspartnerin zurückgewiesen. Anorektische Töchter initiierten insgesamt kaum interaktive Beziehungsmuster. Aus den Ergebnissen konnte u.a. auf ein unterschiedliches Verhältnis aus Konfliktspannung und Beziehungssicherheit in den beiden Gruppen geschlossen werden. Mögliche Erklärungen für die Ergebnisse werden in der A, According to the assumption that interactive affective regulation processes are reduced in anorexic patients, one aim of the following dissertation was to compare and describe affective regulation processes between mothers and their anorexic daughters and healthy mother-daughter dyads in the context of guilt feelings in real face-to-face-interactions. The data set resulted from videos of five anorexic daughter-mother-dyads and five healthy control dyads, which were asked to talk about situations in which they felt guilt feelings towards each other. On the basis of existing concepts and operationalizations (e.g. Bänninger-Huber & Widmer, 1999, 2000) so called PAMs (Prototypical Affective Microsequences) and traps were analyzed. Furthermore different questionnaires (e.g. EER, OPD-SF) which were answered by all of the probands were used to interpret the collected data. By analyzing the verbal material, processes of guilt feelings induction as well as guilt eliciting situations were identified. Results: PAMs and traps occurred more frequently in healthy control dyads than between anorexic daughters and their mothers. In both groups PAMs and traps were initiated more frequently by mothers. In the healthy control dyads heterogeneous reactions could be observed whereas in the clinical dyads most of the initiated relationship patterns were refused by the interacting partner. PAMs and traps were hardly initiated by the anorexic daughters. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed in the dissertation., eingereicht von Christiane Fiechtner, Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers, Innsbruck, Univ., Diss., 2015, OeBB, (VLID)478070

This report provides a summary of results obtained over the past year in fundamental studies of the chemistry of solid rocket combustion and of combustion instability in liquid rocket combustion. A coordinated research program has been initiated to study separate aspects of the complex multidimensional, multiphase and multicomponent reacting flow characteristic of rocket combustion. The focus of the combustion chemistry studies is on flame reactions of gas phase species formed as decomposition products near the surface of the propellant. These flames typically involve a variety of fuel species and nitrogen oxides as oxidizers. The focus of the combustion instability studies is the effect of atomization and vaporization processes on the oscillatory conditions characteristic of combustion instability. The research objectives, progress and research in progress in each of these areas are summarized in the report. Rocket Combustion, Combustion Chemistry, Combustion Instability, Droplet Vaporization.

High power, wavelength-tunable UV picosecond laser pulses can be generated by normal, angle-tuned, extra-cavity frequency doubling. Conversion efficiencies of 1 to 7% can be obtained by careful adjustment of the dye laser cavity length. (rrh)

A model is presented to succeed the 'Response to Power Model'. It posits the existence of two distinctly different components for each of the four manipulative roles; authoritarianism, permissiveness, rebelliousness, and ingratiation. The interactive component results from direct positive reenforcement of existing behavior, representing an effort to effect harmony. The counteractive components result from conficts in needs and are directed toward efforts to force a change in the partner's behavior. The similarity in overt behaviors and differences in purpose of these two components has done much to confuse the leadership field. This model reconciles the paradox of the opposing viewpoints of behavior modification and humanism. This shows how both dynamics are operating simultaneously. Research results are reported to support the hypotheses presented by the model. Directly induced role changes in the other dyad member are still only minimal. There is very strong confirmation, however, for the actor's acquisition roles which are related to his perception of the target person. In all areas, these fit the hypotheses posed by the model.

Samples of 20 Air Force reenlistees and 20 deenlistees from a missile wing were studied with the 'Chromatic Differential Scale,' which is a projective means for eliciting unconscious attitudes toward self, other persons, and institutions. Comparisons were made between the means for the two groups and also between the correlations exposing dynamics within each group. The reenlistment group satisfied the hypothesis of having more positive attitudes about self, mother, father, crewmates, and wife than did the deenlistment group. Positive attitudes toward the wife seem to be the most crucial, confirming the results of other research by the investigator. (Author)

The Factor Analysis of thirty three superordinate and subordinate role scales yielded eleven factors which were identified as Authoritarian Role Preference, Authoritarian Role Pressure, Equalitarian Role Preference, Equalitarian Role Pressure, Balance Manager, People Oriented Manager, Assumed Similarity between Opposite, Contemptuous Indulgence, Supportive Values, People Tolerance, and Organizational Tolerance. (Author)

This research examines the relationship between personality, motivation, and superordinate/subordinate role preference and pressure. A number of samples from different studies and varied situations -- for a total sample size of 718 -- were examined. Subjects were from sales, academic, manufacturing, and military environments. All or part of the Following instruments were administered: 16 Personality Factor Tests, Motivational Analysis Test, Response to Power Measure, Supervise Ability Scale, and Responsibility Index. A correlation of analysis was performed comparing Air Force and Army personnel with managers in an industrial environment. The findings show that there are personality and motivational factors that consistently appear with specific superordinate or subordinate role preferences and role pressures. It is evident that more needs to be done in the impact of the relationships of superordinate/subordinate role preferences and pressures, and personality and motivation to better understand the underlying dimensions of role for more meaningful applications in managerial training and leadership development.

Im Auftrag der EKF, des BAKOM und der SRG SSR untersuchte die vorliegende Studie die Darstellung von Kandidatinnen und Kandidaten in den Medien in den vier Wochen vor den eidgenössischen Wahlen 2015. Im Fokus der Studie stand die gendergerechte Darstellung der Kandidierenden, nicht die Wahlberichterstattung insgesamt. Analysiert wurden Print- und Onlinemedien aus allen drei Sprachregionen. Dabei wurden die Tageszeitungen NZZ, Tages- Anzeiger, Le Temps, 24 heures und Corriere del Ticino genauso berücksichtigt wie die von jungen Bürgerinnen und Bürgern überdurchschnittlich genutzten Pendlerzeitungen und Onlinemedien 20 Minuten, Blick am Abend, 20 minutes, 20 minuti, 20min.ch, blickamabend.ch, 20min.ch/ro, tio.ch und watson.ch. Zudem wurden im Onlineangebot der SRG SSR (srf.ch, rts.ch, rsi.ch) Textbeiträge und darin verlinkte Audio- und Videobeiträge einbezogen. Mittels einer quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse wurden insgesamt 905 Textbeiträge, die darin enthaltenen 351 Bilder sowie 146 Audio- und Videobeiträge untersucht. Für die Deutschschweizer Medien wurden ergänzend 250 Bilder mittels einer qualitativen Bildanalyse vertieft analysiert. Der Hauptbefund der Analyse lautet: Kandidatinnen in allen Sprachregionen sind in Textbeiträgen (Print und Online), Audio- und Videobeiträgen sowie auf Bildern im Vergleich zu den Wahllisten unterrepräsentiert. Bei den Kandidierenden, die in den Medien vorkommen, finden sich jedoch fast keine geschlechtsspezifischen Darstellungsmuster. Die Analyse der Textbeiträge (Print und Online) zeigt: • Eine Thematisierung und Bewertung von Äusserlichkeiten spielt mit 1 % bis 3 % der Darstellungen weder bei Kandidatinnen noch bei Kandidaten eine grosse Rolle. • Es gibt kein Thema, das überwiegend Kandidatinnen oder Kandidaten zugeschrieben wird. Die thematische Zuordnung sogenannter „harter“ und „weicher“ Themen zu den Geschlechtern scheint in der Vorwahlberichterstattung aufgebrochen worden zu sein. • Eine Thematisierung privater Lebensumstände find

Gender bias in the media coverage of political elections has long been theorized as a major obstacle to women’s success in elections and their institutional representation. However, this view of persistent media bias against women politicians is increasingly subject to pressure by inconsistent evidence of size and patterns of gender bias. This paper argues that some of these inconsistencies derive from a lack of attention to contextual influences of electoral coverage. This study analyzes gender bias in the amount and content of media coverage in the run-up to Swiss federal elections in 2015 by means of a quantitative content analysis. Drawing on an extensive sample of print, online and audiovisual election coverage from the most important tabloid and broadsheet media of three different language regions, the results reveal mixed evidence of gender bias: On the one hand, women candidates remain underrepresented in Swiss media. On the other hand, however, once they are covered by the media, candidates are overwhelmingly presented in a gender-neutral way. Several differences emerge between language regions and media type. Extending the traditional gender bias hypothesis to account for contextual influences, the study illustrates that the geo-cultural and media-specific contextual influences of election coverage impinge on the gendered mediation of candidates together with known drivers of political communication, such as incumbency, the electoral system, and party ideology.

At the Paul Scherrer Institute a personal neutron dosimetry system based on chemically etched CR-39 detectors and automatic track counting is in routine use since the beginning of 1998. The quality of the CR-39 detectors has always been a crucial aspect to maintain a trustable personal neutron dosimetry system. This paper summarises the 7 y experience in routine use. The effect of detector material defects which could lead to false positive neutron doses is described. The potentiality of improving the background statistics by extending the pre-etch time is investigated and involves as a drawback a quite lower sensitivity to thermal neutrons. Furthermore, the impact of small changes in the production process of the detectors on the response to fast and thermal neutrons is shown. For the personal dosimetry at CERN, a new dosimetry concept was launched by combining a CR-39 neutron dosemeter with a Direct-Ion Storage (DIS) dosemeter for photon and beta radiation. The usage period of the CR-39 dosemeters is prolonged now from 3 months up to 12 months. In this context, the long-term behaviour over 1 y of the background track density and the response to Am-Be are described

At the Paul Scherrer Institut, a personal neutron dosimetry system based on chemically etched poly allyl diglycol carbonate (PADC) detectors and an automatic track counting (Autoscan 60) for neutron dose evaluations has been in routine use since 1998. Today, the hardware and the software of the Autoscan 60 are out of date, no spare components are available anymore and more sophisticated image-analysis systems are already developed. Therefore, a new evaluation system, the ‘TASLIMAGE', was tested thoroughly in 2009 for linearity, reproducibility, influence of etching conditions and so forth, with the intention of replacing the Autoscan 60 in routine evaluations. The TASLIMAGE system is based on a microscope (high-quality Nikon optics) and an ultra-fast three-axis motorised control for scanning the detectors. In this paper, the TASLIMAGE system and its possibilities for neutron dose calculation are explained in more detail and the study of the influence of the variation of etching conditions on the sensitivity and background of the PADC detectors is described. The etching temperature and etching duration were varied, which showed that the etching conditions do not have a significant influence on the results of non-irradiated detectors. However, the sensitivity of irradiated detectors decreases by 5 % per 1°C when increasing the etching temperature. For the variation of the etching duration, the influence on the sensitivity of irradiated detectors is less pronounced

This work describes spectral distributions of neutrons obtained as function of energy and direction at four workplace fields at the Krümmel reactor in Germany. Values of personal dose equivalent Hp(10) and effective dose E are determined for different directions of a person's orientation in these fields and readings of personal neutron dosemeters—especially electronic dosemeters—are discussed with respect to Hp(10) and E

EVIDOS (‘evaluation of individual dosimetry in mixed neutron and photon radiation fields') is an European Commission (EC)-sponsored project that aims at a significant improvement of radiation protection dosimetry in mixed neutron/photon fields via spectrometric and dosimetric investigations in representative workplaces of the nuclear industry. In particular, new spectrometry methods are developed that provide the energy and direction distribution of the neutron fluence from which the reference dosimetric quantities are derived and compared to the readings of dosemeters. The final results of the project will be a comprehensive set of spectrometric and dosimetric data for the workplaces and an analysis of the performance of dosemeters, including novel electronic dosemeters. This paper gives an overview of the project and focuses on the results from measurements performed in calibration fields with broad energy distributions (simulated workplace fields) and on the first results from workplaces in the nuclear industry, inside a boiling water reactor and around a spent fuel transport cask

Within the EC project EVIDOS (‘Evaluation of Individual Dosimetry in Mixed Neutron and Photon Radiation Fields'), different types of active neutron personal dosemeters (and some passive ones) were tested in workplace fields at nuclear installations in Europe. The results of the measurements which have been performed up to now are summarised and compared to our currently best estimates of the personal dose equivalent Hp(10). Under- and over-readings by more than a factor of two for the same dosemeter in different workplace fields indicate that in most cases the use of field-specific correction factors is required

In this paper the present status of the Direct Ion Storage Neutron (DIS-N) prototype dosemeter (RADOS) is described. The separation of neutron from photon dose equivalent has been improved by adding tin shieldings. The neutron energy response has been changed by additional plastic covers containing 40% B4C in order to reduce the over-response to thermal neutrons. The responses of the dosemeters were determined for standard photon and neutron fields (monoenergetic neutrons, neutron sources and simulated workplace fields). Irradiations in real workplaces were also performed. The dependence of the neutron response on the angle of incidence was measured for different neutron sources

Within the EC project EVIDOS, double-differential (energy and direction) fluence spectra were determined by means of novel direction spectrometers. By folding the spectra with fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion coefficients, contributions to H*(10) for 14 directions, and values of the personal dose equivalent Hp(10) and the effective dose E for 6 directions of a person's orientation in the field were determined. The results of the measurements and calculations obtained within the EVIDOS project in workplace fields in nuclear installations in Europe, i.e., at Krümmel (boiling water reactor and transport cask), at Mol (Venus research reactor and fuel facility Belgonucléaire) and at Ringhals (pressurised reactor and transport cask) are presented

Supported by the European Commission, the EVIDOS project started in November 2001 with the broad goal of evaluating state of the art dosimetry techniques in representative workplaces of the nuclear industry. Seven European institutes joined efforts with end users at nuclear power plants, at fuel processing and reprocessing plants, and at transport and storage facilities. A comprehensive programme was devised to evaluate capabilities and limitations of standard and innovative personal dosemeters in relation to the mixed neutron-photon fields of concern to the nuclear industry. This paper describes the criteria behind the selection of dosimetry techniques and workplaces that were analysed, as well as the organisation of the measurement campaigns. Particular emphasis was placed on the evaluation of a variety of electronic personal dosemeters, either commercially available or previously developed by the partners. The estimates provided by these personal dosemeters were compared to reference values of dose equivalent quantities derived from spectrometry and fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion coefficients. Spectrometry was performed both with conventional multisphere and with some original instrumentation providing energy and direction resolution, based on silicon detectors and superheated drop detectors mounted on or in spherical moderators. The results were collected in a large, searchable database and are intended to be used in the harmonisation of dosimetric procedures for mixed radiation fields and for the approval of dosimetry services in Europe

In the framework of the EVIDOS (Evaluation of Individual Dosimetry in Mixed Neutron and Photon Radiation Fields) project, funded by the EC, measurements with PADC personal neutron dosemeters were carried out at several workplace fields of the nuclear industry and at simulated workplace fields. The measured personal neutron dose equivalents of the PADC personal neutron dosemeter are compared with values that were assessed within the EVIDOS project by other partners. The detection limits for different spectra types are given. In cases were the neutron dose was too low to be measured by the PADC personal neutron dosemeter, the response is estimated by convoluting the responses to monoenergetic neutrons with the dose energy distribution measured within EVIDOS. The advantages and limitations of the PADC personal neutron dosemeter are discussed

The paper presents the main conclusions and recommendations derived from the EVIDOS project, which is supported by the European Commission within the 5th Framework Programme. EVIDOS aims at evaluating state of the art neutron dosimetry techniques in representative workplaces of the nuclear industry with complex mixed neutron-photon radiation fields. This analysis complements a series of individual papers which present detailed results and it summarises the main findings from a practical point of view. Conclusions and recommendations are given concerning characterisation of radiation fields, methods to derive radiation protection quantities and dosemeter results

Ratios of Hp(10) and H*(10) were determined with reference instruments in a number of workplace fields within the nuclear industry and used to derive workplace-specific correction factors. When commercial survey meter results together with these factors were applied to the results of the locally used personal dosemeters their results improved and became within 0.7 and 1.7 of the reference values or better depending on the response of the survey meter. A similar result was obtained when a correction was determined with a prototype reference instrument for Hp(10) after adjustment of its response. Commercially available survey instruments both for photon and neutron H*(10) measurements agreed with the reference instruments in most cases to within 0.5-1.5. Those conclusions are derived from results reported within the EC supported EVIDOS contract

The availability of active neutron personal dosemeters has made real time monitoring of neutron doses possible. This has obvious benefits, but is only of any real assistance if the dose assessments made are of sufficient accuracy and reliability. Preliminary assessments of the performance of active neutron dosemeters can be made in calibration facilities, but these can never replicate the conditions under which the dosemeter is used in the workplace. Consequently, it is necessary to assess their performance in the workplace, which requires the field in the workplace to be fully characterised in terms of the energy and direction dependence of the fluence. This paper presents an overview of developments in workplace neutron dosimetry but concentrates on the outcomes of the EVIDOS project, which has made significant advances in the characterisation of workplace fields and the analysis of dosemeter responses in those fields

Within the EC project EVIDOS, 17 different mixed neutron-photon workplace fields at nuclear facilities (boiling water reactor, pressurised water reactor, research reactor, fuel processing, storage of spent fuel) were characterised using conventional Bonner sphere spectrometry and newly developed direction spectrometers. The results of the analysis, using Bayesian parameter estimation methods and different unfolding codes, some of them especially adapted to simultaneously unfold energy and direction distributions of the neutron fluence, showed that neutron spectra differed strongly at the different places, both in energy and direction distribution. The implication of the results for the determination of reference values for radiation protection quantities (ambient dose equivalent, personal dose equivalent and effective dose) and the related uncertainties are discussed

In the framework of the EVIDOS project, funded by the EC, measurements were carried out using dosemeters, based on ionisation chambers with direct ion storage (DIS-N), at several workplace fields, namely, at a fuel processing plant, a boiling and a pressurised water reactor, and near transport and storage casks. The measurements and results obtained with the DIS-N in these workplaces, which are representative for the nuclear industry, are described in this study. Different dosemeter configurations of converter and shielding materials were considered. The results are compared with values for personal dose equivalent which were assessed within the EVIDOS project by other partners. The advantages and limitations of the DIS-N dosemeter are discussed