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Background: Sleep curtailment is a serious problem in many societies. Clinical evidence has shown that sleep deprivation is associated with mood dysregulation, formation of false memory, cardio-metabolic risk factors and outcomes, inflammatory disease risk, and all-cause mortality. The affective disorder dysregulation caused by insufficient sleep has become an increasingly serious health problem. However, to date, not much attention has been paid to the mild affective dysregulation caused by insufficient sleep, and there is no clear and standard therapeutic method to treat it. The Xiaoyao Pill is a classic Chinese medicinal formula, with the effect of dispersing stagnated hepatoqi, invigorating the spleen, and nourishing the blood. Therefore, it is most commonly used to treat gynecological diseases in China. In the present study, the effects of the Xiaoyao Pill on affective dysregulation of sleep-deprived mice and its underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. Methods: Forty adult female mice were used in the present study. The sleep deprivation model was established by improving the multi-platform water environment method. After 7 consecutive days of sleep deprivation, the mice were administrated low (LXYP, 0.32mg/kg) and high (HXYP, 0.64 mg/kg) doses of the Xiaoyao Pill for two weeks. Then, the body weight, behavioral deficits, and histopathology were evaluated. Meanwhile, the expression of c-fos protein and the concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were determined after two weeks of treatment. Results: Xiaoyao Pill treatment significantly increased body weight and sucrose consumption and decreased the irritability scores of the sleep-deprived mice. Meanwhile, Xiaoyao Pill treatment prevented brain injury and inhibited the expression of c-fos protein in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In addition, HXYP treatment significantly upregulated the levels of NE in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (p < 0.01). LXYP treatment significantly up-regulated the levels of 5-HT in the prefrontal cortex. Meanwhile, both HXYP and LXYP treatment significantly up-regulated the levels of DA in the prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) of sleep-deprived mice. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that Xiaoyao Pill treatment prevented the behavioral deficits of mice induced by sleep deprivation by promoting the recovery of brain tissue injury and up-regulating the levels of NE, 5-HT, and DA in the brain tissue.

Insect carboxylesterases (CXEs) can be expressed in multiple tissues and play crucial roles in detoxifying xenobiotic insecticides and degrading olfactory cues. Therefore, they have been considered as an important target for development of eco-friendly insect pest management strategies. Despite extensive investigation in most insect species, limited information on CXEs in sibling moth species is currently available. The Ectropis obliqua Prout and Ectropis grisescens Warren are two closely related tea geometrid species, which share the same host of tea plant but differ in geographical distribution, sex pheromone composition, and symbiotic bacteria abundance, providing an excellent mode species for studies of functional diversity of orthologous CXEs. In this study, we focused on EoblCXE14 due to its previously reported non-chemosensory organs-biased expression. First, the EoblCXE14 orthologous gene EgriCXE14 was cloned and sequence characteristics analysis showed that they share a conserved motif and phylogenetic relationship. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was then used to compare the expression profiles between two Ectropis spp. The results showed that EoblCXE14 was predominately expressed in E. obliqua larvae, whereas EgriCXE14 was abundant in E. grisescens at multiple developmental stages. Interestingly, both orthologous CXEs were highly expressed in larval midgut, but the expression level of EoblCXE14 in E. obliqua midgut was significantly higher than that of EgriCXE14 in E. grisescens midgut. In addition, the potential effect of symbiotic bacteria Wolbachia on the CXE14 was examined. This study is the first to provide comparative expression profiles of orthologous CXE genes in two sibling geometrid moth species and the results will help further elucidate CXEs functions and identify a potential target for tea geometrid pest control.

Background: Immune evaluation of biomaterials for tissue regeneration is a critical preclinical evaluation. The current evaluation criterion (ISO 10993-1 or GB/T 16886) uses rodents to perform the immune evaluation. However, the immune system of rodents is different from humans, the obtained results may not be reliable, which could lead directly to the failure of clinical trials. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) shows a great potential application in tissue regeneration by regulating local immune responses. The presented work combines the advantages of GM-CSF (immunoregulation) and hierarchically 3D nanofiber scaffolds (tissue regeneration).Methods: Firstly, we fabricated GM-CSF loaded 3D radially aligned nanofiber scaffolds, and then subcutaneous implantation was performed in humanized mice. The whole scaffold and surrounding tissue were harvested at each indicated time point. Finally, the cell infiltration and local immune responses were detected by histological observations, including H&E and Masson staining and immunochemistry.Results: We found significant cell migration and extracellular matrix deposition within the 3D radially aligned nanofiber scaffold after subcutaneous implantation. The locally released GM-CSF could accelerate the expression of human dendritic cells (CD11c) only 3 days after subcutaneous implantation. Moreover, higher expression of human cytotoxic T cells (CD3+/CD8+), M1 macrophages (CD68/CCR7) was detected within GM-CSF loaded radially aligned nanofiber scaffolds and their surrounding tissues.Conclusions: The 3D radially aligned scaffold can accelerate cell migration from surrounding tissues to regenerate the wound area. And the locally released GM-CSF enhances dendritic cell recruitment and activation of cytotoxic T cells and M1 macrophages. Taken together, the GM-CSF loaded 3D radially aligned nanofiber scaffolds have a promising potential for achieving tissue regeneration.

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that shows a unique ability to quickly respond to a variety of antibiotics. The Crp/Fnr family transcriptional regulator ArcR controls expression of arginine deiminase pathway genes arcABDC, which enable the utilization of arginine as an energy source for cell growth under anaerobic conditions. However, ArcR shares low overall similarity with other Crp/Fnr family proteins, suggesting that they differ in the response to environmental stress. In this study, MIC and survival assays were performed to determine the role of ArcR in antibiotic resistance and tolerance. The results showed that deletion of arcR reduced tolerance of S.aureus to fluoroquinolone antibiotics, mainly through a defect in the response to oxidative stress. In ΔarcR mutant, the expression of the major catalase gene katA was downregulated, and katA overexpression restored bacterial resistance to oxidative stress and antibiotics. We showed that ArcR directly regulated katA transcription by binding to the promoter region of katA. Therefore, our results revealed the contribution of ArcR in bacterial tolerance to oxidative stress and subsequently to fluoroquinolones antibiotics. This study added our understanding on the role of Crp/Fnr family in bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics.

Segmentation of texts into discourse and prosodic units is a ubiquitous problem in corpus linguistics and psycholinguistics, yet best practices for its evaluation – whether evaluating consistency between human segmenters or humanlikeness of machine segmenters – remain understudied. Building on segmentation edit distance (Fournier & Inkpen 2012, Fournier 2013), this paper introduces a new measure for evaluating similarity between two segmentations of the same text with multiple, mutually exclusive boundary types, accounting for varying identifiability and confusability between these types. We implement a dynamic programming algorithm for calculation specifically geared towards this type of segmentation problem, apply it to a case study of intonation unit segmentation measuring inter-annotator agreement, and make suggestions for interpreting results.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Comparison of SyMRI histogram parameters between NPC and NPH. Supplementary Table 2. Comparison of SyMRI histogram parameters between OC invasion group and OC non-invasion group. Supplementary Table 3. AUC analysis and 5-folds Cross-Validation for models.

Interface interactions in 2D vertically stacked heterostructures play an important role in optoelectronic applications, and photodetectors based on graphene/InSe heterostructures show promising performance nowadays. However, nonlinear optical property studies based on the graphene/InSe heterostructure are insufficient. Here, we fabricated a graphene/InSe heterostructure by mechanical exfoliation and investigated the optically induced charge transfer between graphene/InSe heterostructures by taking photoluminescence and pump–probe measurements. The large built-in electric field at the interface was confirmed by Kelvin probe force microscopy. Furthermore, due to the efficient interfacial carrier transfer driven by the built-in electric potential (~286 meV) and broadband nonlinear absorption, the application of the graphene/InSe heterostructure in a mode-locked laser was realized. Our work not only provides a deeper understanding of the dipole orientation-related interface interactions on the photoexcited charge transfer of graphene/InSe heterostructures, but also enriches the saturable absorber family for ultrafast photonics application.

Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional Chinese medicine and its major active ingredients are ganoderma triterpenoids (GTs). To screen for transcription factors (TFs) that involved in the biosynthetic pathway of GTs in G. lucidum, the chemical composition in mycelia, primordium and fruiting body were analyzed, and the transcriptomes of mycelia induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were analyzed. In addition, the expression level data of MeJA-responsive TFs in mycelia, primordia and fruiting body were downloaded from the database, and the correlation analysis was carried out between their expression profiles and the content of total triterpenoids. The results showed that a total of 89 components were identified, and the content of total triterpenoids was the highest in primordium, followed by fruiting body and mycelia. There were 103 differentially expressed TFs that response to MeJA-induction including 95 upregulated and 8 downregulated genes. These TFs were classified into 22 families including C2H2 (15), TFII-related (12), HTH (9), fungal (8), bZIP (6), HMG (5), DADS (2), etc. Correlation analysis showed that the expression level of GL23559 (MADS), GL26472 (HTH), and GL31187 (HMG) showed a positive correlation with the GTs content, respectively. While the expression level of GL25628 (fungal) and GL26980 (PHD) showed a negative correlation with the GTs content, respectively. Furthermore, the over expression of the Glmhr1 gene (GL25628) in Pichia pastoris GS115 indicated that it might be a negative regulator of GT biosynthesis through decreasing the production of lanosterol. This study provided useful information for a better understanding of the regulation of TFs involved in GT biosynthesis and fungal growth in G. lucidum.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) can accelerate patient recovery. However, little research has been done on optimizing the ERAS-related measures and how the measures interact with each other. The Bayesian network (BN) is a graphical model that describes the dependencies between variables and is also a model for uncertainty reasoning. In this study, we aimed to develop a method for optimizing anesthetic decisions in ERAS and then investigate the relationship between anesthetic decisions and outcomes. First, assuming that the indicators used were independent, the effects of combinations of single indicators were analyzed based on BN. Additionally, the impact indicators for outcomes were selected with statistical tests. Then, based on the previously selected indicators, the Bayesian network was constructed using the proposed structure learning method based on Strongly Connected Components (SCC) Local Structure determination by Hill Climbing Twice (LSHCT) and adjusted according to the expert’s knowledge. Finally, the relationship is analyzed. The proposed method is validated by the real clinical data of patients with benign gynecological tumors from 3 hospitals in China. Postoperative length of stay (LOS) and total cost (TC) were chosen as the outcomes. Experimental results show that the ERAS protocol has some pivotal indicators influencing LOS and TC. Identifying the relationship between these indicators can help anesthesiologists optimize the ERAS protocol and make individualized decisions.

Halechiniscus janus sp. nov. (Figs 2–5, Table 2) Diagnosis: Halechiniscus with a cylindrical body; cuticle finely punctuated; head with a complete set of cephalic cirri. Primary clava and cirrus A with a common cirrophore; cirrus A longer than the primary clava; semispherical secondary clava not fused with a flat, almost indistinct, tertiary clava. Sensory organs on legs I divided, undivided on legs II and III; papillate sensory organs on legs IV with short distal bipartite tips. All legs terminated with four wrinkled digits without peduncles or proximal pads; internal digits slightly longer than external digits; each digit terminates in a large simple crescent-shaped claw. Female gonopore rosette-like. Pair of elongated seminal receptacles and long S-shaped seminal receptacle ducts opening ventrally and latero-posteriorly in relation to the female gonopore. Male gonopore is a circular opening of a short tube. Etymology: The specific epithet janus refers to Janus, the god of transitions in the Roman mythology, depicted as a man with two faces. The specific epithet alludes to the fact that some characters exhibited by the new species can be found in other halechiniscid species also, such as a semispherical secondary clavae and the morphology of seminal receptacles and ducts similar to those of the Euclavartinae, and cirri A and primary clavae sharing a common cirrophore as in the Halechiniscinae. Material examined: Holotype, adult male (slide B6418400009) collected at station 2019MCA-MC04; allotype, adult female (slide B6418400028) collected at station 2019MA-MC02, both mounted in glycerine, and 25 paratypes (6 females, 4 males, 1 second-instar larva, 9 first-instar larvae and 5 specimens of undetermined gender and life stage). Eight paratypes were collected at station 2019MCA-MC01: two females (slide B6418400011 and B6418400017), five first instar larvae (one slide B6418400018 and four SEM stubs: B6418400012, B6418400013, B6418400014 and B6418400015) and one specimen of undetermined gender and life stage (SEM stub B6418400016). Eight paratypes were collected at station 2019MA-MC02: two females (slide B6418400027 and SEM stub B6418400030), one male (slide B6418400026), one second-instar larva (SEM stub B6418400031), three first-instar larvae (SEM stub B6418400034, slides B6418400032 and B6418400033) and one specimen of undetermined gender and life stage (SEM stub B6418400029). Three paratypes were collected at station 2019MA-MC03: two females (slides B6418400023 and B6418400025) and one male (slide B6418400024). One paratype, a specimen of undetermined gender and life stage (slide B6418400010), was collected at station 2019MCA-MC04. Four paratypes were collected at station 2019MA-MC05: two males (SEM stubs B6418400020 and B6418400022), one first-instar larva (SEM stub B6418400019) and one specimen of undetermined gender and life stage (SEM stub B6418400021). One paratype, a specimen of undetermined gender and life stage (slide B6418400035), was collected at station 2021MCA-MC01. Unfortunately, one specimen mounted on slide (B6418400023) and three specimens on SEM stubs (B6418400019, B6418400020 and B6418400034) were lost during the study. Type locality: The South China Sea (Western Pacific Ocean, 21.1934°N, 118.0933°E), 1540 m bsl. Type repository: The type material (slides and SEM stubs) is deposited in Lin’an Base Sample Bank of the Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China. Description: Morphometric data are provided in Table 2. The body is elongated and cylindrical. The conical head is separated from the trunk by a slight neck constriction (Fig. 2). The dorsal cuticle, with dorsal metameric folds, is punctuated by fine epicuticular pillars. Ventrally the cuticle is almost smooth. The cuticular punctuation is present also in the coxal portions of legs. Eyes were not observed prior to mounting on slides. 1 Measurements of four specimens, one from the Mediterranean Sea (Banyuls-sur-Mer, France) and three from the Tyrrhenian Sea (Naples, Italy), by Schulz (1955). 2 Measurements of two specimens, one from the Pacific Ocean (New Caledonia) and the other from the Atlantic Ocean (Brest), by Renaud-Mornant (1970). A complete set of cephalic appendages is present (Fig. 3A), consisting of an unpaired median cirrus, and remaining paired organs: internal cirri, external cirri located latero-ventrally, cirri A, primary, secondary, and tertiary clavae. All cephalic cirri with cirrophores (very short in internal and external cirri). Each cephalic cirrus is divided into scapus and flagellum, which is subdivided into a tubular portion and thinner distal portion. Cirrus A and primary clava share a common cirrophore. Primary clavae much shorter than cirri A. Primary clava, inserted ventrally in relation to cirrus A, is sausage-shaped with van der Land’s body at its base. The semispherical secondary clava is located between the internal and external cirrus (Figs 3A–B). Flat tertiary clavae, almost indistinct and not fused with secondary clavae, can be hardly observed ventrally, between external cirri. Although their complete contours are difficult to recognize, tertiary clavae appear as a D-shaped structure (Figs 3A, C). FFIGURE 3. Halechiniscus janus sp. nov. — head structures: A. The head of a paratype B6418400012 (SEM photo, scale bar=4 µm); B. Lateral view of the secondary clava of holotype B6418400009 (DIC photo, scale bar=10 µm); C. Ventral view of the tertiary clava (paratype B6418400035, DIC photo, scale bar=10 µm), insert shows the edge of tertiary clava (dashed line); D. pharyngeal bulb (paratype B6418400028, DIC photo, scale bar=10 µm). Abbreviations: bt—buccal tube; ca—cirrus A; ec—external cirrus; ic—internal cirrus; mc—median cirrus; pb—pharyngeal bulb; pc—primary clava; sc—secondary clava; st—stylet; tc—tertiary clava. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus (Fig. 3D) consists of the antero-ventral mouth opening surrounded by a thick mouth ring, buccal tube (18–25 µm long), paired stylets (21–38 µm long), three long simple placoids and a spherical muscle pharynx (diameter 14–19 µm). Stylet supports seem to be present but this character needs to be confirmed. Cirri E are inserted on a short cirrophore and have an annulated scapus and long, thin flagellum (Figs 2C, 4B). Four pairs of legs. Each leg consists of coxa, femur, tibia and tarsus, which terminates with four wrinkled digits. Each digit terminated by a large (5–6 µm long), simple crescent-shaped claw, entirely retractable into a membranous sheath. Digits are longer on legs IV than on legs I–III and; on each leg, internal digits are slightly longer than the external ones. Digits without basal pads or peduncles (Figs 4A, E–F). Sensory organs present on all legs. Sensory organs on legs I divided into scapus and flagellum. The flagellum is subdivided into a tubular portion and a distal, shorter and thinner portion (Fig. 4A). Sensory organs on legs II–III are undivided spines (Fig. 2). On legs IV, each sensory organ consists of a proximal portion (cirrophore) followed by a short papilla with van der Land’s body at base and terminated by a short tip (1–2 µm long). A careful observation of the tip reveals that it is bipartite (Figs 4C–D). The female gonopore has the typical six-lobed rosette-like appearance, its diameter is about 6 µm and it is positioned at a 10 µm distance from the anus (Figs 5A–B). The male gonopore (4–5 µm in diameter) is a circular opening of a short tube (Figs 5C–D), close to the anus (distance anus–gonopore about 5 µm). The anus is a sinuous slit between two longitudinally elongated lateral lobes (Fig. 5D). Seminal receptacles are elongated vesicles, continued by long S-shaped seminal receptacle ducts. Each seminal receptacle duct leaves the seminal receptacle posteriorly, then loops immediately frontwards and after a second loop it turns backwards again to open ventrally after a small internal receptacle duct pouch, located latero-posteriorly, but far away from the gonopore (Figs 5A–B). Males are very similar to females in qualitative characters, except for their circular gonopore, which is also located closer to the anus. Two-clawed larvae (first-instar), with the exception of missing external digits, anus and gonopore, and the second-instar larva, with four digits but without visible gonopore, exhibit all other characteristics as in the adults. The sample size is too small and does not allow to draw any conclusions about morphometric differences between the sexes and life stages (Table 2)., Published as part of Bai, Lifen, Wang, Xiaogu, Gao, Xiaohui, Li, Yujie & Fontoura, Paulo, 2022, First record of a deep-sea tardigrade from the South China Sea, Halechiniscus janus sp. nov. (Arthrotardigrada: Halechiniscidae), pp. 425-439 in Zootaxa 5159 (3) on pages 428-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5159.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6781849, {"references":["Schulz, E. (1955) Studien an marinen Tardigraden. Kiel Meeresforschungen, 11, 73 - 79.","Renaud-Mornant, J. (1970) Campagne d'essais du \" Jean Charcot \" (3 - 8 Decembre 1968) 8. Meiobenthos. II. Tardigrades. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Serie 4 e, 42 (5), 957 - 969."]}

Halechiniscus janus sp. nov. (Figs 2–5, Table 2) Diagnosis: Halechiniscus with a cylindrical body; cuticle finely punctuated; head with a complete set of cephalic cirri. Primary clava and cirrus A with a common cirrophore; cirrus A longer than the primary clava; semispherical secondary clava not fused with a flat, almost indistinct, tertiary clava. Sensory organs on legs I divided, undivided on legs II and III; papillate sensory organs on legs IV with short distal bipartite tips. All legs terminated with four wrinkled digits without peduncles or proximal pads; internal digits slightly longer than external digits; each digit terminates in a large simple crescent-shaped claw. Female gonopore rosette-like. Pair of elongated seminal receptacles and long S-shaped seminal receptacle ducts opening ventrally and latero-posteriorly in relation to the female gonopore. Male gonopore is a circular opening of a short tube. Etymology: The specific epithet janus refers to Janus, the god of transitions in the Roman mythology, depicted as a man with two faces. The specific epithet alludes to the fact that some characters exhibited by the new species can be found in other halechiniscid species also, such as a semispherical secondary clavae and the morphology of seminal receptacles and ducts similar to those of the Euclavartinae, and cirri A and primary clavae sharing a common cirrophore as in the Halechiniscinae. Material examined: Holotype, adult male (slide B6418400009) collected at station 2019MCA-MC04; allotype, adult female (slide B6418400028) collected at station 2019MA-MC02, both mounted in glycerine, and 25 paratypes (6 females, 4 males, 1 second-instar larva, 9 first-instar larvae and 5 specimens of undetermined gender and life stage). Eight paratypes were collected at station 2019MCA-MC01: two females (slide B6418400011 and B6418400017), five first instar larvae (one slide B6418400018 and four SEM stubs: B6418400012, B6418400013, B6418400014 and B6418400015) and one specimen of undetermined gender and life stage (SEM stub B6418400016). Eight paratypes were collected at station 2019MA-MC02: two females (slide B6418400027 and SEM stub B6418400030), one male (slide B6418400026), one second-instar larva (SEM stub B6418400031), three first-instar larvae (SEM stub B6418400034, slides B6418400032 and B6418400033) and one specimen of undetermined gender and life stage (SEM stub B6418400029). Three paratypes were collected at station 2019MA-MC03: two females (slides B6418400023 and B6418400025) and one male (slide B6418400024). One paratype, a specimen of undetermined gender and life stage (slide B6418400010), was collected at station 2019MCA-MC04. Four paratypes were collected at station 2019MA-MC05: two males (SEM stubs B6418400020 and B6418400022), one first-instar larva (SEM stub B6418400019) and one specimen of undetermined gender and life stage (SEM stub B6418400021). One paratype, a specimen of undetermined gender and life stage (slide B6418400035), was collected at station 2021MCA-MC01. Unfortunately, one specimen mounted on slide (B6418400023) and three specimens on SEM stubs (B6418400019, B6418400020 and B6418400034) were lost during the study. Type locality: The South China Sea (Western Pacific Ocean, 21.1934°N, 118.0933°E), 1540 m bsl. Type repository: The type material (slides and SEM stubs) is deposited in Lin’an Base Sample Bank of the Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China. Description: Morphometric data are provided in Table 2. The body is elongated and cylindrical. The conical head is separated from the trunk by a slight neck constriction (Fig. 2). The dorsal cuticle, with dorsal metameric folds, is punctuated by fine epicuticular pillars. Ventrally the cuticle is almost smooth. The cuticular punctuation is present also in the coxal portions of legs. Eyes were not observed prior to mounting on slides. 1 Measurements of four specimens, one from the Mediterranean Sea (Banyuls-sur-Mer, France) and three from the Tyrrhenian Sea (Naples, Italy), by Schulz (1955). 2 Measurements of two specimens, one from the Pacific Ocean (New Caledonia) and the other from the Atlantic Ocean (Brest), by Renaud-Mornant (1970). A complete set of cephalic appendages is present (Fig. 3A), consisting of an unpaired median cirrus, and remaining paired organs: internal cirri, external cirri located latero-ventrally, cirri A, primary, secondary, and tertiary clavae. All cephalic cirri with cirrophores (very short in internal and external cirri). Each cephalic cirrus is divided into scapus and flagellum, which is subdivided into a tubular portion and thinner distal portion. Cirrus A and primary clava share a common cirrophore. Primary clavae much shorter than cirri A. Primary clava, inserted ventrally in relation to cirrus A, is sausage-shaped with van der Land’s body at its base. The semispherical secondary clava is located between the internal and external cirrus (Figs 3A–B). Flat tertiary clavae, almost indistinct and not fused with secondary clavae, can be hardly observed ventrally, between external cirri. Although their complete contours are difficult to recognize, tertiary clavae appear as a D-shaped structure (Figs 3A, C). FFIGURE 3. Halechiniscus janus sp. nov. — head structures: A. The head of a paratype B6418400012 (SEM photo, scale bar=4 µm); B. Lateral view of the secondary clava of holotype B6418400009 (DIC photo, scale bar=10 µm); C. Ventral view of the tertiary clava (paratype B6418400035, DIC photo, scale bar=10 µm), insert shows the edge of tertiary clava (dashed line); D. pharyngeal bulb (paratype B6418400028, DIC photo, scale bar=10 µm). Abbreviations: bt—buccal tube; ca—cirrus A; ec—external cirrus; ic—internal cirrus; mc—median cirrus; pb—pharyngeal bulb; pc—primary clava; sc—secondary clava; st—stylet; tc—tertiary clava. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus (Fig. 3D) consists of the antero-ventral mouth opening surrounded by a thick mouth ring, buccal tube (18–25 µm long), paired stylets (21–38 µm long), three long simple placoids and a spherical muscle pharynx (diameter 14–19 µm). Stylet supports seem to be present but this character needs to be confirmed. Cirri E are inserted on a short cirrophore and have an annulated scapus and long, thin flagellum (Figs 2C, 4B). Four pairs of legs. Each leg consists of coxa, femur, tibia and tarsus, which terminates with four wrinkled digits. Each digit terminated by a large (5–6 µm long), simple crescent-shaped claw, entirely retractable into a membranous sheath. Digits are longer on legs IV than on legs I–III and; on each leg, internal digits are slightly longer than the external ones. Digits without basal pads or peduncles (Figs 4A, E–F). Sensory organs present on all legs. Sensory organs on legs I divided into scapus and flagellum. The flagellum is subdivided into a tubular portion and a distal, shorter and thinner portion (Fig. 4A). Sensory organs on legs II–III are undivided spines (Fig. 2). On legs IV, each sensory organ consists of a proximal portion (cirrophore) followed by a short papilla with van der Land’s body at base and terminated by a short tip (1–2 µm long). A careful observation of the tip reveals that it is bipartite (Figs 4C–D). The female gonopore has the typical six-lobed rosette-like appearance, its diameter is about 6 µm and it is positioned at a 10 µm distance from the anus (Figs 5A–B). The male gonopore (4–5 µm in diameter) is a circular opening of a short tube (Figs 5C–D), close to the anus (distance anus–gonopore about 5 µm). The anus is a sinuous slit between two longitudinally elongated lateral lobes (Fig. 5D). Seminal receptacles are elongated vesicles, continued by long S-shaped seminal receptacle ducts. Each seminal receptacle duct leaves the seminal receptacle posteriorly, then loops immediately frontwards and after a second loop it turns backwards again to open ventrally after a small internal receptacle duct pouch, located latero-posteriorly, but far away from the gonopore (Figs 5A–B). Males are very similar to females in qualitative characters, except for their circular gonopore, which is also located closer to the anus. Two-clawed larvae (first-instar), with the exception of missing external digits, anus and gonopore, and the second-instar larva, with four digits but without visible gonopore, exhibit all other characteristics as in the adults. The sample size is too small and does not allow to draw any conclusions about morphometric differences between the sexes and life stages (Table 2).

In this study, we investigated the properties of entanglement of an optomechanical system including two mechanical oscillators, where two mechanical oscillators are coupled with the cavity field in different coupling modes: the interaction between one mechanical oscillator and cavity field is first-order coupling, and the interaction between the other and the cavity field is quadratic coupling. On the one hand, the entanglement between two mechanical oscillators is studied. The influence of the frequency of the cavity field, the mass of mechanical oscillators, and the temperature of mechanical oscillators on the entanglement between two mechanical oscillators are investigated. On the other hand, for the given parameters of the system, we also obtained the entanglement between the cavity field and the mechanical oscillator that has a quadratic coupling. Compared with the entanglement between microscopic particles, the stable macroscopic quantum entanglement between two mechanical oscillators has the characteristics of long existence life and can be reused, and it also plays an important role in quantum information processing and quantum network construction.

Radiomics with deep learning models have become popular in computer-aided diagnosis and have outperformed human experts on many clinical tasks. Specifically, radiomic models based on artificial intelligence (AI) are using medical data (i.e., images, molecular data, clinical variables, etc.) for predicting clinical tasks like Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In this review, we summarized and discussed the radiomic techniques used for ASD analysis. Currently, the limited radiomic work of ASD is related to variation of morphological features of brain thickness that is different from texture analysis. These techniques are based on imaging shape features that can be used with predictive models for predicting ASD. This review explores the progress of ASD-based radiomics with a brief description of ASD and the current non-invasive technique used to classify between ASD and Healthy Control (HC) subjects. With AI, new radiomic models using the deep learning techniques will be also described. To consider the texture analysis with deep CNNs, more investigations are suggested to be integrated with additional validation steps on various MRI sites.

The shear properties of carbonate sand and structure interface are of significance for the engineering construction. The parallel paper (Rui et al. in Acta Geotech, 2020) focuses on the monotonic behavior of the interface between carbonate sand and steel. In this paper, by a series of shear tests on the interface between carbonate sand and steel, the evolutions of interface strength during cyclic interface shear were investigated. Further, the influences of cyclic amplitude, particle size, surface roughness and normal stress on the sand–steel interface shear behavior were discussed. Using a kind of transparent ring, the particle movements near the interface were observed to explain the mechanism during cyclic interface shear. The experimental results show that the shear zone appears near the interface, and is mainly composed of crushed fine particles and original particles. With lower steel roughness condition, the volume contraction is dominant in cyclic interface shear, while the dilation and contraction occur alternatively for higher roughness, which leads to higher interface shear strength. Compared with monotonic shear, the thickness of shear zone after cyclic shear is relatively small. Cyclic interface shear can lead to more fine particles, but less is embedded into the interface. It is found that under cyclic shearing, the interaction between particles and steel is enhanced, which is the main factor for promoting the interface strength, so interface strength in cyclic shear is higher than that in monotonic shear.

With the booming growth of e-commerce, detecting financial fraud has become an urgent task to avoid transaction risks. Despite the successful applications of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in fraud detection, the existing solutions are only suitable for a narrow scope due to the limitation in data collection. Especially when expanding a business into new territory, e.g., new cities or new countries, developing a totally new model will bring the cost issue and result in forgetting previous knowledge. Moreover, recent works strive to devise GNNs to expose the implicit interactions behind financial transactions. However, most existing GNNs-based solutions concentrate on either homogeneous graphs or decomposing heterogeneous interactions into several homogeneous connections for convenience. To this end, this study proposes a novel solution based on heterogeneous trade graphs, namely HTG-CFD, to prevent knowledge forgetting of cross-regional fraud detection. In particular, the heterogeneous trade graph (HTG) is meticulously constructed from original transaction records to explore the complex semantics among different types of entities and relationships. And motivated by recent continual learning, we present a practical and task-oriented forgetting prevention method to alleviate knowledge forgetting in the context of cross-regional detection. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed HTG-CFD not only promotes the performance in cross-regional scenarios but also significantly contributes to single-regional fraud detection.

Objectives. Tai chi (TC) is a potential complementary treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This overview systematically summarizes and evaluates the existing evidence of TC in the treatment of T2DM. Methods. Systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses (MAs) on TC interventions for T2DM were comprehensively searched in seven databases. Methodological quality, risk of bias, reporting quality, and quality of evidence were assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2), the Risk of Bias in Systematic (ROBIS) scale, the list of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Results. Eight published SRs/MAs were included in our study. Based on the methodology and quality of evidence assessment, all SRs/MAs are considered to be of very low quality, and only 1 SR/MA has been assessed as low risk of bias, and none of the SR/MA has been fully reported on the checklist. A total of 65 outcome indicators extracted from the included SRs/MAs were evaluated, and only 1 item was assessed as high quality. Conclusions. TC may be an effective and safe complementary treatment for T2DM. However, this conclusion must be treated with caution because the quality of the evidence provided by the included SRs/MAs is generally low.

要約のみ, 課程

Additional file 1. Supplementary Figures (Figure S1���S4) and supplementary Tables (Table S1���S3).

Supplementary Material 2

While randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for evidence-based medicine, they do not always reflect the real condition of patients in the real-world setting, which limits their generalizability and external validity. Real-world evidence (RWE), generated during routine clinical practice, is increasingly important in determining external effectiveness of the tightly controlled conditions of RCTs and is well recognized as a valuable complement to RCTs by regulatory bodies currently. Since it could provide new ideas and methods for clinical efficacy and safety evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and high-quality evidence support, real-world study (RWS) has received great attention in the field of medicine, especially in the field of TCM. RWS has shown desirable adaptability in the clinical diagnosis and treatment practice of traditional Chinese medicine. Consequently, it is increasingly essential for physicians and researchers to understand how RWE can be used alongside clinical trial data on TCM. Here, we discuss what real-world study is and outline the benefits and limitations of real-world study. Furthermore, using examples from TCM treatment on cancer, including Chinese herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, integrated TCM and Western medicine treatment, and other treatments, we elaborate how RWE can be used to help inform treatment decisions when doctoring patients with cancer in the clinic.

This paper studies how to flexibly integrate reconstructed 3D models into practical 3D modeling pipelines such as 3D scene creation and rendering. Due to the technical difficulty, one can only obtain rough 3D models (R3DMs) for most real objects using existing 3D reconstruction techniques. As a result, physically-based rendering (PBR) would render low-quality images or videos for scenes that are constructed by R3DMs. One promising solution would be representing real-world objects as Neural Fields such as NeRFs, which are able to generate photo-realistic renderings of an object under desired viewpoints. However, a drawback is that the synthesized views through Neural Fields Rendering (NFR) cannot reflect the simulated lighting details on R3DMs in PBR pipelines, especially when object interactions in the 3D scene creation cause local shadows. To solve this dilemma, we propose a lighting transfer network (LighTNet) to bridge NFR and PBR, such that they can benefit from each other. LighTNet reasons about a simplified image composition model, remedies the uneven surface issue caused by R3DMs, and is empowered by several perceptual-motivated constraints and a new Lab angle loss which enhances the contrast between lighting strength and colors. Comparisons demonstrate that LighTNet is superior in synthesizing impressive lighting, and is promising in pushing NFR further in practical 3D modeling workflows. Project page: https://3d-front-future.github.io/LighTNet .

Additional file 1: Figure S1 The chemical structure of 3-(11-bromoundecanoate)-cholesterol. Figure S2 Snapshots showing the spontaneous self-assembly of PLPC into a bilayer. The PLPC and undecane-glucose conjugate is depicted as yellow and cyan respectively, blue is nitrogen atom in phospholipids, red is oxygen atom in conjugates. Note that water molecules are not shown. Figure S3 Snapshots showing the spontaneous self-assembly of PLPC into a bilayer. The PLPC and arbutin is depicted as yellow and cyan respectively, blue is nitrogen atom in phospholipids, red is oxygen atom in conjugates. Note that water molecules are not shown. Figure S4 Snapshots showing the spontaneous self-assembly of PLPC into a bilayer. The PLPC and cholesterol is depicted as yellow and cyan respectively, blue is nitrogen atom in phospholipids, red is oxygen atom in conjugates. Note that water molecules are not shown. Figure S5 1H NMR spectrum of 3-(11-bromoundecanoate)-cholesterol. Figure S6 13C NMR spectrum of 3-(11-bromoundecanoate)-cholesterol. Figure S7 Infrared spectrum of 3-(11-bromoundecanoate)-cholesterol. Figure S8 1H NMR spectrum of cholesterol-undecanoate-glucose conjugate. Figure S9 13C NMR spectrum of cholesterol-undecanoate-glucose conjugate. Figure S10 COSY spectrum of Cholesterol-undecanoate-glucose conjugate. Figure S11 HSQC spectrum of Cholesterol-undecanoate-glucose conjugate. Figure S12 HMBC spectrum of Cholesterol-undecanoate-glucose conjugate. Figure S13 ESI mass spectrum of Cholesterol-undecanoate-glucose conjugate. Figure S14 Infrared spectrum of Cholesterol-undecanoate-glucose conjugate. Figure S15 is TEM image of iv-ART/TMP@lipoBX Figure S16 Particle size distribution of iv-ART/TMP@lipoBX. Figure S17 DSC spectrum of iv-ART/TMP@lipoBX.

As a result of China’s urbanization, it has been a common phenomenon that adjacent deep excavations were constructed near underground structures, which can have a series of detrimental effects on existing tunnels. Thus, it is crucial to assess the tunnel response induced by the overlying excavation, with the aim of maintaining the safety and serviceability of operating tunnels. The shield tunnel is idealized as an infinite beam lying upon a three parameter Kerr-model and the vertical force equilibrium equation of the tunnel element is established. Then, a theoretical solution is derived for capturing the soil–tunnel interaction. To prove the accuracy of the proposed method, the calculation results are compared with field measurements, along with the data of finite element studies. Thereafter, a parametric analysis will be conducted to assess some characteristic factors for tunnel responses caused by overlying excavations, such as tunnel-excavation horizontal distance, tunnel bending stiffness, and the buried depth of the tunnel. The results indicate that the increase in the bending stiffness and the buried depth of tunnel, as well as the tunnel-excavation horizontal distance, will significantly alleviate the tunnel deformation. However, the inner force will be increased when increasing the tunnel bending stiffness.

A 2D ferroelectric β-InSe/graphene heterostructure was fabricated by mechanical exfoliation, and the carrier dynamics crossing the heterostructure interface has been systematically investigated by Raman, photoluminescence, and transient absorption measurements. Due to the efficient interfacial photo excited electron transfer and photogating effect from trapped holes, the heterostructure devices demonstrate superior performance with a maximum responsivity of 2.12 × 104 A W−1, detectivity of 1.73 × 1014 Jones, and fast response time (241 μs) under λ = 532 nm laser illumination. Furthermore, the photo responses influenced by the ferroelectric polarization field are investigated. Our work confirms a ferroelectric β-InSe/graphene heterostructure as an outstanding material platform for sensitive optoelectronic applications.

Background: Compound medicines (traditional Chinese medicines [TCM] formulae) are the main means of treating diseases in TCM. Now, for the convenience of clinical use, there are a lot of Chinese patent medicines (proprietary Chinese medicine) on the market. However, the preparation of Chinese patent medicine needs to solve 2 key problems. One is as far as possible to keep crude drug's active ingredients, and the second is the cost control of industrialization; in this article, the extraction process for the proprietary Chinese medicine of the classic TCM formula, Duliang formula, has been studied effectively. Objective: To investigate the optimal ethanol-based extraction process for Duliang formula by central composite design and response surface methodology. Materials and methods: Central composite design was used to carry out a 3-factor 5-level study for a comprehensive evaluation of the extraction process of Duliang formula after normalization processing, with the ethanol concentration, solvent volume, duration, and times of extraction as investigation factors to consider; also, the contents of imperatorin, ferulic acid, and extract yield were determined as Quality Control indicators. Multiple linear regression, binomial fitting, and response surface methodology were used to analyze and determine the optimal ethanol-based extraction process for Duliang formula and predict its extraction parameters. Results: The determined optimal ethanol-based extraction process was thermal reflux extraction twice with 11 times of 90% ethanol for 2.5 h each time. The overall desirability for the “Normalization Value” evaluation was 0.7681, with a deviation of −0.99% (

High salt seriously reduces plant growth in wheat by depressing photosynthetic carbon assimilation. In this study, wheat plants were firstly primed with nano-ZnO (50 mg L−1), and after 20-day recov...

Accurate and reliable long-term runoff forecasting is very important for water resource system planning and management. This study utilized three data-driven models to simulate and forecast the monthly runoff series of the Huangzhuang hydrological station from 1981 to 2017. To improve the accuracy and reduce the uncertainty, two model averaging techniques were applied to merge forecast results of the different models, and 90% confidence intervals were derived using Monte Carlo sampling. Several indices were used to evaluate the results of three data-driven models and two model averaging techniques. Among the many discoveries in this paper, the following stand out: (i) in general, the random forest (RF) algorithm presented nearly the same accuracy as did the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm, and both were superior to the support vector machine (SVM) method; however, none of the models consistently provided the best result in all months; (ii) the comparison of the deterministic results indicated that Copula-Bayesian model averaging (BMA) exhibited smaller errors than did BMA, especially for the points whose uniform quantiles ranged within (0.125, 0.35) and (0.5, 0.625); and (iii) in most cases, the 90% confidence interval of the Copula-BMA scheme had higher containing ratio values, smaller average relative bandwidth values in the high-flow months, and smaller average relative deviation amplitudes than did BMA.

Na Sun,1,* Lingzhou Zhao,1,* Jingyi Zhu,2,* Yujie Li,1 Ningning Song,1 Yan Xing,1 Wenli Qiao,1 He Huang,2 Jinhua Zhao11Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China; 2State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: Polyethylenimine (PEI) has been widely used as a versatile template to develop multifunctional nanosystems for disease diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we manufactured iodine-131 (131I)-labeled PEI-entrapped gold nanoparticles (Au PENPs) as a novel nanoprobe for single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging and radionuclide therapy.Materials and methods: PEI was PEGylated and sequentially conjugated with Buthus martensii Karsch chlorotoxin (BmK CT, a tumor-specific ligand which can selectively bind to MMP2), 3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid-OSu (HPAO), and fluorescein isothiocyanate to form the multifunctional PEI template for entrapment of Au NPs. Then, the PEI surface was radiolabeled with 131I via HPAO to produce the novel nanoprobe (BmK CT-Au PENPs-131I).Results: The synthesized multifunctional Au PENPs before and after 131I radiolabeling were well-characterized as follows: structure, X-ray attenuation coefficient, colloid stability, cytocompatibility, and radiochemical stability in vitro. Furthermore, BmK CT-Au PENPs-131I were suitable for targeted SPECT/CT imaging and radionuclide therapy of tumor cells in vitro and in a xenograft tumor model in vivo.Conclusion: The developed multifunctional Au PENPs are a promising theranostic platform for targeted imaging and treatment of different MMP2-overexpressing tumors.Keywords: polyethylenimine, BmK CT, gold nanoparticles, SPECT/CT imaging, radionuclide therapy

Li Qingzhao (1084-ca. 1155?) is widely lauded as the most celebrated and talented woman poet in the history of classical Chinese literature. This study, with the theoretical guidance of Dr. Wang Feng’s “Harmony-Guided Three-Level Poetry Translation Criteria”, focuses on a comparative analysis of the collected renditions of the ci-poem “to the tune of Tipsy in Flower Shade” at the macro, middle and micro levels, to further promote the translation and communication of classical Chinese literature. This study aims to exert far-reaching influences on the process of Chinese literature going global, which has unprecedented contemporary significance.

Zhongjian Xie,1 Yun Chen,2 Sirel Gurbuz,3 Bin Zhang,2 Yujie Li,2 Fan Bai,2 Yu Chen2 1Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; 2Eli Lilly Suzhou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA Objective: To bridge the efficacy and compare the safety of the 24-week teriparatide treatment in a Chinese osteoporosis study (NCT00414973) to a large international trial (FPT, NCT00670501) to determine whether long-term results from the international study were applicable to Chinese patients. Methods: In this post-hoc analysis, a propensity score matching method was used to select patients with similar baseline characteristics. Patients were female with osteoporosis at high risk of fracture, aged ≥55years, and had no history of rheumatoid arthritis or corticosteroid use. Outcomes included percentage changes in lumbar-spine bone mineral density (LS-BMD) from baseline to 24weeks, safety in matched-pair patients, and long-term percentage changes in LS-BMD and fragility fracture incidence in the matched fracture prevention trial (FPT) population. The determination of the acceptability of bridging results was based on the International Conference on Harmonization E5 guidelines. Results: A total number of 228 patients from each study were matched and paired. Patients were similar at baseline (P-values >0.33) except for ethnicity (98% Caucasian for FPT). For changes in LS-BMD from baseline to week 24, treatment with teriparatide showed significantly greater increases (P-values

The railway track fasteners play a critical role in fixing the track on the ballast bed. Achieving full automation of the fastener defect detection is significant in terms of ensuring track safety, and reducing maintains cost. In this paper, innovative and intelligent methods using image processing technologies and deep learning networks are proposed. In the first part, the traditional fastener positioning method based on image processing is reconsidered. In addition, a novel fastener defect detection and identification method using Dense-SIFT features is proposed which can achieve a better performance than the methods available in the literature. In the second part, VGG16 is trained for fastener defect detection and recognition. The result demonstrates that it is possible to carry out the defect detection of fasteners with CNN. Finally, Faster R-CNN is used for fastener defect detection to advance detection rate and efficiency. The fastener positioning and recognition can be carried out simultaneously. The time for the defect detection and classification is only one-tenth of the other methods mentioned above.

A new method to improve the passing performance of monorail train driving on a curve by adjusting the width of monorail beams is proposed. Equations for deformation of steering wheel and stabilizing wheel with respect to the contact relationship between monorail beams and trains are derived by geometric analysis. Then two kinds of adjustment schemes are proposed, equal width adjustment method and unequal width adjustment method. A curved guide way of radius 100 m is taken for the example to verify the validity of the improved method by comparing the tire deformation of monorail train driving on the beams before and after the adjustment of width. The results show that the improved adjustment method for the width of monorail beam is efficient to reduce tire deformation when the monorail train travels on a curve. For the guide way of radius 100 m, width of the beams should be reduced by 7 mm when the equal width adjustment method is adopted. When the unequal width adjustment method is adopted, the width of monorail beams at the position of steering wheel carriageway and stabilizing wheel carriageway should be reduced by 10 mm and 5 mm, respectively.

Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is an innovative ground improvement technique that utilizes bacteria to induce calcium carbonate precipitation to cement soil particles. In ...

High voltage switches are indispensable in power system which will control and protect the high voltage lines. According to the research of high voltage switch equipment accident rate in the international conference on power grid for according, the high voltage switch equipment mechanical failure accidents accounted for more than 70%. Thus, it is meaningful to research the switch monitoring technology and develop an integration device with easy installation and reliable data transmission. In this paper, a new type of non-contact current sensor is used to develop the online monitoring system for the mechanical characteristics of HV switches, which will monitor and analyze the action characteristics of the opening coil, closing coil and energy storage motor.

This publication is part of the proceedings of the Biot-Bažant Conference on Engineering Mechanics and Physics of Porous Materials, which took place virtually on June 1-3, 2021. It contains a one-page abstract and the video of the talk that was given at the conference.

Additional file 1: Sup Fig. 1. PCA of transcriptome sequencing. The X21CK.V23, X22CK.V23, and X23CK.V23 represent three biological replications of V23 at 0 h cold stress. X1.1 CK VH1, X1.2 CK VH2, and X1.3 CK VH3 represent three biological replications of VH3 at 0 h cold stress. The V23.1, V23.2, and V23.3 represent three biological replications of V23 at 40 h cold stress. The VH3.1, VH3.2, and VH3.3 represent three biological replications of VH3 at 4 h cold stress. (A) X and Y axis indicate PC1 and PC2, respectively. (B) X and Y axis indicate PC1 and PC3, respectively. Sup Fig. 2. GA3 contents in V23 and VH3. Data shown re average �� standard error with three replications. ** P < 0.01 (Students' t-test). Sup Table1. The gene gene IDs and names of DEGs. Sup Table 2. Primers used for qRT-PCR.

Assessing collision risk is a critical challenge to effective traffic safety management. The deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to address this issue has shown much promise, given their wide visual field and movement flexibility. This research demonstrates the application of UAVs and V2X connectivity to track the movement of road users and assess potential collisions at intersections. The study uses videos captured by UAVs. The proposed method combines deep-learning based tracking algorithms and time-to-collision tasks. The results not only provide beneficial information for vehicle's recognition of potential crashes and motion planning but also provided a valuable tool for urban road agencies and safety management engineers., Comment: Under review for presentation at TRB 2022 Annual Meeting

Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Methods. The main contents of informed consents; Statistics used in Table S2. Appendix 2. Table S1. The infants who completed the final follow-up at their respective investigational sites. Table S2. The comparison of characteristics of the failure infants and successful infants and their mothers.

Oxyporus (Oxyporus) jiangi sp. nov. (Figs 2 – 8, 14 – 15) Diagnosis. The new species is similar to O. (O.) liuae Zheng from Sichuan Province (Zheng & Li, 2010), but can be distinguished from the following characters: (1) elytra without small black fascia in basal portion of suture; (2) abdominal tergies 5–7 forming large black marking; (3) all abdominal sternites black except 3–6 paratergites yellow; (4) sternite 8 of male almost truncate at posterior margin. Description. Measurement. BL 9.4 mm, FBL 5.5 mm, ML 1.6 mm, HL 1.9 mm, HW 2.2 mm, TL 1.1 mm, AL 1.8 mm, LW 0.7 mm, PL 1.5 mm, PW 1.8 mm, ELL 2.5 mm, ELW 2.8 mm, EYL 0.6 mm, AW 2.5 mm, ESL 1.9 mm. Body moderately stout, surface almost smooth and shining. Head brownish yellow, with spear-shaped black spot on vertex; antennae, labrum, maxillary and labial palpi brownish yellow, mandibles and underside of head black. Pronotum brownish yellow with a dumbbell shape black marking on midline, and scutellum black. Elytra brownish yellow, each with a large black marking at outer apical angle extending from posterior three fifths of lateral margin to apex of suture; prosternum and meso-metasternum black; legs brownish yellow. Abdomen with tergites 3–4 brownish yellow with black median spots; tergites 5–7 forming a large black marking except outside of basolateral ridges brownish yellow; apical portion of tergie 8 brownish yellow, and all abdominal sternites black except 3–6 paratergites yellow (Figs 2–3). Male. Head oval, wider than long (ratio 1.16), broader (ratio 1.22) and longer (ratio 1.27) than pronotum, gently arcuate behind eyes, posterior angles obtuse; eyes slightly large and convex, temples distinctly longer than eyes seen from above (ratio 1.83). Antennae slightly shorter than head (ratio 0.95); segments 1–4 elongate; segments 5–10 transverse, slightly asymmetrical and flattened; apical segment narrower than preceding segment; all antennal segments with long setae near apices, segments 6–10 glabrous medially and covered with fine setae laterally. Labrum broadly and deeply emarginate at anterior margin; mandibles shorter than head (ratio 0.84), moderately broad, inner edges evenly curved to acute apices; maxillary palpi with first segment shortest, second longer than third, slightly wider than last and almost equal in length; apical segment of labial palpi wider than length of eye (ratio 1.17). Clypeus with anterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate medially; frons broadly, shallowly impressed between antennal insertions; vertex nearly smooth. Pronotum wider than long (ratio 1.20), shorter (ratio 0.60) and narrower (ratio 0.64) than elytra, lateral margins slightly sinuate anteriad and subarcuately narrowed posteriad, widest at about anterior third; disc almost impunctate, deeply transversely depressed before middle, two rows of small punctures along anterior margin, a row of small punctures near middle of posterior margin; six setiferous punctures along anterior margin, two ones close to posterior margin, a few ones at or near lateral margins. Scutellum impunctate, surface almost smooth, rounded at apex. Elytra wider than long (ratio 1.12), slightly widened apicad; each elytron with a row of regular small punctures along suture, three longitudinal rows of coarse irregular punctures in middle, a few scattered coarse punctures on medial and lateral sides of rows; apical, lateral, and posterior margins bearing a few short setae. Hide wings well developed. Abdomen with tergites 3–4 each with a pair of pruinous spots in middle; punctation of tergites very sparse and vague, surface between punctures with exceedingly fine and dense microsculpture of transverse striae; sternite 8 black brownish with apical portion brownish yellow, and almost truncate at posterior margin (Figs 4–5). Aedeagus slightly asymmetrical, median lobe somewhat widened apicad and slightly narrowed in base, with apical margin rounded (Figs 6–8); parameras short and slender, gradually narrowed apicad, right lobe and left one each with a minute apical seta at apex (Figs 14–15). Female. Similar to male, but head about as wide as pronotum, mandibles slightly shorter than that of male, posterior margin of sternite 8 arcuately produced. Material examined. Holotype &male;, China, Sichuan, Wolong Natural Reserve, Wenchuan County (30°50'N, 103°15'E; elev. 2400 m), 7 August 2019, coll. Chuan Jiang. Paratypes. 2&female;, same data as holotype. Habitat and distribution. The species was found in fungi. It is at present known from the type locality in Sichuan Province. Etymology. The specific epithet is patronymic in honor of the collector of the type specimens, Mr. Chuan Jiang., Published as part of Yan, Xianghui, Li, Yujie & Zheng, Fake, 2020, Oxyporus (Oxyporus) jiangi sp. nov. and O. (O.) wenchuanus sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Sichuan, China, pp. 126-134 in Zoological Systematics 45 (2) on pages 128-130, DOI: 10.11865/zs.202017, http://zenodo.org/record/5366028

Yan, Xianghui, Li, Yujie, Zheng, Fake (2020): Oxyporus (Oxyporus) jiangi sp. nov. and O. (O.) wenchuanus sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Sichuan, China. Zoological Systematics 45 (2): 126-134, DOI: 10.11865/zs.202017

Background: During EAE progression, the endogenous mechanisms mediating nervous autoimmune inflammation balance, as represented by AXL, were proved to be pathologically disturbed, immune balance and axon repair. Therapeutically, by activating AXL signaling, the inflammatory rebalance from promotion to resolution has attracted increasing attention and showed advantages in autoimmune disease treatment. Previous studies implied that DHA had potential effects in treating autoimmune diseases. However, the detailed mechanisms in inflammation regulation, especially in CNS, remain unclear.Methods: C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG35-55 and treated daily with DHA. Then clinical scores, pathology, and ethology features of EAE were assessed through histological staining (H&E, LFB staining), TEM and gait analysis. Moreover, DHA-responsive cells and genes were screened by 10x Genomics. The immunological responses to DHA were measured by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope in BV2 cells. The concentrations and bio-activities of chemokines were respectively evaluated through ELISA and trans-well assay. Results: After DHA treatment, the clinical scores and body weight were significantly improved. Histologically, mice showed slighter spinal cord lesion, less inflammatory cuffs. By using gait analysis, DHA obviously improved physical coordination. 10x Genomics demonstrated that DHA selectively upregulated AXL expression in microglia. Immunologically, by enhancing AXL signaling, the phagocytic and chemotactic potential of microglia and the Treg differentiation followed by upregulating PDL1 were significantly influenced by DHA. Conversely, specific blocking of AXL by SGI7079 was sufficient to reverse above-mentioned functions. Molecularly, DHA specifically rebalanced the overactivated inflammation through STAT1:SOCS3: AXL: IFNAR pathway. Conclusions: The present study highlighted the central role of AXL signaling in DHA mediated inflammatory transition.

Active Traffic Management strategies are often adopted in real-time to address such sudden flow breakdowns. When queuing is imminent, Speed Harmonization (SH), which adjusts speeds in upstream traffic to mitigate traffic showckwaves downstream, can be applied. However, because SH depends on driver awareness and compliance, it may not always be effective in mitigating congestion. The use of multiagent reinforcement learning for collaborative learning, is a promising solution to this challenge. By incorporating this technique in the control algorithms of connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV), it may be possible to train the CAVs to make joint decisions that can mitigate highway bottleneck congestion without human driver compliance to altered speed limits. In this regard, we present an RL-based multi-agent CAV control model to operate in mixed traffic (both CAVs and human-driven vehicles (HDVs)). The results suggest that even at CAV percent share of corridor traffic as low as 10%, CAVs can significantly mitigate bottlenecks in highway traffic. Another objective was to assess the efficacy of the RL-based controller vis-\`a-vis that of the rule-based controller. In addressing this objective, we duly recognize that one of the main challenges of RL-based CAV controllers is the variety and complexity of inputs that exist in the real world, such as the information provided to the CAV by other connected entities and sensed information. These translate as dynamic length inputs which are difficult to process and learn from. For this reason, we propose the use of Graphical Convolution Networks (GCN), a specific RL technique, to preserve information network topology and corresponding dynamic length inputs. We then use this, combined with Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), to carry out multi-agent training for congestion mitigation using the CAV controllers., Comment: TRB 20201 Annual Meeting

The connectivity aspect of connected autonomous vehicles (CAV) is beneficial because it facilitates dissemination of traffic-related information to vehicles through Vehicle-to-External (V2X) communication. Onboard sensing equipment including LiDAR and camera can reasonably characterize the traffic environment in the immediate locality of the CAV. However, their performance is limited by their sensor range (SR). On the other hand, longer-range information is helpful for characterizing imminent conditions downstream. By contemporaneously coalescing the short- and long-range information, the CAV can construct comprehensively its surrounding environment and thereby facilitate informed, safe, and effective movement planning in the short-term (local decisions including lane change) and long-term (route choice). In this paper, we describe a Deep Reinforcement Learning based approach that integrates the data collected through sensing and connectivity capabilities from other vehicles located in the proximity of the CAV and from those located further downstream, and we use the fused data to guide lane changing, a specific context of CAV operations. In addition, recognizing the importance of the connectivity range (CR) to the performance of not only the algorithm but also of the vehicle in the actual driving environment, the paper carried out a case study. The case study demonstrates the application of the proposed algorithm and duly identifies the appropriate CR for each level of prevailing traffic density. It is expected that implementation of the algorithm in CAVs can enhance the safety and mobility associated with CAV driving operations. From a general perspective, its implementation can provide guidance to connectivity equipment manufacturers and CAV operators, regarding the default CR settings for CAVs or the recommended CR setting in a given traffic environment.

Clinical and animal studies have found that prenatal stress can lead to pathological changes in embryos and fetuses. However, the mechanisms through which this occurs have not been made clear. In the present study, pregnant rats were subjected to chronic psychological stress during gestational days using an improved communication box system, and the changes in behavioral performance and proteins in the hippocampus of offspring were analyzed. It was found that prenatal stress caused postnatal growth retardation and impairment in spatial learning and memory. Furthermore, in isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-based proteomics analyses, 158 significantly differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were found between the two groups. Further analyses showed that these DEPs are involved in different molecular function categories and participate in several biological processes, such as energy metabolism, learning or memory, and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, the enrichment of pathways showed that the learning and memory impairment was primarily connected with the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G (cGMP-PKG) pathway and oxidative phosphorylation. At the same time, the cGMP level and the expression of PKG protein were significantly decreased, and the neuronal mitochondria appeared to have a swollen and irregular shape in the hippocampus of offspring of stressed rats. These results suggest that the chronic psychological stress that pregnant rats were subjected to during gestational days may have impaired the spatial learning and memory of offspring. This affected the hippocampal oxidative phosphorylation and inhibited the cGMP-PKG pathway.

Artemisinin and its derivatives represent the most important and influential class of drugs in the fight against malaria. Since the discovery of artemisinin in the early 1970s, the global community has made great strides in characterizing and understanding this remarkable phytochemical and its unique chemical and pharmacological properties. Today, even as artemisinin continues to serve as the foundation for antimalarial therapy, numerous challenges have surfaced in the continued application and development of this family of drugs. These challenges include the emergence of delayed treatment responses to artemisinins in malaria and efforts to apply artemisinins for non-malarial indications. Here, we provide an overview of the story of artemisinin in terms of its past, present, and future. In particular, we comment on the current understanding of the mechanism of action (MOA) of artemisinins, and emphasize the importance of relating mechanistic studies to therapeutic outcomes, both in malarial and non-malarial contexts. Keywords: Artemisinin, Mechanism of action, Malaria, Anti-cancer