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An innovation in paper technology that is totally different from the papermaking technology that has been known now, has been found in the 21st century in China. This new discovery paper does not use cellulose fibers as its raw material, and does not use water at all in its production process. Because it is made of inorganic mineral coming from calcite rocks, this paper is called 'rock paper' or stone paper. The process of stone papermaking in principle mixes fine powder of calcite rock with non-toxic resin, one of which is HDPE (high density polyethylene), as well as other additives, then melted at high temperatures and formed into a sheets like paper. The properties of stone paper are very similar and even have advantages compared to conventional paper. This type of paper is claimed to be more environmentally friendly than conventional paper because it does not use plant fibers as raw material, which means there is no trees cut. It can be recycled and produces low greenhouse gas emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the preparation and characterization of paper towels from watermelon rind waste. The paper towel manufacturing process had several stages: the drying process, pulping process, bleaching process, and printing process. There were five treatments, including paper towels use of NaOH 2.5 M with pulp recycling, paper towels use of 1 NaOH with pulp recycling, paper towels use of 1 NaOH, paper towels use of 1 NaOH with additives, and paper towels use of 1 NaOH with different drying time (110 oC for 60 minutes with ten days of the natural drying). Several characterizations have been employed, such as physical and mechanical properties and optical and chemical properties. The treatments of paper towels were tested, and the test results were compared with SNI 7891: 2017. From the FTIR test, it was observed that the functional groups formed from paper towels from watermelon rind waste. From the Microscope test, paper towels from watermelon skin should be added with materials with long fibers. Based on Physical and Mechanical Characterization, paper towels comply with the SNI. Based on optical characterization, it complies with the SNI for treatments 4 and 5. Chemical characterization is higher than standard. It can be concluded that the natural paper towels from watermelon rind waste comply with the standard of SNI ISO 7891:2017 about Basic Paper towels within the parameter of grammage and water absorption capacity, Tensile strength except for the parameter of tensile strength, pH extract, and fluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality and productivity are the things that are most often the focus of discussion in the production process. PT. Papertech Indonesia is one of the companies producing cardboard products or paper board industry (hard paper). The products produced in addition to core paper also produce other types of paper including: Chip Board, Super Chip Board, Cone Board, Core B. In producing paper, the thing that most affects the quality of a product is the change grade or the change in the type of product. If at the time of change grade there is an error in the settings it will cause problems, namely sheet break or broken paper. Sheet Break is broken paper which can cause a decrease in machine productivity and add defective products in the warehouse, this defect product is meant to not meet the specifications of the consumer. Six Sigma approaches and Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) used in this study to determine the sigma level value for sheet breaks, factors that cause sheet breaks and find solutions to reduce risk. The results showed that there are two machines that often experience Sheet Break, namely Couch Roll & Lumbreaker and Dryer 1st Group machines which are caused by various factors. Based on the value of the Risk Priority Number which is the largest for the cause of Sheet Break, namely unstable vacuum during Change Grade, Lack of understanding and skills in the Change Grade state, Lack of understanding of the steps for Change Grade. Based on these results, recommendations are given to minimize the causes of priority Sheet Breaks carried out for each category and each cause, one of the recommendations given is the use of appropriate vacuum equipment, conducting regular monitoring, training employees and implementing Kaizen. With these recommendations, PT. Indonesian papertech can use these recommendations as a form of improvement in order to minimize the occurrence of sheet breaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic electroreduction of carbon dioxide represents a promising technology for the management of the energy sources and the abatement of CO2 emissions. For the industrial implementation of this process, it is required the development of a selective and stable nanostructured catalytic electrode. In this study, we evaluated the synthesis of nanostructured metallic electrodes produced by galvanostatic electrodeposition of copper onto a carbon paper support. The effects of deposition current density on morphology and catalytic properties of the electrodes were analyzed. The formation of copper nano and microstructure was observed on the external structure of the carbon paper support. Regarding the morphology, a correlation between applied current density and deposition structure was found. Electrodeposited electrodes showed a catalytic selectivity towards the production of carbon monoxide almost four times greater than copper foil electrodes. An inverse correlation between deposition current density and catalytic selectivity was observed. A decrease in the deposition current from -6 mA cm-2 to -2 mA cm−2 resulted in a doubling of the measured selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of a new road has many environmental consequences, as it consumes a significant amount of materials and energy. Additionally, the price of crude oil, which is the primary source of the bituminous binder has climbed dramatically in recent years. These factors have caused a rise in the overall cost of asphalt pavement. An effective way to increase the asphalt mixture industry's long-term viability while also decreasing costs is to develop new materials and technologies that use recycled and environmentally friendly resources in the manufacturing process. The primary goal of employing waste materials as modifiers such as Shredded Paper Fibers "SPF" is to improve performance, save resources, protect the environment from pollution and study the influence of content and sizes on the properties of pure bitumen. The "SPF" was individually mixed with pure bitumen binder at a proportion of (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) % from the weight of bitumen using two different sizes (14×6×1) mm and (7×3×1) mm. Several tests were conducted to assess the properties of the developed binder such as penetration, ductility, softening point, penetration index, and viscosity. The results showed that the modified asphalt binder has fewer values of penetration and ductility by 50 % and 51% respectively compared with pure bitumen for the smallest size of "SPF". The use of these modifiers leads to an increase in the penetration index to 0.47 and viscosity to 2.5 times when used smallest size and percent of 0.75%. The use of these modifiers leads to an increase in the penetration index to 0.47 and viscosity to 1.8 times when used smallest size and percent of 0.75%. The knowledge gap in this study suggests an alternative for cellulose fibber from waste recourse, however, the shredded paper is suggested as a stabilizer to asphalt used for Semi-Flexible Pavement "SFP", and where drain down is recognized obviously with neat asphalt. The results also demonstrated that enhanced asphalt binders might significantly alter the characteristics and performance of asphalt mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A manufacturing system is a collection of equipment and human resources integrated to carry out the operation process into a quality finished product. With various activities in it making the production process one of the spearheads of creating a product in accordance with market needs, it is necessary to have a systematic, effective and efficient workflow to optimize the workstation at production time. PT XYZ manufactures carton boxes of various sizes. Cardboard paper as raw material is obtained from several other paper mill companies. PT XYZ has an imbalance of production efficiency which is a bottleneck (stacking) at the manual stitching workstation that is the carton box's union with the stapler. Based on the existing problems, this study aims to determine the process of producing carton boxes and identify workstations that experience bottlenecks. The estimate production demand and be careful to minimize congestion to optimize work efficiency at workstations in the production process and compare repair costs conducted. The data obtained will be predicted using quadratic forecasting to determine the shadow of future requests. The method used to minimize congestion and handle work efficiency at each workstation is Theory of Constraint (TOC). With the Theory of constraint method, the percentage of loads experiencing congestion is 105.89%. After the best choice is made by adding 1 operator to the connection process, the percentage of loads experiencing congestion is 70.59%. So, the bottleneck condition is solved, and production runs smoothly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic electroreduction of carbon dioxide represents a promising technology for the management of the energy sources and the abatement of CO2 emissions. For the industrial implementation of this process, it is required the development of a selective and stable nanostructured catalytic electrode. In this study, we evaluated the synthesis of nanostructured metallic electrodes produced by galvanostatic electrodeposition of copper onto a carbon paper support. The effects of deposition current density on morphology and catalytic properties of the electrodes were analyzed. The formation of copper nano and microstructure was observed on the external structure of the carbon paper support. Regarding the morphology, a correlation between applied current density and deposition structure was found. Electrodeposited electrodes showed a catalytic selectivity towards the production of carbon monoxide almost four times greater than copper foil electrodes. An inverse correlation between deposition current density and catalytic selectivity was observed. A decrease in the deposition current from -6 mA cm-2 to -2 mA cm−2 resulted in a doubling of the measured selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article summary a comparative analysis of Hot Rolled Steel (HRS) Sections and Cold formed steel (CFS) Sections for Industrial Buildings based on a literature review. In this study the materials used are other than hot rolled for the analysis of the structure. CFS structures are becoming increasingly popular due to their numerous benefits, including light weight, quick construction, and so on. CFS analysis, design, and production processes are all being improved on a regular basis. This report is based on a recent study on HRS (HRS) and (CFS) that will aid future research and advances in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present an application of two Computational Intelligence Algorithms, namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm and Differential Evolution (DE) for finding and optimal solution to two optimization problems that occur in a paper industry. The first problem deals with the economic optimization of a hypothetical but realistic Kraft pulping process and in the second problem we have considered the optimization of Boiler load allocation problem. Both the problems form an integral part of paper making process. The simulation results show the efficiency and time effectiveness of DE and PSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, manufacturers are competing to offer a great product to the customers, they not only have to deliver a good product but also have to deliver it within the required time. The purpose of this study was to reduce the production lead time of a product in a make-to-order production system or a discrete manufacturing environment of pulp and paper machinery manufacturing. After conducting a literature survey, it was evident that process flow mapping is a suitable technique to reduce the production lead time in a make-to-order manufacturing environment. The current state process flow map was developed through which the wastes in the system were identified. Various lean and quality tools were used for the analysis of data such as check sheet, standard operating procedures, single minute exchange of dies, ECRS [Eliminate, Combine, Reduce, and Simplify] work analysis sheet. After the analysis of data, a future state process flow map was developed. The research helped the company to reduce the production lead time of the product to 406.16 hours from 431.66 hours that is a reduction of 25.5 hours. So, the experiment has successfully achieved a 5.9 % reduction in production lead time. Furthermore, it shows that in the make-to-order industry, the variability in products creates difficulty in making product-specific changes in the manufacturing setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing social demand for sustainable material use leads to new process strategies as well as to the use of new materials in nearly all industries. In light of this demand, paperboard shows potential to substitute polymer-based components while also exhibiting improved ecological properties. However, in contrast to polymer-based products, the forming limits of paperboard are relatively low. Therefore, three dimensional forming of paperboard is subject of current research. One area of research focuses on the control of the fiber orientation dependent anisotropic material behavior of industrial paperboard in forming processes. For an examined industrial paperboard, an average elongation at break of 1.2 % in the so called machine direction (fiber preferential direction, MD) has been determined at standard climate conditions. In contrast, in cross-direction (orthogonal to the machine direction, CD) a value of 2.6 % was observed. With increased moisture content of the specimens the difference between the mechanical properties in MD and CD even increases. As a result of the various fiber-orientation dependent mechanical properties, forming with symmetric tools leads to asymmetrically shaped final parts. Within this article, an approach to reduce the asymmetric shape of threedimensional formed paperboard by using single point incremental forming technology is presented. For a free spatial processing strategy the 3D Servo Press Technology, which enables circular as well as free processing strategies, is used. Based on reference tests with a circular processing strategy, it is shown that by using an adapted, elliptical tool path, an almost symmetric shaped part can be formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive manufacturing (AM) is seen as a game-changing innovation because it allows for design flexibility and on-demand manufacturing with minimal human interaction. WAAM is a method of metal additive manufacturing that uses different types of welding to create metal objects with little complexity. WAAM process is a potential method for producing big structures with complicated geometry in near net geometry with cost-effective manufacturing resources. WAAM has a high deposition rate and better material use than powder-based additive manufacturing methods. In this paper, we describe the comparison study between manual MIG welding and MIG welding with the help of fixtures. Also, how we can use the different fixtures for better results and MIG welding fixtures equipped to create 3D parts and explain the different applications of this combination and its benefits. This research aims to create a MIG welding fixture system for additively manufacturing metal components using CO2 gas. The purpose of this experimental investigation is to demonstrate how the welding process affects build-up accuracy and material attributes when wire arc additive manufacturing is used. In this paper, we compare manual MIG welding and MIG welding with fixtures by WAAM processes, taking into account various parameters such as welding method, weld length, time for 1 layer during the process, weld speed, total time, and deposition quality. During this experimental study, we have seen many of the different factors that affect creating objects and learned a comparative study between Manual MIG Welding and MIG welding with the help of fixtures using the WAAM process. In this experimental study, we developed a CAD model of a MIG welding fixture and, with the help of Robo DK software, simulation was carried out. We also explain the different improvements, future scopes, advantages, and disadvantages of this MIG welding fixture. This report gives an overview of the WAAM process, including a current state, brief history, benefits, and limits in the WAAM industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous clustering algorithms are used in cellular manufacturing systems, which are extremely important to the problem of machine part group formation. Due to its adaptability and computing effectiveness, the similarity coefficient method is the most popular approach to solving this problem. Many ways of calculating similarity coefficients have been developed. Still, only a few consider the factor of operational sequencing with repeated operations, which can lead to more exceptional material intercell transfers. This paper proposed a similarity coefficient based on the Euclidian distance matrix SC/EDM. Computational experiments were conducted using ten benchmark problem sets selected from published works. The machine utilization, cell efficiency, grouping efficacy, and the number of exceptional elements were measured to improve the performance. Compared to published benchmark results, the SC/EDM presented in this paper achieves better or equal results. Machine utilization and Grouping efficacy improved by seven out of ten, Cell efficiency improved by seven out of ten, and finally, no exceptional elements improved by five out of ten problems taken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry is highly resource- and energy-intensive and contributes significantly to environmental degradation. Circular Economy (CE) principles are based on three key strategies that aim to retain value within the supply chain and, therefore, could benefit the industry's environmental impact. Although CE has largely been successfully realized in other fields, industry-specific obstacles and a lack of shared understanding have hindered its adoption in construction. This paper presents and examines off-site manufacturing as a potential solution over traditional masonry construction due to its standardized and factory-controlled settings catering towards disassembly and traceability to encourage more circular practices. The paper conducts a literature review on the current body of research and a case study-based approach to gathering primary data through surveys, semi-structured interviews with professionals, and factory visits to a timber frame manufacturing facility in collaboration with Kingspan Century. The qualitative data gathered aims to evaluate the current off-site production model and present potential recommendations to improve the manufacturing process for more circularity. The suitability of a closed-loop supply chain and material passports are also evaluated in their relevance to circularity and off-site construction and tested amongst the interviewees. More empirical studies need to be conducted in this area. Therefore, this paper will contribute to the existing body of knowledge on bridging the gap between CE and construction and aid in developing a common framework for utilizing off-site manufacturing to its full potential in Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows a detailed study to investigate the Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) method to improve the product design process. Through the applied DFMA, the production cost of manufacturing and assembly can be reduced as well as improving the efficiency of laser jet printer. Laser jet printer is a commonly used in our daily lives. Using DFMA method in making laser jet printer is becoming and attractive prospect in satisfying the basic need for human that search for a good product and price. Laser jet printer was selected as to reduce prices in markets where the part count is reduced by DFMA method. Lack of analysis about DFMA on laser jet printer which limits the sources to the student design to understand for the complex product or product with large number of components. The current design of laser jet printer had analyzed the design for manufacture and assembly to get the design efficiency and to reduce parts as well as the cost of production and manufacturing time. Then, come out with some improvement (redesign) of the design in an efficient way. The main objective of this project is to analysis design efficiency of the current design of laser jet printer. This project will compare the product design by using DFMA method namely Boothroyd-Dewhurst. CAD software which is CATIA V5R20 has been used for the proposed new design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aim to improve the product design process by using DFMA method. Through the applied DFMA, the production cost of manufacturing and assembly time can be reduced as well as improving the efficiency of laser jet printer. Laser jet printer is a commonly used in our daily lives. Using DFMA method in making laser jet printer is becoming and attractive prospect in satisfying the basic need for human that search for a good product and price. Laser jet printer was selected as to reduce prices in markets where the part count is reduced by DFMA method. Lack of analysis of DFMA on laser jet printer which limits the sources to the student design to understand for the complex product or product with large number of components. The current design of laser jet printer had been analyzed the design for manufacture and assembly to get the design efficiency and to reduce the parts as well as the cost of production and manufacturing time. Then, come out with some improvement (redesign) of the design in an efficient way. The main objective of this project is to analyse design efficiency of the current design of laser jet printer. CAD software which is CATIA V5R20 has been used for the proposed new design. Finally, the new design of laser jet printer will be compared with the existing design from aspect of part quantity, handling time, assembly time and design efficiency. As the results for assembly time, the improvement was 2.04% where the time was reduced from 1143.25s to 1119.91s and the design efficiency was increased 0.20% from 10.80% to 11.00%. As a conclusion, by using Boothroyd-Dewhurst DFMA method, the aimed improvement were achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the prototyping of objects. Rapid prototyping is becoming increasingly important in mechanical and industrial design engineering. This study looks at how commercial CAD programming products can be used to model 3D objects for rapid composite prototype construction using the layer-by-layer method. Rapid prototyping (RP), commonly known as 3D printing or solid freeform fabrication (SFF), is a technology and apparatus that allows physical items to be made immediately from solid models developed in CAD utilizing additive layer manufacturing processes without the use of tooling or fixtures. Traditional CNC machining techniques, on the other hand, can be modified to do everything from high-precision metal cutting to fast milling of light materials, making them ideal for rapid prototyping and it assists in the development of projects and ideas prior to execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The company upon which this paper is based engages in flexible packaging production, especially pharmaceutical products with guaranteed quality, trusted by consumers. Its production process includes printing, laminating, and assembling processes. Production activities are done manually and automatically using machines, so various types of waste are often found in these processes, making the level of plant efficiency nonoptimal. This study aims to identify wastes occurring in the production process, especially the production of pollycelonium with three colour variants as the highest demand product, by applying lean manufacturing concepts. The Current Value Stream Mapping (CVSM) used to map the production process shows the amount of Value Added Time of 107.676 minutes, Non-Value Added Time of 311.450 minutes due to engine displacement and setup, and total lead time of 455.724 minutes with a 23.627% Cycle Efficiency. Transportation in the factory creates the largest waste with a distance of 340 meters. Further analysis using the fault tree analysis method and 5W+1H method results in a layout proposal and minimization of machine setup time activity projected with Future Value Stream Mapping (FVSM) to increase to percentage cycle efficiency 14.05% and decreasing process lead time of 169.939 minutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of construction activities on the environment has become a significant global concern due to the environmental degradation caused by the development of construction projects and activities. Noise pollution, water pollution, and air pollution are some of the types of pollution caused by construction activities, which can lead to serious health and environmental consequences. This review paper aims to examine the various types of pollution that occur during different construction activities in construction projects. In addition, this paper also focuses on the impact of concrete batching plant operations on the environment and the techniques that can be used to minimize these impacts. Concrete batching plants have been identified as one of the significant contributors to environmental pollution due to the dust, noise, and exhaust emissions generated during their operation. This paper highlights the importance of adopting appropriate pollution control measures to minimize the impact of concrete batching plant operations on the environment. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the need to provide a better working environment for onsite workers and minimize the health impact on nearby communities. The use of advanced technologies and eco-friendly practices can contribute significantly to reducing the impact of construction activities on the environment. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the impact of construction activities on the environment and highlights the importance of adopting sustainable practices in the construction industry to protect the environment and promote a healthier and safer living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's competitive world, each small and medium industry faces problems worldwide due to a changing global climate. Each industry desired to meet its customers' demands as quickly as possible with great quality. Thus, to meet customer expectations and the competition offered by other organizations, they need to find strategies to improve organizational performance by eliminating waste. The lean manufacturing technique is used for reducing this kind of waste and non-value-added steps from processes. This paper aims to perform a brief literature review on how to successfully implement a lean manufacturing approach in small and medium industries to reduce waste and enhance productivity in an organization. Lean manufacturing is a flexible manufacturing system, so it is used in various sectors like manufacturing, transport, e-commerce, government, healthcare, food, and beverage industries. Implementing a lean manufacturing approach with other techniques in the organization is also suitable for enhancing the productivity of hydraulic filter heads without affecting the current statea of the process. The execution of a lean manufacturing approach in an organization decreases lead time, production cost, cycle time, and inventory, and enhances productivity and client satisfaction. Overall, the findings suggest that the adoption of lean manufacturing tools can greatly benefit small and medium organizations by enhancing productivity and decreasing waste in their manufacturing processes. As a result, several research and review papers from 2013 to 2022 from different authors are employed to achieve the aim of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many industries have experienced the benefits of applying lean and agile or leagile (combining both lean and agile manufacturing systems), which can help organizations achieve their strategic goals, such as competitiveness, productivity, profitability, high customer service levels, and survival, by improving overall performance. Lean manufacturing and agile manufacturing have received much attention in the operations management literature, and they need to be widely implemented in manufacturing systems. In contrast, despite several papers reporting research on leagile manufacturing systems, implementation of leagile manufacturing systems in practice has been slow. A summary of the literature review for some case studies from 2013 to 2022 was used in this paper to define the current manufacturer's product quality goals through various case studies implemented in multiple manufacturing systems. According to the findings, the majority of researchers are interested in implementing lean and agile manufacturing in flow (mass) systems (34.9 %), batch systems (30.5 %), and job shop and continuous production systems (17.3 %) attained a lower level of research interest and implemented based on these studies. Furthermore, the findings of the study revealed that all of the enterprises studied had implemented the most common and widely used leagile tools (i.e., JIT, TQM, 5S, Kanban, TPM, VSM, Kaizen, Poka Yoka, RP, 5S, SMED, modern manufacturing techniques, robotics and automation, administration policy, experience and skills of employees, GT, innovation and R&D, organizational culture, management leadership, simulation, and collaboration). However, not all businesses had used the leagile tools, the degree of implementation varied for each. Results show that JIT (69.5%), TQM (60.8%), TPM (39.1%), and collaboration (34.7%) are the tools used to implement leagile manufacturing the most. Kanban and Kaizen are achieving the exact percentages of (26.08%), 5S and VSM are achieving the same percentage of (21.7%), RP (13.04%), and Poka Yoka is achieving the lowest percentage (8.6%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UHPC (Ultra-High-Performance Concrete) is a cement-based composite material that has received extensive attention in recent years. The compressive strength of UHPC can reach up to 200MPa, and considering other physical and mechanical properties, which make it a new type of composite material with great application prospects in civil engineering. However, due to the limitation of the material forming process, UHPC is seldom applied as a load-bearing structural material in the field of building construction. Shanghai Grand Opera House, which is under construction in Shanghai, China, unprecedentedly applied 165MPa-compressive-strength UHPC prefabricated components as the 15m long cantilever beam load-bearing structure in the core section. The cross section of prefabricated components is unusual in shape, and considering the processability of UHPC, it is necessary to study its prefabrication process and construction method. In this paper, solutions to three key issues are presented. First, a new component mold sealing process is developed, which solves the problem of reserving a large number of connectors at the joints of prefabricated beams, considering large fluidity of UHPC. Second, the mold system of floor slabs on both sides of the special-shaped prefabricated beams is introduced. Third, the on-site construction technology of UHPC prefabricated beams is briefly illustrated. This research and application breaks through the structural barriers that traditional high-strength concrete cannot achieve by using UHPC prefabricated components. Under the premise of construction safety and controllable quality, the solutions to the three key issues ensure the technical feasibility of the actual background engineering construction, and present substantial economic benefits. The technologies and results of this research can be directly applied to guide related projects or similar structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results concerning the influence of wire-arc additive manufacturing process parameters of aluminum-manganese bronze CuAl9Mn2 products on the structure and mechanical properties of the samples. The conducted studies show that with optimal parameters of the printing mode, the values of the tensile strength of the samples vary between 530-557 MPa. The structure of the samples is free of macro defects, pores and discontinuities. When moving away from the substrate, the structure of the samples changes due to the accumulation of heat in the product during 3D printing by the wire-arc additive manufacturing method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive manufacturing is creating its presence in the current manufacturing sector more rapidly than any other manufacturing process. The technique of generating a three-dimensional object using CAD model data is known as additive manufacturing or 3-D printing. Additive manufacturing is a layer-by-layer material joining method that employs thermoplastic polymers such as Polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and others.3-D printing uses several methods for the printing purpose such as Selective laser sintering, Fused Deposition Modelling, Stereo Lithography, but the Fused Deposition Modelling is the most prominent ones because of its salient features such as durability, high strength and stability in producing parts. Several studies have been conducted to ascertain the mechanical properties of the 3-D printed parts and various research papers have been also published about 3-D printing. In this study several research papers have been studied to engross the knowledge on the characteristics and properties of PLA samples with the line infill patterns, and at three raster angle, distinct layer thickness and different feed rate. We have printed samples using polylactic acid (PLA) polymer. The raster angle, layer thickness and printing speed varies sample to sample. In this study we have found that the raster angle has the least influence on the sample's mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the samples are most affected by layer thickness and printing speed and they are the main parameters that influence the properties of the parts the most. This study helps in to determine the compressive strength of the parts and also guides on the selection of the best suitable printing parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the heat and power system of oil refineries. Particular attention is given to the current process flow schemes of heat supply of the refinery individual processes, using the example of a fuel refinery. The schemes analysis revealed the sources of the internal heat generation and the main areas of application. Besides, we evaluate the share of the external energy consumption. The paper is concerned with the characteristic of the main heat generating equipment, the evaluation of the manufacturing processes heat energy absolute and specific consumption, as well as with the most energy-intensive productions identifying. The paper looks at the performance indicators of heating systems and heat generating equipment. Finally, we propose the directions of increasing the efficiency of the refinery heat and power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper calls into the question of the AM technology application in the construction industry. The conducted research demonstrates and examines the main steps of the real project preparation using BIM and AM technologies. The importance of these technologies application lies in the possible advantages and generally automation necessity in industry. The undertaken research was aimed to design and manufacture the undersized sample of the building model. The main limitations of this experiment are highlighted below in order to report the obtained results properly. The 3D-model design, preparation and printing showed the manufacturing process subsequently step by step. The accepted methodology is based on the model research. The reduction in the main dimensions of the building was carried out in order to consistently study and reproduce the main stages of the creation, preparation and implementation of the project using 3D-printing. The experience obtained during this experiment can be compared and used to the real 3D-model preparing for 3D-printing. The undertaken research differs from the realistic manufacturing process in scaled-down dimensions and utilized material. The utilized methodology has proved the combined implementation of BIM and AM technologies. This paper also describes the possible future work to be done in order to access the full potential of the 3D-printing technology in construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays increasing energy efficiency and introducing energy-saving technologies is a strategic task for all national economies. During various industrial processes a large amount of heat is released which is often utilized in cooling towers of various types or dissipated in the atmosphere. The paper presents a study of a two-stage ORC-installation with various working fluids of cascades which allows solving the problems of heat recovery at industrial enterprises effectively. The paper presents an analysis of the thermodynamic cycles of the primary and secondary circuits of a two-stage ORC plant for various working fluids, and also determines the thermodynamic parameters of the combined cycles of an ORC plant with different working fluids. Promising working fluids for the primary and secondary circuits of a two-stage ORC plant are proposed, the thermal efficiency of combined cycles is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific paper examines the integration of robotic automation in production and its potential benefits for businesses. The paper presents the results of a study that analyzed the impact of robotic automation on productivity, product quality, and cost savings for three different production lines. The study found that the implementation of robotic automation systems led to significant improvements in productivity and cost savings, as well as a decrease in defect rates. However, the study also highlights important factors that must be considered when deciding whether to integrate robotic automation into production, including the initial investment cost, the need for skilled workers, and the potential impact on workers. The paper concludes that while the integration of robotic automation in production is a complex issue that requires careful consideration, businesses that are able to successfully integrate these systems into their production processes can gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace, leading to increased profitability and long-term sustainability, but proper planning and implementation are key to ensuring success. for implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graph-theoretic concepts are useful in studying various uses in several fields like mechanical & electrical engineering, specifically multi-physics systems. A core aim of the present study is to run an outline of the uses of graph-theoretical ideas in the modeling & investigation of systems in numerous areas. Graph theory (GT) is used in gear train analysis synthesis for decades, & this was an effective & organic modelling tactic in designing gear transmission. The graph-based technique for kinematic & static power examination, power stream, & mechanical proficiency calculation is additionally introduced. The paper additionally features an overall methodology for taking care of designing issues by changing them to issues in other designing areas, via broad discrete numerical models known as GRs. Design synthesis is the central point of interest in the mechanically applied plan to create the plan up-&-comers that meet the plan prerequisites. This paper reviews a novel & calculable synthesis approach of components dependent on GT. It is likewise settled unambiguously the connection between linear graphs & physical systems. Among the continuum of mechanical framework models we can recognize labelling graphs, which can be utilized for detailing & formalizing mechanical assignments. Mechanically coupled frameworks are successfully displayed utilizing hybrid graphs which consolidate attributes of polar & flow graphs & are unrivalled as far as algorithmic methodology. A hybrid used to portray a model of a mechanical framework relies upon the chosen algebraic method & applying matrices is the most helpful strategy to decide the dynamic qualities of the framework [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human-robot collaboration (HRC) applications have been slowly making their path in the industry. Although the required hardware and the methods for the planning and development of collaborative robotic applications are mostly already developed, some industrial branches still struggle to implement HRC. This is the case in motorcycle production, where, unlike car production, the assembly line has been optimized for manual work. Based on the use case described above, this paper identifies new requirements of HRC for automated screwing assembly operations in flexible production environments. In order to compensate deviations in the position of the tool relative to the workpiece, a screwing strategy based on force control is proposed. Parameter sensitivity is considered and supported experimentally with a screwing task performed by a cobot, where a method for contact detection between the nutrunner and the screw head is analyzed. This paper brings a guideline for experts from the manufacturing system engineering to implement HRC in highly dynamic assembly environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive manufacturing is a process of designing three-dimensional objects by adding materials layer by layer. It is an intriguing approach of fabricating material straight from a computational geometry model, which greatly reduces the design and manufacture of several standard manufacturing processes. The development of materials for electrochemical energy storage devices was reviewed in this review paper. Carbon-based materials are commonly utilised as electrode materials for energy storage because they offer the appropriate properties for storing energy, such as high conductivity, high discharge rate, and density. However, the production of carbon- and carbon-based materials is extremely difficult, and more study is necessary to identify other materials for carbon for improved performance in energy storage. The primary goal of this review article is to investigate several types of accessible materials that may be created using additive manufacturing processes to obtain desired properties such as high performance, conductivity, high density, and high discharge rate. Recent improvements and various processes, designs, and material choices for energy storage devices manufactured by 3D printing are presented in this paper, which is general to the majority of technologies which are currently in use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents additively manufactured components optimized using topology optimized techniques for automobile applications. To meet the current needs of market and to survive in the competition, topology optimization is one of the most effective tools to optimize a part/component to maximize its performance while reducing its weight. Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology is the emerging manufacturing process which enables design engineers to overcome the difficulties to manufacture the ideal but complex geometries. However, the low surface finish, long printing hours, and of post processing requirements frequently prevents industries from using AM technology as their main manufacturing method. The use of AM technology using topology optimization can help manufacture optimum shape along with advantages such as reduced usage of raw material, eliminating tedious manufacturing processes and converting it into a single body component by maximizing its stiffness with minimal mass. This paper highlights various case studies in automotive industry which made significant progress in this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research had shown that conventional AR-IoT applications only specialize in the localized area for industrial monitoring. One of the biggest challenges in the application of AR technology in the industry is the absence of the tools and skills to do so. Therefore, this paper introduces a programming algorithm for the development of an off-site AR-monitoring for a material handling process. A case study was conducted on a simple process using a conveyor system to sort out coloured cubes into respective buckets using TSC3200 colour sensor and ESP32 microprocessor. The CAD design of the conveyor was re-designed and imported into Unity to create the virtual 3D visualization of the machine. The simulation is made in sync with the movements of the real machine, through the communication between smart sensors and microcontroller, ESP32 using Uduino concept. The connection is cloud-based with the use of MQTT to communicate between different devices. From the fusion of these concept, a programming algorithm was created. The AR-Simulasi Apps allows user to access the virtual version of the process in real-time remotely, in Augmented Reality environment. The AR 3D visualization was superimposed in real world using AR marker. Therefore, the relationships among accuracy, augmented simulation error and object interaction were investigated. The results of the numerical simulation indicate that the AR-IoT 3D simulation would be a great potential for the current AR-IoT monitoring applications used by industries. In which it shall enhances user interaction for better viewing and perception between human and machine for off-site monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of new repair technologies requiring production readjustments is inextricably linked with the development of effective digital modeling methods. The paper presents some research results on the creation of a methodology for the automated design of technological processes for the production of car repair enterprises, based on digital modeling of car structures and technological processes of their repair. The article considers the method of constructing a mathematical model of the car (or its unit) structure, created on the basis of the structural-parametric method, which allows the most efficient way to carry out the exploding of the structure and the formation of the composition of sets of technological documentation for the repair of cars. The block diagram of the automatic coupler and the graph, which is a mathematical description of this structure, are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Verification activity in a streamline manufacturing system is one of the most important activity to make sure that the design requirements and the actual product specifications are met. It helps designer or manufacturing engineer as a feedback by detecting issue at early stage. However, we have to select the most effective verification method that will lead to low cost and relatively fast production. Many industries make machined components that are mounted to welded frame, the locations of the components may float with a larger tolerance to the welded frame than the feature to feature tolerance needed for mounting hole pattern. The composite tolerance is needed for this particular case. The most suitable method for gathering measurement data for small batch production is either automatically using CMM or manually using pin gages and size measurement devices. While, the data processing step can be done by graphic analysis or paper gage method for inspecting composite positional tolerance. The innovation of this journal is changing the way of data processing method by reducing the papers (coordinate grid and polar overlay) required for graphic analysis and converting them into mathematical model that can be processed by computer. Hence, we call this virtual graphic analysis. The benefits of using virtual graphic analysis are reducing cost and time of overall inspection process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite materials have been gaining engineers' attention in recent years due to better engineering properties than conventional materials. Composites are formed by reinforcement to carry the load and matrix to hold the reinforcement together. Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) is one of the most common composite materials used and the wet hand-layups manufacturing method is more preferable as it offers a low-investment process. Imperfection in the manufacturing process of GFRP filled with 5% activated carbon are investigated experimentally and visually. Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer is a type of fiber-reinforced plastic or FRP, using glass for the fiber and resin for the polymer. In this paper, 5% activated carbon is added to the GFRP. The manufacturing process of different fiber orientations in the GFRP has also been studied. This study used different processes to cut the GFRP. Fiber orientation studied in this paper is as follows, [0]4, [45]4, [90]4. The study concluded that there are three main imperfections in the manufacturing process of GFRP filled with activated carbon, which is burned fibers in the cutting process, exposed fibers, and an uneven amount of filler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Process safety competency is vital for chemical engineering graduates as it is an integral part of chemical engineers' work to prevent and mitigate losses caused by incidents. Students' inadequate exposure to the practical aspect of site operation has led to difficulties in visualising the complexity of industrial plant processes, limiting their process safety competency. Current industrial exposure methods implemented in university i.e., site visits, industrial training, etc. are sometimes insufficient or ineffective due to financial and logistic constraints. Exploring supplementary approach for bridging this gap is essential to develop process safety competency. With the advancement of digitalisation and Industry 4.0 implementation, utilising virtual reality technology as a learning tool for teaching process safety in a virtual industrial process plant is introduced. This paper aim to determine the ideal general concept for the proposed virtual reality game. It is suggested to implement 3D non-immersive virtual game based on a serious game approach for process safety education in an undergraduate chemical engineering programme. Suggested game framework, example of game scenario, and illustration of gameplay are also described in this paper. This proposed virtual game is believed to offer outstanding benefits if executed in the future due to its active mode of learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, engineering professions are adapting to the new conditions of working at home. For clothing patternmakers, it means the necessity to purchase both CAD/CAM systems and machinery to print markers and patterns. These devices take a lot of place at home. The same troubles suffer small clothing manufacturers and experimental departments of the large ones. Besides that, the printers and plotters must be mandatorily disposed of. They need a lot of toners, and they are expensive. Paper patterns produced in this way are used only once; after that, they become paper junk that is rarely correctly disposed of. Thus, the article aims to analyze and select a fabric cutting technique that would allow a user to avoid printing patterns. We considered different options, such as augmented reality applications and projection techniques, which have been popularized recently due to the increased numbers of available projectors on the market. Though AR is a promising method of transmitting patterns on the fabric, AR techniques are not developed enough for fabric cutting in apparel manufacturing. Thus, the projection technique was selected as a prospective one. The authors tested the technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The open shop scheduling (OSSP) problem has a significant role in the modern industrial and manufacturing systems. As the problem size increases, existing precise approaches are rarely solvable. Therefore, in this paper, a heuristic approach is developed to solve the open shop scheduling model with large job size in fuzzy environment. The concept of dealing the jobs in a string of two job-blocks which are disjoint to crack given jobs are well throughout considered. The study provided in this paper is to attain an optimum string of blocks in order to diminish the makespan. To check the effectiveness and to confirm the performance, numerous illustrations are generated in MATLAB (2018a). Also, the comparison of the acquired results is made with the existing heuristics proposed by Johnson and Palmer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of Industry 4.0, human resources are an indispensable part of the production process, so the human-machine relationship in intelligent production is a very important theme. Based on the classical theory of digital twin and ergonomics, this paper discusses the expansion and internal relationship of ergonomics theory under the digital twin system and puts forward a concept of human-machine interaction under the digital twin system(HMDT). According to the concept of HMDT, a universal digital twin system framework with the controller as the core is established and its parts are introduced. Finally, this paper tries to apply the digital twin system to industrial robots. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the human-machine interaction relationship in intelligent production and expect to propose a practical application to provide a reference for related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managing livestock in large manufacturing systems is difficult, mainly in vast areas. UAVs are used to collect images of areas of interest and are rapidly becoming a possible alternative. However, extracting relevant information using good algorithms from images are still scarce. In this paper, we present a method for counting sea lions or other animals using a deep learning model for rough location, colour space control to increase the variance between sea lions and background, mathematical morphology to identify sea lions and gather them individually in clustered groups, and image matching to account for image overlap. This paper describes how to use deep learning to automatically count sea lions from aerial photographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good and properly organized inventory management is essentially needed for a company in order to ensure that its production process runs smoothly. There are many factors to be considered since they can distract the inventory management such as demand behavior, the life time of goods, uncertain replenishment time, the political and economic situation, and unexpected natural disaster. There are certain risks involved with bulk replenishment such as the higher holding cost and the possibility of damage to the stored goods. On the other hand, if we order too little, the risks lie in the possibility that the production process will stop, resulting in lost sales due to the unavailability of goods. One strategy to overcome this unavailability of goods is backorder, where the customers will wait until the next replenishment to obtain their goods. This paper develops a mathematical model for inventory-dependent demand with the backorder policy applied. The decisions variables in our model are the optimal order quantity and the number of backorders, which minimize the total inventory cost. We also performed a sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution and found that the decreasing rate of the inventory is affected by the autonomous demand (α) and the increasing demand factor (β). Inventory will deplete faster as α and β increase. The number of backorders is affected by the high demand when inventory reaches zero and backorders entail a certain cost. When demand is higher and the backorder cost is relatively cheap, the number of backorders becomes higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assembly Sequence is one of the most important operations in the manufacturing process as it influences the cost of the overall product compared to the other manufacturing operations like assembly line balancing, inspection, material handling etc. involved to make the product. To perform an effective assembly operation, optimal assembly sequences are required. Achieving an optimal assembly sequence is a difficult task as it is a nondeterministic polynomial time problem and it also involves the extraction of assembly predicates from the product to obtain feasible sequences. Researchers have applied many mathematical (like assembly connection graph cut set method, assembly subset detection method and many more), knowledge-based, and artificial intelligence methods for finding the optimal assembly sequence., Artificial intelligence techniques are successful in achieving the optimal assembly sequences with less search space for more part assemblies. Most of the research has been carried out on generating the optimal assembly sequences for rigid parts assembly, very little work has been carried out to generate optimal assembly sequences for the products having the combination of the rigid and deformable parts. In this paper, the authors have developed a methodology to generate optimal assembly sequences for the product having rigid and deformable parts using the Stress Information Matrix (SIM). In the proposed methodology, the authors developed SIM based on the type of parts that contact in the product using the ANSYS contact analysis tool. The proposed methodology is applied to 11 parts of butterfly assembly for generating the optimal assembly sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium alloys have gained importance for aerospace, automobile, and biomedical applications in the last few years due to their high strength to weight ratio. It is well known that magnesium possesses lower formability due to the insufficient slip systems available for deformation, especially during the forging process. There are many ways by which improvement in formability is possible. One of the methods is the refinement of grain structure and subsequently achievement of superplasticity by optimizing strain rate and temperature. The present article discusses the overview of the processing methods to produce fine grain structure in magnesium alloys. These methods include the conventional to severe plastic deformation processes. Conventional methods for refinement of grain structure include casting and hot rolling. Severe plastic deformation processes include caliber rolling, multi-directional forging, equi-channel angular pressing, high-pressure torsion, friction stir processing, and high ratio extrusion methods. The process described with associated equations for strain and the impact of these processes on the microstructural aspects of magnesium alloys is explained in this paper. It showed that the different process parameters with a different kind of alloy give rise to differences in the refinement of grain structures which further changes the formability of magnesium alloys. This paper also describes the advantages and limitations with usefulness in industrial practices of the processing methods to produce fine grain structure in magnesium alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Probabilistic model based on a system of printed circuit boards production process having components: Stencil Printer, Pick and Place, Reflow Oven; along with a cold standby of Pick and Place component, is developed in this paper. By having the external on-call engineers to repair certain faults of the system is quite time consuming, meanwhile the system remains inactive. It is taken into account that when there is a system breakdown due to the Pick and Place component, then the load is handed off to its standby component and the system stays in operational mode. Semi-Markov process and regenerative point techniques have been used to obtain the system performance measures to estimate the profit acquired to the system in the steady state. Various inferences about the reliability, availability and profit of the system are evaluated numerically and analyzed graphically for the special case. The impact of these specifications on the performance of system and cost-benefit trade-off is studied, which would help manufacturers to optimize production efficiency under various conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is a natural resource that is very important in human life. 80% of the human body consists of water. In daily life, the water consumed by humans is produced by companies that package mineral water so that it is ready for use. In the production process, statistical control is needed, so that in its manufacture it does not harm consumers in quality or quantitatively. Therefore, in this paper, a Double Exponentially weighted moving average (DEWMA) control chart will be applied to detect small mean shifts in a production process. The results obtained will be compared with the EWMA (Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) control chart which is a control chart. The first developed to detect small shifts in the mean value in a production process. The results of this study show that the performance of the DEWMA control chart shows better results in monitoring small shifts in the process mean than the EWMA control chart based on the amount of data that is out of control from the Mineral Water Production Process data at UD Jabal Nur Pangkep Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the global use of palm oil, particularly in Malaysia and Indonesia. The palm oil industry faces losses due to a lack of workers causing delays in harvesting fresh fruit bunches (FFBs). To address this, a device is developed using falling fruits to gauge their ripeness. The literature review explores factors contributing to oil losses and how FFB ripeness impacts oil quality. It also examines mechanical fruit harvesting. The process of selecting materials and components for the prototype is explained. The prototype's implementation involves fixing it to palm trees to catch falling fruits. In conclusion, this research offers a solution to the problem of labour shortage-related losses in the palm oil industry by utilizing falling fruits to determine ripeness, potentially benefiting the industry's productivity and financial stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation of the industry revolutionizes human life. High productivity, better product quality, improved production efficiency, time and cost saving, and better connectivity are the significant benefits of industrialization. However, it comes with a price of environmental degradation. Sustainability in manufacturing is the solution to this problem. It is the ability of a process, system, product or service to be efficiently produced or done without harming the environment, from obtaining the raw materials to supplying the final product. Machining is part of a manufacturing process where components of a product are produced. The machining process usually affects the condition of humans and their environment. This paper briefly discussed conventional and non-conventional machining techniques for a clean environment. It served as an initial effort toward study in green machining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It goes without saying that modern manufacturing processes priorities reducing machining costs by effectively optimizing a variety of machining process parameters like depth of cut, feed, and speed. Due to their high specific strength, titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V) are frequently utilized in the automotive, aerospace, bioindustry, nuclear power industrial, and medical applications. In this study, we addressed several machinability concerns of titanium alloys utilizing Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) coated inserts. High hardness, corrosion resistance, specific strength, and biocompatibility are just a few of the excellent mechanical characteristics that are widely used in industries like the automotive, aerospace, and biotech. Titanium alloys have a limited thermal conductivity and a high specific heat, which makes it challenging to remove heat from the workpiece and chips during milling. This paper presents a literature review of the optimization of process parameters, highlighting the use of various techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the design and making of the Progressive Blanking Tool or Shearing Die attachment for UTM are discussed. Press tool manufacturing plays an important role in the automobile industry and in our daily usage. Certainly, sheet metal manufacturing is an interesting work of art. The component manufactured using this process is a bit of critical work because of the accuracy requirement, and that's why it's interesting. A medal is part of many institutes, universities, schools, companies, and many more. This progressive blanking tool has an output that gives a medal, which can be used for awarding purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]