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With the advancement of knowledge technology, the library building has evolved to cater for more than just a space to read and learn. It has become a space for working, social interaction, community activity and more. With this growing trend to accommodate this demand for more functionality, the library design needs to adapt to this growth to bring the best experience to the occupants. Biophilic design is a fitting approach to help enhance the occupants' experience with these evolving functions of the library spaces. The biophilic design employs a variety of innovative ways to be implemented in a space varying from the literal introduction of nature, symbolic representation, the essence of the space and more, to create a space that encourages a sense of connection with nature. This study aims to examine various biophilic designs used in library spaces from selected case studies with known biophilic design applications in the spaces and assesses the importance of these biophilic designs to the occupants based on their perception. The findings show that most of the library occupants agreed that biophilic design is an essential aspect of the space in the library with visual connection with nature and prospect to be of utmost importance based on the survey conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eye fatigue is one of the factors that a person will stay focused in seeing the appearance of a product's design or not, especially if the design will be displayed in digital advertisements. Therefore this research was conducted aiming to produce a product design that was created, not causing a person to experience eye fatigue, by testing the dimensions of color, functionality, aesthetics, and symbols attached to the 600 ml bottled drinking water product packaging. The method used is the Axiomatic Design Method, which is a system design methodology using the matrix method to analyze the transformation of customer requirements systematically into functional requirements, design parameters, and process variables. The results showed that the dimensions attached to the product packaging, which included color, functionality, aesthetics, and symbols attached to 600 ml bottled bottled water, affect the level of eye fatigue that occurs in digital advertising viewers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-Assessment of students' behavior and their credits were assessed based on the identified student behavior prediction. Students' behavior is categorized by analyzing the possible attitudes of behavior based on the behavioral analysis of individual person behavior with the prediction and a specialized data mining process is deployed to identify the defined attributes used for the user behavior prediction. Specialized categorization approaches are utilized to identify the generic components contributing to the defined behavior to create the prediction models by using persuasive messages. The messages formulated will identify the exact attitude of the student behavior based on the examiner analysis of the same attribute student community. A common polling system is recommended to identify the general demographic reactions supplied to identify the behavior using a valid questionnaire. Based on the outcomes of the answer the decision tree is constructed with the created rules for to analyze and to do comparison analysis, three endurance algorithms namely CART, C4.5 algorithm, and ID3 are deployed. Among the three, the ID3 algorithm had a greater average classification accuracy rate, with which we can get more labels and defined attributes under each label to predict and justify student behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loudspeakers or external speakers are frequently utilized to boost the mosque's sound intensity when broadcasting the call to prayer as a call to prayer five times a day, lectures, religious dialogues, or readings from the holy Qur'an to reach the congregation gathered around it. The utilization of external loudspeakers confers advantages for disseminating information in public settings. Nevertheless, several nations have implemented measures to reduce the use of loudspeakers due to their perceived contribution to air pollution. Similarly, in Indonesia, the Ministry of Religious Affairs released recommendations in 2022 about using loudspeakers in mosques. One of the provisions under these laws is the regulation of sound amplification devices, specifically loudspeakers, utilized within mosques and prayer halls. Islamic principles advocate for the dissemination of religious broadcasting. In addition, it is essential to note that Islam espouses the direction of showing reverence towards our neighbours and discourages the use of loud voices that may disrupt the peace and tranquility of others. Hence, it is imperative to devise a resolution that enables the effective dissemination of the message while upholding the principles of harmonious coexistence and mutual empathy without causing disruptions or compromises to the integrity of neighbour relations. Hence, it is imperative to devise a technology that can effectively disseminate the sound of the mosque's call to prayer, ensuring direct access for every congregation. This technique enables the real-time transmission of audio data. This study aims to develop and implement a live streaming system for broadcasting the sound of the mosque's call to prayer. This system will utilize streaming technology, employing a microprocessor connected to an internet-based streaming server. A mobile application will also be developed to listen to real-time streaming of the call to prayer from the mosque. The solution allows local individuals to receive real-time call-to-prayer notifications on mobile devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every month for a year, water samples were taken from eight sampling sites where the wadi was impacted by anthropogenic causes. The data was divided into two sets: physical (4 variables) and chemical (19 variables), and it was studied from sample obtained from eight sites of wadi hanifa. The most important variables in measuring fluctuation in water quality owing to anthropogenic activities were extracted from the physical and chemical information using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Near order to comprehend a large and intricate data matrix obtained during a surveillance of the Wadi Hanifa in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, this work uses multivariate statistical approaches. Water samples were taken every month from eight sampling sites where the wadi was altered by anthropogenic influences, and the data was separated into two sets: physical (4 variables) and chemical (19 variables). The most important variables in measuring water quality variation owing to anthropogenic activities were extracted from the physical and chemical information using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature has been observed and studied by researchers in the development of new optimization algorithms including the black hole (BH) algorithm. Variety of fundamental modification has been done mainly to enhance the exploration and exploitation capability of BH, which are important in optimization process. Among others, the BH has been modified by the inclusion of a white hole (WH) operator, which is also inspired by nature. The WH contributes toward the exploration of BH. In order to proof this, an experiment is conducted using 30 benchmark functions from the CEC20214 and the diversity curves of the BHWH and BH algorithm are presented and analyzed. Comparison of the diversity curve of BHWH with the diversity curve of BH only has proven that the introduction of WH operator is able to improve the exploration of BH by increasing the diversity and slowing the diversity convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continued growth of the Internet has resulted in a significant increase in the number of electronic text documents. Grouping these documents into meaningful collections has become a very important issue. Previously, documents were grouped based on statistical characteristics, and the classification relied more on syntactic notions than semantic concepts. This created the problem of not classifying documents that are semantically related. To have this problem solved, semantic similarity techniques are applied. In this article, a unique approach for classifying text-based documents semantically is introduced. The work is performed by extracting document synopses from Wikipedia and IMDB databases grouped together, and then NLTK is employed to generate them. Following that, a vector space is modeled using TFIDF and converted to a TFIDF matrix in numerical form. Finally, the Mini Batch K-means method is used for clustering. The results are compared with previous work using several datasets of different sizes, and various evaluation metrics have been applied to determine the best approach among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information is divided into two types: classical and quantum. Quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and quantum teleportation are just a few of the miracles they can do when working together. Some of the uses range from assisting in the prevention of spies reading private messages to assisting in the prevention of spies reading private communications. Quantum purification and quantum error correction are examples of techniques that will make their implementation easier. Although some of these concepts are still beyond present technological capabilities, quantum cryptography has been established. The possibilities for small-scale quantum computer device prototypes by the end of the millennium are promising. This paper is focusing on addressing the depended approaches which deal with implementation cryptography based on quantumcomputing. Remembering that cryptography is a method of encryption that uses the naturally occurring propertiesof quantum mechanics to secure and transmit data in a way that cannot be hacked. Cryptography is the process ofencrypting and protecting data so that only the person who has the right secret key can decrypt it. For decades now, quantum computing has been hailed as one of the next big revolutions. Quantum computing is not just fasterthan traditional computing methods, but a fundamentally different approach to solve seemingly intractable problems. The mathematical operations that most traditional cryptographic algorithms rely on could be cracked with a sufficiently strong quantum computer. This paper aims to explain how quantum computing affects currentcryptography and expose readers to fundamental post-quantum methods. Quantum computing's influence on IT professionals is becoming increasingly important. As a result, we provide a straightforward introduction to post-quantum cryptography, including quantum-resistant algorithms and quantum key distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to rise in vehicle costs, the majority of families are unable to purchase the expensive car that comes equippedwith a side curtain airbag, which is a passive safety feature. To improve the crashworthiness of the vehicle, it is crucial to strengthen pillars C and D using constrained geometric optimization. It is concerned that the vehicle testing was not an accurate representation of the types of collisions that are likely to occur in the real world, particularly for pillar C and D. The buyers who mostly preferred a Small SUV or Crossover in which pillar A and B consists of high strength steel but notin pillar C and D in order to reduce the vehicle weight and cost cutting. In terms of maximum deflection and specific energyabsorption, the modified geometric design was superior to the existing design. Most of the lower car models lack these amenities, such as side curtain airbags, making them risky for rear-seat passengers. It is crucial since there is a high demandfor crossover cars with four pillars on each side of the car. This research will be based on the SUV and Crossover cars. Two geometric designs and crash tests on the present model were included in this research, one with the body design of the existing structure and the other with the body design with addition of 0.7 mm thick sheets to the pillar C and D structures. The current material known as Body in White (BIW) material, is typically composed of 70% steel, 30% aluminium and magnesium. The new designed pillars C and D are made of Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS). In comparison between existing model and newly developed model with a new material for pillar C and D, the strength of the new model was noticed very high. With old and new materials, the deformation in the pillars are roughly 68% lesser, and the overall weight difference was 1.325 kg. It was found that the newly designed pillar C and D is superior to the existing model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we use numerical methods to investigate how two rows of asymmetrical barriers (triangular, half-circle, and rectangular) affect heat transport and the friction factor penalty inside a channel. Represented by the Reynolds number range of 500-2500, vertical flow rate is the driving factor. The calculations are performed assuming a constant heat flow. The tests use ANSYS FLUENT 21 to determine the heat performance of each set of channels. In order to provide a fair comparison between the three scenarios, we'll use the obstacle height (h=8mm) as our starting point. The largest pressure increase and friction factor values were seen in the case of triangular obstacles, which also resulted in the best heat transmission outcomes at the price of a large pressure differential. We compared our results to those of prior research and found a high degree of concordance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus is a reproductive disease that infects ruminants commonly found in Indonesia. The Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, through the Directorate of Livestock and Animal Health, has determined Brucellosis as one of the national strategic infectious diseases that needs to be prioritized. One of the efforts is to develop diagnostic tools that are more accurate and easy to apply in the field. One of the diagnostic methods that has high accuracy is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on enzymatic reactions and antigen-antibody reactions. The weakness of this method is that it cannot be implemented in real time in the field, so it is necessary to develop a new method based on the same technology. One option is immunostick for rapid test in the field. Immunostick validation for the detection of brucellosis was carried out using bovine sera with known status as true positive and true negative. The test results on the diagnostic performance showed that the accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of the detection reached 98.70%, 97.29% and 100% respectively. Immunostick also shown excellent utility for screening (ruling out) and case finding (confirmation) tests. The inter-assay agreement to RBT (rose bengal test)-CFT (complement fixation test)-ELISA also showed very good results (k=0.96 – 0.97). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic purpose of this paper is to design and construct a reliable and low-cost system for generating electricity from the sun which represents the greatest renewable source of energy in nature. To achieve this goal, the system includes four sensors that are used to track down the sun to locate optimum solar radiation, and then send this data to Arduino-Uno which functions as a controlling device for this solar energy system. Next, Arduino signals to the servo DC motors to turn the PV panels to face optimum solar radiation. Matlab program was employed for analysis, calculations, and drawing figures in this research paper. The outcomes of experiments reveal that the tracking photovoltaic panels are superior to the static photovoltaic panels in producing electricity. However, the productive capacity of solar panels decreases when their temperature rises above the desired level. Moreover, windblown dust which daily accumulates on the surface of the PV panels reduces their efficiency. Therefore, the solar system is provided with controlled water sprinklers which serve cooling and cleaning purposes. It has been proved that providing the PV panels with this smart cooling technique can maximize relative power gain by (20.0698%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic abrasive finishing" (MAF) as considered of the unconventional finishing methods, which controlled by a magnetic force and improved the level of surface layer quality. This search deals with discussion the i influence of the magnetic abrasive finishing mechanism system on the surface roughness finish (Ra) in conditions of six input technology variables, with three levels according to design of experiment (DOE) Taguchi array L27 and by using the regression mathematical mode. These variables are the (Grain Size Powder, Gap between poles. Doze of the powder, Specimen work piece speed, Finishing time, and DC current). This study includes modify of (MAF)process machine, manufacturing magnetic body poles, and prepare the abrasive ferromagnetic powder by the mix of the boron nitride with the iron oxide. It has been indicated that in vitro Surface Roughness more than 75%., (MINITAB"17 software) was utilized to evaluate the influence of the (MAF) technology parameters on the Surface Roughness finish (Ra) of bar brass workpiece. The constant Coefficient of Determination (R2) is 96.72%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided-wave testing technology has been used in pipelines for non-destructive testing and structural health monitoring (SHM). This study suggests an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT(that is bendable and noncontact and is based solely on coils. A planar coil in the shape of a racetrack is used in this transducer design and is fed with pulse current to create a constant magnetic-field, while a second plane meander coil is connected and outfitted with an RF pulse generator to pulse and receive the wave signals reflected from the surface of the pipe as a result of cracks or distortions. The transducer can generate, send, and receive guided waves in ferromagnetic pipes based on the magnetostrictive process without any connection to the tube. The flexible, non-contact, compact shape of the transformer and ease of maintenance properties define this proposed design. It is simple to use with pipes of various diameters. Due to the design's reliance just on size of a coil utilized, it can accommodate a range of diameters. It is further distinguished by being appropriate for smooth surfaces or when most surfaces have exterior coatings for pipes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to design tri-band 5th order folded hairpin line band pass filter for S-band communication application with square hole attached to the ground plane. The microstrip band pass filter has dielectric constant of 4.3 (epoxy FR-4), substrate height of 1.6 mm and pass band ripple of 0.1. The total size of the filter is 31.2*22*1.67 mm3. The purpose of the filter operates on tri-band application (2.05 GHz, 2.4 GHz, 2.738 GHz) for mobile satellite services (MSS), industrial scientific and medical (ISM), satellite communication and WiMAX application. The return loss of the operating frequencies is obtained approximately -20 dB for two bands and -27 dB for one band. The initial design of the hairpin line filter inspired by folded parallel coupled band pass filter in order to execute size reduction. The final design of the proposed filter run through series of steps including the design of the conventional type and then applied extra folded in the first and last coupled line, and finally extrude a square from the ground plane to achieve tri-band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to design a 3rd order folded hairpin line band pass filter with dual via hole on the middle U-shape element and two C-shape folded arms. The proposed filter is designed to operate in S-band communication including mobile satellite services, and satellite communication with 200 MHz fractional bandwidth (2.2 GHz-2.4 GHz). The geometrical dimension of the filter is 22*22 mm2 and uses epoxy FR-4 substrate material with 1.4 mm height and 4.3 dielectric constants. The design strategies of the filter initiated with a conventional 3-order hairpin filter and then intensively increase the length of one coupled line after another to examine the results of return and insertion loss. The next step by folding the input and output resonator arm with specific dimensions to analyze the results. The final steps are to add a single and double via hole on the U-shape coupled line and execute a geometrical analysis of varying the radius of the hole and the substrate thickness for both situations to estimate the filter performance results. The design strategies of the filter initiated with a conventional 3-order hairpin filter and then intensively increase the length of one coupled line after another to examine the results of return and insertion loss. The next step by folding the input and output resonator arm with specific dimensions to analyze the results. The final steps are to add a single and double via hole on the U-shape coupled line and execute a geometrical analysis of varying the radius of the hole and the substrate thickness for both situations to estimate the filter performance results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils are chemical substances found in plants. Essential oil-producing plants include patchouli, clove, and lemongrass plants. Components of essential oil compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, terpenoids, and glycosides are thought to have antibacterial activity. The study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of patchouli essential oil, cloves, and lemongrass against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The antibacterial test method is carried out using diffusion of agar on disc paper. The test samples used were patchouli essential oil, cloves, and lemongrass from Batang district as much as 10 μL 100% concentration, positive control using 20% concentration chloramphenicol as much as 10 μL, and negative control using sterile blank disc paper. The results showed that there was a clear zone formed in the two test bacteria. The clear zone formed in the Escherichia coli test bacteria is until 9.5 mm in patchouli essential oil, until 20 mm in clove essential oil, and until 18 mm in lemongrass essential oil, while the clear zone formed in the test bacteria Bacillus subtilis is until 15 mm in patchouli essential oil, until 26 mm in clove essential oil, and until 20 mm in lemongrass essential oil. It can be concluded that patchouli essential oil, clove essential oil, and lemongrass essential oil have antibacterial activity against E. coli and B. subtilis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a waste heat dryer unit was built using the condenser of a domestic refrigerator running on R134a refrigerant, which is suitable for drying processes such as fruits and vegetables. The approximate calculations will be addressed to find out the appropriate refrigerator condenser for this purpose. Two types of condensers (L-type and shelf-type) are designed and fabricated inside the drying chamber. Three types of fruits were dried in this experiment: kiwi, apple, and carrot, through natural and forced convection at three speeds (1, 2, and 3) m/s. The effect of airflow on the product was observed, where it was noted that the drying time is less when the heat exchange inside the drying chamber is forced convection, and at the same time, the performance coefficient of the system is slightly increased from 1.7 to 1.83. The drying time for fruit in natural convection was achieved by four hours for (L-type) condenser and five and a half hours for (shelf-type) condenser, while when using a fan, the drying time becomes three hours for (L-type) condenser and three hours and forty-five minutes for (shelf-type) condenser at a speed of 1 m/s. At a speed of 2 m/s, the (L-type) condenser took two hours and thirty-five minutes and the (shelf-type) condenser took three hours and forty-five minutes. And two hours for (L-type, shelf-type) condensers at a speed of 3 m. Comparison between heat rejected from (shelf-type) condenser depending on predicted heat transfer coefficient from air-side with heat rejected from the refrigerant side and the result showed good satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fixed solar panels face problems in the long-term energy loss and thus investment loss. Therefore, the solution can be found in solar tracking systems. A solar tracking system has been designed and implemented consisting of a 160-watt solar panel. The panel is moved to two axes through a hydraulic system consisting of two hydraulic cylinders. The system is characterized by ease of movement and control with extreme simplicity. The location of the path of the sun is determined through mathematical equations that include time, date, longitude, and latitude, and through an algorithm created within a microcontroller, the board is moved in the direction of the sun's path during the day. The tracking system works with a pulse system to reduce energy consumption and increase accuracy for solar tracking. The test was carried out with a fixed plate in the direction of 190 degrees south with an angle of inclination of 27 degrees. The solar tracking system has proven its effectiveness in performance, as the results have shown an 18% increase in power with an average power consumption of 100 pulses per hour in the steady-state, with each pulse by 100 milliseconds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fuzzy topological space was introduced by Dip in 1999 depending on the notion of the fuzzy space (X, I). In this paper, further definitions, and theorems on fuzzy topological space (X, I), τ) fill the lack in Dip's article. Different types of the fuzzy topology τ are investigated and illustrated such as co-finite fuzzy topology, co-countable fuzzy topology, right ray (or left ray) fuzzy topology, and standard (usual) fuzzy topology. Furthermore, boundary, exterior, dense, and isolated fuzzy point of a fuzzy subspace are presented based on the fuzzy space (X, I). Finally, fuzzy separation axioms on the fuzzy space (X, I) are introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar module is widely used in this modern world nowadays. It is not only can be found in industrial companies but also houses because many houses use solar as a generator for electrical appliances. This project included designing, analysing and observing the PV model and half-bridge inverter using SPWM method. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) also included. The method includes connecting the solar module with other connection such as op-amp and gating blocks as to observe the performance of the PV and inverter respectively. The FFT is being applied to the output waveform of the result and next the value of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the signal is being analysed. To calculate the THD, the amplitudes of the harmonics are required and FFT can be an assist of to determine the THD value. As the output waveform is in square waveform it is possible to perform FFT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The market for sportswear continues to be one of the most competitive in the fashion industry. Sales of sportswear in both developed and developing countries have been increasing. People today are more health- and style-conscious than ever before, therefore sportswear is often considered appropriate for use both on and off the pitch. Although there is a sizable market for sportswear, not much is known about how consumers' values affect their decisions to buy athletic apparel. In order to better understand how quality and social value affect young people's propensity to buy sportswear in Perlis, Malaysia, this study sets out to do just that. Descriptive Analysis, Reliability Analysis, the results of a survey administered to 254 students at secondary schools in and around Perlis were analysed using Factor Analysis and Regression Analysis. According to the data, young people in Perlis don't consider price or quality while making purchases of athletic gear. For sportswear, however, social value plays a much larger role in determining purchase intent. As a result, the findings encourage sportswear fashion marketers to develop campaigns that emphasise social value above quality value in order to boost the purchase intention of young customers in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Horizontal stresses are the essential part that contains valuable information for geomechanics study, which can be used to assess the wellbore stability. However, the empirical approach for estimating those horizontal stresses can be combined with machine learning models, resulting in a reliable measurement. The purpose of this research is to set up such maximum horizontal stress (σH) and minimum horizontal stress (σh) prediction, which is applied using Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR) and Multi-Layer Perceptron Regression (MLPR) to 16 wells (initially 112,652 data points) in the Perth Basin, Australia. The real wireline log data from those wells will be treated as input parameters, as well as divided the data into 12 wells of training data and the rest for testing the model. Results revealed that both of the machine learning techniques are showing better performance during the training phase, but fail in the testing phase. Especially for σh prediction in the test data, this prediction shows small R2 scores (under 0.5) and even negative fitting scores. Furthermore, GBR Model can be reevaluated by implementing the grid search, while the MLPR model can be reevaluated by adjusting the number of hidden layers. It also can be concluded that the high number of training data (above 85,071 data points) can't guarantee the best prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research predicts the Maximum and Minimum Horizontal Stress (σH and σh) using borehole logs and machine learning for the carbonate reservoir. The algorithms include Ridge Regression (RR), K-Nearest Neighbor Regression (KNNR), Extra Trees Regression (XTR), and Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR). Specific purposes are to determine the training error, the worst algorithm with disadvantages, as well as the best algorithm with excellencies, and the influence of DEPTH (as a feature among other logs) for the best algorithm. Several methods were plotted for prediction, namely preparation, preprocessing, modelling, development, validation, and best model evaluation. The data consists of AZI-1 and AZI-2 Well as validation, while AZI-3 to AZI-7 Well (except AZI-5) as training. Results show that the Coefficient of Determination (R2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of σH prediction are RR (0.69; 1.9E-3), KNNR (0.99; 6.7E-5), XTR (0.97; 4.9E-5), and GBR (0.98; 3.5E-5); while error (R2; RMSE) of σh predictions are RR (0.61; 9.6E-4), KNNR (0.98; 5.1E-5), XTR (0.99; 6.5E-5), and GBR (0.99; 3.7E-5). RR is the worst algorithm that underfits the prediction. Hereafter, GBR is the best algorithm that performs training accuracy, best validation performance, and Absolute Percentage Error (APE) with Mean APE (MAPE) under 10%. This model can also forecast horizontal stress from other carbonate wells in East Natuna effectively, compared with the empirical correlation. As the best algorithm, GBR is developed using the DEPTH as one of the features. The new GBR without the DEPTH feature results in good AZI-1 Well prediction but fails to predict the horizontal stresses in AZI-2 Well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been much research on the Bebepapas tradition in the people of Kalimantan, but research has yet to be done that specifically explores the meaning of the equipment and its relevance to the attitude of defending the State. This article aims to describe the sense of equipment and its relevance to the perspective of protecting the State in the Bepapas tradition carried out by the people of Kalimantan. The method used is ethnography with Roland Barthes's theory of Semiotics. The research findings show that the equipment in the Bebepas tradition has a profound meaning in denotative, connotative, and mythical terms. The equipment in the Bepapas tradition symbolizes self-strength or might, benefit for others, cleanliness of intentions and hearts, struggle, patience, introspection, and love. This meaning is also very relevant to various attitudes to defend the country, namely in the form of obedience to God, cooperation, caring for others, caring for the natural environment, and hard work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assignment problems have become much more challenging for academic institutions in terms of course assignments to lecturers. The challenges include assigning a lecturer to a course or subject that is within their area of expertise, level of preference, and teaching competency. This has led to time-consuming, inefficient, and biased or unbalanced lecturer-to-course assignments. The modified Hungarian method (MHM) optimally solves the unbalanced assignment problems, especially for the situation, for example, when the number of jobs is always greater than the number of available machines, given that the jobs are expected to be completed within a respective time interval. Analysis of the MHM, focusing on the structure of the problems and types of applications, is presented in this paper. Various types of applications of MHM are found, however, there are limited existing studies focused on course allocation and assignments for lecturers in higher-level education institutions, especially considering the preference level and teaching competencies. Moreover, assessing lecturers' teaching competency in course assignment problems has never been found within the area of interest. For this reason, a conceptual model using the MHM method is introduced in this paper. The model is expected to contribute to enhancing lecturers' well-being, the teaching satisfaction level, and the quality of teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schiff base (N'-((1H-indol-3-yl) methylene) thiophene-2-carbohydrazide) (IMTC) and the starting material (indol-3-carboxyaldehyde) have been investigated as mild steel corrosion inhibitors in (0.2, 0.4, 0.6) M HCl media using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It has been demonstrated that the inhibition efficacy increases with increasing inhibitor concentration. A charge transfer technique is primarily responsible for controlling the mild steel's corrosion. Excellent results for the inhibitor were attributed to the creation of protective adsorption layers on the steel surface. Quantum chemical calculations have been utilized to clarify the inhibition mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the significance of predicting and managing potential risks in infrastructure projects, this issue has not received the attention from the executive authorities that it merits, and there remain numerous hazards that can have a significant negative influence on project objectives. By stressing the significance of computer programs in the production of a qualitative evaluation of risks and in designing effective treatments, this research thus intends to highlight the importance of risk management in providing a fundamental approach to successful project management. Data were gathered from existing literature addressing risk management to support this objective, as well as from in-person interviews with experts in building project design and implementation. An administrative system to be used in the qualitative assessment of risks and the development of appropriate treatments for those risks was then developed in light of the specific risks associated with the construction projects, mainly based on a questionnaire seeking advice from experts. In order to take advantage of the benefits of modern technology, a computer program was then created to apply the principles of the suggested administrative systems. The results of evaluation of the computer program and administrative system revealed that this program offers both efficiency and ease of use, contributing to increasing the efficiency of project management through qualitative assessment of risks, and allowing the straightforward selection of the best options to address each identified project risk. The nature of each project's different components ultimately led to a set of conclusions and recommendations emerging that include the fact that risk management studies enable project owners and managers to respond promptly and diligently when danger arises, as well as assisting engineers in making better decisions when managing projects that might otherwise be at risk of failing to achieve their goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a warehousing system management design was developed using the kanban barcode method to make it easier for operators to recap data on the entry and exit of goods ordered for the procurement of car spare parts at Toko Jaya Utama Muda. The Warehouse Management System design that has been implemented using the kanban barcode method consists of several processes, including: 1) Designing the process for making spare parts orders, 2) Designing the process for sending spare parts to the sales line, and 3) Designing the process for collecting kanban barcode suppliers. After the system design and various processes in the kanban barcode system are known, the equipment and equipment needed are known. Supplies and equipment needed include: 1) Barcode Kanban Card, 2) Delivery Order, 3) Kanban Box, 4) Computer, 5) Barcode Scanner, 6) Delivery Order Printer, 7) Kanban Barcode Printer. In the comparison of the time system used, the comparison of time (ready goods) obtained the results of the time obtained using the new system ±15 minutes and the conventional system ±60 minutes. Meanwhile, in the comparison of the average time (unprepared goods) the results of using the new system are ±50 minutes and the conventional system ±100 minutes. With the warehousing layout, the level of Human Error will be less due to the arrangement of all goods and data collection of all goods on the sales line from the three categories, namely, fast moving, medium moving, slow moving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas bubbles imaging is vital in various industries. A system using ultrasound based on the tomography concept can be used to visualize the characteristics of bubbly flow. The ultrasonic system can provide important information on gas bubbles flow in a vertical pipe. Initially mathematical modeling was carried out on the propagation of ultrasound in the system. The image reconstruction was performed based on projections collected by collectors placed at different angles around the object of interest. The tomographic system composed of sixteen 333 kHz sensors was tested with five different phantoms that represent bubbles and the experimental results showed that it can provide the locations of single and multiple gas bubbles in the pipe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research will be conducted in the form of R&D, using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Analysis phase, in the form of needs analysis especially regarding the types of activities, kinds of lecture material, challenges/expectations encountered so far. The design stages include the preparation of hypothetical models and device prototypes. The development phase is used to compile and validate learning models and the teaching and learning sets. The implementation phase is in the form of implementing models and learning tools in real teaching in the Ecology course. While the evaluation phase is used to conduct evaluations and reflections on the effectiveness and efficiency of the development and application of learning models and tools, in order to foster some of the abilities of these students. Data validity of the model and the quality of teaching and learning sets will be analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. Practicality data of applying the model in learning is also analyzed using descriptive statistics. While data on the effectiveness of the application of learning models in growing these abilities on undergraduate biology education students will be analyzed inferentially using the manova test after the requirements for the test were fulfilled. The effectiveness of applying the model in two countries will be analyzed using univariate different tests. The results of the development of teaching kits produced 5 components of teaching kits, namely syllabus, lesson plan, student's worksheet, LMS-BeSmart, and Instrument of Assessment. The validation process, which has involved several validators (reviewers) and proofreaders, has produced teaching kits that are feasible to apply in the class. The implementation of Two Levels Inquiry-Based Blended Learning Model in real class shows high feasibility. Students and lecturers can carry out learning activities according to the design in the teaching kits. Student participation and involvement in learning activities is very good. The impact of the application of this learning model on student competence tends to be very good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung diseases that are commonly found among society are bronchitis and tuberculosis. The clinical difference between bronchitis and tuberculosis is that patients with bronchitis have a continuous cough with phlegm for three months. While tuberculosis patients experience a prolonged productive cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, and others. Diagnosis of lung disease is usually performed by a doctor through X-rays. The resulting image is identified through the naked eye resulting in subjective perspective. Therefore, the authors proposed a research that can simplify and assist in classifying the image of the lungs through X-rays. In this study, the proposed method is Extreme Learning Machine. The classification comprises of several stages, namely pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction using binarization, then classification using Extreme Learning Machine. A total of 102 X-ray images were used with 79 of them serving as training data, while the remaining were used for testing data. The result showed that Extreme Learning Machine has a good ability to identify images of normal lungs, bronchitis, and tuberculosis with an accuracy of 91.30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interventional study design has been adopted widely in design process and research, bringing new insights into design thinking, and innovating new ways of solving design problems through pragmatic and participative approach. However, there is still a lack of studies conducted in intervening design process at earliest stage with systematic approach due to contextual complexity and levels of competencies among designers. In this paper, we develop criteria preference tool for designing project briefs, as a result of analysing 21 designer's preferences in the specific designated task using pre- and post-study. The criteria preference tool provides us vocabularies that help to explain the challenges and priorities, what are influences the formulation of the brief's design direction and what informs the selection and development of the methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marketing communications are intended to convey messages or information to target users. In today's competitive business environment, products and services companies need to make sure that the communications they use are effective as consumers are made up of many features that have different perspectives and feedback. However, there is almost no specific study in this regard that focuses on the housing sector. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the real estate buyers' response towards the marketing communications process and the marketing communication channels which are used in the housing industry in marketing the real estate property. A set of survey questions will be used in conjunction with a three-dimensional mock-up housing model in collecting the response from the real estate buyers in Malaysia. The data collection will be conducted through social media platforms where the convenience of non-probability sampling method is used in this study to obtain the real estate buyer's feedback. This study uses a quantitative method of survey to collect the data. The study data will be analysed using SPSS (Statistical package for the social sciences) software. The expectation of this study is to support the research literature on marketing communications in general as well as the real estate sector, in addition to provide guidance for real estate developers to improve their marketing communications, thus protecting the social interests of home buyers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology that is constantly evolving has become one of the things that can minimize human difficulties in activities, such as in the learning process. The learning process carried out manually or through books is considered less effective because the learning process is limited, for example in medical learning. Learning to use 3D objects and animations in medical learning still feels incomplete because there is no user interaction with the learning object. Therefore, in this study, an interaction system was developed in a medical learning application in the form of learning human anatomy using Mixed Reality. In this study, there are 2 types of interaction, namely hand gesture and voice input. The result of this research is interactive learning, where users can interact with human muscle anatomy using Mixed Reality, making it easier for users and increasing interest in medical learning of human muscle anatomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in information technology and computers in the Industrial Era 4.0 have been proven to improve organizational performance and organizational operational efficiency. One of the characteristics of the Industrial revolution 4.0 is the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) to obtain data in real time. The system for calculating electrical energy consumed still uses a token-based analog and digital KWH (Kilo Watt Hour) meter. In prepaid electricity, consumers have to spend money or pay first for the electrical energy that will be consumed. However, many people are still reluctant to use this type of electricity. Because one of the disadvantages of using prepaid electricity services is that the electricity will turn off automatically when the credit runs out, so consumers must often monitor the remaining balance. In postpaid electricity, consumers only need to pay for electricity for the amount used and pay the bill on the date that has been set by PLN. However, this postpaid electricity system has the opportunity to harm PLN because this analog system is easy to modify, so that the KWH meter rotates more slowly, even changing / doubling the existing electricity lines without going through the electricity meter. This study tries to propose a system for calculating electrical energy consumed automatically in a closed network by utilizing IoT technology so that it can be monitored in real time. This system will also be useful in anticipating illegal flow theft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional building are built to suit the climate, the users and their surroundings. One of the famous traditional building in Malaysia is Masjid Kampung Laut, a public mosque that located in Nilam Puri, Kelantan, Malaysia. This building is an iconic building as still standing and fully utilised while its age is 400 years old. This study aims to investigate the factor of good indoor air quality (IAQ) in Masjid Kampung Laut, and to prove the hypothesis that it was because of the cross ventilation system within the building. The methodology used in the investigation is mix method, involving several ways including measurement on site, interview, direct observation, participant observation, and physical artifact. The intention of this study hereby to make an awareness among the core players in building industry such as architects, designers, developers, engineers and the authorities to preserve our traditional buildings, at the same time take traditional design as the model to make a better design that suit our culture and climate. As conclusion, we conclude that traditional buildings was built excellently understand the climate, promotes cross ventilation to ensure the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in optimum condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review investigates recent studies from the years 2005-2020 with empirical data on how online communication tools have been used to develop a collaborative learning culture for English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in various countries. Some online communication tools that fall under the categories of social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Ning, blogging sites such as Blogger and WordPress and, instant messaging applications such as WhatsApp, Skype and Yahoo! Messenger have been identified as the most commonly used tools in promoting collaborative e-learning among language learners. Based on the thematic analysis conducted on the articles, collaborative e-learning activities that are properly planned and executed are found to be able to increase learner autonomy, improve student engagement among one another, boost confidence and lower anxiety among students and promote optimization of synchronous and asynchronous combination tools in learning. Directions for further inquiry have been outlined in terms of teacher readiness to shift role into a facilitator or moderator and, proper planning of online assessment and evaluation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted in the winter season of 2022-2021 in the Department of biology, College of Education, University of Samarra, to evaluate the effectiveness of some plant extracts on the growth and productivity of tomato plants, as well as comparing their use with chemical fertilizers. The results indicated that the spraying with Sesbania extract had positive significant differences in the characteristics of vegetative growth compared with plants that were not sprayed with it, where the treatments (S1) achieved the highest rate of leaves numbers amounted to (380) leaves, and the highest rate of leaf area was (4.424) cm2 compared with (S0) (sprayed with water only) gave the lowest average leaf area (2.132) cm2, and the least number of leaves (114.2) Also, the interaction between extracts and chemical fertilizers had a significant effect on some vegetative characteristics such as stem height, where the treatments (FS1) achieved the highest stem height amounted to (41.75) cm, compared with those that did not use extracts or chemical fertilizers such as treatment (S0) that gave the lowest rate of stem height which was (30) cm. The results also showed the effect of Sesbania extract on the production traits (yield), which had a significant and clear effect on the characteristic of fruit diameter, weight and number. The treatments (S1) gave the highest average fruit diameter (10.75) cm, and the highest average fruit weight (95) g, and the highest average number of fruits (8) compared with factor (F) (which treatment with chemical fertilizers), which recorded the lowest average fruit diameter (2.75) cm, and the lowest average fruit weight (21.5), and the treatments (S0) (sprayed with water only) were lower Average number of fruits (3) only fruit per plant, so it is the lowest rate among all treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was carried out inside in 2020-2021 season to study the effect of three fertilizer usage on plant growth and yield of chili peppers under plastic tunnel conditions. The treatments included as soil fertilizer application with Bio-health with three treatments (seed pollination, dipping seedlings, and soil injection with Bio-health), as a foliar fertilizer with Nano-iron (0, 0.75, 1.5 gm. L−1) and chelated iron (0, 5, 10 gm. L−1). Three levels of both Nano and chelated iron, The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that: The treatment of nano scale iron (1.5 g. L−1) was significantly higher by giving the highest averages of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, iron, zinc and manganese elements absorbed by plant leaves, which amounted to (3.13% '0.40%, 2.3%, 110.31 g. kg−1, 15.02 g. kg−1, 51.38 g. kg−1) respectively, while the treatment of chelated iron (10 g. L−1) was significantly superior and gave the highest averages for the above elements as (2.95%, 0.38%, 2.09%, 94.86 g. kg−1). 13.55 g. kg−1, 45.60 g. kg−1) respectively, and the treatment of biological fertilizer (injection into the soil) significantly outperformed its administration with the highest averages reaching (2.92%, 0.39%, 2.15%, 96.64 g. kg−1, 13.86 g. kg−1, 47.10 g. kg−1) respectively. The present study revealed that there was variability among the used fertilizers, showing that it could be used for further improvement in growth and yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to prepare aqueous Dianthus caryophyllus L extract and test its anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells (MCF-7 is a breast cancer cell line) and normal WRL68 cells (WRL68 is normal liver cell line), as well as test its antimicrobial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria isolated from festering human wounds at Salah al-Din General Hospital. 80 swabs were collected from suppurating wounds of people exposed to bruises and accidents in hospital for the period from January to May of 2021. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria were isolated 37 times from patients, which represents 46.25 percent of all bacterial isolates isolated from hospitalized patients. Then, using the well-agar diffusion method, tested the effectiveness of the aqueous extract of Dianthus caryophyllus in inhibiting the growth of these bacteria, five concentrations were tried: 10 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 75 mg/ml. ml, and 100 mg/ml, and the efficacy was gradually increased with increasing concentration, the concentration of 100 mg/ml caused the largest inhibition area for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria on the dish in vitro, and these bacteria were identified by biochemical assays and validated by Vitek-test 2. The anti-cancer efficacy was tested with aqueous Dianthus caryophyllus extract as MCF-7 breast cancer cells had an LD50 of 39.09 percent, while normal WRL68 cells had an LD50 of 4.775 percent, according to the MTT test. The components of the aqueous extract of Dianthus caryophyllus were also determined using GC\MS and FTIR techniques, The results of the GC\MS assays showed that the highest percentage of the supporting substances was for eugenol, which has mainly anti-microbial and anti-carcinogenic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus has no remedy at the moment. Diabetes mellitus is a fatal condition that can lead to heart failure, kidney disease, unhealed wounds, and other consequences. Precautions are one option that can be used to combat this condition. Using artificial intelligence, this project aims to develop an early detection system for diabetes mellitus. In this article, researchers employ a combination of two machine learning algorithms to diagnose diabetes: Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) as the model to extract the important information from the dataset and Support Vector Machines (SVM) as a classifier model. The main target of this study is to find the best classification model for identifying diabetes. The LDA-SVM approach for identifying diabetes is also described in this work, as well as its implementation and performance. The PIMA Indian Diabetes dataset was used to conduct the experiment in this case. In addition, to find the optimum parameters and develop the best model, we employ a cross-validation approach as many as 10 fold. The conclusion of this study is that LDA-SVM successfully detected diabetes using sigma = -4.5 with a result of accuracy value of 77.34%, a result of sensitivity of 73.507%, and a result of specificity of 79.60%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) fiber is a byproduct of the palm oil industry, and have the potential as a reinforcement material in various polymer based products, resulting in remarkable improvements in mechanical properties. In recent years, researchers have focused on developing OPEFB fiber reinforced thermoplastic starch (TPS) films as a potential alternative to petroleum based plastic films. However, the mechanical properties of these films need to be improved for practical applications. One approach to improving the mechanical properties of OPEFB fibers/TPS films is acid hydrolysis (AH) treatment. TPS films were formed by the plasticization process, in which the structure of granule starch was devastated and reformed by water, and glycerin through the heating process. The OPEFB fiber were undergo AH treatment for reduced the size of particles, removed impurities, and enhanced the compatibility between the OPEFB cellulose, and the TPS matrix. The OPEFB cellulose was added to the TPS matrix to produce OPEFB(AH)/TPS bio composites by film casting. The TPS films with OPEFB(AH) fiber content in the range of 1wt% to 6wt% were prepared. The mechanical properties were studied by changing the content of OPEFB(AH) fiber added to the TPS matrix. Results show that the films achieved the highest tensile strength when 4wt% OPEFB(AH)/TPS were used to form bio composites films. This was due to the homogenous, and good distribution of OPEFB cellulose in the TPS matrix. The tensile strength reduces when the OPEFB(AH)/TPS fiber content was increased to 5wt%. The elongation at the break of films experienced a slightly reduced as the loading of OPEFB(AH) cellulose increased because the mobility of the starch chain was hindered by OPEFB(AH) cellulose. The morphology of different loading OPEFB(AH) cellulose with the TPS matrix was investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas turbines are essential devices used in nearly all fields, especially power generation. However, they are monitored without a man on duty in most cases. With technological advancement, the gas turbines can now be monitored remotely with the help of digital twin technology. However, an interface is required so that the monitoring process can be performed easily and is suitable for the various user backgrounds. The paper introduces a Graphical User Interface (GUI) using the 'Appdesigner' feature in MATLAB software to simulate the actual scenario or environment of monitoring the gas turbine for the digital twin application. The GUI is designed in an aspect that it can obtain input from an excel file or the existing data in MATLAB. The methodology consists of two steps which include design view and code view. The GUI application allows the user to load the input data, display the values and plot several output parameters such as fuel flow, turbine temperature, power, and speed. The output values are generated through Simulink, a solver used for modeling and simulating dynamic systems in MATLAB. The model is made compact and user-friendly by masking all the subsystems. The results displayed on the GUI were compared with the outputs from Simulink for validation. It shows that the call function on the interface works well and is accurate as the plot obtained was identical. The future scope of this study is that tripping predictions can also be performed for gas turbines by using this model in digital twin applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the literature on Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system implementation methodologies, modules, software, and policies in recent years. ERP system investment has become the goal of many companies to improve company performance. An ERP system can be likened to the backbone of an information system in a company. The ERP system is integrated and can provide real-time information to aid decision-making. Various methodologies can be used in its implementation. Numerous ERP software options are also available, both paid and open source. Nineteen papers were collected from previous research on ERP system implementation and linked to discussion points. The study's findings indicate a uniqueness in ERP system implementation, which may differ from one implementation to the next. Furthermore, several open-source ERP systems are being considered, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Open-source ERP systems are appropriate for small to medium-sized businesses. The use of modules is one of the factors to consider when choosing and implementing an ERP system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological advances are experiencing rapid increases in various industrial sectors, especially in the world of shipping. Many various implementations have been carried out including the development of ship engines with the aim of being able to produce optimal advantages both in terms of fuel economy, efficiency, as well as methods that support the ship's feasibility during operation, one of which is the purse seine ship which supports fuel. principal of society and the state. Optimization by planning the propulsion system and ship power supply has been proven in several studies to have a positive impact now and in the future. One optimization method that can be applied is hybrid propulsion with hybrid power supply which is a system model planning on the ship. This method is used by designing an ideal system on the ship by combining the ship's diesel engine with an existing generator with a generator shaft that can distribute the loads on the ship, assisted by power storage and solar panels as the application of renewable energy. Therefore, this study aims to be able to test an effective system model to be able to produce energy savings on the 60 GT purse seine vessel which is the object of research. The system model planning process will be carried out by calculating the resistance and power of the ship needed to be able to support the hybrid power with hybrid power supply model, then calculating the overall load on the ship in order to be able to distribute the power requirements to the propulsion engine and ship power supply. After that, the selection of supporting components is also a determining factor to be able to optimize the system. The results of the calculation of fuel consumption also have an effect on being able to meet the needs of energy savings. A total of 5,94528 tons/trip of the difference in fuel produced, or Rp. 638,783,308/trip the difference between the two ship system conditions. These results have a positive impact that the implementation of the system is very helpful in terms of energy savings on 60 GT purse seine vessels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transesterification reaction reacts vegetable or animal oil and alcohol as reactants with the support of a catalyst. This study produced biodiesel through a transesterification reaction between used cooking oil and alcohols with CaO heterogeneous catalyst from Anadara granosa. CaO compound was synthesized via temperature varying calcination process at 700°C, 800°C, and 900°C for 6 hours. Transesterification reaction was conducted at temperatures ranging from 55°C to 65°C and molar ratios of oil and methanol 1:12, 1:15, and 1:18. The process took place for 3 hours with the presence of a 3% m/m catalyst. The physical and chemical properties of synthesized biodiesel were in accordance with SNI standards. The highest yield of produced biodiesel was accomplished at 31.02% with 1:15 oil to methanol ratio and 60°C and 800°C of transesterification and calcination temperatures respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers are currently paying increased attention to the problem of green supplier selection because it affects the performance of green supply performance. However, the previous article never discussed the literature review on Green Supplier Selection for the Agri-food Industry. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a thorough analysis of the methodology and context of Green Supplier Selection for the Agri-food Industry. From 2014 to 2022, 28 peer-reviewed papers were collected from the Scopus database and Google Scholar searches. This review study is divided into two problem contexts: green supplier selection and green supplier selection and order allocation. Furthermore, this review is based on a methodology that incorporates problem-solving techniques such as Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), Mathematical Programming (MP), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Hybrid (Integrating MCDM-MP and MCDM-AI). The results show that the Green Supplier Selection problem has received the most attention, followed by the Green Supplier Selection & Order Allocation problem. Furthermore, the MCDM procedure dominates the methodology used in the Green Supplier Selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potential antibacterial such as Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is being extensively studied throughout the research world. The modified hydrothermal nanotitania extraction was shown to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus in our lab test. The reaction of our substance to the rat skin and its behaviour is unknown. We observe the effect of modified hydrothermal nanotitania extraction to the Spraque Dawley rat skin and its reaction to it. Sprague Dawley (Rattus norvegicus) rats were used as the experimental animals. The skin around their dorsum of the tested animal were shaved and pasted with 0.1mg and 0.5mg nanotitania extraction. The colour of the pasted area and the behaviour of the animals were observed. 0.1 mg nanotitania extraction application on dorsum of the rat showed no skin colour changes at day 1, day 3, day 5 and day 7 post application. There no changes in their behaviour up to day 7 with no skin rashes or skin scratches seen or fur changes. 0.5mg of nanotitania extraction showed redness and less fur growth at day 7. Our 0.1mg modified nanotitania extraction is observed as no effect to the rat skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water contamination that caused by heavy metals is a very common phenomenon in the industrial age. One of the popular way to treat metal contaminated water is by adsorption process using activated carbon as the adsorbent. This paper works on producing activated carbon by chemical means with impregnation ratios of NaOH:char (w/w) was predetermined at 1:1 (ACT1-1), 2:1 (ACT2-1) and 3:1 (ACT3-1) under activation temperature of 700 °C. In other to reduce cost of production, cheap raw material which is the Leucaena leucocephala was used as the precursor. The properties of these activated carbons and its potential for cadmium removal from aqueus solution was analyzed. It was found that the highest surface area was recorded at 662.76 m²/g. Four parameters were studied which are contact time, the effect of pH, initial concentration of adsorbate and temperature. The equilibrium time was achieved in 40 min treatment at initial concentrations of 30 mg/l. The adsorbent exhibited good sorption potential for cadmium at pH 8.0 and equilibrium temperature of 30 °C. Based on the results, this study had proved that activated carbon from Leucaena leucocephala biomass have the good potential to be used for removal of cadmium from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]