Search

[Display omitted] • Correlated Acer truncatum leaf (ATL) metabolites and environmental factors. • Flavonoids (FLAs) and gallic acid-containing products (GANPs) are main metabolites. • Thirty-four compounds were identified for the first time from A. truncatum. • FLAs and GANPs levels are affected by humidity, temperature, and sunshine duration. • Prioritized cultivation sites for harvesting ATL with potential health benefits. Traditionally in Northern China, Acer truncatum leaves (ATL) have been used as herbal tea, now consumed worldwide. Few studies have reported ATL metabolites from different areas and their correlation with the environment. Thus, metabolomic analyses were conducted on ATL collected from twelve locations throughout four environmental zones in Northern China to understand the phytochemical differences with regards to environmental conditions. Sixty-four compounds, mostly flavonoids (FLAs) and gallic acid-containing natural products (GANPs), were characterized, including 34 previously unreported constituents from A. truncatum. Twenty-two markers were useful to differentiate ATL from the four environmental zones. Humidity, temperature, and sunshine duration are the predominant factors affecting FLAs and GANPs levels. Sunshine duration was positively correlated with eriodictyol (r = 0.994, p < 0.01), and humidity negatively with epicatechin gallate (r = −0.960, p < 0.05). These findings provide insights into ATL phytochemistry, aiding cultivation of A. truncatum tea with higher potential health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The HPLC profiles of six fruits endemic of the VIII region of Chile were investigated using high resolution mass analysis (HR-ToF-ESI-MS). The anthocyanin fingerprints generated for the fruits were compared and the antioxidant capacities measured by the scavenging of the DPPH radical, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), the superoxide anion scavenging activity assay (SA), and correlated with the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes (LP) and total content of phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins measured by spectroscopic methods. Several anthocyanins were identified, including 3- O -glycosides derivatives of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin and malvidin. Three phenolic acids (feruloyl-quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and neochlorogenic acid) and five flavonols (hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercetin, rutin, myricetin and isorhamnetin) were also identified. Calafate fruits showed the highest antioxidant activity. However, the highest LP activity was found for Chilean blueberries (>95%) followed by calafate fruits (91.27%) and luma (83.4%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antioxidant activity and identification of phenolic compounds of seven edible guava ( Psidium guajava ) cultivars that varied in colour from white to pink were examined. In the DPPH assay all four pink-pulp guavas (Barbie Pink, Homestead, Sardina 1, Sardina 2) included in the study showed higher activity than the white pulp cultivars (Yen 2 and Sayla) and less than the red pulp guava cultivar (Thai Maroon). In the ABTS + assay this trend was the same up to 20 min, but from 20 to 40 min Barbie Pink showed lower activity than the white guavas. Twenty-one compounds were characterised in the cultivars, and ten of them are reported for the first time in this fruit. Principle component analysis was performed to identify differences in chemistry among these cultivars. Our results suggest that the antioxidant activity and phytochemical composition of P . guajava vary significantly according to the cultivar and pulp colour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Prohexadione-calcium treatment alters flavour compound biosynthesis in hops. [•] Twenty-nine metabolites among three pathways were targeted by LC-ToF-MS and UHPLC methods. [•] Developmental time-courses revealed changes in the velocity of accumulation of hop bitter acids. [•] Prohexadione-calcium may be useful for crop and food quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The antioxidant activity of the Costa Rican guava pulp extract and its fractions was assessed. [•] The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity. [•] Its inhibitory activities against IL-8 and MMP-1 expression were assessed. [•] The ethyl acetate fraction displayed activity in both the IL-8 and MMP-1 assays in a concentration-dependent manner. [•] Nine compounds are reported for the first time in the Costa Rican guava. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Nine anthocyanins (1–9) from the edible fruits of Eugenia brasiliensis were identified by HPLC-PDA and LC–MS, and seven of these are described for the first time in this Brazilian fruit. Two of the major anthocyanins, delphinidin (8) and cyanidin (9), were studied for their inhibitory activity against chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) production before and after cigarette smoke extract (CSE) treatment of cells. In non-treated cells the amount of IL-8 was unchanged following treatment with cyanidin and delphinidin in concentrations 0.1–10μM. Both delphinidin (8) and cyanidin (9) decreased the production of IL-8 in treated cells, at 1 and 10μM, respectively. Delphinidin (8) demonstrated IL-8 inhibition in the CSE treated cells in a dose-dependent manner. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Four flavone C-glycosides, isoorientin (1), orientin (2), vitexin (3), and isovitexin (4), were isolated from the neotropical blueberry of Anthopterus wardii, a so-called “superfruit”, using antioxidant activity-guided fractionation. A dose–response relationship of compounds 1–4 was determined for their anti-inflammatory activity against interleukin-8 (IL-8) and for the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression, an inflammatory marker for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The four flavone C-glycosides exhibited inhibitory activity against IL-8 production and MMP-1 expression, with compounds 1, 3, and 4 having the most potent inhibitory activities in both assays at 100μg/ml. The structures of compounds 1–4 were determined by spectroscopic methods. These flavone C-glycosides are reported for the first time in the Anthopterus genus. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Many species of Myrtaceae are cultivated in home gardens throughout the tropics for their edible fruit, and have been used in traditional medicine to treat several inflammatory conditions. Fruit phenolics are important dietary antioxidant and anti-inflammatory constituents. We have investigated the antiradical activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and total anthocyanin content (TAC) of 14 underutilized Myrtaceae fruits, namely Eugenia aggregata, E. brasiliensis, E. luschnathiana, E. reinwardtiana, Myrciaria cauliflora, M. dubia, M. vexator, Syzygium cumini, S. curranii, S. jambos, S. javanicum, S. malaccense, S. samarangense, and S. samarangense var. Taiwan pink. An HPLC-PDA method was developed to quantify the amounts of cyanidin 3-glucoside (1), delphinidin 3-glucoside (2), ellagic acid (3), kaempferol (4), myricetin (5), quercetin (6), quercitrin (7), and rutin (8) present in MeOH extracts of the fruit. TPC ranged from 3.57 to 101mg/g, TAC ranged from undetectable to 12.1mg/g, and antiradical activity, measured as DPPH˙ IC50, ranged from very active (19.4μg/ml) to inactive (389μg/ml). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extracts of the pulp and seeds of the fruits of Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. and L.M. Perry led to the identification of four cytotoxic compounds and eight antioxidants on the basis of HPLC-PDA analysis, MS, and various NMR spectroscopic techniques. Three C-methylated chalcones, 2′,4′-dihydroxy-3′,5′-dimethyl-6′-methoxychalcone (1), 2′,4′-dihydroxy-3′-methyl-6′-methoxychalcone (stercurensin, 2), and 2′,4′-dihydroxy-6′-methoxychalcone (cardamonin, 3), were isolated and displayed cytotoxic activity (IC50 =10, 35, and 35μM, respectively) against the SW-480 human colon cancer cell line. Also a number of known antioxidants were obtained including six quercetin glycosides: reynoutrin (4), hyperin (5), myricitrin (6), quercitrin (7), quercetin (9), and guaijaverin (10), one flavanone: (S)-pinocembrin (8), and two phenolic acids: gallic acid (11) and ellagic acid (12). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The edible fruits of 12 plants were extracted in methanol and subjected to solvent–solvent partitioning to yield three fractions, hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous. The semi-purified aqueous fractions were separated over Diaion HP-20SS resin to remove sugars and ascorbic acid. These fractions were then screened for antioxidant activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. Nine of the semi-purified fractions exhibited high antioxidant capacity. Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside, an anthocyanin antioxidant, was identified from semi-purified aqueous fractions of the tropical fruit star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito), Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora), and jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora). Delphinidin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside was identified from E. uniflora. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Hop aroma glycosides detected using UPLC–MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring. • Hexyl glucoside levels most affected by growing location (i.e. terroir). • Linalyl, raspberry ketone, and phenylethyl glucoside levels most affected by genotype. Genetics and environment both influence the content of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) aroma compounds. The effects of these two factors on aroma glycosides, which can change the aroma profile of beer over time, were examined in a preliminary study. Twenty-three hop cultivars were grown in the northwestern United States in two locations with distinct terroirs. UPLC–MS/MS analysis of hop cone extracts revealed that growing location had a large effect on hexyl glucoside levels but only a negligible effect on levels of linalyl, raspberry ketone, and 2-phenylethyl glucoside, which were mostly affected by genetic differences. The large terroir effect on hexyl glucoside, which releases a green leaf volatile with a grassy aroma when hydrolyzed, but not on the other aroma glucosides, which have more desirable aromas when hydrolyzed, could have an impact on beer aroma profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]