16 results on '"Kalghatgi, A."'
Search Results
2. Size dependent bandgap of molecular beam epitaxy grown InN quantum dots measured by scanning tunneling spectroscopy.
- Author
-
Kumar, Mahesh, Rajpalke, Mohana K., Bhat, Thirumaleshwara N., Roul, Basanta, Kalghatgi, A. T., and Krupanidhi, S. B.
- Subjects
MOLECULAR beam epitaxy ,QUANTUM dots ,TUNNELING spectroscopy ,INDIUM nitride ,WURTZITE ,X-ray diffraction ,TRANSMISSION electron microscopy ,EFFECTIVE mass (Physics) - Abstract
InN quantum dots (QDs) were grown on Si (111) by epitaxial Stranski-Krastanow growth mode using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Single-crystalline wurtzite structure of InN QDs was verified by the x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Scanning tunneling microscopy has been used to probe the structural aspects of QDs. A surface bandgap of InN QDs was estimated from scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) I-V curves and found that it is strongly dependent on the size of QDs. The observed size-dependent STS bandgap energy shifts with diameter and height were theoretical explained based on an effective mass approximation with finite-depth square-well potential model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Effect of N/Ga flux ratio on transport behavior of Pt/GaN Schottky diodes.
- Author
-
Roul, Basanta, Kumar, Mahesh, Rajpalke, Mohana K., Bhat, Thirumaleshwara N., Sinha, Neeraj, Kalghatgi, A. T., and Krupanidhi, S. B.
- Subjects
SAPPHIRES ,MOLECULAR beam epitaxy ,GALLIUM nitride ,PHOTOLUMINESCENCE ,RAMAN effect ,SCANNING electron microscopy - Abstract
GaN films were grown on c-plane sapphire by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE). The effect of N/Ga flux ratio on structural, morphological, and optical properties was studied. The dislocation density found to increase with increasing the N/Ga ratio. The surface morphology of the films as seen by scanning electron microscopy shows pits on the surface and found that the pit density on the surface increases with N/Ga ratio. The room temperature photoluminescence study reveals the shift in band-edge emission toward the lower energy with increase in N/Ga ratio. This is believed to arise from the reduction in compressive stress in the films as is evidenced by room temperature Raman study. The transport studied on the Pt/GaN Schottky diodes showed a significant increase in leakage current with an increase in N/Ga ratio and was found to be caused by the increase in pit density as well as increase in dislocation density in the GaN films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Temperature dependent electrical transport behavior of InN/GaN heterostructure based Schottky diodes.
- Author
-
Roul, Basanta, Rajpalke, Mohana K., Bhat, Thirumaleshwara N., Kumar, Mahesh, Sinha, Neeraj, Kalghatgi, A. T., and Krupanidhi, S. B.
- Subjects
INDIUM compounds ,GALLIUM nitride ,HETEROSTRUCTURES ,MOLECULAR beam epitaxy ,MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
Recently, various high quality factor photonic crystal microcavities have been demonstrated theoretically and experimentally with only one-dimensional periodicity. However, in most cases high-index materials such as silicon were chosen for easily achievable large photonic bandgap and elaborate refractive index modulation or taper structure is required for reducing radiation loss. Here, we present a design of high-Q microcavities in one-dimensional multilayer polystyrene photonic crystal slab structures with a low-index contrast of 1.59:1. Microcavities are introduced by simply decreasing the thickness of layers at the center region to form a double-heterostructure. A resonant mode with a quality factor up to 20 000 is obtained and found to originate from the modal gap confinement by comparing with a Fabry-Perot cavity. The dependence of the maximal quality factor on the cavity length further reveals that the small group velocity of light within the heterostructure cavity contributes significantly to the high-Q. In terms of the high quality factor, ease of fabrication, and large Kerr nonlinearity of polystyrene, our double-heterostructure microcavities will find potential application in realizing all-optical modulation devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Enhanced photorefractivity in a polymeric composite photosensitized with carbon nanotubes grafted to a photoconductive polymer.
- Author
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Lingam, Naveen K., Kalghatgi, Sonali, and Winiarz, Jeffrey G.
- Subjects
- *
POLYMERIC composites , *PHOTOREFRACTIVE materials , *CARBON nanotubes , *PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY , *COMPOSITE materials - Abstract
We report on the photosensitization of photorefractive (PR) polymeric composites through the inclusion of multiwalled and singlewalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), respectively, having poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK) grafted to their surfaces. The PR nature of the holographic gratings was confirmed via the asymmetric exchange of energy in a two-beam-coupling (TBC) geometry, yielding TBC gain coefficients approaching 80 cm-1. In addition, in degenerate-four-wave-mixing experiments the prepared composites exhibited diffraction efficiencies as high as 60% and overmodulation voltages as low as ∼40 V/μm. These notable figures of merit indicate that the grafting of the PVK polymer to the various CNTs results in enhanced PR performance. The mechanism responsible for this enhancement in PR performance is investigated using a variety of experimental techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. High-temperature dielectric response in pulsed laser deposited Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7 thin films.
- Author
-
Singh, Jitendra, Kalghatgi, A. T., Paru, Jayanta, and Krupanidhi, S. B.
- Subjects
- *
HIGH temperatures , *DIELECTRIC devices , *PULSED laser deposition , *THIN films , *PHYSICS research - Abstract
Cubic pyrochlore Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7 thin films were deposited by pulsed laser ablation on Pt(200)/SiO2/Si at 500, 550, 600, and 650 °C. The thin films with (222) preferred orientation were found to grow at 650 °C with better crystallinity which was established by the lowest full-width half maxima of ∼0.38. The dielectric response of the thin films grown at 650 °C have been characterized within a temperature range of 270-650 K and a frequency window of 0.1-100 kHz. The dielectric dispersion in the thin films shows a Maxwell-Wagner type relaxation with two different kinds of response confirmed by temperature dependent Nyquist plots. The ac conduction of the films showed a varied behavior in two different frequency regions. The power law exponent values of more than 1 at high frequency are explained by a jump-relaxation-model. The possibility of grain boundary related large polaronic hopping, due to two different power law exponents and transformation of double to single response in Nyquist plots at high temperature, has been excluded. The 'attempt jump frequency' obtained from temperature dependent tangent loss and real part of dielectric constants, has been found to lie in the range of their lattice vibronic frequencies (1012-1013 Hz). The activation energy arising from a large polaronic hopping due to trapped charge at low frequency region has been calculated from the ac conduction behavior. The range of activation energies (0.26-0.59 eV) suggests that the polaronic hopping at low frequency is mostly due to oxygen vacancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Role of the cesium antimonide layer in the Na[sub 2]KSb/Cs[sub 3]Sb photocathode.
- Author
-
Natarajan, Aravind, Kalghatgi, A. T., Bhat, B. M., and Satyam, M.
- Subjects
- *
CESIUM , *PHOTOCATHODES , *PHOTOEMISSION - Abstract
When radiation of sufficiently high energy is incident on the surface of a semiconductor photocathode, electrons are excited from the valence band to the conduction band and these may contribute to the photocurrent. The photocurrent in a single-layer cathode is found to be small, because of collisions within the cathode material, the electron affinity condition, etc. It is observed that when a thin layer of n-type cesium antimonide (Cs[sub 3]Sb) is deposited over a p-type layer of sodium potassium antimonide (Na[sub 2]KSb), there occurs a sharp rise in the photocurrent. The causes for the dramatic increase in the photocurrent obtainable from a sodium potassium antimonide cathode, by depositing a thin layer of cesium antimonide are analyzed in this article. It has been shown that the interface between sodium potassium antimonide and cesium antimonide can result in lowering of the electron affinity to a level below the bottom of the conduction band of sodium potassium antimonide. The drift field that arises at the heterointerface enables the electrons to reach the surface, leading to the emission of almost all the photogenerated electrons within the cathode. The processes involved in photoemission from such a double-layer cathode are examined from a theoretical point of view. The spectral response of the two-layer cathode is also found to be better than that of a single-layer cathode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. High-temperature dielectric response in pulsed laser deposited [Bi.sub.1.5][Zn.sub.1.0][Nb.sub.1.5][O.sub.7] thin films
- Author
-
Singh, Jitendra, Kalghatgi, A.T., Parui, Jayanta, and Krupanidhi, S.B.
- Subjects
Bismuth -- Electric properties ,Bismuth -- Optical properties ,Ablation (Vaporization technology) -- Usage ,Niobium -- Electric properties ,Niobium -- Optical properties ,Platinum -- Electric properties ,Platinum -- Optical properties ,Platinum -- Thermal properties ,Silica -- Electric properties ,Silica -- Optical properties ,Silica -- Thermal properties ,Dielectric films -- Electric properties ,Dielectric films -- Optical properties ,Dielectric films -- Thermal properties ,Thin films -- Electric properties ,Thin films -- Optical properties ,Thin films -- Thermal properties ,Zinc alloys -- Electric properties ,Zinc alloys -- Optical properties ,Physics - Abstract
Cubic pyrochlore [Bi.sub.1.5][Zn.sub.1.0][Nb.sub.1.5][O.sub.7] thin films are deposited by pulsed laser ablation on Pt(200)/Si[O.sub.2]/Si at high temperatures and the dielectric response of the thin films grown at 650 [degree]C are characterized. The dielectric dispersion in the thin films has shown a Maxwell-Wagner type relaxation with two different kinds of response that is confirmed by temperature dependent Nyquist plots.
- Published
- 2010
9. Manipulation of nonmagnetic nanobeads in dilute ferrofluid
- Author
-
Halverson, D., Kalghatgi, S., Yellen, B., and Friedman, G.
- Subjects
Physics - Abstract
Manipulation and assembly of 100-300 nm nonmagnetic latex beads in designated location was proved using patterns of submicron Co islands in conjunction with uniform static, or rotating, magnetic fields. Bead transport was clearly observed despite the presence of significant Brownian motion and a simplified mode of bead assembly and transport was proposed.
- Published
- 2006
10. Size dependent bandgap of molecular beam epitaxy grown InN quantum dots measured by scanning tunneling spectroscopy
- Author
-
Mahesh Kumar, A. T. Kalghatgi, Thirumaleshwara N. Bhat, Mohana K. Rajpalke, S. B. Krupanidhi, and Basanta Roul
- Subjects
Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,business.industry ,Band gap ,Scanning tunneling spectroscopy ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Epitaxy ,law.invention ,law ,Quantum dot ,Transmission electron microscopy ,Optoelectronics ,Scanning tunneling microscope ,business ,Wurtzite crystal structure ,Molecular beam epitaxy - Abstract
InN quantum dots (QDs) were grown on Si (111) by epitaxial Stranski-Krastanow growth mode using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Single-crystalline wurtzite structure of InN QDs was verified by the x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Scanning tunneling microscopy has been used to probe the structural aspects of QDs. A surface bandgap of InN QDs was estimated from scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) I-V curves and found that it is strongly dependent on the size of QDs. The observed size-dependent STS bandgap energy shifts with diameter and height were theoretical explained based on an effective mass approximation with finite-depth square-well potential model.
- Published
- 2011
11. Effect of N/Ga flux ratio on transport behavior of Pt/GaN Schottky diodes
- Author
-
Mahesh Kumar, Basanta Roul, Thirumaleshwara N. Bhat, A. T. Kalghatgi, Mohana K. Rajpalke, S. B. Krupanidhi, and Neeraj Sinha
- Subjects
Photoluminescence ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Scanning electron microscope ,Analytical chemistry ,Wide-bandgap semiconductor ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Schottky diode ,symbols.namesake ,symbols ,Sapphire ,Optoelectronics ,Dislocation ,business ,Raman spectroscopy ,Molecular beam epitaxy - Abstract
GaN films were grown on c-plane sapphire by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE). The effect of N/Ga flux ratio on structural, morphological, and optical properties was studied. The dislocation density found to increase with increasing the N/Ga ratio. The surface morphology of the films as seen by scanning electron microscopy shows pits on the surface and found that the pit density on the surface increases with N/Ga ratio. The room temperature photoluminescence study reveals the shift in band-edge emission toward the lower energy with increase in N/Ga ratio. This is believed to arise from the reduction in compressive stress in the films as is evidenced by room temperature Raman study. The transport studied on the Pt/GaN Schottky diodes showed a significant increase in leakage current with an increase in N/Ga ratio and was found to be caused by the increase in pit density as well as increase in dislocation density in the GaN films.
- Published
- 2011
12. Temperature dependent electrical transport behavior of InN/GaN heterostructure based Schottky diodes
- Author
-
Neeraj Sinha, Mohana K. Rajpalke, S. B. Krupanidhi, Mahesh Kumar, Thirumaleshwara N. Bhat, Basanta Roul, and A. T. Kalghatgi
- Subjects
Field electron emission ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Schottky barrier ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Optoelectronics ,Schottky diode ,Thermionic emission ,Heterojunction ,Semiconductor device ,Atmospheric temperature range ,business ,Molecular beam epitaxy - Abstract
InN/GaN heterostructure based Schottky diodes were fabricated by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The temperature dependent electrical transport properties were carried out for InN/GaN heterostructure. The barrier height and the ideality factor of the Schottky diodes were found to be temperature dependent. The temperature dependence of the barrier height indicates that the Schottky barrier height is inhomogeneous in nature at the heterostructure interface. The higher value of the ideality factor and its temperature dependence suggest that the current transport is primarily dominated by thermionic field emission (TFE) other than thermionic emission (TE). The room temperature barrier height obtained by using TE and TFE models were 1.08 and 1.43 eV, respectively.
- Published
- 2011
13. Enhanced photorefractivity in a polymeric composite photosensitized with carbon nanotubes grafted to a photoconductive polymer
- Author
-
Sonali Kalghatgi, Naveen Kumar Lingam, and Jeffrey G. Winiarz
- Subjects
Conductive polymer ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Nanocomposite ,Materials science ,Carbazole ,Photoconductivity ,Composite number ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Carbon nanotube ,Polymer ,Photorefractive effect ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,law - Abstract
We report on the photosensitization of photorefractive (PR) polymeric composites through the inclusion of multiwalled and singlewalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), respectively, having poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK) grafted to their surfaces. The PR nature of the holographic gratings was confirmed via the asymmetric exchange of energy in a two-beam-coupling (TBC) geometry, yielding TBC gain coefficients approaching 80 cm−1. In addition, in degenerate-four-wave-mixing experiments the prepared composites exhibited diffraction efficiencies as high as 60% and overmodulation voltages as low as ∼40 V/μm. These notable figures of merit indicate that the grafting of the PVK polymer to the various CNTs results in enhanced PR performance. The mechanism responsible for this enhancement in PR performance is investigated using a variety of experimental techniques.
- Published
- 2011
14. High-temperature dielectric response in pulsed laser deposited Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7 thin films
- Author
-
Jayanta Parui, S. B. Krupanidhi, A. T. Kalghatgi, and Jitendra Singh
- Subjects
Permittivity ,Crystallinity ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Analytical chemistry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Grain boundary ,Texture (crystalline) ,Thin film ,Atmospheric temperature range ,Nyquist plot ,Pulsed laser deposition - Abstract
Cubic pyrochlore Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7 thin films were deposited by pulsed laser ablation on Pt(200)/SiO2/Si at 500, 550, 600, and 650 °C. The thin films with (222) preferred orientation were found to grow at 650 °C with better crystallinity which was established by the lowest full-width half maxima of ∼0.38. The dielectric response of the thin films grown at 650 °C have been characterized within a temperature range of 270–650 K and a frequency window of 0.1–100 kHz. The dielectric dispersion in the thin films shows a Maxwell–Wagner type relaxation with two different kinds of response confirmed by temperature dependent Nyquist plots. The ac conduction of the films showed a varied behavior in two different frequency regions. The power law exponent values of more than 1 at high frequency are explained by a jump-relaxation-model. The possibility of grain boundary related large polaronic hopping, due to two different power law exponents and transformation of double to single response in Nyquist plots at high temp...
- Published
- 2010
15. Manipulation of nonmagnetic nanobeads in dilute ferrofluid
- Author
-
Gary Friedman, Derek Halverson, Benjamin B. Yellen, and Sameer Kalghatgi
- Subjects
Latex beads ,Rotating magnetic field ,Ferrofluid ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Ferromagnetism ,chemistry ,Nanostructured materials ,General Physics and Astronomy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Magnetic liquids ,Cobalt - Abstract
Patterns of submicron Co islands in conjunction with a uniform, static, or rotating magnetic field are used to demonstrate the possibility of assembling 100–300nm nonmagnetic latex beads in designated locations and manipulating their movements on surfaces.
- Published
- 2006
16. Role of the cesium antimonide layer in the Na2KSb/Cs3Sb photocathode
- Author
-
Natarajan, Aravind, primary, Kalghatgi, A. T., additional, Bhat, B. M., additional, and Satyam, M., additional
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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