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The aim of this study was to determine how patients who presented following sexual assault were managed at a secondary health facility in Gombe, Nigeria. The case notes of patient who presented at the Accident and Emergency Unit of State Specialist Hospital Gombe after serious sexual assault from August 1 2016 to July 30 2018 were retrieved and the data were entered into SPSS Version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and summarised as proportions. Of the 15,613 patients who presented, 277 were alleged rapes which constituted 1.77% of presentations. Two hundred and one of the patients were females with a total of 2341 admissions at the gynaecological ward representing 8.6%. One hundred and seventy one (67%) of the patients did not receive any form of care, 127 (54.0%) were not given antibiotics prophylaxis against STIs, 117 (42%) did not receive post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV/AIDS and 80% of the women between the ages of 15–45 had emergency contraception. One hundred and ninety seven (71.1%) did not receive any psychological support. Rape is common. Measures should be put in place to improve the clinical management of survivors. What is already known on this subject? Rape is common in Gombe, Nigeria, and a standard management protocol has been developed with a view to reduce the adverse consequences associated with it. Whatthe results of this study add? The results of this study show that survivors of rape in the developing countries like ours do not receive adequate clinical and psychological care when they present at the hospital. Whatthe implicationsareof these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Given the results, there is the need for physicians managing rape cases to pay attention to details so as to minimise both immediate and long-term complications associated with rape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level has been found to be a useful marker of ovarian reserve, and a predictor of poor and hyper-responses in patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). The study aimed to determine the association of serum AMH level with achieving pregnancy in patients undergoing COS with intrauterine insemination. The cross-sectional study investigated 204 patients who underwent COS with intrauterine insemination at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Taipei Medical University Hospital, from January 2011 to March 2012. The medical records of these patients were reviewed, and serum AMH levels were evaluated for association with successful clinical pregnancy. The AMH level in the patients who achieved clinical pregnancy was significantly higher than in patients who did not (median 2.7 vs 2.0 ng/ml, p = 0.005). Controlling for factors affecting infertility, AMH level had a significant independent influence on outcome; a higher AMH level was associated with a decreased risk of a non-pregnant outcome (odds ratio, OR = 0.895, p = 0.026). In patients undergoing COS and intrauterine insemination, a low AMH level is associated with a decreased chance of a clinical pregnancy, and this association remains irrespective of the presence or absence of endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Foley catheter balloon may affect cervical ripening through changes in biochemical mediators by immunoassay and immunohistochemistry, when it is used for pre-induction cervical ripening. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in the biochemical mediators from the extra-amniotic space and immunohistochemistry in ripened cervical tissue after the insertion of a Foley catheter balloon (FCB) for pre-induction cervical ripening. A total of 18 pregnant women with a Bishop's score < 6, who were undergoing labour induction, were evaluated in this prospective study. The FCB was irrigated with 10 ml of phosphate buffered saline and the irrigant was collected 0, 2, 4 and 8 h after placement of the FCB or until spontaneous expulsion of the FCB occurred. Irrigant specimens were also collected from 10 spontaneous labouring (SL) women in the active phase of labour. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and NO were measured. Cervical specimens were obtained from 12 women, including four undergoing induction; four SL and four non-pregnant (NP) women. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to localise hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS)-1, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-8, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS). Results showed that the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-8 significantly increased over time in FCB group (p < 0.01). In the immunohistochemical analysis of cervical tissues, immunoreactivity of HAS-1 in the after FCB group was stronger than any of the other groups. The protein expressions of IL-6, IL-8, MMP-8, eNOS and iNOS were more prominent in the after FCB and SL groups than in the NP and the before FCB groups. iNOS was only observed in the after FCB and SL groups. It was concluded that FCB may affect cervical ripening through changes in biochemical mediators by immunoassay and immunohistochemistry, when it is used for pre-induction cervical ripening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of a novel syringe-needle guidance technique (SNG), and its impact on the perioperative variables and outcomes of patients undergoing an outside-in transobturator tape procedure (TOT). Between November 2006 and May 2008, 48 consecutive women who underwent TOT with SNG were included. Another 25 women without SNG between March 2004 and October 2006 were included as a historical control. There were no significant differences in hospital stays and complication rates between the two groups. However, the operating time was shorter (mean 23.0 vs 28.3 min, p == 0.008) in the SNG group than in the control group. The presence of the SNG technique was the sole predictor of the operating time ( p == 0.003). In conclusion, the SNG technique is a feasible method to provide help in inserting the tunneller of TOT through the transobturator foramen, and did not compromise the outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assessed the pregnancy outcome of nine women inadvertently transfused with acitretin-contaminated blood products in South Korea. A total of 18 women matched to cases by age, gravidity, and singleton- or twin-pregnancy, and who were transfused with blood products not contaminated with acitretin, was also recruited. There were nine babies born in the case group. No differences (p > 0.05) were observed between cases and controls in the gestational age at delivery (38.3 ± 1.6 weeks vs 37.8 ± 2.2 weeks), birth weight (3,146 ± 874 g vs 3,106 ± 568 g), rate of pre-term deliveries (22.2% vs 11.1%) and rate of low birth weight (<2,500 g) (33.3% vs 16.7%). There was no case of malformation or neurological abnormalities born in either group. In conclusion, inadvertent exposure to acitretin-contaminated blood products was not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, probably because of the removal of acitretin and etretinate during the manufacturing process of blood products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most reports on histopatological findings of postmenopausal bleeding were published before hysteroscopy was widely used. Recent studies have shown that hysteroscopic examination is better than dilatation and curettage alone in detecting intrauterine pathology. The aim of this study is to assess histopathological findings of patients presented with postmenopausal bleeding after incorporation of hysteroscopic examination. Between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 1996, a total of 199 consecutive patients presenting with postmenopausal bleeding to a regional hospital were reviewed. Patients were investigated with cervical biopsy, endometrial aspiration or hysteroscopy and curettage. Excluding patients who had hysterectomy and cervical cancer, 97% of the patients had hysteroscopic examination. The majority of patients with postmenopausal bleeding had atrophic vaginitis and/or atrophic endometrium (58.8%). Other common diagnoses were endometrial polyp (9.4%), endometrial carcinoma (9.4%) and carcinoma of the cervix (6%). Other diagnoses included submucous fibroid, endometrial hyperplasia, pyometra, ovarian cancer and urethral caruncle. Pathologies found were similar to early reports, except that incidences of submucous fibroids and endometrial polyps were higher (13.4%). We concluded that all patients with postmenopausal bleeding should be investigated thoroughly as 22% have significant pathology. Hysteroscopy is the preferred investigation because of high incidences of endometrial polyps and submucous fibroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our objective was to correlate body mass index (BMI) with mid-arm circumference (MAC) and also to ascertain whether maternal BMI could be calculated from MAC at booking. We approached all Caucasian women who met the inclusion criteria attending the University College Hospital, London between 1 April 1996 and 30 June 1997 and the Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland between 15 April 2003 and 19 May 2004. A total of 2,912 women agreed to participate in the research. The participants' maternal height and weight were measured. Their BMI was calculated using the formula: BMI == weight (kg) ÷÷ height (m2). The MAC was measured in cm. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows version 11 with p < 0.05 as significant. We found that BMI is directly correlated with MAC ( r == 0.836) and estimates of BMI may be calculated from the simple equation BMI == MAC ± 2. Alternatively, a MAC of ≥ 27 cm allowed for a detection rate for overweight patients of 75%, with a false positive rate of 15%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates constipation, fecal incontinence and urinary symptoms in women awaiting hysterectomy. Percentage of women with urinary urge incontinence; Number of patients with passive fecal incontinence; Similarities between cases and controls on evacuatory dysfunction symptoms.

The article presents a case study of a 36-year-old obese woman with pre-eclampsia and has a history of caesarean section. She was suspected to have an abdominal abcess with uterine fistula upon the post-operative procedure. She undergone antimicrobial therapy as an initial treatment which resulted to a complete recovery.

An abstract of an article "Absolute quantification of cerebral oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration measured by intensity modulated optical spectrometry in the human fetus during labor" is presented. The aim of this study was to use an intensity modulated optical spectrometry, to quantify absolute values for fetal cerebral total hemoglobin concentration, and mean cerebral oxygen saturation during labor. The procedure uses a fibre-optic probe connected to the spectrometer.

An abstract of the article "Serum leptin and the IGF-growth hormone system in cord blood at delivery: Is there an association between these two systems?," by M. Geary, P. J. Pringle, P. C. Hindmarsh, and C. H. Rodeck is presented. It aims to determine the connection between fetal serum leptin concentrations and the fetal insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and growth hormone axis as evaluated in cord blood at delivery. Results show a strong link between the two, particularly with insulin.

The 'Murphy's Law' concept that doctors have a higher incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome is often quoted anecdotally but has never been scientifically tested. A group of medical doctors (n =52) were prospectively matched closely with a group of non-doctors (n =52) and pregnancy outcome was recorded. There were no differences noted in pregnancy outcome between the two groups. Whilst a much larger number of doctors is probably required to show a statistically significant difference, this first small study shows no clinically relevant difference between the two groups. The perception of Murphy's Law and the pregnant medicaldoctor would appear to be a myth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "Relationship between serum leptin and the IGF-growth hormone system in pregnancy," by M. Geary, P. J. Pringle, P. C. Hindmarsh, and C. H. Rodeck is presented. It aims to identify the relationship between maternal serum leptin concentrations and the maternal insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and growth hormone axis in a prospective cohort study of fetal growth in minimal risk pregnancies. A weak tie-up between maternal leptin and IGF-2 and IGFBP-3 was discovered.

Presents a case of genital tract infection in a schoolgirl patient. Signs and symptoms presented by the patient; Interventions done; Causative agent of the infection; Evaluation of the case.