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Cell surface carbohydrates are excellent markers for cellular differentiation and maturation due to great structural and antigenic diversity and to known precursor/product relations. Several blood group related carbohydrate antigens were analyzed in human labial stratified non-keratinized epithelium from 16 healthy individuals by immunohistology using monoclonal antibodies. The expression of these antigens was correlated with erythrocyte phenotype and saliva secretor status. Three distinct compartments of the epithelium were found and defined by the sequential expression of derivatives of Type 2 chain structures: lower, confined to basal cell layers (N-acetyllactosamine), middle, to parabasal cell layers (H) and upper, to spinous cell layers (Le y]Lex]). Although the antigens are related to blood group antigens they are largely expressed independently of the ABO, Lewis and secretor types, and may therefore serve as "universal" markers in differentiation studies of normal and pathological epithelium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared the in vitro cytotoxic activity against cultured NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from 13 patients with minor recurrent aplithous ulceration (RAU), 5 patients with non-aphthous oral ulceration and 23 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Leukocytes from patients with RAU exerted a significantly greater degree of cytotoxicity towards the 3T3 cells than did those of control subjects. This enhanced cytotoxicity was abrogated by depletion of PBL bearing the C05 antigen (T- lymphocytes). In contrast, PBL from patients with non-aphthous oral ulceration failed to exert an enhanced cytotoxic activity against 3T3 fibroblasts, when compared to PBL from healthy control subjects. It was concluded that PBL from patients with RAU exert a significantly enhanced cytotoxicity towards an unrelated xenogeneic target cell. This activity is a specific feature of RAU and in the assay system described appears to be mediated by T-lymphocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eleven biopsy specimens of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) removed from the skin and oral mucosa were examined immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies PAL-E and EN-4, specific for human vascular endothelial cells, and with LN-3 monoclonal antibody reactive with immune-associated (Ia) antigens in the HLA-DR locus. The early lesions of KS, corresponding to the patch phase, contained hyperplastic venules and an increased number of lymphatic capillaries. The lymphatic capillary endothelium was reactive with EN-4, whereas, PAL1-E reacted only with blood vessel endothelial cells. The spindle cells, like lymphatic endothelial cells, were non-reactive with PAL-E but showed positive reaction with EN-4 antibodies. The observed morphologic pattern of vasculogenesis and the demonstrated immune-reactivity in KS support an origin from the venul-lymphatic junction. This is an aberrant pattern but reminiscent of normal embryonal lymphatic channel development. The lymphatic capillaries and vascular slits were nonreactive with LN-3 antibody, but it was positive on cell membranes in a number of spindle cells, suggesting the focal expression of Ia-anitgens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One hundred and nine patients with diabetes mellitus and 100 age-, sex- and denture-status-matched, non-diabetic individuals were investigated prospectively. Comparison was made of oral candidal carriage, clinical infection and inherited ability to secrete blood group antigens in saliva. Diabetic patients had a significantly higher prevalence of oral candidal carriage and infection (P < 0.001) than non-diabetic individuals, but the candidal load between the 2 groups, was not significant. A comparable proportion of insulin-dependent, non-insulin dependent and control groups were secretors of blood group antigens, and there was no difference in the oral candidal carriage and infection rates between secretors and non-secretors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hypothetical model of the maturation pathway of Langerhans cells (LC) within an epithelial environment is presented. This model is based on in vitro studies using human gingival organ culture. In this model, T6 (CD1) antigen is induced on a T6(-) intraepithelial population by Interleukin-1 secreted by epithelial cells. This process is abrogated by a locally produced Interleukin-1 inhibitor, ILS. These T6(+) LC then express first HLA-DR and subsequently HLA-DQ surface antigens under the influence of either lipopolysaccharide or gamma interferon. The induction of these Class II antigens on LC is inhibited by prostaglandin E[SUB2]. It is postulated that these Class II antigen positive LC are then available to function as antigen presenting cells. This hypothesis is consistent with in vitro studies and several in vivo observations. The basis of the hypothesis is the demonstration that locally produced factors may exert an influence on LC behavior within an epithelial environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 26 malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) and 61 benign fibrohistiocytic proliferations (BFHP) were evaluated immunohistochemically. An avidinbiotin-peroxidase technique was used to determine immunoreactivity for alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, muramidase, HLA-DR, leucocyte common antigen, S-100 protein, vimentin, desmin, and keratin. MFHs were consistently positive for ACT and vimentin and inconsistently reactive for the other antigens. MFHs were negative for LCA suggesting a mesenchymal origin for these lesions. In the MFH histologic subtypes, antigen expression was not significantly different to be useful in their classification. Also no distinctive pattern emerged relative to immunoreactivity and tumor location. The benign lesions, giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, dermatofibroma, and oral benign fibrous histiocytoma differed from the MFHs in that they were often LCA positive, suggesting origin from hematopoetic mononuclear-macrophages. The immunoprofiles of peripheral fibromas and "giant cell" fibromas were felt to be consistent with origin from mesenchymal cells. Several of the antigens studied could be used to differentiate the benign lesions studied from other benign neoplasms. The antigens were, however, of little value in separation of benign and malignant lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expression of the Class I and Class II major histocompatibility antigens on oral mucosa was investigated using type-specific monoclonal antibodies. Class I antigen expression varied between various sites and in uncomplicated inflammatory responses appeared to be suppressed. HLA-DR antigen expression was only present on epithelial cells in the presence of extraneous immunocompetent cells. Oral mucosa did not express HLA-DQ antigens. The expression of Class I and Class II antigens varied between disease states exhibiting proliferative or destructive tissue responses. The pattern of Class I and Class II antigen expression is consistent with either MHC-restricted cellular interactions and subsequent destruction of epithelial cells or a protective role in non-destructive conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expression of the Class II products DR and DO on human gingival epithelium was examined using inununofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining. Differential expression of Class II antigens was seen in chronic gingivitis in adults, with T6(+) DR(+) cells being more numerous than T6(+) DO(+) cells. The periodontopathic organism Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN) induced DQ expression on Langerhans' cells (LC) during in vitro explant culture of gingival tissue. This effect was mimicked by endotoxin (LPS) from F. nucleatum and by E. coli LPS. These results indicate that differential expression of Class II products, a feature of chronic gingival inflammation, may result from the action of LPS on gingival LC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HLA-DR is a Class II histocompatibility antigen which has recently been reported to occur in increased amounts in dermal and oral lichen planus. Its expression in epithelium wits previously thought to be limited to Langerhans cells. In this study, formalin-fixed sections of oral lichen planus and a variety of other oral mucosal lesions were stained with a monoclonal antibody to HLADR using an indirect immunofluorescence lest. The expression of HLA-DR by keratinocytes did not appear to be a specific marker for lichen planus as demonstrated by the reactivity of the epithelium in a variety of lesions of the oral mucosa. If HLA-DR expression ix considered to be an inducible function, perhaps in response to γ interferon secreted by activated lymphocytes, then keratinocyte reactivity would not be expected to occur only in lichen planus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been shown previously that rat oral epithelia express antigens cross- reacting with antibodies against human blood group antigen B and its structural precursor. the H antigen (Type 2 chain). In the present study we investigated the expression of these antigens in malignant changes in the rat palate induced by a chemical carcinogen (4NQO). The H antigen, normally expressed on spinous cells in rats, was absent in malignant epithelium, whereas staining for the B antigen, normally expressed on basal cells, was variable. These changes are equivalent to those seen in human squamous cell carcinomas. The blood group antigen staining pattern in experimentally produced verrucous carcinomas showed an almost normal blood group antigen expression. This may have diagnostic significance. Localized areas of hyperplastic palatal epithelium with slight dysplasia revealed loss of H antigen and the presence of B antigen in suprabasal strata equivalent to the pattern seen in human prenialignant epithelium. We conclude from these findings, that the rat model is well suited to study changes in cell surface carbohydrates during chemical carcinogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of HLA antigens was performed in 42 Japanese patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). There were no significant differences in the frequency of HLA-A, B. C antigens between OLP-patients and control subjects, although a decreasing trend in the frequency of Bw 52 and an increasing trend in that of Bw 61 and Cw 3 was noted. Among the HLA-DR and DO antigens studied, the frequency of DRw 9 was significantly increased (Pc<0.05, RR=3.3) and the relative risk was increased (RR=6.0) when DRw 9 was carried on as a Bw 61/DRw 9 haplotype. Our results suggest that HLA-associated genetic factors play a role to some extent in the development of OLP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biopsies from normal oral mucosa and oral mucosa affected by candidosis, lichen planus or gingivitis were compared with respect to the expression of two Class II transplantation antigens, HLA-DR and HLA-DQ, by epithelial cells and the relationships of these antigens to the distribution and frequency of T-lymphocytes. Indirect immunohistochemistry with different mouse monoclonal antibodies was used on frozen and acetone-fixed sections. To evaluate results, a score system based upon the expression of the Class II transplantation antigens by epithelial cells and the frequency of T-lymphocytes was used. In oral candidosis there was a marked expression of HLA-DR antigens throughout the epithelium. In addition, this type of epithelium was the only one that expressed HLA-DQ antigens. An intense intraepithelial infiltration of T-lymphocytes was observed. Oral lichen planus and gingivitis did, to a much lesser extent, cause the expression HLA-DR antigens by the epithelial cells. In both lesions, the number of T-lymphocytes within the epithelium did not exceed the number found in epithelium of normal mucosa. In these types of lesions, the subepithelial infiltrate varied in intensity but was mainly composed of T-lymphocytes reactive with anti-Leu 3a antibodies. The results of the present study imply that epithelial expression of the two different Class II antigens are related to the frequency of the T-lymphocytes and to the proximity of these cells to the epithelial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sixty-six giant cell lesions ranging from inflammatory to neoplastic were evaluated for HLA-DR antigens using formalin/paraffin tissue and a monoclonal antibody labelled by the avidin-biotin peroxidase. HLA-DR antigens were expressed in nearly all lesions, predominantly on round, macrophage-like cells. Granulomatous inflammatory lesions were generally more immunoreactive than non-inflammatory lesions. Multinucleate giant cells were relatively unreactive in non-inflammatory lesions as compared to inflammatory lesions. Determination of HLA-DR expression does not appear to he helpful in discriminating between the various giant cell lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Langerhans cells (LC[subs]) are dendritic cells usually present in the suprabasal regions of squamous epithelia remarkable by the presence of Fc IgG and C[sub3] receptors. la/Dr. T-6 and T-4 antigens on their membranes. Conventional and immunohistochemical techniques for identification of LC[subs] require special fixation procedures and are incompatible with paraffin embedding. A method for staining LC[subs], in routine fixed and paraffin-embedded material, based on the use of antiserum against S-100 proteins is presented. The problem arising from the simultaneous staining of melanocytes is discussed. S-100 positive dendritic cells should be considered as LC[subs] when fulfilling 3 criteria: 1) located in the suprabasal layers of the epithelium: 2) the whole cell body being visible; 3) with at least one dendritic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of human and murine gamma interferon (IFN-&GAMMA;) on class II (DR and DQ) expression by human gingival Langerhans cells (LC) was examined using an organ culture system. IFN-&GAMMA; Increased the expression of both DR and DQ antigens during a 72-h period. Maximal levels of DR expression (100% of T6 cells) were produced within 6 h of IFN-&GAMMA; treatment and were maintained during culture. DQ expression was maximal (100% of T6+ cells) 18 h and was more labile that DR. The effect of IFN-&GAMMA; on DR and DQ was abrogated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE) while indomethacin, and inhibitor of PGE synthesis, mimicked the effect of IFN-&GAMMA; on DR and DQ expression. Gingival keratinocytes maintained their expression of DR for 72 h in the presence of γ-IFN, but did not express DQ under any of the culture conditions used in this study. These results demonstrate that γ-IFN induces differential expression of Class II antigens in the oral mucosa in vitro, and suggest that γ-IFN and PGE may be involved in the control of DR and DQ antigen expression in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution of blood group substances A, B, H, Le-a and Le-b in normal and neoplastic salivary gland tissue was evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry. The serological ABH blood group status of one third of the patients was known. Lewis blood group and secretory status were not known. In normal tissue, expression of blood group antigens corresponded to the serological blood group. Blood group substance H was present in almost every gland, regardless of the serological blood group. In submandibular glands, Le-b was rather selective for mucous acini. In tumors, a relationship of blood group expression to a glandular pattern and a high differentiation could be observed. Blood group substances were expressed at a high level in benign and highly differentiated malignant tumors. In poorly differentiated malignant tumors, they were mostly absent. Blood group expression evaluation could be of value in establishing the level of functional differentiation in salivary gland tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much of the connective tissue degradation that takes place in periodontal diseases is mediated by proteolytic enzymes. Previous studies have focused on the action of proteinases released by invading polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophagcs, and bacterial enzymes. In view of recent work establishing that resident connective tissue cells can be induced by cytokines to bring about the destruction of their own matrix, we propose a new hypothesis. In this we envisage that a critical step is the interaction of bacterial antigens with inflammatory cells, resulting in the production of a cytokine, interleukin-1. Our interpretation of itt vitro evidence is that the loss of connective tissue attachment and bone matrix resorption in periodontal diseases is mediated by metalloproteinases such as collagenase and stromelysin released by cells of the periodontium. Such proteolytic destruction can be induced by interleukin-1, whose production may not be dependent on a specific microbial flora but may be triggered by a number of organisms. It is now clear that interleukin-I has multiple actions on both immune and non-immune cells; these include the induction of lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation and the stimulation of bone and cartilage resorption, and prostaglandin and metalloproteinase synthesis by connective tissues. It seems likely that further knowledge about the production and function of this cytokine will have an increasing impact in many diseases that involve resorption, particularly since interleukin-I-like molecules can be produced by cell types other than monocytes/macrophages, including keratinocytcs and fibroblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship of the keratocyst antigen (KCA), the soluble component present in most keratocyst fluids, and keratin, was studied with immunofluorcscencc microscopy comparing their distribution in developing mouse embryonic teeth and in human ameloblastomas. In these tissues both molecules showed a strong codistribution in epithelial cells. In the embryonic teeth both molecules were present in the stratum intermedium ceils between the stellate reticulum cells and amcloblasts, but the secretory ends of the ameloblasts showed fluorescent staining only for keratin. The relationship was further investigated by comparing the physicochemical characteriatics of KCA and keratin. Results on immunoblotting and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that KCA existed in keratocyst fluid as a 60-68J)00 dalton polypeptide with an isoelectric point of pl 6.8. Immunoblotting analysis of various isolated keratins revealed a typical polypeptide pattern of each keratin when anti-KCA antiserum was used for staining. These findings suggest that KCA and keratin tire related molecules and that KCA may be a soluble component of keratin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eleven oral verruca vulgaris specimens were examined for the presence of papillomavirus structural antigens by reaction with antibody to type-common antigens and detection by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. The specimens were also examined by in situ hybridization with biotin-labelled human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA to determine the specific HPV types present in the lesions. Six of the 11 specimens were positive for papillomavirus structural antigens. Of these 6, 5 hybridized to the HPV Type 2 (HPV2) probe and one to the HPV4 probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in vitro influence of the periodontopathic organism Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN) on gingival tissue was examined using an organ culture system. Treatment of gingival explants obtained from periodontally diseased sites with suspensions of FN, stimulated the expression of HLA-DR antigens by Langerhans cells (LC) in a dose-dependent fashion, and produced a maintenance of the LC markers T6 and ATPase. Similar effects were seen when E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was substituted for suspensions of FN. With both FN and LPS the expression of HLA-DR by gingival keratinocytes was maintained throughout the 72-h culture period, despite the cytotoxic effects of these agents. Using a variety of immunohistological techniques and a monoclonal antibody specific for the strain of FN used, it was possible to demonstrate the uptake of FN antigens by LC within the gingival epithelium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expression of the histocompatibility antigens HLA-DR and HLA-A. B. C within periodontally diseased tissue was investigated using immunohistological and histochemical techniques. Tissue was obtained from 18 patients with periodontal disease and from 2 healthy volunteers. HLA-DR antigen was expressed by the keratinocytcs of the oral epithelium in all inflamed samples but was not a feature of normal tissue where HLA-DR reactivity was confined to Langerhans cells. These results arc consistent with an underlying cellular immune process. Using a variety of phenotypic markers it was possible to characterize the macrophage population within the connective tissue into 2 distinct types: an antigen-presenting cell type located subjacent to the oral epithelium and a phagocytic cell type situated deep within the connective tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) production in response to streptococcal antigens and oral mucosa was examined as a possible pathogenic mechanism in recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU). Mononuclcar cells from RAU patients and controls were stimulated with antigens prepared from two species of streptococci and from oral mucosa. Candida albicans and foreskin were tested as control antigens. There were some statistically significant differences in leukocyte migration inhibition between patients and controls with some concentrations of Streptococcus sanguis (ATCC 10556) and C. albicans, and a trend toward low migration indices with oral mucosa. However, the roughly equal numbers of patients and controls with some concentrations positively to each antigen and the large background variation suggest a lack of biological significance. LIF production did not increase consistently in the early stages and did not correlate with ulcer development in patients studied sequentially. We conclude that LIF production (at least in response to the antigens tested) plays no pathogenic role in RAU. Our data do not support the hypothesis that a specific cell-mediated sensitivity to streptococcal antigens is involved in RAU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes occurring in a population of Langerhans cells (LC) were investigated using human gingival epithelium maintained in organ culture. The enzyme adenosine5'-triphosphatase together with the surface antigens HLA-DR and T6 were used to identify and quantitate these cells. An exponential fall in the expression of each of these markers was seen m occur with increasing incubation time, suggesting that a true loss of these cells is in fact occurring. HLA-DR autigen is shed from LC at a rate significantly greater than that at which LC-are lost. A mathematical model which simulates the behaviour of LC within organ culture is presemed, and several implications and possible explanations proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was undertaken to determine whether or not the blood group H- antigen reactivity of oral epithelium has value in predicting malignant transformation. Tissue from 3 groups of patients was studied retrospectively, using an immunoperoxidasc technique. Two biopsy specimens from each patient, obtained at different times but from the same site, were examined for the presence of H-antigen. Group I consisted of 16 patients in which the initial biopsy was histologically benign, but the subsequent biopsy revealed epidermoid carcinoma. The initial biopsies in Groups II (17 patients) and III (17 patients) revealed epithelial dysplasia. Whereas the subsequent biopsy in Group Il revealed carcinoma, the subsequent biopsy in Group 111 remained non-invasive. Normal epithelium from 64 patients was also studied. The results showed that in normal epithelium, H-antigen-negative cells are rarely seen, but 81% of the initial benign specimens of Group I showed antigen-negative areas. Therefore, it was concluded that altered H-antigen reactivity in histologically benign epithelium may serve to predict eventual malignant transformation, and that immunologic dedifferentiation precedes bistologic dedifferentiation. A comparison between the initial biopsy specimens of Groups II and III yielded nearly identical results and showed that it was not possible, on the basis of the H-antigen reactivity, to predict which dysplastic lesions would progress to epidermoid carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-two adenolymphomas (Warthin's tumours) were investigated with respect to their lymphoid stroma; 4 were analyzed by monoclonal antibodies against B-cells and T-cells. A slight predominance of B-cells was found. In the T-cell fraction, the T-helper cells outnumbered the T-suppressor cells by a factor of 4. These and other cell types were found in the stroma and in the epithelium. Mast cells were associated with those adenolymphomas having a high proportion of epithelium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface makers of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro were investigated using monoclonal and heterotogous antisera against a range of cell surface antigens, together with rosetting techniques to characterize surface receptors for IgG and C[sub3]. WI-38 fibroblasts and human peripheral blood monoeytes were used as control cells. Human gingival fibroblast exhibited complement receptors and β2-micro-globulin, as did WI-38 cells. Ten per cent of the human gingival fibroblasts were positive for HLA-DR antigens and additionally exhibited a granulocyte antigen not posed for short periods to varying concentrations of enzymes (trpsin, collagenase and neuraminidase), bacterial extracts (lipopolysaccharids and lipoteichoic acid) and crude supra- and subgingival plaque sonicates. Surface-maker analysis was then carried out. The most noticeable effects were obtained with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase, which inhanced C[sub3] receptor and surface antigen expression, and supragingival plaque sonicate which depressed the depression of HLA-DR and granulocyte antigens while not affecting ???-2-microglobulin expression, Trypsin reduced antigen expression to a degree, but its effects were mainly on cell adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six oral papillomas and 7 oral leukoplakias were studied with genus-specific antibodies against detergent-disrupted papillomaviruses. Indirect immunofuorescence staining was applied to frozen sections. Distinct nuclear staining of superficial keratinocytes was seen in 5 of 6 oral papillomas, 2 of 5 homogenous leukoplakias, and in 2 cases of nodular leukoplakia, one of these showing transition into an invasive carcinoma. Papillomavirus antibodies offer a new way to detect and localize papillomaviruses in opithelial hyperplasias. The relevance of the immunomorphological identification of papillomavirus-associataed antigens is discussed with special reference to the molecular hybridization technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a collection of parotid gland tumors the presence of different antigens was studied by immuno-histochemical methods. The series was composed of different tumors: adeno- and cystadenocarcinomas, adenoid-cystic carcinomas, salivary duct carcinomas, mucoepidermoid tumors, squamous cell carcinomas and anaplastic carcinomas. The following substances were studied: 1. Substances normally present in salivary glands like lysozyme and lactoferrin. 2. Oncofetal antigens: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). 3. Different classes of intermediate-sized filaments: prekeratin and vimentin. the presence of lactoferrin and careinoembryonic antigen could be demonstrated in the glandular differentiated tumors, whereas the squamous cell carcinomas, although CEA positive, were lactoferrin negative. The anaplastic carcinomas were negative for lactoferrin and CEA. Lysozyme and AFP could not be demonstrated in the tumors of our material. Mucoepidermoid tumors and squamous cell carcinomas were clearly positive for prekeratin filaments whereas the stromal part showed vimentin filaments in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts. These antigens provide a useful tool to distinguish between the epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first step towards understanding the cellular interaction which results in auto- immune disease is to determine what triggers the recognition between a specific auto-immune antigen determinant and the cellular receptor. In this review, we have focused on the antigen inducing experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE) because the antigen has been characterized and a relatively large body of information on its biological activities has been accumulated. Clearly, a specific allergic encephalitis-producing determinant is present and is represented on a relatively small portion of the molecule. The determinant induces a wide variety of biological reactivities, some of which are classed as cellular mediated. An attempt is made to dissect activities such as blast transformation (UT). migration inhibitory factor (MW), in vivo delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) and EAB and to relate them to the structural requirements which the determinants possess. The complexities which arise indicate that subpopulations of cells with different receptor activities may respond selectively and that recognition of the receptor is produced by an EAE determinant consisting of three amino acids in a specific linear sequence. Furthermore, under experimental circumstances the EAE activity can be dissociated from the other activities (BT, MIF, DTH), indicating that while these tests are used generally to follow various human autoimmune disease activities, they may represent the reaction of a broad spectrum of cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rats were passively immunized by an intraperitoneal injection of homologous anti-BSA serum and their salivary glands were challenged 20 min or 24 hours later with BSA by the intraductal route. Immune complex sialoadenitis developed only when challenge was early. It is concluded that immunoglobulins are transferred from the circulation into the salivary glands and are relatively rapidly cleared by a mechanism yet unknown, possibly by salivary flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemically induced tumors of the rat submaxillary glands were tested for the presence of tumor antigens by in vitro leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity assays. Since it has been reported that the saliva of humans with oral cancer contains markedly elevated levels of secretory antibody, the rats' saliva specimens were also tested for blocking and/or potentiating ‘antibody’ activity. The results indicate that saliva from tumor-bearing animals potentiated tumor cell killing if either the tumor cells or leukocytes were pretreated. The effect was much more marked when tumor cells were pretreated. Furthermore, the addition of saliva to tumor cells imparted an immunologic cross reactivity which was not present with untreated tumor cells. Control saliva occasionally produced a similar effect, but not as consistently. or with the potency of saliva from tumor-bearing animals. Heat inactivation did not abrogate this potentiation. It is inferred that this may indicate a new system of immunologic surveillance, i.e. arming or potentiation of leukocytes by soluble tumor antigens in glandular secretions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ca antigen has been reported to be present on the surface of malignant but not, with few exceptions, non-malignant cells. We investigated the potential usefulness of the nionoclonal Ca 1 antibody in differentiating oral squamous cell carcinoma from non-malignent or premalignant oral neoplasms. Paraffin- embedded sections from 33 biopsy specimens of 12 hyperplastic and 21 neoplastic oral lesions were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Seven of the 33 specimens showed positive staining for Ca antigen. Fifteen of 21 specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma were negative for Ca antigen, and one case of focal keratosis was positive. The results indicate that the use of the Ca 1 antibody to distinguish oral squamous cell Carcinoma from non-malignant or premalignant oral lesions is highly unreliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides insights on tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens. Importance of the early identification of lesions with malignant potential; Changes most often observed on tumor cells; Basis for differences and changes in cell surface carbohydrate antigen profiles associated with both cellular differentiation and transformation.

Sections of lesional tissue from 6 patients who exhibited only oral lesions of lichen planus (LP) were incubated with autologous serum and studied immunopathologically for the presence of lichen planus specific antigen (LPSA). None of the specimens was positive for LPSA. Serum from the oral LP patients was subsequently incubated with allogeneic cutaneous LP lesional tissue sections, which resulted in the demonstration of LPSA in 2 of the 4 sera examined. These results suggest an immunologic relationship between cutaneous LP and at least some cases of oral LP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an index of topics published in this issue of the periodical. Some of terms are adenolymphoma, ameloblastoma, angiomyoma, autoimmune disease antigens, calcification effect of bicarbonate on remineralization, parotid calcification and cementomas in patient with Sjogren's syndrome and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, focal epithelial hyperplasia, hyalin bodies and oxytalan fibers.